人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and scientist Reading and Thinking课件（共38张ppt，内镶嵌视频）

(共38张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。
——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 &利奥波德·英费尔德
Are you familiar with these situations
measure body temperature
测量体温
stay at home/put in quarantine/ kw r nti n/
居家隔离
receive nucleic/nju kle k/ acid tests
核酸检测
get vaccinated/ v ks ne t/
接种疫苗
Positive measures are taken to fight against Covid-19.
What other kinds of epidemics do you know
John Snow Defeated “King Cholera”
bird-flu（禽流感）
malaria（疟疾）
plague（鼠疫）
Ebola(埃博拉)
John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was a British physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene.
约翰·斯诺(1813年3月15日- 1858年6月16日)，英国内科医生，麻醉和医疗卫生的领导者。
John Snow
Video Time
Video Time
Pre-reading
1. Who was John Snow
2. What is King Cholera
3. How did John Snow defeat King Cholera
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Who
How
What
Pre-reading
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Who
How
What
The text is mainly about ____________ and _______ he defeated king cholera.
how
John Snow
scientific research

Discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups and put them in the correct order.
Stages of Scientific Research
1. find a problem
2.
4.
3.
5.
6.
7. draw a conclusion
collect data
ask a question
find supporting evidence
analyze the results
think of a method
How did Snow defeat cholera
Para1
Para 2
Para 4
Para 5
John Snow desire to destroy cholera.
He decided to prove the second theory was correct.
John began his study by marking on the map .
Finally，he found out the truth of infection of cholera.
John Snow ‘s great contributions .
Para 3
Read passage quickly and match the main ideas.
Para 1
Research background
2. Why was the disease called “”King Cholera
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
expert/experienced/knowledgeable
deadly
uncontrollable
“King”
1. Who is John Snow
Put the seven research stages in order.
analyze the results
ask a question
collect data
think of a method
find a problem
find supporting evidence
draw a conclusion
Para 2&3 :
Para.2 & 3：Find the seven stages
Para.2
Stage 1 find a problem
contradictory
to agree with or support an opinion, a theory, etc.
proof
subscribe to
Para.2
Stage 2 ask a question
investigate
determined
to carefully examine the facts or find out the truth or how it happened
Para.2 & 3：Find the seven stages
Para.3
Stage 3 think of a method
mark
exact
Para.2 & 3：Find the seven stages
Para.3
Stage 4 collect data
Para.2 & 3：Find the seven stages
Para.3
Stage 5 analyze the results
multiple
However
no deaths
the water pump was to blame
suspect
Para.2 & 3：Find the seven stages
Para.3
Stage 6 find supporting evidence
What’s more
Para.2 & 3：Find the seven stages
Para.3
Stage 7 draw a conclusion
As a result of this evidence,...
announce
Para.2 & 3：Find the seven stages
Snow had the_______ of the pump removed.
E
Para.2 & 3：Read for detailed information
It was believed that cholera was caused by _______ or germs in _____________.
A
Snow __________
_______the places where people who
_____ had lived.
B
bad air
food or water
marked on
died
The pump water carried____________.
D
cholera germs
handle
a map
Steps in the research
Many deaths occurred
near the __________
in Broad Street.
Some people _______
drunk the water from
the pump, and lived.
A woman and her
daughter died in another part of London after ____________ ______________.
C
water pump
had not
from the pump
drinking water
Snow had the_______ of the pump removed.
E
It was believed that cholera was caused by _______ or germs in _____________.
A
Snow __________
_______the places where people who
_____ had lived.
B
bad air
food or water
marked on
died
Many deaths occurred
near the __________
in Broad Street.
Some people _______
drunk the water from
the pump, and lived.
A woman and her
daughter died in another part of London after ____________ ______________.
C
water pump
had not
from the pump
The pump water carried____________.
D
cholera germs
handle
a map
Research method
theories
process
evidence
conclusion
solution
drinking water
Para.2 & 3：Read for detailed information
1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London
A. Bad air B. Water infected by raw waste
C. Polluted air D. Water polluted by the air
2.Why was John Snow called the father of modern epidemiology
He helped people know how to prevent cholera.
He transformed the way scientists study diseases
in use of map and statistics.
Para.4& 5：Read for detailed information
What qualities and scientific spirits do they have in common
strong sense of social responsibility
knowledgeable
courage to face difficulties
committed
critical thinking
creativity
questioning mind
care for life
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
宾语从句
Para 1
宾语
同位语
时间状语从句
“令人恐惧的”
“变得沮丧”
原因状语从句
“随着时间的推移”
“升迁”
rise-rose-risen
“照顾；照料”
the desire to do “做...的愿望”
教材原句2 In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。
in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。
in time及时；终于；迟早作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth. 或to do sth. 。
(1)You will succeed in time ，as long as you don’t give up.
