牛津译林版（2019）Unit 1 Back to School 期末复习敲重点 学案（含答案）
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Unit 1 Back to School —2023-2024学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册期末复习敲重点
学习目标整合
知识与技能目标 学生能够掌握课文中的重点单词和短语并能理解课文内容。
过程与方法目标 培养学生的听、说、读、写的能力，提高学生的英语综合运用能力。
情感态度与价值观目标 培养学生良好的学习习惯和合作意识，激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
思维导图回顾知识
重难知识易混易错
一、句子成分
定义：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分
基本成分：共七种，主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语和状语。
1、主语
表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般用名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、句子等充当。
The Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world.
He likes playing computer games.
Two and two is four.
Learning foreign languages is more and more popular.
To finish the work on time is the most important thing for me.
What the teacher said just now was the rules in his class.
2、谓语
表示发生的动作，一般用系动词、动词等充当。
I can speak a little English.
It is easy for me to learn painting.
3、表语
是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态，一般由名词、 代词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。
Money isn't everything.
He turns out it.
He soon became famous.
Tom stays alone.
The map is on the wall.
My wish is to become an artist.
My job is teaching English.
My question is how you knew him.
4、宾语
表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、句子等充当。
We like English.
I know him very well.
You can call 110 for help.
Remember to tell him to come.
Please stop making noise.
Do you understand what I mean
5、补语
用来补充说明宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词及不定式等充当。
We make him our monitor.
When he arrived, he found all the people gone.
6、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语，一般由形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语等充当。
形容词、代词、数词、名词作定语，通常放在被修饰词前
Tom is one of my best friends in my class.
但是，副词、动词不定式、介词短语作定语，则通常放在被修饰词后
The bike in the room is mine.
Look at the pictures below.
The problem solved yesterday was very important.
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等充当。
He lives in London.
I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free.
He sat there, reading a magazine.
They stopped to have a good look at the scenery.
Although he is young, he knows a lot.
二、句子结构（简单句）
1、主语 + 谓语 (S + V)
Class begins. 开始上课。
2、主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S + V + P)
He became a singer. 他成了一名歌手。
3、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(S + V + O)
My sister likes English. 我妹妹喜欢英语。
4、主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 间接宾语(S + V + O + O)
He gave me a pair of glasses.
他给了我一副眼镜。
5、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 补语(S + V + O + C)
Mom asked Tom to leave.
妈妈要求汤姆离开。
6、主语 + 谓语 + 状语(S + V + A)
Jim runs in the park.
吉姆在公园里跑步。
7、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S + V + O + A)
They want to go at once.
他们想立刻去。
8、there be 句型
be动词在人称和数上要和靠近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。
【例题】
一、
Top Four Mountain Hikes in the World
John Muir Trail, California, the USA
Running from Yosemite Valley to the summit of Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the USA, the John Muir Trail owns some of the most breathtaking landscapes in North America. It is by far the longest trail in this list. On top of that, perfect weather is almost guaranteed in summer.
●Distance：2l1 miles
●Duration：20-25 days
●Best time: summer（July-September）
●Highlights: Kings Canyon and Yosemite National Parks, wildlife
Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Africa's highest mountain towers over the Serengeti Plains, home to many of the continent's most iconic animals. Climbing Kilimanjaro is possible along a variety of climbing route, which most people do on a guided tour.
●Distance：35-46 miles depending on the route
●Duration：6-9 days
●Best time: dry season（July-September）
●Highlights: Mount Kilimanjaro, the Serengeti, iconic wildlife, from savannah to snow
Inca Trail, Peru
One of the most famous and best multi-day hikes in the world, the Inca Trail climbs to one of the planet's greatest sights. You'll walk through jungle scenery and past centuries-old ruins. Your efforts are rewarded with a sunrise over Machu Pichu, a truly once-in-a-lifetime experience.
●Distance：26 miles
●Duration：4 days
●Best time: summer (May-September)
●Highlights: sunrise, Andes mountain scenery, ancient Inca paths
Everest Base Camp, Nepal
While chances are slim that you'll ever stand on the top of Mount Everest, you can still get the Himalaya hiking experience by hiking to Everest Base Camp. This is a hike that anyone who hikes regularly can do. This is one of the world's greatest long-distance hikes that last less than one month.
●Distance: 38 miles
●Duration: l4 days
●Best time: March-May or September-November
●Highlights: local Sherpa culture, views of Mount Everest
1. Which mountain hike covers the longest distance
A. Everest Base Camp, Nepal. B. Inca Trail, Peru.
C. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. D. John Muir Trail, California, the USA.
2.Where can a hiker enjoy both a sunrise and ancient Inca paths
A. In the USA. B. In Tanzania. C. In Peru. D. In Nepal.
3.What do the four mountain hikes have in common
A. September is the best time to try any of them.
B. Perfect weather is surely guaranteed in summer.
C. Visitors are likely to enjoy wildlife and snow.
D. Tourists can experience rich local culture life.
二、
Why we forget
Remembering things is an important function of our brain-if we can't recall how to do something, we can't survive. If you think about it, there is so much we have to remember—from where we leave our car keys to how we walk. ①_____
Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when it is required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things
It may be because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time. When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later. ②_____ It is also possible that memories decline over time. If you don't perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it. This could be because our memory is full, or our short-term memory is easier to access.
③_____Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there This is called "The Doorway Effect". This occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about many different things.
So, if you have a mind like a sieve（筛子）, it could be because you have too much on your mind. But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it.④_____ That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.
