牛津译林版（2019）必修第二册Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 期末复习敲重点 学案（含答案）

Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy —2023-2024学年高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册期末复习敲重点
学习目标整合
知识目标 有效地使用口语和书面语表达有关体育锻炼的内容；通过预测、阅读和听音频，获取文本主要信息和细节信息，培养获取文字信息的能力；理解被动语态在现在进行时和现在完成时中的应用。
能力目标 学会判断文章体裁，借助“思维导图”分析和理解文章结构；总结被动语态在现在进行时和现在完成时中应用的基本规律。
情感目标 赏析语篇，探讨其与单元主题意义的关联，推理和论证作者的写作目的及情感，理性表达自己的观点，加深对主题意义的理解。
思维导图回顾知识
重难知识易混易错
1. 现在进行时的被动语态
（1）现在进行时的被动语态的结构：
当把现在进行时的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，往往在be动词后加上一个being来体现现在进行时，然后再把动词的现在分词形式变成过去分词来表示被动，即：be (am/is/are) + being + done。
肯定结构 be (am/is/are) being done
否定结构 be (am/is/are)+ not + being done
一般疑问结构 be (am/is/are) +主语+being done
特殊疑问结构 特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+being done
（2）现在进行时的被动语态的用法：
①表示正在进行或发生的被动动作。
②表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。
③表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。
④表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always，forever，continually，constantly等词连用,往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感彩。
【注意】
主动语态变被动语态的原则：
“三变”：主语变为by短语，宾语变为主语，谓语由主动变为被动；
“三不变”：原句意思不变，原句时态不变，原句主谓宾以外的成分不变。
They are building nine parks. → Nine parks are being built by them.
2. 现在完成时的被动语态
（1）现在完成时的被动语态的构成：
现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has/have been done，使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。
（2）现在完成时的被动语态的含义：
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意思：
①动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
②主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。
（3）现在完成时的被动语态的用法：
①用于不知道动作的执行者是谁时。
②用于动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。
③用于可以说出动作的执行者，但动作的承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。
④用于动作的执行者不是人时。
⑤用于出于礼貌、委婉而避免提及自己或对方时。
（4）现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式：
肯定式 主语+have/has been done
否定式 主语+have/has not been done
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语+been done
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done
（5）现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态：
①只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years.（主动）
→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.（被动）
②带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
We have given him a book.（主动）
→He has been given a book.（被动）
→A book has been given to him.（被动）
③带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语成为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I found him lying on the floor.（主动）
→He was found lying on the floor.（被动）
【例题】
一、
My family and I belonged to a country club located across the street from the Long Island Sound. Each summer, the big attraction for us was the pool. I learned how to swim and joined the swimming team but was never really a good swimmer. However, swimming in my younger days was a way to keep cool, and swimming on a team gave me identity and a sense of belonging. It also became invaluable many years later.
Fast-forward(快进) to 1973—I was married, pregnant and had a home. What made our little home even more wonderful was when I discovered that four blocks away was Rath Park Pool! For the next 30 years, most of our summer days were spent around that pool. Each of my five kids took swimming lessons and learned all the different swimming strokes(姿势). They later joined the swim team and competed in meets. My daughter even became a lifeguard at the town pool. I sat back and happily took it all in!
As much as I would have liked to have life stand still, it doesn't. My children outgrew their pool days and moved on. But the pool was still four blocks from my home, so I began to take up swimming again. And it was far better than I ever could have imagined. I got so much out of it that I joined the local pool so I could swim year-round. Whenever I swam, I would always come out feeling physically and mentally refreshed. I often felt that if I looked hard enough, I would be able to see all of the worries and problems I've had in life, sitting at the bottom of the pool!
What has swimming taught me I've learned that balance is the key to being a good swimmer. If you are balanced in the water, you have no resistance. Working on staying balanced made me realise the similarities between life in and out of the swim lane(泳道). If you work on keeping yourself balanced, you will be able to swim right through the stress and problems life throws at you!
