(共27张PPT)
外研选择性必修
第二册
Unit 6
Period 4
Reading
教学目
Lead-in
How much do you know about MARS
1Mars is the ______ smallest planet in the solar system.
a second b third c fourth
2 The surface of Mars is covered in ______
a rocks b water c grass
3 The average recorded temperature on Mars is ______
a 40°C b 2°C c -63°C
4 One day on Mars is about ______ long.
a 18 hours b 24 hours c 37 hours
1
2
To know the possibility and reasons why we shall move to Mars, and get the main idea of the passage
To use the key language points from the passage correctly
目标一: To know the possibility and reasons why we shall move to Mars, and get the main idea of the passage
Activity 1: Predict the main idea according to the title
and the pictures.
It’s about plan B to explore Mars to see if we might live on it one day.
Activity 2: Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para. 1______
Para. 2______
Para. 3______
Para. 4______
Para. 5______
A It will be a large challenge to send people to Mars.
B At present, we need to take much better care of our own planet.
C Present a problem: What is our Plan B for Earth
D The most likely choice is to explore Mars to see if we could live on it.
E What we have done to explore Mars since the 1960s.
C
D
E
A
B
Activity 3: Read the passage and find out why humans might live on Mars.
1. Mars is relatively close to Earth.
2. Mars has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
3. Our interest in Martian exploration is greater than before.
4. Since 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life.
Activity 4: Choose the magazine in which you would most likely find the passage and give your reasons.
1 The Traveller
2 All About Space
3 Environmental Concerns
4 Biology for Fun
1 The characteristic of each magazine:
a The Traveller: focuses on the person who travels, what he sees, what he does or how he feels.
b All About Space: focuses on the secret of the outer space, showing various fascinating natural phenomena.
c Environmental Concerns: focuses on various environmental problems, which usually draws people’s great concern.
d Biology for Fun: focuses on studies about life and living organisms for fun, including their physical structure and chemical processes.
By reading the passage, we know that today environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth (paragraph 1). Scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer (paragraph 5). All the clues tell us the passage is most likely to be found in the magazine — Environmental Concerns.
Activity 5: Read the passage carefully and finish the two tasks.
Task 1: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.
1. Why do people make Plan B
2. What is Plan B
Environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars.
3. Is it easy for us to live on Mars Why
4. What should we do now
It is not easy because it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. Even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth. Staying alive will be a daily challenge.
We need to take much better care of our own planet until we are finally able to live on another planet.
Task 2: Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.
1. Humans have yet not visited Mars.
2. People want to go to Mars on holiday.
3. There are plants growing on Mars.
4. The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.
5. One day, humans will have to go and live on another planet.
6. Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
7. The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
Now work in pairs. Find evidence to support your choices.
Learning to learn
Sometimes, we need to form opinions and draw conclusions that are not directly stated within the given information. For example, from the sentence “While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation”, we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars. Headings and pictures can also help us make educated guesses about a text.
Evidence:
Space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years (paragraph 3). So number 1 “Humans have yet not visited Mars” can be inferred.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button (paragraph 1).
So number 4 “The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles” can be inferred.
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy (paragraph 1). So number 6 “Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources” can be inferred.
As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. Although the two-year experiment was not a success (paragraph 4). So number 7 “The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure” can be inferred.
Activity 6: Think & Share
1 Would you like to be one of the first people to live on Mars Why or why not
2 Which is better, to live on Mars or to solve Earth’s problems Why
I would like to be one of the first people to live on Mars, which is a great challenge for me. I am willing to explore better and more suitable place for our humans.
In my opinion, to solve Earth’s problems is better. On the one hand, right now, it’s the only one we have. On the other hand, the Earth’s change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere, so it’s our duty to protect it and solve the problems.
3 Can you think of a “Plan C” to save people from the problems on Earth Share it with the class.
4 What theme do the two reading passages in this unit have in common On what aspects does each passage focus
Yes. To collect and reuse all the waste.
The two passages share the theme of protecting our living environments. The first passage focuses on balancing nature and urban development, and the need for harmony between humans and animals. The second passage focuses on our need to protect Earth even if we intend to settle on other places such as Mars in future.
Activity 7: Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
1 Decide your roles.
2 Look at the sample questions about living on Mars and add any more you can think of. Then write down some answers.
Questions
What can you see from the window of the spacecraft
Can you go outside
How do you get food on Mars
What do you miss about Earth
Answers
3 Act out the interview with your partner.
Now think about how well you performed in the interview. Vote in class for the best interview.