However, forgetting is not always a bad thing！would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us. ⑤_____
A. That's something worth remembering!
B. Maybe it's no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful.
C. But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down.
D. If you don't have these connections, then it can be easier to forget.
E. However, it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved.
F. We also need some mental relaxation such as listening to some classical music.
G. Beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline.
三、
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ①_____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ②_____ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ③_____(address) the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ④_____(large) tea-producing country, China has a ⑤_____(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ⑥_____(share) future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ⑦_____ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
⑧_____(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ⑨_____(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ⑩_____(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
核心素养对接高考
【2023年山西太原模拟】Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of our country’s long-standing problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called The Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Lay's (乐事公司) at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in hot soapy water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether it’s single-serve or family-size. “The result is a sleeping bag that is waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around.” Oleita told The Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, it has created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are committed to making an impact not only socially, but also environmentally.” she said.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of salvaging bags that would otherwise be abandoned in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told www., “I think it’s time to show connections between these issues.”
1.What is the purpose of the Chip Bag Project
A. To make donations for the homeless.
B. To deal with garbage and sleeping bags.
C. To stop pollution caused by snack lovers.
D. To protect the environment and reduce poverty.
2.How does Oleita get materials for sleeping bags
A. By turning to chip eaters. B. By producing chip bags.
C. By purchasing snacks. D. By cooperating with the poor.
3.What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Oleita raises money by creating new sleeping bags.
B. Oleita hopes to gain a better life through the project.
C. Oleita and her fellows will continue pursuing their goal.
D. 110 sleeping bags were created by the Project in 2020.
4.Which of the following best describes Eradajere Oleita
A. Determined and honest. B. Ambitious and humorous.
C. Devoted and creative. D. Caring and dependent.
【2023年江西模拟】Children who spend more time playing adventurously have lower symptoms of anxiety and depression, and were happier, according to a new research.
A study led by the University of Exeter asked parents how often their children engaged in play that was “thrilling and exciting”, where they might experience some fear and uncertainty.
The study comes at a time when today’s children have fewer opportunities for adventurous play out of sight of adults, such as climbing trees, riding bikes or jumping from high surfaces. The study sought to test theories that adventurous play offers learning opportunities that help build resilience in children, thereby helping to prevent mental health problems.
The research team surveyed nearly 2,500 parents of children aged 5 — 11 years. Parents completed questions about their child’s play, their general mental health and their mood. The research was carried out with two groups of parents: a group of 427 parents living in Northern Ireland and a nationally representative group of 1,919 parents living in Great Britain.
Researchers found that children who spend more time playing outside had fewer “internalizing problems” — characterized as anxiety and depression. The study in the Great Britain group also found that the effect was more pronounced in children from lower-income families than those growing up in higher-income households.
Helen Dodd, a professor of Child Psychology at the University of Exeter, who led the study, said, “We now urgently need to invest in and protect natural spaces, well-designed parks and adventure playgrounds, to support the mental health of our children.”
Welcoming the findings, Jacqueline O’Loughlin, Chief Executive of PlayBoard NI, said, “It is clear from the research findings that playing, taking risks and experiencing excitement outdoors make positive contributions to children’s mental health and emotional well-being. The rewards of allowing children to self-regulate and manage challenge in their play are widespread and far-reaching. Adventurous play helps children to build the resilience needed to cope with and manage stress in challenging circumstances.”
1.What may be discovered in the study about adventurous play
A. It can improve children’s learning ability.
B. It can influence children’s mental health.
C. It may be fascinated by some children.
D. It may not be accepted by some parents.
2.How was the research conducted
A. By listing reasons. B. By conducting experiments.
C. By making questionnaires. D. By analyzing related studies.
3.What message does Jacqueline seem to convey in the text
A. Children need to manage stress properly.
B. Public avenues should be invested in urgently.
C. Adventurous play benefits children significantly.
D. Children should be rewarded for their self-regulation.
4.Which of the following could be the best title of the text
A. More challenges, less anxieties B. Be adventurous, you can make it
C. Be self-regulated, you can’t get sick D. The more outdoor plays, the happier
【2023年山西太原模拟】
Building with Nature in Mind
In 2017, a new series of California laws was passed to make accessory dwelling units (ADUs) (可租赁附加住宅) easier to build. ①_______.
Working with nature
Designed by her sister, architect Isabelle Duvivier, the ADU develops as a case study in the efficient use of space and a thoughtful approach to preserving tree canopy (树冠).
“We are losing our tree canopy due to development,” said Duvivier who serves on the city’s Community Forest Advisory Committee. “It’s OK to build, but build with nature. ②_______.”
Using space creatively
The ADU conceived by Duvivier was completed in 2019, including pavers, landscaping, fencing and an attached garage. ③_______. “We had to cut the tree back slowly, and then when we were finally ready to build, we gave it a good trim. Now it adds to the beauty of her yard,” Duvivier said. The Chinese elm (榆树) also helps the ADU, which is airy and bright, thanks to its southern exposure and its high ceilings that make the inside feel larger than its floor plan.
④_______
Arnoult didn’t want to disturb her neighbor, so Duvivier designed the building with privacy in mind. Another environmentally friendly touch by Duvivier is the addition of a 400-gallon cistern located behind the house so that her sister can use reclaimed rainwater to water the lush landscape.
The ADU’s layout
The unit has two small bedrooms upstairs, including one with a half wall that overlooks the living area. ⑤_______. Oversize French doors let more sunshine in and provide easy access to a private patio and garden.
