人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词讲解课件(共103张PPT)

(共103张PPT)
选择性必修二
ENGLISH
Words and Expressions
1.__________ adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→______________adv.严重地
2.______________ adj. 沮丧的→______________ adj. 令人沮丧的
→___________v. 挫败，使灰心→_____________n.挫败，沮丧
3.__________________adj. 相互矛盾的→______________v. 与…相矛盾
→_______________n.不一致 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾/相反
4. ______________v. 使感染;传染→______________n.感染
→______________ adj. 有传染性的→______________ adj. 受感染的
5.______________ vi.认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期捐助
→______________ n. 订阅人 subscribe to 赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助
【区】describe v.描述
6.　　　　　 n.证据→　　　　　 vt.证明 【复】proofs
-proof 作为后缀 ：防..的 waterproof 防水的 bulletproof 防弹的 windproof 防风的
severe
severely
frustrated
frustrating
frustrate
frustration
contradictory
contradict
infect
infection
infected
infection
contradiction
subscribe
subscriber
proof
prove
7._____________ adj. 数量多的→______________v.乘 ;倍增
8.pump n. 泵 v.（用泵）抽出
9. household n.一家人 adj.家用的 household appliances 家用电器
10.suspect [s 'spekt] v.怀疑 ['s spekt] n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人
→_____________ adj.可疑的 /s sp s/
suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做过某事
11.blame v.把…归咎于...; 责怪 n.责任; 责备
①blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
②be to blame (for sth.) (因某事)应受责备
③take the blame (for sth.) (对某事)承担责任
12.handle n.把手 ； v.处理；操作
【同】 处理 ：solve/tackle/deal with
multiple
multiply
suspicious
13.________________ n.干预→______________v.干预
14.____________ n.[C]纽带; 链接& v.把...连接起来
①There is a link between A and B A与B之间有联系
② link A to/with B 把A和B联系起来
③be linked to/with B 与...相关
15.____________ adj. 生的；未经处理的 raw material 原料
16.____________ adj.干净的；纯的 →______________v.净化/ pj r fa /
17.________________adj.大量的; 价值大→_______________n. 物质;实质 / s bst ns/
18.____________n.减少 v.减少 ；降低
【同】reduce v./r dju s/； drop； fall 【反】 increase v. 增加
decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到……
decrease by... 减少了…
intervention
intervene
link
raw
pure
purify
substantial
substance
decrease
19.thanks to +好原因 幸亏；因为【同】：due to ； as a result of ；because of
20.____________ vt.使改观 vi.转变→ ________________ n.转化；改变
①transform A into B 把A变成B
②A be transformed into B A被(从B)变成C
transport n.运输； translate v. 翻译 transmit v. 传输
21.________________ n.显微镜→______________v.望远镜→______________ n.微波炉
22.creative thinking 创造性思维； critical thinking 批判性思维
23. epidemiology n.流行病学 epidemics /,epi'demiks/ n.流行病；
24._____________ n.[C]病毒→___________adj. 病毒性的 go viral 走红
25._____________adj.最初的；开始的 n.首字母→___________adv.最初
26._________ adj.固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体→__________adj.液体的 n.液体/ l kw d/
transfrom
transfromation
microscope
telescope
microwave
virus
viral
initial
initially
solid
liquid
27. ____________v. 投掷 cast light on 使……清楚 ；sb be cast down 失望的
28.____________ vt.倒出 pour down 倾盆而下; 下大雨
29.___________ n.混凝土；adj. 具体的→______________adv.具体地
30.____________adj.爱国的→______________n.爱国主义 / p tri t z m/
31.break out(战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始;爆发
break down 出故障 break into强行闯入
break away from 脱离 break up 打碎;分手 break through突破
32.　　　　　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解→　　　 　　 n.防御;保卫
defend sb against/from 保护某人免受… ； in defence of 为...辩护;自卫
33.　　　　　 n.助理;售货员→　　　　　 vt.帮助→　　　　　 n.帮助
assist sb with sth 帮助某人某事 ； with the assistance of... 在...的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
cast
pour
concrete
concretely
patriotic
patriotism
defend
defense/defence
assistant
assist
assistance
34. charge n./v. 管理；收费；控诉；充电
sb be in charge of sth /take charge of 主管...