目标二: To use the key language points from the passage correctly
Activity 1: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner.
Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class.
1 wipe out 彻底摧毁；消灭
【教材原文】In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was [1] that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毁灭。
【句型分析】句中that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles为表语从句。句中词汇“nuclear missiles”意为“核导弹”，短语“at the push of a button”意为“按一下按钮”
2 relatively 相对地
One option is [1] to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, [3] which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。
【句型分析】[1]动词不定式短语 to explore other planets作表语；动词不定式短语 to see if we could live on them作目的状语；if 引导宾语从句。[2]which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Mars。
3 make efforts to do sth 努力做某事
【教材原文】More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
4 [1] Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars [2] that could take place within the next 25 years.
受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。
【句型分析】[1]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰名词missions。
5 draw 吸引
【教材原文】There is no doubt [1] that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
【句型分析】that 引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。
6 solar radiation 太阳辐射
【教材原文】[1]While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, [2] travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且其间要经历危险的太阳辐射。
【句型分析】[1]While意为“而，然而”，表示对比。[2]现在分词短语作伴随状语。
7 And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth ever.
而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。
【句型分析】 even if 引导让步状语从句，even if意为“即使，尽管”；do强调谓语动词reach。
8 consist of 由......组成
【教材原文】It consisted of a closed space [1] in which people, animals and plants could live together.
它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
【句型分析】in which 引导定语从句，修饰名词space。
9 be similar to 与......相似
【教材原文】More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.
最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。
10 in the meantime 以此同时
【教材原文】In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.
同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。
11 have an effect on 对......有影响
【教材原文】This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.
这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。
Activity 2: Complete the summary with the correct words or the correct forms of the words in the bracket according to the passage.
Today, environmental problems have become the 1 __________ (great) risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, but they are also preparing 2 __________ the worst. One option is 3 __________ (explore) other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is 4 __________ (relative) close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars 5. _____________ (fascinate) people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Since 6 __________ 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
greatest
for
to explore
relatively
has fascinated
the
7 __________ (encourage) by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years. There is no doubt 8 __________ humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. However, 9 __________ (send) people there will require all the skill, courage and 10 __________ (intelligent) of the human race. For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own.
Encouraged
that
sending
intelligence
1 What is the reason why we shall move to other planets
2 What are the difficulties moving to Mars (共41张PPT)
外研选择性必修
第二册
Unit 6
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas (I)
1
2
To know the difficulties and how to survive in different situations
To get the main idea of the passage, work out its structure, and express opinions about urban development and wildlife protection
目标一：To know the difficulties and how to survive in different situations
Activity 1: Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What does each picture show
2 What difficulties would people have surviving in these situations
1 The picture shows that an earthquake has happened. The road is cut off.
2 People would find it difficult to leave the area to find safety, or to receive supplies such as food, water, medicines and fuel. Power and communications may have been cut off by the earthquake. There is a risk of further quakes via an aftershock.
1 The picture tells us that a disease has broken out and is probably spreading.
2 People may face difficulties such as quarantine, shortage of hospital services and panic-buying of essential medicines, food and other supplies. There may be misinformation and panic.
1 In the picture, we can see a ship sinking.
2 People who are unable to escape the ship on a lifeboat face the immediate dangers of drowning or of dying from exposure. Those who do escape on a lifeboat need to ration their food and water, and hope for rescue as soon as possible.
1 The picture shows us a dense jungle.
2 People would find it difficult to travel and navigate. It would also be difficult to find food and water. Wild animals and venomous insects are also potential problems.
1 In the picture, we can see an astronaut in space.
2 Space is the most extreme environment for human beings. They face danger from extreme temperatures, low pressures and radiation. They must carry everything they need with them, even air. The lack of gravity makes simple actions such as eating, drinking, moving and even sleeping difficult. Anyone who spends too long in a zero-gravity environment risks losing bone and muscle mass.
1 The picture shows us a severe drought.
2 Without water, people and livestock face death within a short period of time. In addition to water shortages, drought causes crop failure, so people would face food shortages as well. This could affect people who do not live in the drought-affected area. Severe food shortages can cause famine, migration, collapse of social order and war.