A. Tackling neighbors’ problems with water supply
B. Trees provide shade, clean the air, collect rainwater and connect us to nature
C. Downstairs, there is a bathroom, laundry and a kitchen, which opens onto the living room
D. Addressing privacy concerns and reclaiming rainwater
E. Despite having two stories, the ADU seems smaller in contrast to an enormous Chinese elm
F. The tree also enhances the ADU thanks to its southern exposure and its high ceilings
G. Arnoult decided to withdraw her retirement funds and build a 650-square-foot income property (收益性住宅) in her backyard.
答案以及解析
【例题】
一、
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。结合文中讲述的四个项目的远足里程可知，四个山地远足项目里程分别是“211 miles”“35-46 miles”“26miles”“38miles”，“211 miles”为最远的里程，对应的项目为“John Muir Trail，California, the USA”,选项D符合题意,故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据“Inca Trail, Peru”项目中的“Highlights: sunrise, Andes mountain scenery, ancient Inca paths”(亮点：日出、安第斯山脉风景、古印加小路）可知，在秘鲁的远足项目中，远足者可以欣赏日出和古印加小路，选项C符合题意。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。结合四个山地远足项目的最佳时间可知，前两个都是July-September(7月至9月)，第三个是May-September(5月至9月),第四个是March-May or September-November(3月至5月或9月至11月)，因此9月份去参加四个项目中的任何一个都适合。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
二、
答案：①-⑤ BDCGA
解析：①根据上句可知，我们需要记住的事情太多，再结合第三段第一句及常识可以推知，有时遗忘某事并不奇怪。故B项符合语境。
②根据上句可知，当我们存储信息时，我们经常会与其他事物建立联系，这有助于我们在以后回忆起它。所以D项“如果你没有这些联系，你就可能更容易遗忘”符合语境。
③上一段最后一句提到了short-term memory，下文介绍了短暂性记忆，即“门口效应”的例子：走进房间去取东西，结果到了房间却忘了自己想找什么。据此可知，C项内容能承上启下，故C项正确。
④根据下句“That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.” 可知，这个时候我们患阿尔茨海默病的风险更大。据此可以推知，空处说明记忆力随着年龄增大减退的现象和原因，故G项正确。
⑤遗忘并非总是坏事，记住所有细节则会浪费认知资源，据此可知，这点值得记住。故A项正确。
三、
答案：①by ②the ③addressed ④largest ⑤responsibility ⑥shared ⑦and ⑧To strengthen ⑨inviting ⑩its
解析：①介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by..."由……命名"。
②冠词。此处指上文提到过的"the first International Tea Day", 故用定冠词"the"表示特指。
③谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的"took place"可知, 时态应一致; address"对......发表演说"与主语"chairman"构成主动关系。故填addressed。
④形容词的最高级。"tea-producing country"前应用形容词修饰, 提示词为形容词, 且空前有定冠词"the", 再结合常识可知, 应用形容词的最高级。
⑤名词。根据空前的不定冠词"a"可知, 此处填名词"responsibility"。
⑥形容词。根据空前的"a"和空后的名词"future"可知, 此处应用形容词, share与future为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式的形容词shared"共同的"。
⑦连词。根据句意可知, 此处意为"促进国际合作与文化交流", 故应用and。
⑧非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知, 空处应用不定式表示目的。
⑨非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词"included", 提示词与"the event"之间为逻辑上的主谓关系, 故空处用提示词"invite"的现在分词形式作状语。
⑩代词。"first exhibition"前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式, 故填is。
【2023年山西太原模拟】
1.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of our country's long-standing problems：garbage and poverty.It's called The Chip Bag Project.(Eradajere Oleita认为，对于我国两个长期存在的问题：垃圾和贫困，她可能有一个部分解决方案。它被称为薯片袋计划。)可知，薯片袋计划的目的是保护环境，减少贫困。故选D。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers：Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash，donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.（这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者向当地的零食爱好者请求帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠出去，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。）可知，Oleita是通过向吃薯片者求助而获得睡袋的材料的。故选A。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中But that's only half the goal for Oleita-whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life-and her fellow volunteers.（但对于Oleita和她的志愿者同伴来说，这只是目标的一半，她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到了美国，希望过上更好的生活。）可知，Oleita和她的志愿者同伴将继续追求他们的目标。故选C。
4.答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中We are commied to making an impact not only socially，but also environmentally.（我们不仅致力于对社会产生影响，还致力于对环境产生影响。）以及最后一段中I think it's time to show connections between these issues.（我认为是时候展示这些问题之间的联系了。）可知，Eradajere Oleita把保护环境，减少贫困联系起来，致力于对社会和环境产生影响，所以她具备敬业精神和创造能力。A.Determined and honest有决心的和诚实的；B.ambitious and humorous有野心的和幽默的；C.Devoted and creative敬业的和有创造力的；D.Caring and dependent有爱心的和独立的。故选C。
【2023年江西模拟】