1.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 1
A. Her family taught her how to swim.
B. She swam with friends more often in summer.
C. Swimming brought her lifelong benefits.
D. She was elected to be the swim team captain.
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 imply
A. The author loved the pool days with her kids.
B. Swimming was losing its appeal to the author.
C. Her kids' winning competitions made her
D. The author preferred to have a peaceful life.
3.What did the author find after she took up swimming again
A. Sports can give you the courage to face difficulties.
B. She mastered more swimming skills than expected.
C. It enabled her to see how to handle problems in life.
D. Swimming made her remember her younger days.
4.What is the main idea of the article
A. The wonderful pool days with the author's family.
B. The influence of swimming on the author's life.
C. The physical and mental benefits of swimming.
D. The similarities between swimming and life.
二、
Among school, homework, sports, your after-school job, and hanging out with friends, you may feel like there's no time for healthy eating. And when you have time, you may simply eat snacks like potato chips. ①________ In fact, if you have a busy schedule, it's even more important to eat healthy foods that give you the energy you need to keep going.
②________ For example, you may feel hungry in a long afternoon of classes or during your swim meet. Knowing how much food your body needs to satisfy this hunger is important. A few walnuts(核桃) are great brain food before sitting down to do your math homework. ③________
Healthy snacks are important to you. During teenage years, the body needs more nutrients(养分) to grow. Snacking is a great way to satisfy your hunger and get all nutrients your body needs. ④________ Do not eat foods with lots of added sugar like candy bars or soda. That's because eating these foods may help you stop feeling hungry for a moment, but they are bad for your health in the long term.
Choosing healthy snacks means shopping smart. ⑤________ We may find "all natural" on the side of a package but it doesn't necessarily mean it's nutritious. For example, "all natural" juice drinks can be filled with sugar, which means they'll make you fat easily and give you little nutrition.
A. It's natural to feel hungry at certain times.
B. Healthy snacking doesn't have to be boring.
C. But you need to pay attention to what you eat.
D. If you're really feeling hungry, don't pay no attention to it.
E. But it is possible to treat yourself to a healthy snack.
F. But a whole bag only makes you put on weight easily!
G. Be careful of the health information on food packages.
三、
On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less ①_____ 30 minutes a day outdoors. David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah says that all this time ②_____(spend) with technology is making our brains ③_____(tire). So, it is important ④_____(give) the brain a rest. And a camping trip can help.
David Strayer ⑤_____(study) both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember much ⑥_____(well). However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the best. Camping teaches you to know your surroundings and to think about one thing at ⑦_____ time. It can show you how to take care of yourself in difficult situations, ⑧_____ can help to increase your confidence in your abilities.
So, it is wonderful to spend time ⑨_____(take) a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park. But camping requires that you spend more time in nature. People should expose themselves more ⑩_____(deep) in nature, and the health benefits can be deeper as well.
核心素养对接高考
【2022年新课标I卷】
As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
"Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
"We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump(泵送) a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
"The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility," Levine says. "We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all."
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
7. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
8. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
9.What does Levine's research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
10.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【2022年新课标II卷】
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner." One reason was: "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: "①_____" With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ②_____ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. ③_____ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ④_____
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ⑤_____ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【2023年湖北模拟】
Guide dogs offer social, physical and mental benefits for some people who are blind, ①_______ training them is an expensive and long process. As a result, researchers have created a robotic alternative.
Zhongyu Li at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues programmed ②_______ dog-like robot to guide people with a lead.
The researchers equipped an existing robot ③_______ a system to create an accurate map of its ④_______ (surrounding) and a camera that remains pointed at the person the robot is guiding, to determine their relative position.
Once ⑤_______ (give) a start point and an end point, the robot’s software generates a simple route with waypoints. It then calculates ⑥_______ (it) movements on the go, ⑦_______ (depend) on obstacles and the behavior of the person it is leading.
Rather than ⑧_______ (constant) pulling away, keeping the lead tight, the robot is programmed to let its lead go loose when turning in a small space. This allows the robot to more precisely control the path that the person being guided takes.
Unlike real guide dogs, ⑨_______ have to be trained individually, robot guide dog training is scalable (可规模化的). “As time ⑩_______ (go) by and the hardware becomes more affordable, we can actually use this kind of dog to serve humans.” Li says.
