高二英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When does the man probably want to return the clothes
A. On November, 8th. B. On November 15th. C. On November 22nd.
2. What does Ivan often do
A. He tidies up the dormitory. B. He argues with his roommates.
C. He talks aloud on the phone.
3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and employee. B. Doctor and patient. C. Husband and wife.
4. What is Olivia doing at present
A. Answering a phone. B. Attending a conference. C. Meeting a customer.
5. What will the speakers do
A. Visit the museum. B. Go to the movie theater. C. Do a science experiment.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分， 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What kind of room does the man want to reserve
A. A business suite. B. A double room. C. A single room.
7. When will the man leave the hotel
A. On October 14th. B. On October 17th. C. On October 18th.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. How many years of sales experience does the man have
A. Two. B. Three. C. Eight.
9 What did the man do in Forest
A. He created a new department. ‘ B. He increased the sales in the southeast area.
C. He made a new sales record in three months.
10. What is the most important for a good result according to the man
A. Others’ help. B. Hard work. C. Manners.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. What is the conversation mainly talking about
A. Taking notes. B. Choosing courses. C. Buying second-hand books.
12. How much will the woman pay in total
A. $14. B. $31. C. $40.
13. Why does the woman buy Introduction to Gourmet Cooking
A. She buys it for her friend. B. She likes cooking very much.
C. Her father is learning cooking recently.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. When does the man need to band in his application
A. As soon as the term starts. B. In two months after the term starts.
C. In two months before the term starts.
15. What can students use I-20 to apply for
A. A scholarship. B. A visa. C. A bank loan.
16. How can the man apply for the program
A. By filling in the application online. B. By going to the center.
C. By calling the center.
17. What should the man send to the center
A. His grades. B. A sponsorship form. C. Information about his background.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18. How many kids were there in the research
A. 10. B. 14. C. 400.
19. How long did most kids spend on the screen every day in this study
A. Less than 5 hours. B. About 5 hours. C. More than 5 hours.
20. What does the speaker suggest in the end
A. Parents shouldn’t buy mobile phones. B. Students should reduce their time on the screen.
C. Parents should communicate with children frequently.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
We’ve been helping billions of people worldwide continue to learn, adapt and grow for over a decade. But during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), the risks are higher than ever. Every dollar contributed enables us to create up-to-date, authoritative guides on the topics people want to know and keep providing high-quality how-to help for people like you.
Frequency:
There are two options for you to contribute. If you choose one time the following amounts are offered: $12, $24, $60 and $100. If you choose to contribute monthly, the following amounts can be determined: $2, $5, $8 and $15.
Your contributions help us to:
·Recruit (招募) doctors and mental health professionals to offer guidance on how to stay safe and well during the COVID-19 pandemic;
·Cooperate with financial planners to help readers manage economic uncertainty;
·Develop rich content designed to educate people on some social matters;
·Continue the work of developing our resources and platform to provide access to easy-to-follow instructions for people worldwide.
Readers like you can empower wikiHow to create in-depth articles matched with pictures, various videos and share our trusted brand of instructional content with millions of people worldwide. Your contribution does not make up a charitable donation. It’ll allow wikiHow to continue bringing useful information in our pursuit of helping anyone to learn how to do anything.
If you have questions about making a contribution, or if you’d like to manage or pause your contributions, please reach out to us at support@.
1. What is the purpose of the contribution
A. To employ some financial planners. B. To collect some volunteer doctors.
C. To help those with mental diseases. D. To develop the resources and contents.
2. What do we know about the process of making a contribution
A. Different approaches of payment are ready.
B. The contribution is made on a voluntary basis.
C. Only readers are accessible to the contribution.
D. The contribution is part of a charitable donation.
3. Which of the following launched the contribution
A. A magazine. B. A charity. C. A website. D. A newspaper.
B
Jill stared at the wall sadly. Pedro, her lab mate, hesitated before whispering, “Jill, what’s up ” Jill opened her mouth slowly and answered, “Nothing, thanks!” She slowly turned back to her computer, leaving Pedro puzzled.
Originally from Argentina, Pedro spent the first 2 years of his Ph. D. in Germany before his adviser moved the lab to the United States. Jill is new in the lab. Until now, she seemed like the most easygoing person he could imagine. And then Pedro decided to invite her to have tea together outside. Sitting in a quiet corner of their busy campus, Pedro realized what had happened to Jill.
Jill had been busy writing an application for her first research grant. She wanted to get some feedback from her adviser. She was happy when she got the draft back, but she didn’t like what she saw—15 pages full of pure criticism.
Pedro fell silent and wondered how to approach the situation. Finally, he turned to Jill and said, “When I worked in his lab at first, I secretly called him Mr. Ice Age. But now I consider him to be kind-hearted. His character is upright and he cares about his lab members. When he gives feedback, he’s direct, which is a cultural thing. He grew up in Germany, where the cultural standards around criticism are different.”
Pedro went on to talk about how he felt after moving here. The Americans and Germans approached work discussions similarly by using a direct approach. However, things sometimes began to diverge when it came to negative feedback. For him, the biggest challenge at the beginning of graduate school was the lack of personal connection. “When I first met the boss, he just told me about the project and wished me good luck. That was it.”
“I did my Ph. D. in Spain. On the first day, we had a huge brunch together to celebrate my arrival.” Jill told him. Pedro smiled. “That is what we would do in my home country as well.” “They do it different everywhere, don’t they ” “Yes, they do,” answered Pedro.
4. Why did Jill feel sad according to the text
A. Her application was refused. B. She made mistakes in her research.
C. She was criticized for her application. D. She lacked confidence in her research.
5. What can we learn about Jill’s adviser from the text
A. He likes to find fault with his students.
B. He is good at correcting others’ mistakes.
C. He is an upright but mean professor.
D. He is direct about his lab members’ problems.
6. What does the underlined word “diverged” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Extend. B. Differ. C. Improve. D. Pause.
7. What might Jill come to realize at last
A. The cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings.
B. Everyone should work to understand one another better.
C. Communication is always influenced by people’s attitude.
D. Culture shock is beneficial to the development in science.
C
It was the American sitcom that influenced a generation. The six stars of Friends went their separate ways after 237 episodes and a decade together as flatmates, sharing their lives, loves and careers in a New York apartment.
“Friends had a huge influence on American TV history”, said Steve Beverly, professor of communication arts. “This group of six reflected what people their age experienced in their daily lives, so viewers could understand them easily.”
We all wanted a life like theirs——the cool New York flat with table football and easy chairs, and the social circle of beautiful, supportive friends. We also wanted to drink endless coffee, which was one example of how the show changed our lives. Even the haircut of Rachel——one of the six——was copied by millions of women.