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Children who spend more time playing adventurously have lower symptoms of anxiety and depression，and were happier，according to a new research.（一项新研究表明，花更多时间玩冒险游戏的孩子焦虑和抑郁症状较低，而且更快乐）可知，关于冒险游戏的研究发现冒险游戏会影响儿童的心理健康。故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段The research team surveyed nearly 2，500 parents of children aged 5-11 years.Parents completed questions about their child's play，their general mental health and their mood.（研究小组调查了近2500名5-11岁孩子的父母。家长们填写了有关孩子玩耍、总体心理健康状况和情绪的问题）可知，研究通过问卷调查进行。A．By listing reasons.通过列举理由；B．By conducting experiments.通过进行实验；C．By making questionnaires.通过做调查问卷；D．By analyzing related studies.通过分析相关研究。故选C。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Welcoming the findings，Jacqueline O'Loughlin，Chief Executive of PlayBoard NI，said， "It is clear from the research findings that playing，taking risks and experiencing excitement outdoors make positive contributions to children's mental health and emotional well-being.The rewards of allowing children to self-regulate and manage challenge in their play are widespread and far-reaching.Adventurous play helps children to build the resilience needed to cope with and manage stress in challenging circumstances."（PlayBoard NI的首席执行官Jacqueline O 'Loughlin对这些发现表示欢迎，她说："从研究结果来看，很明显，在户外玩耍、冒险和体验兴奋对儿童的心理健康和情感健康有积极的贡献。允许孩子在游戏中自我调节和应对挑战的回报是广泛而深远的。冒险游戏可以帮助孩子们建立在充满挑战的环境中应对和管理压力所需的适应力。"）可推知，Jacqueline在文中似乎要传达的信息是冒险游戏对孩子有显著的好处。故选C。
4.答案：D
解析： 标题归纳题。根据倒数第三段Researchers found that children who spend more time playing outside had fewer "internalizing problems"—characterized as anxiety and depression.The study in the Great Britain group also found that the effect was more pronounced in children from lower-income families than those growing up in higher-income households.（研究人员发现，花更多时间在户外玩耍的孩子有更少的"内化问题"，其特征是焦虑和抑郁。英国小组的研究还发现，这种影响在低收入家庭的孩子身上比在高收入家庭长大的孩子更明显）结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程、研究的发现以及人们对此的看法。可知，D选项"户外游戏越多，越快乐"最符合文章标题。A．More challenges，less anxieties.更多挑战，更少焦虑；B．Be adventurous，you can make it大胆一点，你会成功的；C．Be self-regulated，you can't get sick.要自律，不能得病；D．The more outdoor plays，the happier.户外玩的越多越开心。故选D。
【2023年山西太原模拟】
答案：①-⑤GBEDC
解析：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是以自然为建筑理念来盖房子。
①空前说“In 2017, a new series of California laws was passed to make accessory dwelling units (ADUs) (可租赁附加住宅) easier to build.(2017年，加州通过了一系列新的法律，使附属住宅单元（ADU）更容易建造。)”，这说明有人可能会建这样的房子，下一段说“Designed by her sister, architect Isabelle Duvivier, the ADU develops as a case study in the efficient use of space and a thoughtful approach to preserving tree canopy (树冠).(ADU由她的姐姐、建筑师Isabelle Duvivier设计，它是有效利用空间和保护树冠的一种深思熟虑的方法。)”，说明有一个人要建这样的房子，G选项“Arnoult decided to withdraw her retirement funds and build a 650-square-foot income property (收益性住宅) in her backyard(Arnoult决定取出她的退休基金，在她的后院建造一个650平方英尺的收入物业)”说明了Arnoult要盖这样的房子，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
②空前说“We are losing our tree canopy due to development(由于开发，我们正在失去我们的树冠)”，“It’s OK to build, but build with nature(建筑是可以的，但要以自然为建筑理念)”，说明Duvivier是在强调树的重要性，B选项“Trees provide shade, clean the air, collect rainwater and connect us to nature(树木提供阴凉，净化空气，收集雨水，将我们与自然联系起来)”强调的是树的重要性，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
③空前说“The ADU conceived by Duvivier was completed in 2019, including pavers, landscaping, fencing and an attached garage.(由Duvivier构思的ADU于2019年完成，包括铺路石、景观美化、围栏和附属车库。)”，这是在描述由Duvivier构思的ADU是什么样子的，空格处应该接着描述，E选项“Despite having two stories, the ADU seems smaller in contrast to an enormous Chinese elm(尽管有两层楼，但与巨大的中国榆树相比，ADU似乎要小一些)”是对ADU的描述，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
④空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Arnoult didn’t want to disturb her neighbor, so Duvivier designed the building with privacy in mind. Another environmentally friendly touch by Duvivier is the addition of a 400-gallon cistern located behind the house so that her sister can use reclaimed rainwater to water the lush landscape. (Arnoult不想打扰她的邻居，所以Duvivier在设计这栋建筑时考虑到了隐私。Duvivier的另一个环保之处是在房子后面增加了一个400加仑的蓄水池，这样她的妹妹就可以使用回收的雨水来浇灌郁郁葱葱的景观。)”可知，本段主要讲的是ADU保护隐私的设置和回收雨水的环保设计，D选项“Addressing privacy concerns and reclaiming rainwater(解决隐私问题和回收雨水)”说明了ADU的两个设计，保护隐私和回收雨水，因此可概括本段内容，可作为小标题，故选D。
⑤空前说“The unit has two small bedrooms upstairs, including one with a half wall that overlooks the living area.(这套公寓在楼上有两间小卧室，其中一间带半墙，可以俯瞰起居区。)”，空后应该紧接着说楼下有什么，C选项“Downstairs, there is a bathroom, laundry and a kitchen, which opens onto the living room(楼下有一间浴室、洗衣房和一间通往客厅的厨房)”说明的是楼下有什么，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
2
学习目标整合
知识与技能目标 学生能够掌握课文中的重点单词和短语并能理解课文内容。
过程与方法目标 培养学生的听、说、读、写的能力，提高学生的英语综合运用能力。
情感态度与价值观目标 培养学生良好的学习习惯和合作意识，激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
思维导图回顾知识
重难知识易混易错
一、句子成分
定义：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分
基本成分：共七种，主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语和状语。
1、主语
表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般用名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、句子等充当。
The Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world.