答案以及解析
【例题】
一、
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,游泳给作者带来了长期的益处,文中没有提及是谁教会作者游泳,A错误;每个夏天,作者都是和家人一起游泳,B错误;虽然作者参加了游泳队,但没有担任队长,相反,她并不是游泳高手,D错误。故选C。
2.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。上一段讲述了作者的孩子们也很热衷于游泳,可是孩子们慢慢长大后就不再游泳。这句话的意思是“尽管我很想让生活保持现状,但事实并非如此”,起到了承上启下的作用,表明了作者很享受之前和孩子们一起在泳池的日子,故选A。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者再次开始游泳时意识到保持好平衡就能解决生活中的问题,也就是使她能够看到如何解决生活中的问题。故选C。
4.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。这篇文章中,作者讲述了随着年龄的增长,游泳给她带来的乐趣和益处,最后升华到了对生活的感悟,所以整篇文章的主旨在于游泳对作者生活的影响,故选B。
二、
答案：EAFCG
解析：解读这是一篇说明文。文章说明了在整天忙于上学、做作业、运动、课外工作、跟朋友一起闲逛,似乎没有时间考虑健康饮食的情况下,如何做到健康饮食。
①细节句。上文讲在忙碌的生活中,你常常会感到没有时间健康饮食,即使有时间,也只吃点零食;而下文讲越是忙碌,越要注意吃健康的食物来获得必需的能量。所以空格处用E项(但让自己吃些健康的零食也是可能的)与上文形成转折关系。
②主题句。空后的For example, you may feel hungry in a long afternoon of classes or during your swim meet.中的hungry与A项中的feel hungry相呼应;in a long afternoon of classes or during your swim meet呼应了A项中的at certain times,所以选A。
③细节句。空格前一句A few walnuts are great brain food before sitting down to do your math homework.(坐下来做数学作业前吃几个对大脑很好的核桃)与F项(但一整袋只会让你容易发胖!)在语义上有转折关系。所以选F。
④细节句。空格前讲健康的营养丰富的零食很重要,与C项(但你要注意你吃的东西)之间有转折关系。此外,空格后句子Do not eat foods with lots of added sugar like candy bars or soda.与C项也呼应。故选C。
⑤细节句。空格后的package与G项中的packages相呼应,故选G。
三、
答案：①than②spent③tired④to give⑤has studied⑥better⑦a⑧which⑨taking⑩deeply
解析：①考查介词。根据空前的比较级less可知, 此处使用介词than。故填than。
②考查非谓语动词。time与spend之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用过去分词做定语。故填spent。
③考查形容词。本题考查"make+n.+adj."结构, 形容词在句中做宾语补足语。此处表示"感到疲惫的", 应使用-ed结尾的形容词。故填tired。
④考查非谓语动词。这里考查"It is+adj.+to do sth."结构, 句中it做形式主语, 真正的主语为不定式to give the brain a rest。故填to give。
⑤考查时态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 用现在完成时。故填has studied。
⑥考查比较级。根据空前的much和语境可知, 此处应用副词的比较级形式。故填better。
⑦考查冠词。句意: 露营教会你了解周围的环境, 一次只思考一件事。at a time一次, 为固定短语。故填a。
⑧考查定语从句。这里为非限制性定语从句, 用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。故填which。
⑨考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填taking。
⑩考查副词。修饰动词expose用副词, 此处表示抽象概念, 应使用deeply。故填deeply。
【2022年新课标I卷】
1.答案：D
解析：理解具体信息题干问的是"Levine想通过提到橡皮筋来解释什么 "。根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的第二段。根据第二段Dr. Ben Levine 的话"Think of a rubber band...happens to the heart"可知，想想橡皮筋，一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干，很容易断裂，这也是心脏会发生的变化。由此可知，Levine想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D项。
2.答案：C
解析：理解具体信息题干问的是"就研究设计而言，两组在哪个方面有差异？"根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段中的"The first group...more days a week"可知，第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练，第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。由此可知，两组在研究设计上的差异是运动类型不同，故选C项。
3.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息题干问的是"Levine的研究发现了什么？"。根据第三段中的"The second group...in heart health"可知，第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。再根据第四段中的"We took these...35-year-old hearts"可知，我们使这些50岁的心脏回到30或35岁的心脏的状态。由此可知，Levine的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A项。