The show has been credited with influencing how many of us speak. Researchers analysed every episode to explore whether popular culture influenced how we speak. Before the show, people usually put very or really before an adjective. On Friends, they used so. “This guy is so cool,” they said, and now we all say it.
The show enjoyed a huge increase in ratings after the 11 September terrorist attacks, as sad New Yorkers struggled to make sense of the real horrors that had unfolded around them. In the show, they sought the return of a feel-good factor, according to Robert Thompson, professor of television and popular culture. “Friends is set not in the real New York, but in the fantasy New York where everybody leaves their doors unlocked and people don’t fly planes into buildings,” he said.
Friends is more than just a sitcom; it’s a way of life. Our attitudes to the Friends’ lives is a mixture of envy—— ‘How do they get to sit on sofas all day drinking coffee ——” and disdain: “Don’t they have anything better to do with their time, like earn a living to pay for that Manhattan apartment ” Anyway, although Friends came to an end long ago, it will last forever.
8. According to Steve Beverly, why did many people like Friends？
A. Because its actors were very attractive.
B. Because it was the first American sitcom.
C. Because it described American dream life.
D. Because viewers could relate to its characters.
9. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Researchers’ interest in the show.
B. The show’s influence on language.
C. The relation between the show and culture.
D. The way the show’s characters use adjectives.
10. What do we know about the show after 9/11
A. It helped people face terrorist attacks. B. It stopped being set in New York.
C. It provided people with comfort. D. It attracted fewer viewers.
11. When you show disdain for something, you_______.
A. have no respect for it B. pay no attention to it
C. are curious about it D. are surprised at it
D
A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants.
Without these winged helpers, some traveling thousands of miles, coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee. That’s important for the $26 billion coffee industry — including consumers, farmers, and corporations who depend on nature’s unpaid labor — but the research goes beyond that.
The study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to show, using real-world experiments at 30 coffee farms, that the contributions of nature — in this case, bee pollination combined with pest (害虫) control by birds — are larger than their individual contributions.
“Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing,” says lead expert Alejandra. “But nature is an interacting system, full of important synergies (协同). We show the ecological and economic importance of these interactions in one of the first experiments in actual farms.”
For the experiment, researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity — key factors in quality and price — were greater than their individual effects, the study shows.
“Birds, bees, and millions of other species support our lives and livelihoods, but face threats like habitat destruction and climate change,” says Alejandra. “One important reason we measure these contributions is to help protect the many species that we depend on, and sometimes take for granted.”
12. What does the new research focus on
A. Ways to increase coffee production.
B. Winged helpers’ effects on coffee plants.
C. Factors affecting coffee plants’ pollination.
D The importance of pest control on coffee plants.
13. Which of the following is a major boost to the coffee industry
A. High-quality service. B. Government intervention.
C. Expanding investment. D. Maintaining biodiversity.
14. How did the researchers conduct the tests according to paragraph 5
A. By introducing a concept. B. By making comparisons.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By referring to a previous study.
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Advertisement. B. Health. C. Science. D. Travel.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Makes Art Valuable
Why do people buy art An even bigger question is, why do people pay tens of millions of dollars to own art Is it for status, prestige(威望), and approval from peers One thing to remember is that value isn’t only linked to its artist quality.____16____
Provenance
In the art world, an artwork’s value can be the result of provenance. In other words, who has owned the painting in the past.____17____The masterpiece went from a value of less than $10,000 when David Rockefeller first owned it, to upwards of $72 million when it was later sold by Sotheby’s.
The Thrill of Auction(拍卖)
The salerooms at Christie’s or Sotheby’s are full of billionaires—or better yet, their advisors.____18____They know when to bump up a lot and when to slightly tip the scales. They’re running the show and it’s their job to make sure the highest bidder(出价者)has a shot and that values soar.
Historical Significance
Historical significance works in a couple of ways when it comes to determining the value of art. Firstly, you can consider the piece in terms of its importance to art history in its genre. For example, a painting by Claude Monet is worth more than other more recent impressionist work since Monet changed the standard of art history and impressionism as a whole.____19____After all, art is often a reflection of the culture of its time and as it became a product, art was affected by political and historical changes.
____20____Whether in a perfect storm of passion and desire or a calculated risk of business deals and rewards, art collectors continue to spend millions upon millions each year at art auctions. What makes art valuable beyond the cost of supplies and labor We may never truly understand.
A. World history also affects the value of art.
B. It’s interesting to explore what makes art valuable.
C. It seems as though all of these factors combine to determine the value of art.
D. Auctioneers are skilled salesmen who help raise those prices up and up and up.
E. It’s obvious that changes in polities have a historical effect on the value of art to different people.
F. For instance, art describing beautiful women tends to be sold for higher prices than that of beautiful men.
G. For example, Mark Rothko’s White Center was owned by the Rockefeller family, one of America’s most powerful dynasties.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush. Laws once ___21___ such practices are being changed, as rural communities begin taking a role in forest management.
In thinner forested areas, larger animals feeding on plants were found to be ___22___ in reducing forest fire risk. Smaller animals like goats and sheep are good for areas that lack natural predators (天敌). The eating ___23___ of these smaller animals make them perfect for ___24___ woody bushes. They also eat things which larger animals can’t digest.
Even though a forest might look like a place of natural beautiful, beauty, ___25___ it’s no longer a natural ecosystem. When climate change regulations limited the shepherd’s ___26___ to work in woodlands, it was part of a continent-wide effort to fight against deforestation. The effort worked well, with total forest ___27___ in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s. Natural numbers of red deer and other ___28___ animals have disappeared. Therefore the ___29___ of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land, turning small fires into ____30____ ones.
Meanwhile, shepherds decided to write letters asking the government to ____31____ their animals to graze within the woods again. They also hoped to carry out a ____32____ project of rural areas, where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years ____33____ its way from the mountain tops to the sea. Their plan was to bring in more shepherds to better control the fires and ____34____ eco-tourism in the area. It makes sense that those most invested in the forests’ ____35____ would be worthwhile to save them, which goes for both the shepherds and the animals.
21. A. monitoring B. advising C. banning D. introducing
22. A. decisive B. effective C. proper D. relevant
23. A. habits B. routines C. paths D. challenges
24. A. cutting off B. helping out C. clearing away D. putting down
25. A. clearly B. gradually C. luckily D. actually
26. A. ability B. imagination C. desire D. risk
27. A. growth B. cover C. thickness D. quality
28. A. smart B. active C. native D. cautious
29. A. loss B. arrival C. choice D. disadvantage
30. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable C. unforgettable D. uncontrollable
31. A. support B. allow C. advise D. persuade
32. A. production B. creation C. restoration D. competition
33 A. burned B. picked C. blocked D. forced
34. A. vary B. reduce C. encourage D. spread
35. A. exploration B. location C. health D. survival
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese master carpenter, Wang Dewen, known as “Grandpa Amu” on social media, has been called the modern day Lu Ban, a famous Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks ___36___ his vast carpentry knowledge.