Activity 2: Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 Where do the people in the video live
2 What difficulties do they face How do they overcome those difficulties
3 What part of the life there would be most challenging for you Why
1 Where do the people in the video live
Antarctica
2 What difficulties do they face
How do they overcome those difficulties
1)They have to endure extreme weather including freezing temperatures, fierce winds and strong blizzards. When they go outside the stations, they wear special clothes for protection. As weather can change from calm to white-out in minutes, people have to take a special survival bag in case they are trapped outside overnight.
2) One of the most difficult things is the long days and nights. They may cause issues with the scientists’ body clocks. The darkness also makes outdoor research impossible.
3) It is almost impossible to grow fresh produce there because of the extreme conditions, and most food is imported. It is difficult for scientists to have a varied diet, and they can’t get enough fresh fruit and vegetables.
4) They have to face psychological problems. To keep the scientists psychologically healthy, research stations offer activities and entertainment including live music and lectures.
3 What part of the life there would be most challenging for you Why
Your own answers
目标二: To get the main idea of the passage, work out its structure, and express opinions about urban development and wildlife protection
Activity 1: Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
fox
leopard
bear
racoon
chacma baboon
hedgehog
1 Where would you normally expect to find these animals
2 Would you be surprised to see these animals in a city Why or why not
3 What problems could they encounter in cities
In the wild.
Yes. Because they are normally in the wild, and they are sometimes dangerous for humans. It’s also difficult for them to find shelters and food in the cities.
They may have difficulty finding food, shelter and mates.
If people find them, they may be trapped or killed.
Do more research about these wild animals.
Activity 2: Look at the title of the passage and the picture.
Think about what the title means.
The title means the wild animals within the cities.
Now read the passage and check your answer.
Activity 3: Read for main idea
Task 1: Read the passage quickly and get the main idea of the passage.
The passage explains the impact of human urbanization process on wildlife by introducing the phenomenon of wild animals entering the cities, the reasons behind, their living conditions and the problems encountered in the cities and so on.
Task 2: Read and summarize what each paragraph is mainly about.
Para. 1: ________________________________________________________
Para. 2: ________________________________________________________
Para. 3: ________________________________________________________
Para. 4: ________________________________________________________
Para. 5: ________________________________________________________
Para. 6: ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
The phenomenon of more and more wild animals entering cities.
The reasons why the wild animals are out of their natural habitats.
Benefits of cities for wild animals.
The wild animals can adapt to cities and become more intelligent.
The cities can be dangerous for some wild animals.
We should learn to appreciate wild animals and harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
Task 3: Choose the topic sentences for Paragraphs 2-5 and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
a One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.
b People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration.
c For those animals that don’t adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.
d Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many benefits.
Para.2—b Para.3—d Para.4—a Para.5—c
Activity 4: Read for information.
Task 1: Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram.
More and more wild animals are entering cities Reasons for migration: Urban development and climate change push the animals 1____________ 2______________________________________________ Benefits of cities for animals: Appealing spaces as habitats. 3______________________________________________ 4______________________________________________ Animals’adaption to cities: Urban animals are more 5 _________ ________________ ________________ 6______________________________________________ Dangers for some animals:
7______________________________________
8___________________________________________________
We should learn to better understand and appreciate our wild neighbours, and 9___________________________________________ Reasons for migration:
Urban development and climate change push the animals 1 ___________________________
2____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
out of their natural habitats.
Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
Benefits of cities for animals:
Appealing spaces as habitats.
3_______________________________________________________________________________________
4_______________________________________________________________________________________
Out of reach from many of their natural predators, these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives.
Hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers we throw away.
Animals’ adaption to cities:
Urban animals are more 5_______________________
____________________________________________.
6___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
intelligent than their wild cousins
Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.
Dangers for some animals:
7_______________________________________________________________________________________
8_______________________________________________________________________________________
Some birds crash into windows because they are unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass.
Some birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
We should learn to better understand and appreciate our wild neighbours, and 9 _____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats
Now think about what people can do to achieve a balance between
the need for urban development and the protection of wild animals.
a. Humans build cities not only to make themselves live, also want to let the wild animals to survive.
b. When building cities, humans should not occupy the living space of wild animals.
c. It is a sign of modern civilization to let wild animals find habitat in cities just like human beings, which can contribute to a good biodiversity and a complete ecology.
Task 2: Please work out the structure of the passage.