4.答案：C
解析：推断题干问的是"Nieca Goldberg博士建议做什么？"。根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中的"But the study...the biggest difference"可知，但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。由此可知，Nieca Goldberg博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C项。
【2022年新课标II卷】
答案：CDBGF
解析：①根据空后一句"有一个健身伙伴, 你将会训练得更努力, 因为你们之间有一种微妙的竞争"可知, C项"如果你和别人一起训练, 你会更努力"符合语境。故选C。
②根据空后的问句"Or do you...and flexibility "可知, 空处也应是一般疑问句, 是对本段首句的进一步解释。由此可知, D项"你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为一名更好的运动员吗 "符合语境, 故选D。
③根据空后一句"如果你打算在健身房锻炼, 那个人(你的伙伴)一定得是同一个健身房的"可知, 空处内容应该与健身伙伴所在的位置有关。由此可知, B项"健身伙伴通常需要住在附近"符合语境, 故选B。
④空前介绍了作者的健身伙伴发布的寻找健身伙伴的帖子的内容。故空处也应与帖子内容有关。G项"任何寻找训练伙伴的通知都应包括这些信息"符合语境, 故选G。
⑤根据空前"你和你的伙伴可能有不同的技能"可推知, F项"接受你和健身伙伴之间的不同之处, 学会合作"符合语境, 故选F。
【2023年湖北模拟】
答案：①but②a③with④surroundings⑤given⑥its⑦depending⑧constantly⑨which⑩goes
解析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是机器导盲犬。
①考察的是连词。句子的中文翻译：导盲犬为一些盲人提供社交、身体和精神上的好处，但训练它们是一个昂贵而漫长的过程。由空前“Guide dogs offer social, physical and mental benefits for some people who are blind”和空后“training them is an expensive and long process”可知，前后是转折关系，空后没有逗号，用表示转折的but连接两句话，所以本题答案为but。
②考察的是冠词。句子的中文翻译：加州大学伯克利分校的Zhongyu Li和他的同事们设计了一个像狗一样的机器人，可以给人引路。robot是可数名词的单数，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，dog-like是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，所以本题答案为a。
③考察的是介词。句子的中文翻译：研究人员为现有的机器人配备了一个系统，可以创建周围环境的精确地图，并配备了一个摄像头，可以一直指向机器人所引导的人，以确定他们的相对位置。equip sth. with sth.意为“给某物配备某物”，固定短语。所以本题答案为with。
④考察的是名词的复数。句子的中文翻译：研究人员为现有的机器人配备了一个系统，可以创建周围环境的精确地图，并配备了一个摄像头，可以一直指向机器人所引导的人，以确定他们的相对位置。空处应填名词作宾语，surrounding“环境”常用复数形式。所以本题答案为surroundings。
⑤考察的是时态，语态和省略。句子的中文翻译：一旦给定了起点和终点，机器人的软件就会生成一条带有落点的简单路线。once引导的句子意为“一旦机器人的软件被给定了起点和终点”，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，且软件是被给起点和终点，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，即once the robot’s software is given a start point and an end point，主句主语和从句主语相同，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，所以本题答案为given。所以本题答案为given。
⑥考察的是物主代词。句子的中文翻译：然后，它根据障碍物和它所引导的人的行为，计算自己在行进中的动作。it和movements之间是所属关系，用形容词性物主代词its修饰movements，所以本题答案为its。
⑦考察的是非谓语动词。句子的中文翻译：然后，它根据障碍物和它所引导的人的行为，计算自己在行进中的动作。句中已有谓语动词calculates，故空处应填非谓语动词，depend on和逻辑主语it之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，所以本题答案为depending。
⑧考察的是副词。句子的中文翻译：机器人不是不断地拉开，保持引线紧绷，而是在小空间转弯时让引线松开。修饰动词短语pulling away要用副词constantly，意为“不断地”，所以本题答案为constantly。
⑨考察的是定语从句。句子的中文翻译：与必须单独训练的真正导盲犬不同，机器人导盲犬的训练是可规模化的。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词real guide dogs是动物，因此空格处用which引导定语从句，所以本题答案为which。
⑩考察的是时态和固定短语。句子的中文翻译：随着时间的推移，硬件变得越来越便宜，我们实际上可以用这种狗来为人类服务。空处为时间状语的谓语动词，由can可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语time不可数，所以本题答案为goes，所以本题答案为goes。
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