Unit 6 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
Learning Objectives 1 To know the difficulties and how to survive in different situations 2 To get the main idea of the passage, work out its structure, and express opinions about urban development and wildlife protection
Learning activities
目标一: To know the difficulties and how to survive in different situations Activity 1: Look at the pictures and answer the questions. 1 What does each picture show 2 What difficulties would people have surviving in these situations A B C D E F Answers: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 2: Watch the video and answer the questions. 1 Where do the people in the video live 2 What difficulties do they face How do they overcome those difficulties 3 What part of the life there would be most challenging for you Why Answers: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
目标二: To get the main idea of the passage, work out its structure, and express opinions about urban development and wildlife protection Activity 1: Look at the pictures and answer the questions. fox leopard bear racoon chacma baboon hedgehog 1 Where would you normally expect to find these animals 2 Would you be surprised to see these animals in a city Why or why not 3 What problems could they encounter in cities Answers: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Do more research about these wild animals. Activity 2: Look at the title of the passage and the picture. Think about what the title means. Answer: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Now read the passage and check your answer. Activity 3: Read for main idea Task 1: Read the passage quickly and get the main idea of the passage. Answer: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 2: Read and summarize what each paragraph is mainly about. Para. 1: ________________________________________________________________________ Para. 2: ________________________________________________________________________ Para. 3: ________________________________________________________________________ Para. 4: ________________________________________________________________________ Para. 5: ________________________________________________________________________ Para. 6: ________________________________________________________________________ Task 3: Choose the topic sentences for Paragraphs 2-5 and write them on the lines to complete the passage. a One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. b People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration. c For those animals that don’t adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place. d Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many benefits. Answers: _______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 4: Read for information. Task 1: Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram. More and more wild animals are entering citiesReasons for migration: Urban development and climate change push the animals 1 ____________ 2___________ _____________ _____________Benefits of cities for animals: Appealing spaces as habitats. 3___________ _____________ _____________ 4___________ _____________ _____________Animals’ adaption to cities: Urban animals are more 5___________ ____________. 6___________ _____________ _____________Dangers for some animals: 7_________ __________ 8_________ __________ __________We should learn to better understand and appreciate our wild neighbours, and 9 ________________________________________.
Answers: Now think about what people can do to achieve a balance between the need for urban development and the protection of wild animals Suggested answers: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task 2: Please work out the structure of the passage. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 5: Think & Share 1 How would you describe the relationship between people and urban animals in the passage 2 What figure of speech is used in the first paragraph Why does the author choose to start the passage this way 3 Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. Do you agree with this Give your reasons. Answers: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 8: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner. Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
Summary: 1 Can you think of other situations that are hard to survive 2 Do you have any suggestions that man and wild animals can harmoniously live together in the city Unit 6 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
Learning Objectives 1 To know the difficulties and how to survive in different situations 2 To get the main idea of the passage, work out its structure, and express opinions about urban development and wildlife protection
Learning activities