He likes playing computer games.
Two and two is four.
Learning foreign languages is more and more popular.
To finish the work on time is the most important thing for me.
What the teacher said just now was the rules in his class.
2、谓语
表示发生的动作，一般用系动词、动词等充当。
I can speak a little English.
It is easy for me to learn painting.
3、表语
是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态，一般由名词、 代词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。
Money isn't everything.
He turns out it.
He soon became famous.
Tom stays alone.
The map is on the wall.
My wish is to become an artist.
My job is teaching English.
My question is how you knew him.
4、宾语
表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、句子等充当。
We like English.
I know him very well.
You can call 110 for help.
Remember to tell him to come.
Please stop making noise.
Do you understand what I mean
5、补语
用来补充说明宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词及不定式等充当。
We make him our monitor.
When he arrived, he found all the people gone.
6、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语，一般由形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语等充当。
形容词、代词、数词、名词作定语，通常放在被修饰词前
Tom is one of my best friends in my class.
但是，副词、动词不定式、介词短语作定语，则通常放在被修饰词后
The bike in the room is mine.
Look at the pictures below.
The problem solved yesterday was very important.
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等充当。
He lives in London.
I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free.
He sat there, reading a magazine.
They stopped to have a good look at the scenery.
Although he is young, he knows a lot.
二、句子结构（简单句）
1、主语 + 谓语 (S + V)
Class begins. 开始上课。
2、主语 + 系动词 + 表语(S + V + P)
He became a singer. 他成了一名歌手。
3、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(S + V + O)
My sister likes English. 我妹妹喜欢英语。
4、主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 间接宾语(S + V + O + O)
He gave me a pair of glasses.
他给了我一副眼镜。
5、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 补语(S + V + O + C)
Mom asked Tom to leave.
妈妈要求汤姆离开。
6、主语 + 谓语 + 状语(S + V + A)
Jim runs in the park.
吉姆在公园里跑步。
7、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语(S + V + O + A)
They want to go at once.
他们想立刻去。
8、there be 句型
be动词在人称和数上要和靠近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。
【例题】
一、
Top Four Mountain Hikes in the World
John Muir Trail, California, the USA
Running from Yosemite Valley to the summit of Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the USA, the John Muir Trail owns some of the most breathtaking landscapes in North America. It is by far the longest trail in this list. On top of that, perfect weather is almost guaranteed in summer.
●Distance：2l1 miles
●Duration：20-25 days
●Best time: summer（July-September）
●Highlights: Kings Canyon and Yosemite National Parks, wildlife
Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Africa's highest mountain towers over the Serengeti Plains, home to many of the continent's most iconic animals. Climbing Kilimanjaro is possible along a variety of climbing route, which most people do on a guided tour.
●Distance：35-46 miles depending on the route
●Duration：6-9 days
●Best time: dry season（July-September）
●Highlights: Mount Kilimanjaro, the Serengeti, iconic wildlife, from savannah to snow
Inca Trail, Peru
One of the most famous and best multi-day hikes in the world, the Inca Trail climbs to one of the planet's greatest sights. You'll walk through jungle scenery and past centuries-old ruins. Your efforts are rewarded with a sunrise over Machu Pichu, a truly once-in-a-lifetime experience.
●Distance：26 miles
●Duration：4 days
●Best time: summer (May-September)
●Highlights: sunrise, Andes mountain scenery, ancient Inca paths
Everest Base Camp, Nepal
While chances are slim that you'll ever stand on the top of Mount Everest, you can still get the Himalaya hiking experience by hiking to Everest Base Camp. This is a hike that anyone who hikes regularly can do. This is one of the world's greatest long-distance hikes that last less than one month.
●Distance: 38 miles
●Duration: l4 days
●Best time: March-May or September-November
●Highlights: local Sherpa culture, views of Mount Everest
1. Which mountain hike covers the longest distance
A. Everest Base Camp, Nepal. B. Inca Trail, Peru.
C. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. D. John Muir Trail, California, the USA.
2.Where can a hiker enjoy both a sunrise and ancient Inca paths
A. In the USA. B. In Tanzania. C. In Peru. D. In Nepal.
3.What do the four mountain hikes have in common
A. September is the best time to try any of them.
B. Perfect weather is surely guaranteed in summer.
C. Visitors are likely to enjoy wildlife and snow.
D. Tourists can experience rich local culture life.
二、
Why we forget
Remembering things is an important function of our brain-if we can't recall how to do something, we can't survive. If you think about it, there is so much we have to remember—from where we leave our car keys to how we walk. ①_____
Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when it is required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things
It may be because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time. When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later. ②_____ It is also possible that memories decline over time. If you don't perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it. This could be because our memory is full, or our short-term memory is easier to access.
③_____Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there This is called "The Doorway Effect". This occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about many different things.
So, if you have a mind like a sieve（筛子）, it could be because you have too much on your mind. But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it.④_____ That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.