This time, he used beech wood and black walnut material and cut it into 32 pieces of wood, and then ___37___ (polish) it into radians (弧度) and chiseled (凿) different structures. When they fit together ___38___ (perfect), it became a football.
Its structure can be freely disassembled and assembled (组装) for play. It can’t be kicked around like a real football, but it is ___39___ (suit) for display as a craft or a toy or a gift.
The 65 year old grandfather ___40___ real name is Wang Dewen, is from Liaocheng, Shandong province. He started woodworking around the age of 10.
In 2017, the son of “Grandpa Amu” started a business in the field of short video. At the end of ___41___ following year, he volunteered ___42___ (make) a video of ___43___ (he) doing woodwork, and that’s when he started becoming an Internet celebrity.
Grandpa Amu has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. Among all the items, a ___44___ (walk) Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing toy are his grandson’s ____45____ (favor).
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的好朋友Jem喜欢读书，学校也大力提倡同学们多读。可是随着学业任务的增加，Jem发现自己找不到时间读书，他因此比较苦恼，发邮件向你求助。请你给他回一封邮件，提一些建议。内容包括：
1. 给予安慰；
2. 至少两条建议，并说明理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jem,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语段续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
To celebrate his girlfriend’s birthday, Luke Fortune drove from a small town in Central Oregon to Portland, where he parked his car in a paid garage overnight. The next morning, he discovered that the car’s window had been smashed, along with his dreams for the future: His backpack and computer were gone.
“Everything important to me was on that computer,” said Fortune, 21, who is studying to become a paramedic(护理人员). “My classwork, every paper I’d written, and all the programs I needed for my paramedic tests. Every letter I was working on for job applications. I felt sick.”
Two days after the theft, another young man was standing outside his apartment, also in Portland. Masoud Almazrouei, 29, is an exchange student from the United Arab Emirates. He had been approached by a man who said he had a computer for sale. Only $200. Almazrouei, who had been in the United States for only a year, admits now that he was naive(天真). But he needed a computer, so he bought it, took it home, and turned it on. Within seconds, he saw files and photographs.
“I wondered who would sell a computer with all of this on it,” he said. “I realized it could be stolen.” Almazrouei found what appeared to be the owner’s cellphone number and called it.
“This guy with a thick accent told me he had my computer,” Fortune said. “He told me the story and said it was his fault. I thought it was a scam(骗局). I told him if he really had the computer, he should take it to the police.”
Soon after, a police officer called Fortune to say that a man had dropped the computer off and had said he was sorry. He passed along the man’s number.
注意: 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
3.请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Fortune called and thanked Almazrouei and insisted on paying him a reward of $200, the money he was out.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A story about the two young men’s encounter(邂逅) made it to the local papers.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________高二英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When does the man probably want to return the clothes
A. On November, 8th. B. On November 15th. C. On November 22nd.
2. What does Ivan often do
A. He tidies up the dormitory. B. He argues with his roommates.
C. He talks aloud on the phone.
3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and employee. B. Doctor and patient. C. Husband and wife.
4 What is Olivia doing at present
A. Answering a phone. B. Attending a conference. C. Meeting a customer.
5. What will the speakers do
A. Visit the museum. B. Go to the movie theater. C. Do a science experiment.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分， 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What kind of room does the man want to reserve
A. A business suite. B. A double room. C. A single room.
7. When will the man leave the hotel
A. On October 14th. B. On October 17th. C. On October 18th.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. How many years of sales experience does the man have
A. Two. B. Three. C. Eight.
9. What did the man do in Forest
A. He created a new department. ‘ B. He increased the sales in the southeast area.
C. He made a new sales record in three months.
10. What is the most important for a good result according to the man
A. Others’ help. B. Hard work. C. Manners.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. What is the conversation mainly talking about
A. Taking notes. B. Choosing courses. C. Buying second-hand books.
12. How much will the woman pay in total
A. $14. B. $31. C. $40.
13. Why does the woman buy Introduction to Gourmet Cooking
A. She buys it for her friend. B. She likes cooking very much.
C Her father is learning cooking recently.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. When does the man need to band in his application
A. As soon as the term starts. B. In two months after the term starts.
C. In two months before the term starts.
15. What can students use I-20 to apply for
A. A scholarship. B. A visa. C. A bank loan.
16. How can the man apply for the program
A. By filling in the application online. B. By going to the center.
C. By calling the center.
17. What should the man send to the center
A. His grades. B. A sponsorship form. C. Information about his background.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18. How many kids were there in the research
A. 10. B. 14. C. 400.
19. How long did most kids spend on the screen every day in this study
A. Less than 5 hours. B. About 5 hours. C. More than 5 hours.
20. What does the speaker suggest in the end
A. Parents shouldn’t buy mobile phones. B. Students should reduce their time on the screen.
C. Parents should communicate with children frequently.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
We’ve been helping billions of people worldwide continue to learn, adapt and grow for over a decade. But during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病), the risks are higher than ever. Every dollar contributed enables us to create up-to-date, authoritative guides on the topics people want to know and keep providing high-quality how-to help for people like you.
Frequency:
There are two options for you to contribute. If you choose one time, the following amounts are offered: $12, $24, $60 and $100. If you choose to contribute monthly, the following amounts can be determined: $2, $5, $8 and $15.
Your contributions help us to:
·Recruit (招募) doctors and mental health professionals to offer guidance on how to stay safe and well during the COVID-19 pandemic;
·Cooperate with financial planners to help readers manage economic uncertainty;
·Develop rich content designed to educate people on some social matters;
·Continue the work of developing our resources and platform to provide access to easy-to-follow instructions for people worldwide.
Readers like you can empower wikiHow to create in-depth articles matched with pictures, various videos and share our trusted brand of instructional content with millions of people worldwide. Your contribution does not make up a charitable donation. It’ll allow wikiHow to continue bringing useful information in our pursuit of helping anyone to learn how to do anything.
If you have questions about making a contribution, or if you’d like to manage or pause your contributions, please reach out to us at support@.