目标一: To know the difficulties and how to survive in different situations Activity 1: Look at the pictures and answer the questions. 1 What does each picture show 2 What difficulties would people have surviving in these situations A B C D E F Answers: 1 Picture A shows that an earthquake has happened. The road is cut off. Picture B tells us that a disease has broken out and is probably spreading. In the picture C, we can see a ship sinking. Picture D shows us a dense jungle. In the picture E, we can see an astronaut in space. Picture F shows us a severe drought. 2 In picture A, people would find it difficult to leave the area to find safety, or to receive supplies such as food, water, medicines and fuel. Power and communications may have been cut off by the earthquake. There is a risk of further quakes via an aftershock. In picture B, people may face difficulties such as quarantine, shortage of hospital services and panic-buying of essential medicines, food and other supplies. There may be misinformation and panic. In picture C, people who are unable to escape the ship on a lifeboat face the immediate dangers of drowning or of dying from exposure. Those who do escape on a lifeboat need to ration their food and water, and hope for rescue as soon as possible. In picture D, people would find it difficult to travel and navigate. It would also be difficult to find food and water. Wild animals and venomous insects are also potential problems. In picture E, space is the most extreme environment for human beings. They face danger from extreme temperatures, low pressures and radiation. They must carry everything they need with them, even air. The lack of gravity makes simple actions such as eating, drinking, moving and even sleeping difficult. Anyone who spends too long in a zero-gravity environment risks losing bone and muscle mass. In picture F, without water, people and livestock face death within a short period of time. In addition to water shortages, drought causes crop failure, so people would face food shortages as well. This could affect people who do not live in the drought-affected area. Severe food shortages can cause famine, migration, collapse of social order and war. Activity 2: Watch the video and answer the questions. 1 Where do the people in the video live 2 What difficulties do they face How do they overcome those difficulties 3 What part of the life there would be most challenging for you Why Answers: 1 Antarctica 2 1)They have to endure extreme weather including freezing temperatures, fierce winds and strong blizzards. When they go outside the stations, they wear special clothes for protection. As weather can change from calm to white-out in minutes, people have to take a special survival bag in case they are trapped outside overnight. 2) One of the most difficult things is the long days and nights. They may cause issues with the scientists’ body clocks. The darkness also makes outdoor research impossible. 3) It is almost impossible to grow fresh produce there because of the extreme conditions, and most food is imported. It is difficult for scientists to have a varied diet, and they can’t get enough fresh fruit and vegetables. 4) They have to face psychological problems. To keep the scientists psychologically healthy, research stations offer activities and entertainment including live music and lectures. 3 Your own answers
目标二: To get the main idea of the passage, work out its structure, and express opinions about urban development and wildlife protection Activity 1: Look at the pictures and answer the questions. fox leopard bear racoon chacma baboon hedgehog 1 Where would you normally expect to find these animals 2 Would you be surprised to see these animals in a city Why or why not 3 What problems could they encounter in cities Answers: 1 In the wild. 2 Yes. Because they are normally in the wild, and they are sometimes dangerous for humans. It’s also difficult for them to find shelters and food in the cities. 3 They may have difficulty finding food, shelter and mates. If people find them, they may be trapped or killed. Do more research about these wild animals. Activity 2: Look at the title of the passage and the picture. Think about what the title means. Answer: The title means the wild animals within the cities. Now read the passage and check your answer. Activity 3: Read for main idea. Task 1: Read the passage quickly and get the main idea of the passage. Answer: The passage explains the impact of human urbanization process on wildlife by introducing the phenomenon of wild animals entering the cities, the reasons behind, their living conditions and the problems encountered in the cities and so on. Task 2: Read and summarize what each paragraph is mainly about. Para. 1: The phenomenon of more and more wild animals entering cities. Para. 2: The reasons why the wild animals are out of their natural habitats. Para. 3: Benefits of cities for wild animals. Para. 4: The wild animals can adapt to cities and become more intelligent. Para. 5: The cities can be dangerous for some wild animals. Para. 6: We should learn to appreciate wild animals and harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. Task 3: Choose the topic sentences for Paragraphs 2-5 and write them on the lines to complete the passage. a One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. b People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration. c For those animals that don’t adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place. d Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many benefits. Answers: Para.2—b Para.3—d Para.4—a Para.5—c Activity 4: Read for information. Task 1: Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram. More and more wild animals are entering citiesReasons for migration: Urban development and climate change push the animals 1 ____________ 2___________ _____________ _____________Benefits of cities for animals: Appealing spaces as habitats. 3___________ _____________ _____________ 4___________ _____________ _____________Animals’ adaption to cities: Urban animals are more 5___________ ____________. 6___________ _____________ _____________Dangers for some animals: 7_________ __________ 8_________ __________ __________We should learn to better understand and appreciate our wild neighbours, and 9 ________________________________________.