However, forgetting is not always a bad thing！would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us. ⑤_____
A. That's something worth remembering!
B. Maybe it's no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful.
C. But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down.
D. If you don't have these connections, then it can be easier to forget.
E. However, it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved.
F. We also need some mental relaxation such as listening to some classical music.
G. Beyond our 50s, our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline.
三、
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ①_____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ②_____ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ③_____(address) the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ④_____(large) tea-producing country, China has a ⑤_____(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ⑥_____(share) future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ⑦_____ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
⑧_____(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ⑨_____(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ⑩_____(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
核心素养对接高考
【2023年山西太原模拟】Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of our country’s long-standing problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called The Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Lay's (乐事公司) at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in hot soapy water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether it’s single-serve or family-size. “The result is a sleeping bag that is waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around.” Oleita told The Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, it has created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are committed to making an impact not only socially, but also environmentally.” she said.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of salvaging bags that would otherwise be abandoned in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told www., “I think it’s time to show connections between these issues.”
1.What is the purpose of the Chip Bag Project
A. To make donations for the homeless.
B. To deal with garbage and sleeping bags.
C. To stop pollution caused by snack lovers.
D. To protect the environment and reduce poverty.
2.How does Oleita get materials for sleeping bags
A. By turning to chip eaters. B. By producing chip bags.
C. By purchasing snacks. D. By cooperating with the poor.
3.What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Oleita raises money by creating new sleeping bags.
B. Oleita hopes to gain a better life through the project.
C. Oleita and her fellows will continue pursuing their goal.
D. 110 sleeping bags were created by the Project in 2020.
4.Which of the following best describes Eradajere Oleita
A. Determined and honest. B. Ambitious and humorous.
C. Devoted and creative. D. Caring and dependent.
【2023年江西模拟】Children who spend more time playing adventurously have lower symptoms of anxiety and depression, and were happier, according to a new research.
A study led by the University of Exeter asked parents how often their children engaged in play that was “thrilling and exciting”, where they might experience some fear and uncertainty.
The study comes at a time when today’s children have fewer opportunities for adventurous play out of sight of adults, such as climbing trees, riding bikes or jumping from high surfaces. The study sought to test theories that adventurous play offers learning opportunities that help build resilience in children, thereby helping to prevent mental health problems.
The research team surveyed nearly 2,500 parents of children aged 5 — 11 years. Parents completed questions about their child’s play, their general mental health and their mood. The research was carried out with two groups of parents: a group of 427 parents living in Northern Ireland and a nationally representative group of 1,919 parents living in Great Britain.
Researchers found that children who spend more time playing outside had fewer “internalizing problems” — characterized as anxiety and depression. The study in the Great Britain group also found that the effect was more pronounced in children from lower-income families than those growing up in higher-income households.
Helen Dodd, a professor of Child Psychology at the University of Exeter, who led the study, said, “We now urgently need to invest in and protect natural spaces, well-designed parks and adventure playgrounds, to support the mental health of our children.”
Welcoming the findings, Jacqueline O’Loughlin, Chief Executive of PlayBoard NI, said, “It is clear from the research findings that playing, taking risks and experiencing excitement outdoors make positive contributions to children’s mental health and emotional well-being. The rewards of allowing children to self-regulate and manage challenge in their play are widespread and far-reaching. Adventurous play helps children to build the resilience needed to cope with and manage stress in challenging circumstances.”
1.What may be discovered in the study about adventurous play
A. It can improve children’s learning ability.
B. It can influence children’s mental health.
C. It may be fascinated by some children.
D. It may not be accepted by some parents.
2.How was the research conducted
A. By listing reasons. B. By conducting experiments.
C. By making questionnaires. D. By analyzing related studies.
3.What message does Jacqueline seem to convey in the text
A. Children need to manage stress properly.
B. Public avenues should be invested in urgently.
C. Adventurous play benefits children significantly.
D. Children should be rewarded for their self-regulation.
4.Which of the following could be the best title of the text
A. More challenges, less anxieties B. Be adventurous, you can make it
C. Be self-regulated, you can’t get sick D. The more outdoor plays, the happier
【2023年山西太原模拟】
Building with Nature in Mind
In 2017, a new series of California laws was passed to make accessory dwelling units (ADUs) (可租赁附加住宅) easier to build. ①_______.
Working with nature
Designed by her sister, architect Isabelle Duvivier, the ADU develops as a case study in the efficient use of space and a thoughtful approach to preserving tree canopy (树冠).
“We are losing our tree canopy due to development,” said Duvivier who serves on the city’s Community Forest Advisory Committee. “It’s OK to build, but build with nature. ②_______.”
Using space creatively
The ADU conceived by Duvivier was completed in 2019, including pavers, landscaping, fencing and an attached garage. ③_______. “We had to cut the tree back slowly, and then when we were finally ready to build, we gave it a good trim. Now it adds to the beauty of her yard,” Duvivier said. The Chinese elm (榆树) also helps the ADU, which is airy and bright, thanks to its southern exposure and its high ceilings that make the inside feel larger than its floor plan.
④_______
Arnoult didn’t want to disturb her neighbor, so Duvivier designed the building with privacy in mind. Another environmentally friendly touch by Duvivier is the addition of a 400-gallon cistern located behind the house so that her sister can use reclaimed rainwater to water the lush landscape.
The ADU’s layout
The unit has two small bedrooms upstairs, including one with a half wall that overlooks the living area. ⑤_______. Oversize French doors let more sunshine in and provide easy access to a private patio and garden.