1. What is the purpose of the contribution
A. To employ some financial planners. B. To collect some volunteer doctors.
C. To help those with mental diseases. D. To develop the resources and contents.
2. What do we know about the process of making a contribution
A. Different approaches of payment are ready.
B. The contribution is made on a voluntary basis.
C. Only readers are accessible to the contribution.
D. The contribution is part of a charitable donation.
3 Which of the following launched the contribution
A. A magazine. B. A charity. C. A website. D. A newspaper.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了网站wikiHow在网上公布的募捐内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Your contributions help us to部分的“Develop rich content designed to educate people on some social matters.(开发丰富的内容，旨在教育人们一些社会问题。)”以及“Continue the work of developing our resources and platform to provide access to easy-to-follow instructions for people worldwide.(继续开发我们的资源和平台，为世界各地的人们提供易于遵循的指导。)”可知，募集到的善款将用于开发更多的资源并丰富网站的内容。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you have questions about making a contribution, or if you’d like to manage or pause your contributions, please reach out to us at support@.(如果您对投稿有疑问，或者您想管理或暂停投稿，请通过support@联系我们。)”可知，如果想管理或暂停捐款，可以联系我们，由此之，此次募捐活动是自愿参加。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Every dollar contributed enables us to create up-to-date, authoritative guides on the topics people want to know and keep providing high-quality how-to help for people like you.(每一美元的捐款都使我们能够就人们想知道的话题创建最新的、权威的指南，并不断为像你这样的人提供高质量的如何帮助。)”、倒数第二段中的“Readers like you can empower wikiHow to create in-depth articles matched with pictures, various videos and share our trusted brand of instructional content with millions of people worldwide..(像你这样的读者可以授权wikiHow创建与图片、各种视频相匹配的深度文章，并与全世界数百万人分享我们值得信赖的教学内容品牌。)”和最后一段的“If you have questions about making a contribution, or if you’d like to manage or pause your contributions, please reach out to us at support@.(如果您对投稿有疑问，或者您想管理或暂停投稿，请通过support@联系我们。)”可推知，wikiHow是一个网站，它为了研发更多优质资源而发出募捐。故选C项。
B
Jill stared at the wall sadly. Pedro, her lab mate, hesitated before whispering, “Jill, what’s up ” Jill opened her mouth slowly and answered, “Nothing, thanks!” She slowly turned back to her computer, leaving Pedro puzzled.
Originally from Argentina, Pedro spent the first 2 years of his Ph. D. in Germany before his adviser moved the lab to the United States. Jill is new in the lab. Until now, she seemed like the most easygoing person he could imagine. And then Pedro decided to invite her to have tea together outside. Sitting in a quiet corner of their busy campus, Pedro realized what had happened to Jill.
Jill had been busy writing an application for her first research grant. She wanted to get some feedback from her adviser. She was happy when she got the draft back, but she didn’t like what she saw—15 pages full of pure criticism.
Pedro fell silent and wondered how to approach the situation. Finally, he turned to Jill and said, “When I worked in his lab at first, I secretly called him Mr. Ice Age. But now I consider him to be kind-hearted. His character is upright and he cares about his lab members. When he gives feedback, he’s direct, which is a cultural thing. He grew up in Germany, where the cultural standards around criticism are different.”
Pedro went on to talk about how he felt after moving here. The Americans and Germans approached work discussions similarly by using a direct approach. However, things sometimes began to diverge when it came to negative feedback. For him, the biggest challenge at the beginning of graduate school was the lack of personal connection. “When I first met the boss, he just told me about the project and wished me good luck. That was it.”
“I did my Ph. D. in Spain. On the first day, we had a huge brunch together to celebrate my arrival.” Jill told him. Pedro smiled. “That is what we would do in my home country as well.” “They do it different everywhere, don’t they ” “Yes, they do,” answered Pedro.
4. Why did Jill feel sad according to the text
A. Her application was refused. B. She made mistakes in her research.
C. She was criticized for her application. D. She lacked confidence in her research.
5. What can we learn about Jill’s adviser from the text
A. He likes to find fault with his students.
B. He is good at correcting others’ mistakes.
C. He is an upright but mean professor.
D. He is direct about his lab members’ problems.
6. What does the underlined word “diverged” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Extend. B. Differ. C. Improve. D. Pause.
7. What might Jill come to realize at last
A. The cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings.
B. Everyone should work to understand one another better.
C. Communication is always influenced by people’s attitude.
D. Culture shock is beneficial to the development in science.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了文化差异对在美国留学的西班牙学生吉尔的影响。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“She was happy when she got the draft back, but she didn’t like what she saw—15 pages full of pure criticism.(拿回草稿时，她很高兴，但她不喜欢她看到的东西——整整15页纯粹的批评。)”可知，吉尔(Jill)申请研究基金前把申请书给导师过目，在她那长达15页的申报书上，布满了导师的批评意见，这让她很难过。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“When he gives feedback, he’s direct, which is a cultural thing.(当他给出反馈时，他是直接的，这是一种文化。)”可知，吉尔的导师在德国长大，德国人会直接说出自己的不同观点甚至是批评，不会拐弯抹角。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段的“The Americans and Germans approached work discussions similarly by using a direct approach.(美国人和德国人在讨论工作时都采用直接的方式。)”可知，美国人与德国人在讨论工作时都是用直接的方式，而根据“However”可知，划线单词所在的句子意思应与however前的内容相反，所以however后的内容意思为“当涉及到负面反馈时，情况就不一样了”，所以该单词的意思为“不同”，与differ意思同义。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“He grew up in Germany, where the cultural standards around criticism are different.(他在德国长大，那里的批评文化标准不同。)”和最后一段的“They do it different everywhere, don’t they (各地的做法都不一样，不是吗？)”可知，吉尔最后会明白，她对导师的批评不理解，实际上是由于文化差异导致的。故选A项。
C
It was the American sitcom that influenced a generation. The six stars of Friends went their separate ways after 237 episodes and a decade together as flatmates, sharing their lives, loves and careers in a New York apartment.
“Friends had a huge influence on American TV history”, said Steve Beverly, professor of communication arts. “This group of six reflected what people their age experienced in their daily lives, so viewers could understand them easily.”
We all wanted a life like theirs——the cool New York flat with table football and easy chairs, and the social circle of beautiful, supportive friends. We also wanted to drink endless coffee, which was one example of how the show changed our lives. Even the haircut of Rachel——one of the six——was copied by millions of women.
The show has been credited with influencing how many of us speak. Researchers analysed every episode to explore whether popular culture influenced how we speak. Before the show, people usually put very or really before an adjective. On Friends, they used so. “This guy is so cool,” they said, and now we all say it.
The show enjoyed a huge increase in ratings after the 11 September terrorist attacks, as sad New Yorkers struggled to make sense of the real horrors that had unfolded around them. In the show, they sought the return of a feel-good factor, according to Robert Thompson, professor of television and popular culture. “Friends is set not in the real New York, but in the fantasy New York where everybody leaves their doors unlocked and people don’t fly planes into buildings,” he said.
Friends is more than just a sitcom; it’s a way of life. Our attitudes to the Friends’ lives is a mixture of envy—— ‘How do they get to sit on sofas all day drinking coffee ——” and disdain: “Don’t they have anything better to do with their time, like earn a living to pay for that Manhattan apartment ” Anyway, although Friends came to an end long ago, it will last forever.