sth be in the charge of sb 由...负责
free of charge 免费
35.　　　　　 adj.有天赋的→　　　 n.礼物;天赋
【同】talented adj.有天赋的→ talent n.天赋
have a gift/talent for =be gifted /talented in...... 在...方面有天赋
e down with 患(病) 【区】calm down 冷静下来
come across偶然遇到 come up with 提出(想法）
37.　　　　　adj.抽象的 n.摘要 【反】concrete具体的)
38.　　　　　 adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→　　　　　 adv.平稳地;持续地
gifted
gift
abstract
steady
steadily
39.　　　　 　 n.天文学家→　　　　　　n.天文学→ n.宇航员/ str n t/
40._____________ adv.此外 【同】 furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition,
41. above all 最重要的是
all in all 总而言之 ； after all 毕竟；in all 总共；first of all 首先；not at all 一点也不
42._____________ n. 弱点；过错 find fault with 挑剔；批评
43._____________ n.改变；轮班 v.转移
the day/night shift 白班 /夜班
44.　　　　　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→　　　　　 adv.生动地
astronomer
astronomy
astronaut
besides
fault
shift
vivid
vividly
1. cholera ['k l r ]: 霍乱 /U/
have/deveplop/get cholera: 感染霍乱
2. severe [s 'v (r)]: adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的
severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地
- a severe winter 严冬
- severe competition 激烈的竞争 a heated/intense discussion 激烈的讨论
- a severe crisis严重的危机
- be severe with oneself 严于律己
-be severely punished受到严厉处罚
- a severely polluted lake 被严重污染的河
比较级 more severe 最高级 most severe
3. diarrhoea[ da 'r ] n.腹泻
(the runs: 腹泻)
have/get diarrhoea/the runs:
腹泻; 拉肚子
4. dehydration [ di ha 'dre n]: n. 脱水
dehydrate vt. 使脱水，使干燥;
vi.（人体的）脱水，失水
死于严重脱水
die from severe dehydration
5.frustrated　adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
=depressed / down / upset
feel/be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻止；使沮丧
frustration n. 挫折
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
A wave of frustration took hold of / seized him completely.
一股沮丧的情绪完全攫住了他。
He was overwhelmed/overcome with a wave of frustration.
他感到一阵挫败。
Lily sat in his empty shop feeling extremely ____________ (frustrate).
frustrated
6. once and for all 最终地; 彻底地
同义词：completely/entirely/totally/thoroughly
我们得彻底解决这个难题。
We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all.
all相关短语：
all in all 总而言之 after all 毕竟
first of all 首先 above all 最重要的是
once and for all 最终地；彻底地
1. The problem can be solved once and for all, if you do that.
如果你那样做，问题就能彻底得到解决。
2. All at once, a rabbit came out of a hole.
突然，一只兔子从一个洞中跑了出来。
at once 立刻，马上
once and again 一而再，再三
all at once 突然；同时
完成句子
①The teacher has warned the student ．
那位老师最终警告了那个学生。
②Of course, such an overweening purpose did not develop ．
当然，如此自负的目的并不是突然闪现的。
③Finally I found out the right method after experimenting ．
经过反复试验，我终于找到了正确的方法。
once and for all
all at once
once and again
7. contradictory [ k ntr 'd kt ri]:adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的 = inconsistent / nk n s st nt/
two contradictory theories 两个相互矛盾的理论
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾/相反
contradict v. 反驳; 与…相矛盾
8. infection[ n'fek n]:n. 感染;传染
infect [ n'fekt]:vt. 使感染;传染
infection n. 感染；传染
1. Surgeons wear masks to prevent the spread of infection.
外科医生戴着口罩以防止传染(病)的传播。
2. Measles is a highly infectious disease that causes deaths, but is fully preventable by vaccination.
麻疹是一种传染性很强的疾病，会造成死亡，但通过接种疫苗是完全可以预防的。
(1) prevent infection 防止感染
skin infection 皮肤感染
(2) infect vt. 使感染；传染
be infected with/by 被感染
(3) infected adj. 感染的
(4) infectious adj. 传染性的
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We shouldn’t look down upon people (infect) with HIV.
② Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown.
③ Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected the flu.
④ This new (infect) disease has caused many deaths all over the world.
⑤ People should take protective measures before going out to .
人们在出门前应该做好防护措施以防止感染。
infected
infection
with
infectious
prevent infection
9.germ [d m]:n.[C]微生物; 细菌; 病菌
virus [ va r s]: n.[C]病毒;
viral/ va r l/ adj. 病毒性的 go viral 疯狂传播,走红
bacterium [b k t r m]: n. 细菌
(pl: bacteria [b k t ri ])
10. subscribe　vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
subscribe to　同意，赞同；订购；订阅；捐助
subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购，定期交纳（会费）
1. I subscribed to several magazines.
我订了几份杂志。
2. We subscribe to several sports channels on TV.
我们付费收看好几个体育频道。
3. We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation.
我们更赞同另一种解释。
4. He is one of the millions who subscribe to the NSPCC.
他是数百万个定期向英国全国防止虐待儿童协会捐款的人士之一。
(1) subscribe to 同意；赞同；定期订购/订阅等；定期捐助
(2) subscription n. 捐助；订阅
an annual subscription 一年期订阅
take out a subscription to Newsweek 订阅《新闻周刊》
(3) subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Some even offer a (subscribe) service with quarterly or even monthly updates.
② Many companies (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.
③ Write away now for the free album offered to every new (subscribe).
④ He the view that children benefit from being independent.
他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。
subscription
have subscribed
subscriber
subscribes to
11. proof[pru f]:n.[C&U]证据; 证明; 检验
proofs 复数
prove v.证实，证明；证明是；结果是
12. multiple ['m lt pl]: adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
multiply v.大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖
multi- 前缀 “多种”
multimedia 多媒体/多媒体的
multinational 多国的
multifunctional 多功能的
multicultural 多元文化的
If you multiply 7 by 3, you get 21. 三七二十一 。
13. pump[p mp]:n.[C]泵; 抽水机; 打气筒
v.（用泵）抽出；涌出,涌流,奔流; 快速摇动；
water pump: 水泵
My heart was pumping/racing with excitement.
我激动得心里怦怦直跳 。
14. household ['ha sh ld]:n.[C]一家人;家庭; 同住一套房子的人
adj.家用的;全家的;家喻户晓的
- household expenses / products 家庭开支/家用产品
-household/domestic chores家务活
- a household name一个家喻户晓的名字
-household appliances家用电器
15. suspect　vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
拓： suspicion n.怀疑
suspicious adj. 怀疑的；不信任的
= doubtful/skeptical / sceptical
suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任　
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
1. If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
如果你怀疑煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至不要打开电灯。
2. She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
3. We are appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁任何人看到犯罪嫌疑人后与我们联系。
(1) suspect that... 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2) a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We suspected the officer having a hand in the affair.
② Judging from his abnormal behaviour, I suspected him (be) a thief.
③ The police carrying drugs so they went through his bag, but found nothing.
警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此搜查了他的包，但什么也没发现。
of
to be
suspected him of
16. blame　vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责
blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责　
n. 责备；指责
1. He blamed his brother for breaking the window.
他责备他弟弟打破了窗户。
2. They blamed the failure on John’s intervention.
他们把失败的责任归咎于约翰的干涉。
3. The severe coldness is to blame for the increase in coal consumption.
天气寒冷导致煤的消耗上升。
4. If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.
如果发生那样的事，教练将对此承担责任。
(1) be to blame (for sth.) 该(为……)受责备；应该(为……)负责
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人
be blamed for 因……受谴责/责备
(2) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
lay/put the blame on 把责任归咎于……
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The failure of the experiment cannot be blamed him alone.
② Mary, rather than you, is (blame) for not finishing the work on time.
③ She blamed her husband the failure of their marriage.
④ (blame) by the teacher, Mary was pulling a long face.