A. Tackling neighbors’ problems with water supply
B. Trees provide shade, clean the air, collect rainwater and connect us to nature
C. Downstairs, there is a bathroom, laundry and a kitchen, which opens onto the living room
D. Addressing privacy concerns and reclaiming rainwater
E. Despite having two stories, the ADU seems smaller in contrast to an enormous Chinese elm
F. The tree also enhances the ADU thanks to its southern exposure and its high ceilings
G. Arnoult decided to withdraw her retirement funds and build a 650-square-foot income property (收益性住宅) in her backyard.
答案以及解析
【例题】
一、
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。结合文中讲述的四个项目的远足里程可知，四个山地远足项目里程分别是“211 miles”“35-46 miles”“26miles”“38miles”，“211 miles”为最远的里程，对应的项目为“John Muir Trail，California, the USA”,选项D符合题意,故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据“Inca Trail, Peru”项目中的“Highlights: sunrise, Andes mountain scenery, ancient Inca paths”(亮点：日出、安第斯山脉风景、古印加小路）可知，在秘鲁的远足项目中，远足者可以欣赏日出和古印加小路，选项C符合题意。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。结合四个山地远足项目的最佳时间可知，前两个都是July-September(7月至9月)，第三个是May-September(5月至9月),第四个是March-May or September-November(3月至5月或9月至11月)，因此9月份去参加四个项目中的任何一个都适合。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
二、
答案：①-⑤ BDCGA
解析：①根据上句可知，我们需要记住的事情太多，再结合第三段第一句及常识可以推知，有时遗忘某事并不奇怪。故B项符合语境。
②根据上句可知，当我们存储信息时，我们经常会与其他事物建立联系，这有助于我们在以后回忆起它。所以D项“如果你没有这些联系，你就可能更容易遗忘”符合语境。
③上一段最后一句提到了short-term memory，下文介绍了短暂性记忆，即“门口效应”的例子：走进房间去取东西，结果到了房间却忘了自己想找什么。据此可知，C项内容能承上启下，故C项正确。
④根据下句“That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.” 可知，这个时候我们患阿尔茨海默病的风险更大。据此可以推知，空处说明记忆力随着年龄增大减退的现象和原因，故G项正确。
⑤遗忘并非总是坏事，记住所有细节则会浪费认知资源，据此可知，这点值得记住。故A项正确。
三、
答案：①by ②the ③addressed ④largest ⑤responsibility ⑥shared ⑦and ⑧To strengthen ⑨inviting ⑩its
解析：①介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by..."由……命名"。
②冠词。此处指上文提到过的"the first International Tea Day", 故用定冠词"the"表示特指。
③谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的"took place"可知, 时态应一致; address"对......发表演说"与主语"chairman"构成主动关系。故填addressed。
④形容词的最高级。"tea-producing country"前应用形容词修饰, 提示词为形容词, 且空前有定冠词"the", 再结合常识可知, 应用形容词的最高级。
⑤名词。根据空前的不定冠词"a"可知, 此处填名词"responsibility"。
⑥形容词。根据空前的"a"和空后的名词"future"可知, 此处应用形容词, share与future为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式的形容词shared"共同的"。
⑦连词。根据句意可知, 此处意为"促进国际合作与文化交流", 故应用and。
⑧非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知, 空处应用不定式表示目的。
⑨非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词"included", 提示词与"the event"之间为逻辑上的主谓关系, 故空处用提示词"invite"的现在分词形式作状语。
⑩代词。"first exhibition"前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式, 故填is。
【2023年山西太原模拟】
1.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of our country's long-standing problems：garbage and poverty.It's called The Chip Bag Project.(Eradajere Oleita认为，对于我国两个长期存在的问题：垃圾和贫困，她可能有一个部分解决方案。它被称为薯片袋计划。)可知，薯片袋计划的目的是保护环境，减少贫困。故选D。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers：Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash，donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.（这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者向当地的零食爱好者请求帮助：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠出去，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。）可知，Oleita是通过向吃薯片者求助而获得睡袋的材料的。故选A。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中But that's only half the goal for Oleita-whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life-and her fellow volunteers.（但对于Oleita和她的志愿者同伴来说，这只是目标的一半，她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到了美国，希望过上更好的生活。）可知，Oleita和她的志愿者同伴将继续追求他们的目标。故选C。
4.答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中We are commied to making an impact not only socially，but also environmentally.（我们不仅致力于对社会产生影响，还致力于对环境产生影响。）以及最后一段中I think it's time to show connections between these issues.（我认为是时候展示这些问题之间的联系了。）可知，Eradajere Oleita把保护环境，减少贫困联系起来，致力于对社会和环境产生影响，所以她具备敬业精神和创造能力。A.Determined and honest有决心的和诚实的；B.ambitious and humorous有野心的和幽默的；C.Devoted and creative敬业的和有创造力的；D.Caring and dependent有爱心的和独立的。故选C。
【2023年江西模拟】