8. According to Steve Beverly, why did many people like Friends？
A. Because its actors were very attractive.
B. Because it was the first American sitcom.
C. Because it described American dream life.
D. Because viewers could relate to its characters.
9. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Researchers’ interest in the show.
B. The show’s influence on language.
C. The relation between the show and culture.
D. The way the show’s characters use adjectives.
10. What do we know about the show after 9/11
A. It helped people face terrorist attacks. B. It stopped being set in New York.
C. It provided people with comfort. D. It attracted fewer viewers.
11. When you show disdain for something, you_______.
A. have no respect for it B. pay no attention to it
C. are curious about it D. are surprised at it
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了影响了一代美国人的情景喜剧---friends。许多人喜欢它是因为这个节目反映了他们的生活，影响了许多人的说话方式。尤其是在9.11事件后因为让人找到安慰而收视率上升。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。第二段““This group of six reflected what people their age experienced in their daily lives, so viewers could understand them easily.”(这组六个人反映了他们这个年龄段的人在日常生活中所经历的事情，所以观众很容易理解他们。”)”可知许多人喜欢他们是因为六人组合反射了他们同龄人在日常生活中的经历，而观众很容易地理解他们。Understand“理解”=relate to“了解，理解”。understand them（characters） easily.= relate to its characters.因此viewers could understand them easily.是对D选项“Because viewers could relate to its characters.(因为观众可以与剧中的角色产生共鸣。)”的转述。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“ The show has been credited with influencing how many of us speak.(这部剧被认为影响了我们很多人的说话方式。)”可知这部剧影响了许多人的说话，也就是对语言的影响。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The show enjoyed a huge increase in ratings after the 11 September terrorist attacks, as sad New Yorkers struggled to make sense of the real horrors that had unfolded around them. In the show, they sought the return of a feel-good factor, according to Robert Thompson, professor of television and popular culture. “Friends is set not in the real New York, but in the fantasy New York where everybody leaves their doors unlocked and people don’t fly planes into buildings,” he said.(911恐怖袭击后，这部剧的收视率大幅上升，因为悲伤的纽约人正在努力理解发生在他们身边的真实恐怖事件。电视和流行文化教授罗伯特·汤普森 (Robert Thompson)表示，在这部剧中，他们寻求的是一种感觉良好因素的回归。他说:“《老友记》的背景不是真实的纽约，而是幻想中的纽约。在那里，每个人都不锁门，也不会有人驾驶飞机撞楼。”)”可知这个表演收视率上升是由于人们在观看表演中感觉良好，即节目给他们提供了舒适感(comfort)。故选C。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Friends is more than just a sitcom; it’s a way of life. Our attitudes to the Friends’ lives is a mixture of envy—— ‘How do they get to sit on sofas all day drinking coffee ——” and disdain: “Don’t they have anything better to do with their time, like earn a living to pay for that Manhattan apartment ” Anyway, although Friends came to an end long ago, it will last forever.(《老友记》不仅仅是一部情景喜剧；这是一种生活方式。我们对《老友记》的生活充满了嫉妒——“他们怎么能整天坐在沙发上喝咖啡？”disdain:“他们的时间难道没有更好的事情可做吗，比如挣钱买曼哈顿的公寓？”不管怎样，虽然《老友记》早就结束了，但它将永远持续下去。)”可知从反问句中的反问语气可知这是一种轻蔑的语气，也就是“不尊重”的意思。故选A. have no respect for it(不尊重)符合题意。即当你对某事表示不屑时，你不尊重它。故选A。
D
A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants.
Without these winged helpers, some traveling thousands of miles, coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee. That’s important for the $26 billion coffee industry — including consumers, farmers, and corporations who depend on nature’s unpaid labor — but the research goes beyond that.
The study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to show, using real-world experiments at 30 coffee farms, that the contributions of nature — in this case, bee pollination combined with pest (害虫) control by birds — are larger than their individual contributions.
“Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing,” says lead expert Alejandra. “But nature is an interacting system, full of important synergies (协同). We show the ecological and economic importance of these interactions in one of the first experiments in actual farms.”
For the experiment, researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity — key factors in quality and price — were greater than their individual effects, the study shows.
“Birds, bees, and millions of other species support our lives and livelihoods, but face threats like habitat destruction and climate change,” says Alejandra. “One important reason we measure these contributions is to help protect the many species that we depend on, and sometimes take for granted.”
12. What does the new research focus on
A. Ways to increase coffee production.
B. Winged helpers’ effects on coffee plants.
C. Factors affecting coffee plants’ pollination.
D. The importance of pest control on coffee plants.
13. Which of the following is a major boost to the coffee industry
A. High-quality service. B. Government intervention.
C. Expanding investment. D. Maintaining biodiversity.
14. How did the researchers conduct the tests according to paragraph 5
A. By introducing a concept. B. By making comparisons.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By referring to a previous study.
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Advertisement. B. Health. C. Science. D. Travel.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Without these winged helpers, some traveling thousands of miles, coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee. That’s important for the $26 billion coffee industry — including consumers, farmers, and corporations who depend on nature’s unpaid labor — but the research goes beyond that. (如果没有这些带翅膀的帮手，有些需要长途跋涉数千英里，咖啡农的收成将下降25%，每英亩咖啡的损失约为1066美元。这对价值260亿美元的咖啡产业来说很重要——包括依赖大自然无偿劳动的消费者、农民和企业——但研究的范围不止于此)”可知，新研究关注的是长翅膀的帮手对咖啡树的影响。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing,” says lead expert Alejandra. (“到目前为止，研究人员通常单独计算自然的好处，然后简单地把它们加起来，这实际上低估了生物多样性对农业和人类福祉的好处，”首席专家Alejandra说)”可知，维护生物多样性是对咖啡产业的重大推动。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“For the experiment, researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity — key factors in quality and price — were greater than their individual effects, the study shows. (在实验中，研究人员在30个农场中处理咖啡植物，不包括鸟类和蜜蜂，同时使用大网和小袋子。他们测试了四种关键情况：只有鸟的活动，只有蜜蜂的活动，没有鸟或蜜蜂的活动，最后，一个自然环境，蜜蜂和鸟类可以自由授粉和吃昆虫，比如咖啡浆果蛀虫，这是影响全球咖啡生产的最具破坏性的害虫之一。研究显示，鸟类和蜜蜂对坐果率、果实重量和果实均匀度的综合积极影响——这些都是影响质量和价格的关键因素)”可知，研究人员通过对比进行测试的。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate (授粉) coffee plants. (一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富)”可知，这是一篇新研究。由此推知，文章也许选自报纸的科学版面。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Makes Art Valuable
Why do people buy art An even bigger question is, why do people pay tens of millions of dollars to own art Is it for status, prestige(威望), and approval from peers One thing to remember is that value isn’t only linked to its artist quality.____16____
Provenance
In the art world, an artwork’s value can be the result of provenance. In other words, who has owned the painting in the past.____17____The masterpiece went from a value of less than $10,000 when David Rockefeller first owned it, to upwards of $72 million when it was later sold by Sotheby’s.