Phenomenon Reasons Benefits Adaption Dangers
Conclusion Activity 5: Think & Share
1 How would you describe the relationship between people and urban animals in the passage
I think people and urban animals are interrelated in the passage. On one hand, the animals entering cities may cause the loss of human property and pose a risk to personal safety. On the other hand, people could also destroy the habitats of animals to some extent and even threaten their lives.
2 What figure of speech is used in the first paragraph
Why does the author choose to start the passage this way
In the first paragraph, the author uses personification to describe what urban animals are doing, with the aim of attracting readers’ attention.
3 Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. Do you agree with this Give your reasons.
Possible version one:
I agree that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. As the range of human beings grow, people need more land and resources, which may lead to human habitations overlapping with those of wild animals. Faced with such conflicts, human beings often choose to reduce the habitats of animals or drive them out of their habitats, which eventually, may lead to the extinction of some wild animals.
Possible version two:
I don’t think that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. First of all, human beings need habitations to survive. Secondly, urban development means economic growth, which means that people can live a better life. Finally, according to the theory of evolution, only the fittest can be survived from natural selection.
外研选择性必修
第二册
Unit 6
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas (II)
Activity 8: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner. Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class.
1 greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的
【教材原文】 [1]Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。
【归纳拓展】
be greedy for sth. 渴望得到某物
be greedy to do sth. 渴望去做某事
【句型分析】句中[1] 为现在分词短语作时间状语
2 commit vt.犯（错误或罪行）；自杀vt.&vi.使承担义务，作出保证
【教材原文】[1]No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。
【归纳拓展】
（1）commit a mistake 犯错误
commit a crime 犯罪 commit suicide 自杀
（2）commit sb./oneself to（doing）sth. 承诺（做）某事
commit sth.to（doing）sth. 把某物投入到某事上
be committed to（doing）sth. 尽力做某事，承诺做某事
（3）commitment [C]承诺[U]投入
make a commitment 作出承诺
【句型分析】句中[1] No matter how 引导让步状语从句。
3 take over 接管
【教材原文】[1]With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost [2] as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。
【句型分析】本句中[1] “With foxes in London，mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong”是with复合结构，此处是介词短语作宾补。[2] as if 引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像”
4 be responsible for 是造成......的原因；为......负责
Most of us would assume [1]that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.
我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原因。
【句型分析】句中[1]为宾语从句，句中动词“assume”译为“假定、设想”，名词形式为“assumption”。
5 [1]However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all —[2] it’s we humans who have moved into their territory.
无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。
【句型分析】句中[1]However 引导让步状语从句。
[2] 本句为强调句型，强调主语we humans。
6 have no choice but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择
【教材原文】With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。
【归纳拓展】
（1）have no choice/alternative but to do sth.
除了做某事之外别无选择
（2）do nothing but do sth.只是做某事
（3）have nothing to do but do sth. 无事可做，只有做某事
（4）there is nothing to do but do sth. 无事可做，只有做某事
7 look for 寻找
【教材原文】[1]As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals [2]looking for new habitats. 随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。
【句型分析】As引导时间状语从句，：as意为“随着”
[2] looking for现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals
8 throw away 扔掉
【教材原文】What’s more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [1]we throw away.
而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。
【句型分析】句中[1]we throw away 作为定语从句，修饰leftovers
9 figure out理解，弄清楚
There is evidence [1] that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, [2] as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers [3]which they would not find in the wild.
有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。
【句型分析】[1]that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。[2]as引导原因状语从句；[3]which 引导定语从句，修饰other containers。
10 fit in with与（某人）合得来；适应......; 与......相一致
【教材原文】Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.
为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。
【归纳拓展】
fit in 相处融洽；适应
fit adj.健康的，强健的；适合的，恰当的
keep fit（=keep healthy）保持健康
be fit for 适合....
be fit to do sth.适合做某事
11 at speeds of 以......的速度
【教材原文】Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.
无法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。
12 die from 死于
amount to等同；接近；总计
Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population. 近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。
13 One theory behind this is [1]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes [2]that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.
一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。
【句型分析】[1]that引导表语从句；[2]that引导定语从句，修饰名词routes。
14 adapt to 适应......
【教材原文】[1]However they adapt to our ways of urban living, [2]it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。
【句型分析】[1]However 引导让步状语从句。[2]it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
15 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。
【句型分析】本句为“only+状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。
16 for sure 毫无疑问
Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure—as it’s often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay.