Answers: 1 out of their natural habitats. 2 Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us. 3 Out of reach from many of their natural predators, these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives. 4 Hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers we throw away. 5 intelligent than their wild cousins 6 Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes. 7 Some birds crash into windows because they are unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass. 8 Some birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings. 9 look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats Now think about what people can do to achieve a balance between the need for urban development and the protection of wild animals Suggested answers: a. Humans build cities not only to make themselves live, also want to let the wild animals to survive. b. When building cities, humans should not occupy the living space of wild animals. c. It is a sign of modern civilization to let wild animals find habitat in cities just like human beings, which can contribute to a good biodiversity and a complete ecology. Task 2: Please work out the structure of the passage. PhenomenonReasonsBenefitsAdaptionDangersConclusion
Activity 5: Think & Share 1 How would you describe the relationship between people and urban animals in the passage 2 What figure of speech is used in the first paragraph Why does the author choose to start the passage this way 3 Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. Do you agree with this Give your reasons. Answers: 1 I think people and urban animals are interrelated in the passage. On one hand, the animals entering cities may cause the loss of human property and pose a risk to personal safety. On the other hand, people could also destroy the habitats of animals to some extent and even threaten their lives. 2 In the first paragraph, the author uses personification to describe what urban animals are doing, with the aim of attracting readers’ attention. 3 Possible version one: I agree that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. As the range of human beings grow, people need more land and resources, which may lead to human habitations overlapping with those of wild animals. Faced with such conflicts, human beings often choose to reduce the habitats of animals or drive them out of their habitats, which eventually, may lead to the extinction of some wild animals. Possible version two: I don’t think that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals. First of all, human beings need habitations to survive. Secondly, urban development means economic growth, which means that people can live a better life. Finally, according to the theory of evolution, only the fittest can be survived from natural selection. Activity 8: Find the important words, phrases, and language points you want to share with your partner. Then discuss in groups and share their usage with the class. 1 greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的 【教材原文】 [1]Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn’t hesitate. 贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。 【归纳拓展】 be greedy for sth. 渴望得到某物 be greedy to do sth. 渴望去做某事 【句型分析】句中[1] 为现在分词短语作时间状语 2 commit vt.犯（错误或罪行）；自杀vt.&vi.使承担义务，作出保证 【教材原文】[1]No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him. 不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。 【归纳拓展】 commit a mistake 犯错误 commit a crime 犯罪 commit suicide 自杀 commit sb./oneself to（doing）sth.承诺（做）某事 commit sth.to（doing）sth.把某物投入到某事上 be committed to（doing）sth.尽力做某事，承诺做某事 commitment [C]承诺[U]投入 make a commitment 作出承诺 【句型分析】句中[1] No matter how 引导让步状语从句。 3 take over 接管 【教材原文】[1]With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost [2] as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals. 伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。 【句型分析】本句中[1] “With foxes in London，mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong”是with复合结构，此处是介词短语作宾补。 [2] as if 引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像” 4 be responsible for 是造成......的原因；为......负责 Most of us would assume [1]that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats. 我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原因。 【句型分析】句中[1]为宾语从句，句中动词“assume”译为“假定、设想”，名词形式为“assumption”。 5 [1]However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all -[2] it’s we humans who have moved into their territory. 无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。 【句型分析】句中[1]However 引导让步状语从句。 本句为强调句型，强调主语we humans。 6 have no choice but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择 【教材原文】With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us. 既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。 【归纳拓展】 have no choice/alternative but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择 （2）do nothing but do sth.只是做某事 （3）have nothing to do but do sth. 无事可做，只有做某事 （4）there is nothing to do but do sth. 无事可做，只有做某事 7 look for 寻找 【教材原文】[1]As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals [2]looking for new habitats. 随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。 【句型分析】As引导时间状语从句，：as意为“随着” [2] looking for现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals 8 throw away 扔掉 【教材原文】What’s more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [1]we throw away. 而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。 【句型分析】句中[1]we throw away 作为定语从句修饰leftovers 9 figure out理解，弄清楚 There is evidence [1] that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, [2] as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers [3]which they would not find in the wild. 有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。 【句型分析】[1]that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。[2]as引导原因状语从句；[3]which 引导定语从句，修饰other containers。 10 fit in with与（某人）合得来；适应......; 与......相一致 【教材原文】Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes. 为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。 【归纳拓展】 fit in 相处融洽；适应 fit adj.健康的，强健的；适合的，恰当的 keep fit（=keep healthy）保持健康 be fit for适合... be fit to do sth.适合做某事 11 at speeds of 以......的速度 【教材原文】Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour. 无法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。 12 die from 死于 amount to等同；接近；总计 Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population. 近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。 13 One theory behind this is [1]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes [2]that take them through cities with high-rise buildings. 一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。 [1]that引导表语从句；[2]that引导定语从句，修饰名词routes。 14 adapt to 适应...... 【教材原文】[1]However they adapt to our ways of urban living, [2]it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours. 不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。 【句型分析】[1]However 引导让步状语从句。 [2]it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 15 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. 只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。 【句型分析】本句为“only+状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。 16 for sure 毫无疑问 Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure—as it’s often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay. 无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。 【句型分析】Whatever引导让步状语从句。
Summary: 1 Can you think of other situations that are hard to survive 2 Do you have any suggestions that man and wild animals can harmoniously live together in the city