The Thrill of Auction(拍卖)
The salerooms at Christie’s or Sotheby’s are full of billionaires—or better yet, their advisors.____18____They know when to bump up a lot and when to slightly tip the scales. They’re running the show and it’s their job to make sure the highest bidder(出价者)has a shot and that values soar.
Historical Significance
Historical significance works in a couple of ways when it comes to determining the value of art. Firstly, you can consider the piece in terms of its importance to art history in its genre. For example, a painting by Claude Monet is worth more than other more recent impressionist work since Monet changed the standard of art history and impressionism as a whole.____19____After all, art is often a reflection of the culture of its time and as it became a product, art was affected by political and historical changes.
____20____Whether in a perfect storm of passion and desire or a calculated risk of business deals and rewards, art collectors continue to spend millions upon millions each year at art auctions. What makes art valuable beyond the cost of supplies and labor We may never truly understand.
A. World history also affects the value of art.
B. It’s interesting to explore what makes art valuable.
C. It seems as though all of these factors combine to determine the value of art.
D. Auctioneers are skilled salesmen who help raise those prices up and up and up.
E. It’s obvious that changes in polities have a historical effect on the value of art to different people.
F. For instance, art describing beautiful women tends to be sold for higher prices than that of beautiful men.
G. For example, Mark Rothko’s White Center was owned by the Rockefeller family, one of America’s most powerful dynasties.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. D 19. E 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影响艺术价值的三个因素。
【16题详解】
上文“One thing to remember is that value isn’t only linked to its artist quality.”（需要记住的一点是，价值不仅与艺术家的素质有关。）提到了艺术价值不仅与艺术家的素质有关，空格处的句子应该是一个承上启下的句子，根据下面介绍的影响艺术价值的三个因素可知，空格处的句子的内容应该提到影响艺术价值的因素。而B项“It’s interesting to explore what makes art valuable.（探索是什么让艺术有价值是很有趣的）”填入空格处，可以引起下文，符合题意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据空格后的句子“The masterpiece went from a value of less than $10,000 when David Rockefeller first owned it, to upwards of $72 million when it was later sold by Sotheby’s.（大卫·洛克菲勒最初拥有它时，这幅杰作的价值不到1万美元，后来在苏富比售出时，价格已超过7200万美元）”和句中的the masterpiece可知，空格处的句子应该提到某一杰作。所以G项“For example, Mark Rothko’s White Center was owned by the Rockefeller family, one of America’s most powerful dynasties.（例如，马克·罗斯科的《白色中心》属于洛克菲勒家族——美国最强大的王朝之一）”填入空格处，和下文是顺接关系，符合题意。故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据该部分的主题“The Thrill of Auction（拍卖的刺激）”可知，该部分是说拍卖对艺术品价值的影响，所以空格处的句子也应该和拍卖有关；再由空格后的句子“They know when to bump up a lot and when to slightly tip the scales.（他们知道什么时候该大刀阔斧，什么时候该略微倾斜）”可知，句中的“他们”对艺术品价值有影响，句中的they指的是谁，空格处的句子应该提到。D项“Auctioneers are skilled salesmen who help raise those prices up and up and up.（拍卖师是熟练的推销员，他们帮助提高价格）”提到了拍卖的事，且下一句中的they就是指的D项中的Auctioneers。故选D项。
【19题详解】
根据空格后的句子“After all, art is often a reflection of the culture of its time and as it became a product, art was affected by political and historical changes.（毕竟，艺术往往是其时代文化的反映，当它成为一种产品时，艺术受到政治和历史变化的影响）”和句中的after all可知，空格后的句子是对空格处的句子进行解释——当它成为一种产品时，艺术受到政治和历史变化的影响。所以空格处的句子肯定应该提到政治和历史变化对艺术的影响。所以E项“It’s obvious that changes in polities have a historical effect on the value of art to different people.（很明显，政治变局对艺术于不同人群的价值产生了历史影响）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选E项。
【20题详解】
在最后一段，空格处的句子应该是一个总结性的句子。C项“It seems as though all of these factors combine to determine the value of art.（似乎所有这些因素共同决定了艺术的价值）”说是上面提到的这些因素共同决定了艺术的价值，总结了全文，符合题意。故选C项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush. Laws once ___21___ such practices are being changed, as rural communities begin taking a role in forest management.
In thinner forested areas, larger animals feeding on plants were found to be ___22___ in reducing forest fire risk. Smaller animals like goats and sheep are good for areas that lack natural predators (天敌). The eating ___23___ of these smaller animals make them perfect for ___24___ woody bushes. They also eat things which larger animals can’t digest.
Even though a forest might look like a place of natural beautiful, beauty, ___25___ it’s no longer a natural ecosystem. When climate change regulations limited the shepherd’s ___26___ to work in woodlands, it was part of a continent-wide effort to fight against deforestation. The effort worked well, with total forest ___27___ in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s. Natural numbers of red deer and other ___28___ animals have disappeared. Therefore the ___29___ of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land, turning small fires into ____30____ ones.
Meanwhile, shepherds decided to write letters asking the government to ____31____ their animals to graze within the woods again. They also hoped to carry out a ____32____ project of rural areas, where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years ____33____ its way from the mountain tops to the sea. Their plan was to bring in more shepherds to better control the fires and ____34____ eco-tourism in the area. It makes sense that those most invested in the forests’ ____35____ would be worthwhile to save them, which goes for both the shepherds and the animals.