⑤ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。
on
to blame
for
Blamed
put the blame on
17. handle n.[C]把手; 拉手; 柄&v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆/动物/工具等)
处理= solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope with/ address / process / approach/dispose of /attend to
turn the handle
the handle of a knife
写出下列句中handle的含义
①How to handle the machine is a puzzle to all the people there. ______
②He turned the handle and closed the door. ______
③They handle the problem once and for all. ______
操纵
把手
处理
18. intervention[ nt 'ven n]:n.介入; 出面; 干涉
armed / military intervention 武装/军事干涉
intervene/ nt vi n/v.干预/涉；调解
intervene in
19.link　n.联系；纽带
link n. 联系；纽带　
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
1. A chain is no stronger than its weakest link.
(谚语)一环薄弱，全链易断。
2. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
(1) a link between...(and...) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系)
(2) link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来
link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接，结合
be linked to/with... 与……有联系/有关
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Police suspected there may be a link the two murders.
② The video cameras (link) to a powerful computer.
③ The Channel Tunnel links Britain the rest of Europe.
④ The space shuttle will link up the space station this afternoon.
⑤ There is convincing proof that skin cancer exposure to the sun.
有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
between
are linked
with/to
with
is linked to
20. raw [r ]: adj. 未煮/生的; 未经处理的/原始的
rare五分熟的
- raw vegetables / meat 生的蔬菜/生肉
- raw materials / waste 原材料/未被处理的废弃物原材料
raw meat
cooked meat
21. pure[pj (r)]:adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的
pure gold / English 纯金/纯正的英语 by pure chance 纯属偶然
v. purify 使洁净，净化
bottled purified water
22. substantial[s b'st n l]: adj.大量的; 价值巨大/重大的;牢固的；实质性的
=considerable/numerous ; 价值巨大的; 重大的
证据确凿 substantial proof
大幅度的/戏剧性的/急剧的变化/减少
a substantial/dramatic/sharp change / decrease
拓：substance [ s bst ns]
n.[C&U] 物质;材料;实质
23. increase v. 增加
rise / go up / grow / surge / skyrocket/boom/swell
decrease [d 'kri s] v.减少; 减小; 降低
['di kri s] n.减少; 降低: 减少量
同义词: reduce/decline / go down / fall / drop /shrink
decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量　
vt.&vi.（使大小，数量等）减少；减小；降低
1. These measures will help decrease the cost of production.
这些措施有助于降低生产成本。
2. There is a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。
(1) decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
(2) on the decrease 正在减少
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The traffic accidents in the city decreased 40% last year.
② The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease 150 in 1850 to 26 today.
③ Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is .
由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。
by
from
on the decrease
as a result of
as a consequence of
because of
due to
on account of
24. thanks to幸亏；由于
thanks to 幸亏；由于
1. Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
2. Thanks to the intervention of the UN, the crisis was tackled successfully.
由于联合国的介入，这次危机得以成功解决。
3. As a result of his hard work, Tom passed the exam easily.
由于努力学习，汤姆轻松地通过了这次考试。。
表示“由于”的短语还有：
on account of　
owing to　
due to
because of　
as a result of
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Thanks the correct leadership of the Party, China has entered a stage of rapid development.
② The town was cut off from the rest of the world because the heavy snow.
③ your help, we finished the work in time.
由于你的帮助，我们及时完成了工作。
to
of
Thanks to/Because of/ Owing to...
25. statistic[st 't st k]:n.[C](常用复数)统计数字;统计资料; 统计学
人口统计population statistics
figure [ f ɡ (r)]: n. 数字; 身材; 人物
data数据
26. transform　vt.使改观；使改变形态
vi.改变；转变
trans- transfer转移 transmit传输/导/染
transport运输 transplant移植 translate翻译
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态　vi.改变；转变
1. The magician transformed the frog into a princess.
魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。
2. We can transform the world with our knowledge.
我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。
3. Tom seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first class player.
汤姆似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
(1) transform A into B 把A变成B
transform into 转变成；转化成；改造为
be transformed from A into B 由A变成B
(2) transformation n. 改变；转换；改观
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The way in which we work has undergone a complete (transform) in the past decade.
② The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl
a superstar.
③ “Made in China 2025” initiative aims to a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power.