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Children who spend more time playing adventurously have lower symptoms of anxiety and depression，and were happier，according to a new research.（一项新研究表明，花更多时间玩冒险游戏的孩子焦虑和抑郁症状较低，而且更快乐）可知，关于冒险游戏的研究发现冒险游戏会影响儿童的心理健康。故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段The research team surveyed nearly 2，500 parents of children aged 5-11 years.Parents completed questions about their child's play，their general mental health and their mood.（研究小组调查了近2500名5-11岁孩子的父母。家长们填写了有关孩子玩耍、总体心理健康状况和情绪的问题）可知，研究通过问卷调查进行。A．By listing reasons.通过列举理由；B．By conducting experiments.通过进行实验；C．By making questionnaires.通过做调查问卷；D．By analyzing related studies.通过分析相关研究。故选C。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Welcoming the findings，Jacqueline O'Loughlin，Chief Executive of PlayBoard NI，said， "It is clear from the research findings that playing，taking risks and experiencing excitement outdoors make positive contributions to children's mental health and emotional well-being.The rewards of allowing children to self-regulate and manage challenge in their play are widespread and far-reaching.Adventurous play helps children to build the resilience needed to cope with and manage stress in challenging circumstances."（PlayBoard NI的首席执行官Jacqueline O 'Loughlin对这些发现表示欢迎，她说："从研究结果来看，很明显，在户外玩耍、冒险和体验兴奋对儿童的心理健康和情感健康有积极的贡献。允许孩子在游戏中自我调节和应对挑战的回报是广泛而深远的。冒险游戏可以帮助孩子们建立在充满挑战的环境中应对和管理压力所需的适应力。"）可推知，Jacqueline在文中似乎要传达的信息是冒险游戏对孩子有显著的好处。故选C。
4.答案：D
解析： 标题归纳题。根据倒数第三段Researchers found that children who spend more time playing outside had fewer "internalizing problems"—characterized as anxiety and depression.The study in the Great Britain group also found that the effect was more pronounced in children from lower-income families than those growing up in higher-income households.（研究人员发现，花更多时间在户外玩耍的孩子有更少的"内化问题"，其特征是焦虑和抑郁。英国小组的研究还发现，这种影响在低收入家庭的孩子身上比在高收入家庭长大的孩子更明显）结合文章介绍了研究开展的过程、研究的发现以及人们对此的看法。可知，D选项"户外游戏越多，越快乐"最符合文章标题。A．More challenges，less anxieties.更多挑战，更少焦虑；B．Be adventurous，you can make it大胆一点，你会成功的；C．Be self-regulated，you can't get sick.要自律，不能得病；D．The more outdoor plays，the happier.户外玩的越多越开心。故选D。
【2023年山西太原模拟】
答案：①-⑤GBEDC
解析：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是以自然为建筑理念来盖房子。
①空前说“In 2017, a new series of California laws was passed to make accessory dwelling units (ADUs) (可租赁附加住宅) easier to build.(2017年，加州通过了一系列新的法律，使附属住宅单元（ADU）更容易建造。)”，这说明有人可能会建这样的房子，下一段说“Designed by her sister, architect Isabelle Duvivier, the ADU develops as a case study in the efficient use of space and a thoughtful approach to preserving tree canopy (树冠).(ADU由她的姐姐、建筑师Isabelle Duvivier设计，它是有效利用空间和保护树冠的一种深思熟虑的方法。)”，说明有一个人要建这样的房子，G选项“Arnoult decided to withdraw her retirement funds and build a 650-square-foot income property (收益性住宅) in her backyard(Arnoult决定取出她的退休基金，在她的后院建造一个650平方英尺的收入物业)”说明了Arnoult要盖这样的房子，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
②空前说“We are losing our tree canopy due to development(由于开发，我们正在失去我们的树冠)”，“It’s OK to build, but build with nature(建筑是可以的，但要以自然为建筑理念)”，说明Duvivier是在强调树的重要性，B选项“Trees provide shade, clean the air, collect rainwater and connect us to nature(树木提供阴凉，净化空气，收集雨水，将我们与自然联系起来)”强调的是树的重要性，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
③空前说“The ADU conceived by Duvivier was completed in 2019, including pavers, landscaping, fencing and an attached garage.(由Duvivier构思的ADU于2019年完成，包括铺路石、景观美化、围栏和附属车库。)”，这是在描述由Duvivier构思的ADU是什么样子的，空格处应该接着描述，E选项“Despite having two stories, the ADU seems smaller in contrast to an enormous Chinese elm(尽管有两层楼，但与巨大的中国榆树相比，ADU似乎要小一些)”是对ADU的描述，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
④空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Arnoult didn’t want to disturb her neighbor, so Duvivier designed the building with privacy in mind. Another environmentally friendly touch by Duvivier is the addition of a 400-gallon cistern located behind the house so that her sister can use reclaimed rainwater to water the lush landscape. (Arnoult不想打扰她的邻居，所以Duvivier在设计这栋建筑时考虑到了隐私。Duvivier的另一个环保之处是在房子后面增加了一个400加仑的蓄水池，这样她的妹妹就可以使用回收的雨水来浇灌郁郁葱葱的景观。)”可知，本段主要讲的是ADU保护隐私的设置和回收雨水的环保设计，D选项“Addressing privacy concerns and reclaiming rainwater(解决隐私问题和回收雨水)”说明了ADU的两个设计，保护隐私和回收雨水，因此可概括本段内容，可作为小标题，故选D。
⑤空前说“The unit has two small bedrooms upstairs, including one with a half wall that overlooks the living area.(这套公寓在楼上有两间小卧室，其中一间带半墙，可以俯瞰起居区。)”，空后应该紧接着说楼下有什么，C选项“Downstairs, there is a bathroom, laundry and a kitchen, which opens onto the living room(楼下有一间浴室、洗衣房和一间通往客厅的厨房)”说明的是楼下有什么，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
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