无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。
【句型分析】Whatever引导让步状语从句。
1 Can you think of other situations that are hard to survive
2 Do you have any suggestions that man and wild animals can harmoniously live together in the city (共18张PPT)
外研选择性必修
第二册
Unit 6
Period 2
Grammar
1
2
To know the usage of adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter
To use adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter correctly
目标一：To know the usage of adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter
Activity 1: Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
a. Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.
b. Animals always find towns and cities in their way as they go.
c. No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
d. Even though he committed many crimes, the police were powerless to arrest him.
1 What is the difference between the sentences in each group
The difference between the sentences in each group is that sentences (a) and (c) are more emphatic.Sentences (b) and (d) state facts without any particular emphasis.
2 What is the meaning of -ever and no matter
Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c)
-ever and no matter mean that something is true or happens in all circumstances.The author uses sentences (a) and (c) to stress that animals cannot avoid towns and cities encroaching upon their habitats, and that the police had no power to arrest the thief, regardless of his crimes.
3 What other words can be combined with -ever and no matter to form adverbial clauses
Words combined with -ever: whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whenever, however. Words combined with no matter: no matter who, no matter whom, no matter what, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter whether, no matter if, no matter how, etc.
Now look for more sentences with adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter in the reading passage, and summarise its uses in your own words.
1) However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all-it’s we humans who have moved into their territory.
2) However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
Activity 2: Read the following sentences and finish the summary.
1 No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
2 Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.
3 However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
4 Whatever happened, I must be calm and quiet.
5 Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment.
6 While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.
Summary:
1 句1至句4中的斜体部分引导__________从句，句2、3、4可分别与 ________________、______________、_______________互换。
2 句5中的Whoever引导__________从句，且在从句中作__________，不可与 ______________互换。
3 句6中的whatever引导__________从句，并在从句中作__________，不可与 _______________互换。
让步状语
No matter where
No matter how
No matter what
主语
主语
No matter who
宾语
宾语
no matter what
【语法精讲】
“疑问词+-ever”可以分为两种类型：
（1）“疑问副词+-ever”，比如，wherever，whenever，however，"疑问副词+-ever"，一般情况下只能引导让步状语从句，和“no matter +疑问副词”可以相互替换。
例如：Whenever I visited her，she was busy with her work.也可以说，No matter when I visited her，she was busy with her work.
（2）"疑问代词+-ever”，比如，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever。"疑问代词+-ever" 既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，“疑问代词+-ever”可以和“no matter +疑问代词”相互替换。
例如：Whoever comes to the party，he will receive a gift.也可以说，No matter who comes to the party，he will receive a gift.但是引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问代词+-ever”，不能用"no matter + 疑问代词”
例如：Whoever comes here will receive a gift.
【补充】
1）“疑问词+-ever”引导主语从句或宾语从句时，从句要用陈述语序；引导让步状语从句时要用一般时来表示将来。
例如：Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Wherever you go，I'll follow you.
需要注意的是，however 引导让步状语从句时，
从句结构为：however +形容词/副词+主语+谓语。
例如：However late she is,I will wait for her.
2）“疑问词+-ever"和"no matter +疑问词”引导让步状语从句时，从句既可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后，且从句的动词有时候可以省略。
例如：Keep calm, whatever happens.
No matter what (happens), I’ll help you.
有时候还可以省略从句中的be动词及相应的主语。
例如：I’d rather have a room of my own, no matter how small (it is), than share with others.
3）“疑问词+-ever"和"no matter +疑问词”一般不与why 连用，表示“无论什么原因”时一般用whatever the reason 结构。
例如：Whatever the reason, you should apologise.
目标二: To use adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter correctly
Activity 1: Rewrite the underlined parts using adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter.
SURVIVING in the Wild
Spending time in the wild is highly rewarding, but it can be dangerous.You may be a first-time hiker or an experienced camper. Regardless of your past experience, please read these survival tips carefully:
Leave the area quickly but calmly if a wildfire breaks out at any time.
Often, when people get lost in the wild, they split up and try to get home. Whether there are few or many people in your group, don’t split up. Instead, stay together and wait for help.
Everywhere you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you. It could save someone’s life, or yours!