只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。
(2)The doctor came in time (save) his life.医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。
(3)Lucky for him，he was just in time the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。
to save
for
教材原句1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat Cholera.作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
句式分析：
句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to nd out why.
Para 2
“一般说来”
宾语从句
后置定语
表语从句
表语从句
“同意;赞同”
时间状语从句
“袭击；攻击”
a hit song
It hits sb that...
很火/热门歌曲
“如此...以至于”，结果状语从句
宾语从句
“下定决心干某事”
“因此”
某人突然想到
教材原句 3 One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。
句式分析：本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用
翻译：我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室(three-bedroom)的房子。
My dream was __________________________________________.
that I could have a three-bedroom house in that city
句式分析：本句是复合句, 其中discovered后跟_____引导的________。在宾语从句中, 含有_________引导的________________。
结果状语从句
that
宾语从句
so…that….
教材原句 4 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
3. It is so busy a day that we don’t go swimming.
主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home.
2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out.
主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
I have made so many mistakes that I must stay at home to reflect on them.
The shirt cost so much that I did not want to take it.
What a pity! We have got so little money that we can not eat at restaurants.
当“so＋形容词/副词”及such... 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
So afraid was he in the darkness that he didn’t dare to move an inch.
在黑暗中，他太害怕了，一步也不敢动。
Such a difficult question did I find it is that I can’t work it out.
我发现这个题太难，我算不出。
So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling
这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖
完成句子
He _________________he accepted her invitation.
他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
It_______________that I’d like to go there again.
这个露营地点如此好，以至于我想再去一次。
There_________________ that the host felt sad.
宾客如此之少，主人为此感到伤心。
It is _________________ that I can’t lift it.
这个箱子如此重以至于我提不起来。
is so good a camping spot
were so few guests
such a heavy box
was so foolish that
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
Para 3
by+doing “通过...方式”
定语从句
“因而”，连接两个并列的谓语
宾语从句
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Para 3
表语从句
“似乎...”
“have sth done”
宾语从句
“因此”
目的状语从句
have my hair cut
have the problem fixed
教材原句 5 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. 斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。
句式分析：where引导定语从句，先行词为_____，where在定语从句中做______；who引导定语从句，先行词为_______，who在从句中作_____。
主语
places
状语
those
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump
so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
have sth. done
结构
so….that 引导结果状语从句
It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句
教材原句6 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以每天都让人送到她家去。
It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句.b常用于该句型结构有：
It seemed that...(看上去) It happened that …(碰巧)
It turned out that …(证明是) It appeared that...(显得)
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法有以下几种：
have sb. /sth. doing 让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义)
have sb. do 让某人做某事（省略to）
have sth. done 让/请别人做某事；遭受到
___________________we were wrong. 结果证明我们错了。
_______________________he was out that day. 碰巧他那天出去了。
They had the car ___________(run)all the way.
She had planned to have her daughter_______ (marry) Laurie.
As we left we had a photograph _________(take)together.
It happened that
It turned out that
marry
running
taken
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water
Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology
Para.4&5
教材原句7 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，霍乱对世界各地的威胁大幅减少。
句式分析 ：
“the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease”是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。“无生命的名词＋see/find/witness…”意为“……经历、发生、见证、目睹某事”。有些动词，如see, find, witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。
________________________________．自1990年以来，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
________________________________________.二十世纪经历了两次世界大战。
完成句子
(1)________________ the improvement of people’s life.这棵老树见证了人们的生活得到了改善。
(2)________________him wandering alone in the evening.傍晚，他独自一人在寂静的街道上徘徊。
英译汉
(3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city.
_______________________________________
(4)The street light found the girl crying.______________________________________
The old tree has seen
The quiet street found
过去十年我们的城市发生了巨大的变化
街灯下那个女孩在哭
The city has seen great changes since 1990
The twentieth century witnessed two world wars
During those times, music can help you in the same way_________________it helped me.
在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。
He found a way ___________led to success. 他找到了一条通向成功的路。
The way_____________he told me sounds ridiculous, but I will give it a try.
他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑，但我要试一试。
教材原句8 Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【句式剖析】
本句是主从复合句“scientists study diseases”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the way”。
在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况：
(1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in which，that或省略。
(2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which。
(3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that, which或省略。
which/that
that/in which/省略
that/which/省略