21. A. monitoring B. advising C. banning D. introducing
22. A. decisive B. effective C. proper D. relevant
23. A. habits B. routines C. paths D. challenges
24. A. cutting off B. helping out C. clearing away D. putting down
25. A. clearly B. gradually C. luckily D. actually
26. A. ability B. imagination C. desire D. risk
27. A. growth B. cover C. thickness D. quality
28. A. smart B. active C. native D. cautious
29. A. loss B. arrival C. choice D. disadvantage
30. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable C. unforgettable D. uncontrollable
31. A. support B. allow C. advise D. persuade
32. A. production B. creation C. restoration D. competition
33. A. burned B. picked C. blocked D. forced
34. A. vary B. reduce C. encourage D. spread
35. A. exploration B. location C. health D. survival
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利的牧民在森林防火中发挥着重要的作用。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经禁止这种做法的法律正在改变，因为农村社区开始在森林管理中发挥作用。A. monitoring监视；B. advising建议；C. banning禁止；D. introducing介绍。根据上文“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush.”和句中“such practices are being changed”可推知，现在牧民可以带领他们的牲畜吃灌木丛，但以前这是被法律禁止的，现在情况发生了改变。故选C。
22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在森林较薄的地区，大型动物以植物为食可以有效降低森林火灾风险。A. decisive决定性的，关键的；B. effective有效的；C. proper合适的；D. relevant相关的。根据第一段中“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush.”可推知，正是因为动物吃植物能够有效地减少森林火灾，所以才会第一段中提出到的做法。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些小动物的进食习惯使它们非常适合清除木质灌木。A. habits习惯；B. routines常规；C. paths路径；D. challenges挑战。根据第一段中“by leading their animals to eat the bush.”和句中“They also eat things which larger animals can’t digest.”可知，句中谈论的是小动物吃灌木的习惯。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些小动物的进食习惯使它们非常适合清除木质灌木。A. cutting off切断；B. helping out帮助……摆脱困境；C. clearing away收拾，把……清除掉；D. putting down放下，记下。结合句中“woody bushes”可知，句中描述的小动物吃森林里的木质灌木，这可视为“清除”灌木。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管森林可能看起来像一个自然美丽的地方，实际上它不再是一个自然生态系统。A. clearly清晰地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. luckily幸运地；D. actually事实上。根据连词“Even though”可知，前后文有转折关系，上文说森林看上去很美，下文“it’s no longer a natural ecosystem”指出真实情况，用副词actually，意为“事实上”，符合语境。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当气候变化法规限制了牧民在林地工作的能力时，这是大范围对抗森林砍伐努力的一部分。A. ability能力；B. imagination想象力；C. desire欲望，渴望；D. risk风险。根据句中“climate change regulations limited”和“to fight against deforestation”可推知，为了调控气候变化，对抗森林砍伐，限制了牧民在森林里放牧的能力。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一努力效果良好，自20世纪60年代以来，意大利的森林覆盖总面积增加了75%。A. growth生长，成长；B. cover覆盖；C. thickness厚度；D. quality质量。根据上文“to fight against deforestation”和句中“The effort worked well”可推知，对抗森林砍伐效果好很，森林覆盖增加了。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自然数量的马鹿和其他本土动物已经消失。A. smart聪明的；B. active好动的；C. native本地出生的；D. cautious小心的。结合常识和句中“red deer”可知，这里说的是本地动物。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，绵羊和山羊的缺失意味着没有什么能阻止木本灌木统治这片土地，把小火变成无法控制的大火。A. loss失去；B. arrival到达；C. choice选择；D. disadvantage缺点。根据上文“Natural numbers of red deer and other 8 animals have disappeared.”和句中“nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land”可知，森林本土动物消失，如果再失去绵羊和山羊，那就无法阻止灌木丛占据整片土地。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，绵羊和山羊的缺失意味着没有什么能阻止木本灌木统治这片土地，把小火变成无法控制的大火。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. uncontrollable无法控制的。根据句中“nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land,”可推知，因为灌木丛茂盛，可能会诱发无法控制的森林大火。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，牧民决定写信要求政府允许他们的动物再次在森林里吃草。A. support支持；B. allow允许；C. advise建议；D. persuade说服。根据句中“shepherds decided to write letters asking the government”和“again”可推知，牧民希望政府允许他们再次进入林区放牧。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们希望开展农村地区的恢复项目，意大利40年来最严重的野火从山顶一直烧到大海。A. production产品；B. creation创新，创作；C. restoration恢复；D. competition竞争。根据句中“where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years 13 its way from the mountain tops to the sea.”可知，因为意大利的野火烧毁了许多森林，这些牧民准备实施一个森林恢复计划。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望开展农村地区的恢复项目，意大利40年来最严重的野火从山顶一直烧到大海。A. burned燃烧，烧毁；B. picked挑选；C. blocked阻塞，阻碍；D. forced强迫。根据句中“worst wildfire”和“its way from the mountain tops to the sea”可知，野火从山顶一直烧到大海。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望引进更多的牧民来控制火灾，并鼓励该地区的生态旅游。A. vary不同，改变；B. reduce减少；C. encourage鼓励；D. spread传播。根据下文的“eco-tourism in the area”可知，他们也希望能够鼓励该地区的生态旅游。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：拯救那些对森林的生存投入最大的对象，包括牧民和动物，是有意义的。A. exploration探索；B. location位置，定位；C. health健康；D. survival生存。根据上文可知，森林对牧民和动物非常重要，所以他们为森林的生存投入很多。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese master carpenter, Wang Dewen, known as “Grandpa Amu” on social media, has been called the modern day Lu Ban, a famous Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks ___36___ his vast carpentry knowledge.
This time, he used beech wood and black walnut material and cut it into 32 pieces of wood, and then ___37___ (polish) it into radians (弧度) and chiseled (凿) different structures. When they fit together ___38___ (perfect), it became a football.
Its structure can be freely disassembled and assembled (组装) for play. It can’t be kicked around like a real football, but it is ___39___ (suit) for display as a craft or a toy or a gift.
The 65 year old grandfather, ___40___ real name is Wang Dewen, is from Liaocheng, Shandong province. He started woodworking around the age of 10.
In 2017, the son of “Grandpa Amu” started a business in the field of short video. At the end of ___41___ following year, he volunteered ___42___ (make) a video of ___43___ (he) doing woodwork, and that’s when he started becoming an Internet celebrity.
Grandpa Amu has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. Among all the items, a ___44___ (walk) Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing toy are his grandson’s ____45____ (favor).