1 Regardless of your past experience, please read these survival tips carefully:
2 Leave the area quickly but calmly if a wildfire breaks out at any time.
3 Whether there are few or many people in your group, don’t split up.
4 Everywhere you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you.
Whatever past experience you have had / No matter what past experience you have had, please read these survival tips carefully:
Whenever a wildfire breaks out /No matter when a wildfire breaks out, leave the area quickly but calmly.
No matter how many people there are in your group /
However many people there are in your group, don’t split up.
Wherever you go in the wild /No matter where you go in the wild, take a first aid kit with you.
Activity 2: Read the story and complete the sentences using adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter.
At age 12, Jane was diagnosed with a rare and deadly cancer, and was informed that high-risk surgery was her only chance of getting better. Jane received the surgery, and things got extremely hard during the two-year treatment that followed -she couldn’t even remember how many times she was rushed to the ICU. However, she never gave up hope and, thankfully, she survived. Shortly after recovery, she decided to help find out the cause of this disease, In doing so, she took an internship at a medical lab, despite being quite busy with her schoolwork, and invited people to donate tissue samples for research purposes everywhere she went. She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds, and to try her best to help patients with this cancer recover in spite of the various difficulties she might face.
1 ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ (how), Jane never gave up hope.
2 _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ (where), Jane would invite people to donate tissue samples for research purpose.
3 Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life ______________________ ___________________________________________ (what).
4 _______________________________________________________
______________________________ (what), Jane is determined to help patients recover from this cancer.
No matter how many times she was rushed to the ICU
/However many times she was rushed to the ICU
Wherever she went
/No matter where she went
no matter what
the future holds /whatever the future holds
No matter what difficulties she might face / Whatever difficulties she might face
Activity 3: Think of another survival story and tell the class about it using adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter. Do online research if necessary.
Sample:
Once, a man on a boat met a terrible storm, and he was dumped on an island. There was no food left with him and it was hard for him to survive. No matter how hard it was, he just wanted to try every means to survive. He finally got some fish and made fire with stone and sticks.
1 Can you retell the usage of adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter
2 Can you make some sentences using adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter (共19张PPT)
外研选择性必修
第二册
Unit 6
Period 3
Listening and speaking
1
2
To know how Robinson Crusoe survived by listening, use expressions asking for and giving opinions, agreeing
To talk about what to do when facing crisis
目标一：To know how Robinson Crusoe survived by listening, use expressions asking for and giving opinions, agreeing
Activity 1: Listen to the conversation and choose the ideas not conveyed by the speakers.
1. The story of Robinson Crusoe is a very sad survival story.
2. It takes great patience for Robinson Crusoe to survive on the island.
3. Robinson Crusoe is a clever and optimistic man.
4. Robinson Crusoe’s words are good suggestions when we are faced with a crisis.
5. The most important reason for Robinson Crusoe’s survival is his calmness.
Activity 2: Listen again and complete the diagram.
Experiences Qualities
Robinson Crusoe doesn’t 1____________________, but 2____________________ from the ship. calmness
He 3____________________and 4____________________to keep himself safe. And he 5____________________by rubbing wood together. He makes tools that are important for survival, such as spades 6________________ and cups out of clay. He even makes his own clothes by 7____________________________ being wise and 8____________________
lose his head
gets necessary things
lives in a cave
builds a fence
makes a fire
out of wood
sewing animal skins together
knowledgeable
Experiences Qualities
He takes days to 9_____________ __________________ with tools made of wood. After the cave is 10__________________________ ___________________________, he doesn’t 11______________, but quickly 12______________________________ ________________________________. patience and perseverance
He 13___________________________ ________________________________, and considers what he enjoys rather than what he wants. 14____________________
widen and
deepen his cave
ruined by a landslide/
ruined by a fall of earth
feel depressed
redoes the work, using wooden posts to make the cave stronger than before
looks more upon the bright side of
his condition, and less upon the dark side
positive attitude
Now talk about the qualities that help Robinson Crusoe to survive.
Do further research if necessary.
calmness
being wise and knowledgeable
patience and perseverance
positive attitude
Qualities
Activity 3: Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
What do you think...
The way I see it, ...
I can’t agree more.
Personally, I think / believe...
I think you are right.
What’s your take on this
I think so, too.
That’s true.
I’m quite impressed...
What surprises me more is...
Asking for opinions Giving opinions Agreeing
What do you think...
What’s your take on this
The way I see it,...
Personally, I think /believe...
I’m quite impressed...
What surprises me more is...
I can’t agree more.
I think you are right.
I think so, too.
That’s true.
Activity 4: Read the passage and answer the questions.
Daniel Defoe was an English writer, who is best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe, although he also wrote hundreds of other works. He published Robinson Crusoe in 1719 at the age of 59. Today, it remains one of the most famous tales of survival ever told. Countless readers have been encouraged by Robinson Crusoe’s qualities, which go beyond his survival on a desert island. Such qualities can help us cope in a crisis, no matter what or where it is.
1. What kinds of crisis do you know people are facing in different parts of the world
global warming...
2. What can we do when facing such crisis
As for global warming, we can plant more trees and protect natural environment, improve energy efficiency, adopt new forms of energy and strengthen international cooperation.
目标二: To talk about what to do when facing crisis
Activity 1: Read the newspaper reports and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
Doctors battle new disease
Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after an outbreak of a new disease caused by a flu virus. They will be testing various medicines in a struggle to find a cure.
Europe Struggles with Heat Wave
Countries in Southern Europe have issued warnings after temperatures rose to 40℃. They advise people to stay indoors and avoid exercise. Swimming pools and beaches are crowded with people trying to cool down.
Country Is Coping With Oil Shortage
The President has announced emergency measures to limit fuel consumption. Meanwhile, scientists are working on energy-saving measures and new fuel sources to supplement oil supplies.
Scientists act to eliminate introduced species from island
Scientists are implementing a three-year programme to kill all rats, cats and foxes that were accidentally introduced to King Island early in the 20th century and are now threatening the survival of local species.
Firefighters bring blaze under control
Local firefighters successfully prevented further spreading of a huge fire caused by high temperatures in the south-west yesterday, after battling for hours in fierce conditions.
1 What situations are mentioned in the headlines
2 How do people and organisations react to these crises
The first one tells of an outbreak of a new disease. The second one reports a heat wave. The third one tells of an oil shortage. The fourth one reports the invasion of foreign species on an island. The fifth one tells of the spreading of a huge fire.
1) Doctors are flying there and will be testing various medicines to find a cure.
2) Countries which are hit by a heat wave advise people to stay indoors and avoid exercise. Some people go to swimming pools and beaches to cool themselves down.
3) The president has announced measures to limit fuel consumption and scientists are finding new measures and fuel sources.
4) Scientists are carrying out a three-year programme to eliminate the introduced species.
5) Firefighters brought the huge fire under control after battling for hours.
Activity 2: Read the words and phrases in bold in the last activity and paraphrase them in your own words.
battle: _______________________________________
_____________________________________________
struggle with: _________________________________
_____________________________________________
cope with: ____________________________________
eliminate: ____________________________________
bring ... under control: __________________________
_____________________________________________
to try very hard to achieve sth difficult or to deal with sth unpleasant or dangerous
to fight against sth in order to prevent a bad situation or result
to deal successfully with something difficult
to remove or get rid of sth
to succeed in dealing with sth
so that it does not cause any harm
Activity 3: Read the advertisement and rewrite the underlined expressions with the correct form of the words and expressions below.
battle, struggle with, cope with, eliminate, bring ...under control
SURVIVOR is a new monthly magazine for people interested in ecosystem and disaster management. Each issue looks at some of the most urgent problems of our time. Our first issue has a special focus on 1fighting against global warming. Temperatures are rising, and nations are failing to 2respond to it. As islands 3wrestle with rising sea levels, what is to be done Plus, it also includes a free poster illustrating new plans to 4get rid of the Ebola virus once and for all. We invite you to read Survivor and learn how we might 5stop our problems from getting worse!
1 battling
2 cope with
3 struggle with
4 eliminate
5 bring our problems under control
Activity 4: Work in pairs. Think of another issue concerning survival and talk about how to deal with it. Use the words and expressions in this section.
A: How do you think people should react to...
B: I think people should keep /stay /be...
A: Yes, but apart from that, I believe it is more important for people to...
B: But what if... /what about...
A: In that case, perhaps we could...
Now comment on each other’s performances in using the words and expressions.
1 Can you retell Robinson Crusoe’s experiences in the island
2 Can you talk about how we can battle the Covid-19 (共18张PPT)
外研选择性必修
第二册
Unit 6
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
教学目
Lead-in
视频：Mars
1
2
To find out specific information of the reading passage, get the key points and structure of a survival story, and write your own survival story
To talk about the survival of the fittest
目标一: To find out specific information of the reading passage, get the key points and structure of a survival story, and write your own survival story
Activity 1: Look at the picture and predict what the passage is about.