【答案】36. to 37. polished
38. perfectly
39. suitable
40. whose 41. the
42. to make
43. himself
44. walking
45. favorites
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国木工大师王德文，在社交媒体上被称为“阿木爷爷”，他因其丰富的木工知识而被誉为现代“鲁班”。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国木匠大师王德文在社交媒体上被称为“阿木爷爷”，由于他渊博的木工知识，他被称为现代的“鲁班”，鲁班是中国周朝著名的结构工程师。thanks to...是固定短语，意为“由于；因为”。故填to。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：这一次，他用山毛榉木和黑胡桃木的材料，把它切割成32块木头，然后打磨成弧度，凿出不同的结构。分析句子可知，提示词polish(打磨)与动词used、cut和chiseled是并列谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。故填polished。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：当它们完美地结合在一起时，它就变成了一个足球。提示词修饰动词fit，用副词perfectly作状语，意为“完美地”，表程度。故填perfectly。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它不能像真正的足球一样被踢来踢去，但它适合作为工艺品、礼物或礼物来展示。“it be+adj.+(for sb.)+to do...”是固定句型，意为“(对……来说)，……是……的”，形容词suitable作表语。故填suitable 。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这位65岁的老爷爷，他的真名叫王德文，来自山东聊城。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词grandfather，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作real name的定语，意思是“老爷爷的真名”，应使用具有所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：第二年年底，他主动制作了一段他做木工的视频，从那时起，他开始成为网红。形容词following常与定冠词the连用；the following...“下一……”。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第二年年底，他主动制作了一段他做木工的视频，从那时起，他开始成为网红。volunteer to do...是固定搭配，意为“自愿做……”，不定式作宾语。故填to make。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：第二年年底，他主动制作了一段他做木工的视频，从那时起，他开始成为网红。提示词作非谓语doing woodwork的逻辑主语和动名词构成动名词复合结构，拍摄“他自己做木工的视频”，所以应该用反身代词himself。故填himself。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有的物品中，会走路的小猪佩奇和吹泡泡玩具是他孙子的最爱。提示词作定语修饰名词Peppa Pig，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Peppa Pig之间是主动关系，用现在分词walking。故填walking。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：在所有的物品中，会走路的小猪佩奇和吹泡泡玩具是他孙子的最爱。提示词作表语，用名词favorite，意为“受喜爱的人(或事物)”，根据主语“Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing toy”可知，他最爱有物品有两件，所以用算数形式。故填favorites。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的好朋友Jem喜欢读书，学校也大力提倡同学们多读。可是随着学业任务的增加，Jem发现自己找不到时间读书，他因此比较苦恼，发邮件向你求助。请你给他回一封邮件，提一些建议。内容包括：
1. 给予安慰；
2. 至少两条建议，并说明理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jem,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jem,
I understand the struggle to find time for reading amid a busy schedule. It’s okay to feel overwhelmed. I have some suggestions that I hope will be helpful. First, try making reading a daily habit, even 15-30 minutes a day can make a difference. Additionally, use short breaks between classes or waiting times to sneak in some reading. Small pockets of time can add up. You’re not alone, and finding this balance takes time. Let me know how these tips work for you or if there’s anything else I can do to help.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。随着学业任务的增加，好朋友Jem发现自己找不到时间读书，他因此比较苦恼，发邮件向你求助。要求考生给他回信，给予安慰并提一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
困难：struggle → difficulty
建议：suggestion → proposal/advice
有用：helpful → useful
另外：additionally → in addition/besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It’s okay to feel overwhelmed.
拓展句：If you feel overwhelmed, it’s okay.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I have some suggestions that I hope will be helpful. (运用了关系代词that引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Let me know how these tips work for you or if there’s anything else I can do to help.(运用了if引导条件状语从句和连接副词how引导宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语段续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
To celebrate his girlfriend’s birthday, Luke Fortune drove from a small town in Central Oregon to Portland, where he parked his car in a paid garage overnight. The next morning, he discovered that the car’s window had been smashed, along with his dreams for the future: His backpack and computer were gone.
“Everything important to me was on that computer,” said Fortune, 21, who is studying to become a paramedic(护理人员). “My classwork, every paper I’d written, and all the programs I needed for my paramedic tests. Every letter I was working on for job applications. I felt sick.”
Two days after the theft, another young man was standing outside his apartment, also in Portland. Masoud Almazrouei, 29, is an exchange student from the United Arab Emirates. He had been approached by a man who said he had a computer for sale. Only $200. Almazrouei, who had been in the United States for only a year, admits now that he was naive(天真). But he needed a computer, so he bought it, took it home, and turned it on. Within seconds, he saw files and photographs.
“I wondered who would sell a computer with all of this on it,” he said. “I realized it could be stolen.” Almazrouei found what appeared to be the owner’s cellphone number and called it.
“This guy with a thick accent told me he had my computer,” Fortune said. “He told me the story and said it was his fault. I thought it was a scam(骗局). I told him if he really had the computer, he should take it to the police.”
Soon after, a police officer called Fortune to say that a man had dropped the computer off and had said he was sorry. He passed along the man’s number.
注意: 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
3.请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Fortune called and thanked Almazrouei and insisted on paying him a reward of $200, the money he was out.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A story about the two young men’s encounter(邂逅) made it to the local papers.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1
Fortune called and thanked Almazrouei and insisted on paying him a reward of $200, the money he was out. Almazrouei refused. He said it was his mistake to buy the computer from someone he didn’t know and he was the one to shoulder the responsibility. More importantly, he said, it was his honor to return the property to the rightful owner. “I saw a photo of this man in his paramedic uniform,” Almazrouei said. “They help people. He is a good man. I don’t want my money back.”
Paragraph 2
A story about the two young men’s encounter made it to the local papers. Overnight, Almazrouei became a household name and received numerous compliments for his honesty and kindness. One day he got a call from the president of Portland State University, where Almazrouei is studying economics. Impressed with his student’s integrity, the president gave Almazrouei a new MacBook Pro. “We thought since you gave back the laptop, we should give you a laptop so that you’ll have one,” He told Almazrouei. “We’re very proud of you. It was a great story, and you did the right thing.”
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Luke Fortune驱车去看望他的女朋友时，车里的背包和电脑被盗，这让他很沮丧。而两天之后Masoud Almazrouei从陌生人那里以200美元买下了一台电脑，当他打开电脑时发现了电脑里的很多资料以及电脑主人的电话，他意识到这台电脑是偷来的，所以Almazrouei决定将电脑送到警察局。不久，警察给Luke Fortune打了电话，说一个男人把电脑放在了警察局，并留下了电话。故事续写由此展开。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Fortune打电话来感谢Almazrouei，并坚持要付给他200美元的酬金。”可知，第一段要着重续写Fortune和Almazrouei之间的对话，Almazrouei表明自己不会收下Luke Fortune的钱。
②由第二段首句内容“当地报纸刊登了这两个年轻人相遇的故事。”可知，第二段可描写Almazrouei因诚实而成为了家喻户晓的人物，可以展开适当联想，他的事迹很快所就读的波特兰州立大学校长得知，并给了他奖励和鼓励。
2.续写线索：感谢并支付报酬——拒绝收钱——媒体报道——家喻户晓——校长嘉奖
3.词汇激活
行为类
①承担责任：shoulder the responsibility / undertake the due obligations
②归还：give back to/return to
③拒绝：turn down/decline/refuse
情感类
①荣幸：it is one’s honor to …/ (sb.) have the honour to… /(sb.) be honoured to…
②自豪：be proud of/take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1] One day he got a call from the president of Portland State University, where Almazroue is studying economics.（使用了where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2] More importantly, he said, it was his honor to return the property to the rightful owner.（it作形式主语）