The astronaut has to overcome many difficulties to survive in the condition.
Activity 2: Read the passage quickly and get its main idea.
It’s been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back to Earth, accidentally leaving me here alone. I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them.
After resuming communication with the base five days later, I was informed that it will be eight months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth. Fortunately, I have shelter, because the landing capsule protects me from the deadly radiation outside. The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant. It might have just enough electricity for eight months, if nothing goes wrong. What’s more, my spacesuit keeps me safe from exposure to the Martian surface for up to several hours at a time. Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I’ve discovered an underground ice deposit nearby. I can reach the ice with our survey tools. That’s lucky, because I can drink the water from the ice and also use it to produce oxygen when I run low.
Now I am worried about food. There is only enough for one person for four months — four months short of what I need. Part of our mission was to experiment with growing plants in the Martian soil, so I have seeds of various kinds. I must work out how to farm on Mars. If I can solve that challenge, and if the electricity supply holds, I can survive until I am rescued. There’s still hope!
The main idea is that the astronaut is on Mars for a week and he has to overcome many difficulties in order to stay alive and be rescued.
Activity 3: Read the story and answer the questions.
1. Where is the person in the story
The person in the story is on Mars.
2. What difficulties is he facing
He has to keep himself safe from the deadly radiation outside. And he is facing the lack of water, oxygen and food.
3. What has he already done to stay alive
4. What will he do next
He has resumed communication with the base. He has discovered an underground ice deposit to get water, and produce oxygen with the water.
He will work out how to farm on Mars and grow plants with seeds.
Activity 4: Read the story again and work out its structure.
Beginning Brief introduction about when, where, who, what.
Main body Specific information of what the dangers were and how you managed to survive etc.
Ending Conclusion of your feeling.
Activity 5: Imagine you have to survive in a dangerous place. Plan your story by answering the questions.
Where is the dangerous place
(eg Antarctica, space and the jungle)
What are the dangers
(eg animals, the cold and no air)
How do you manage to survive
(eg catch fish, melt snow and make a fire)
How do you feel
(confident, anxious, optimistic, worried, disappointed and pessimistic)
Now write your story.
Activity 6: Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
Sample:
It’s been three days since I got separated from the other team members. We went hiking together on Monday, but became separated due to a heavy rainstorm. Without a compass, I lost direction, and now I am lost in dense jungle. There are no roads at all, so I have to make my own way step by step.
I have hurt both my hands quite badly from all the thorns — they are everywhere. To make things worse, I stumbled and sprained my ankle. The pain is killing me! Snakes, monkeys, insects and other animals appear from time to time. Yesterday, I heard the roar of a tiger from far away. I was terrified! I rub sticks together to make a fire every night to keep myself warm and safe. It’s really a difficult technique to master, and it takes me several frustrating and worrying attempts every evening. I have to remind myself to be calm and optimistic at every moment.
Food also worries me a lot. I’ve been eating berries to appease my hunger, but I have to be very careful to avoid anything poisonous. Today I have some luck when I find a stream which I can follow. It gives me great hope. No matter what happens, I’m confident that I can find my way out! This will have been the most memorable adventure of my life!
目标二: To talk about the survival of the fittest
Activity 1: Read the passage and answer the two questions.
1 What happened to the green lizards
What did they do to cope with it
They found themselves in trouble because a tougher species, the brown lizards, were introduced to the place where they live.
The green lizards moved higher up the trees and soon adapted to the new environment.
2 What is the main message of the passage
The main message is the survival of the fittest.
Activity 2: Work in groups. Find evidence to back up the main message and make notes. Do further research if necessary.
Evidence in nature:
The giraffe’s neck gets longer and longer in order to eat the high leaves.
The seeds of dandelion are getting lighter and lighter.
Evidence in society
To see further, humans began to walk upright.
The old are learning to use smart phones...
Activity 3: Talk about the main message in more detail and make notes.
What the message means to you: ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Situations that you could apply this message to:
______________________________________________
Examples:_____________________________________
______________________________________________
Activity 4: Prepare a short presentation. Consider the following：
1 the structure of your presentation
2 useful words, expressions and structures
Give your presentation to the class.
1 What is the structure of a survival story
2 What is your understanding of Darwin’s theory of evolution