“中国制造2025”旨在把中国从制造业大国转变成世界制造业强国。
transformation
into
transform China from
27. epidemiology[ ep di mi' l d i]:n.流行病学
epidemics / ep dem k/n.流行病；
microscope ['ma kr sk p]:n.[C]显微镜
拓： microphone 麦克风 microwave微波炉 ；
binoculars[b n kj l z]:n.(用复数)双筒望远镜
telescope/ tel sk p/: n.[C]望远镜
28. thinking n.[U]思想; 思维; 见解
thought n.[C]思想；关心；想法；思考
comes up with new thoughts 提出新的想法
on second thoughts经重新斟酌
at the thought of 一想到……
critical thinking 批判性思维
29.
protein['pr ti n]:n. 蛋白质
high protein food
30. cell[sel]:n.[C]细胞; 小房间; 单间牢房
the cell / mobile phone 手机/移动电话
31. virus ['va r s]:n.[C]病毒
viral / va r l/adj. 病毒性的
go viral 像病毒般扩散；走红
What I never expect is that almost overnight, this video would go viral. （be a big hit）
viruses 复数
32.finding['fa nd ]:n.[C]发现;调查结果; (法律)判决
33.initial [ 'n l]:adj.最初的; 开始的;第一的 (用于名词前)
最初的=original / first / previous
-at / in the initial stages of something 在某事物的初始阶段
- the initial letter of a word 单词的首字母
initially adv.开始; 最初
initiative [ n t v]: n. 倡议; 新方案
34. vaccine['v ksi n]:n.[C&U]疫苗
接种新冠疫苗get/receive a Covid-19 vaccine
vaccinate / v ks ne t/v. 给……接种疫苗
35. framework ['fre mw k]: n.[C]框架，结构
set off fireworks放烟花 housework homework
基本理论框架 the basic theoretical framework
36. solid ['s l d]: adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体
solid evidence确凿证据
a solid foundation 坚实的基础
solid fuel/food固体燃料/食物
a solid ball 实心球
liquid / l kw d/: adj.液体的, 液态的 & n.液体
gas 气体
37. cast [kɑ st]:v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)
cast a glimpse/ɡl mps/ of 一瞥
cast--cast
cast vt. (cast，cast) 投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
1. The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.
橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。
2. She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.
她向他微笑以示欢迎。
3. The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.
价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。
4. Don’t let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment. Try again.
不要让自己被实验中一个小小的失败所打倒。再试一次。
cast/run an eye/one’s eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看
cast/shed/throw light on sth. 使(问题等)较容易理解
be cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Anyone would be cast by such news as that.
② The moon (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.
③ Those clouds would have that would have blocked some sunlight out.
那些云朵原本会投射出阴影，挡住一些太阳光。
down
cast
cast shadows
38. shadow [' d ]: n.[C]影子；阴影/阴暗处；黑眼圈
v.投阴影于……
cast a shadow on... 在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影
shadow play 皮影戏
shadows under sb.’s eyes 某人的黑眼圈
in/under the shadow of被...的光彩所掩盖
38. rainbow['re nb ]:n.彩虹
rainfall 降雨 rainstorm暴风雨
raindrop雨滴 rainforest热带雨林
rain 雨水 +bow n.弓形物，弓
39. pour[p (r)]:v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)
pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)
pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下；
-rain/pour cats and dogs下倾盆大雨
pour into/in 涌进
It never rains but it pours .祸不单行。
Tears of sadness poured down her face/ cheeks.
悲伤的泪水从她脸上/脸颊流了下来。
流泪：
tears pour/ roll/run/ stream/ flow down one’s cheek
40. concrete ['k kri t]:adj.混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的 & n.[U]混凝土
concretely adv.具体地（反 abstractly抽象地，理论上地）
41. patriotic [ pe tri' t k]: adj. 爱国的
a great patriotic poet 爱国诗人
patriotic youth爱国青年
拓：patriotism/ p tri t z m/n. 爱国主义；爱国精神
patriot/ p tri t/ n.爱国者
42. mechanical [m 'k n kl] adj. 机械的; 发动机的; 机器的
拓：mechanic [m 'k n k] n. 机械师; 机械修理工
break-broke-broken
43. break out　(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
1. After the epidemic broke out, the whole country united to fight against it.
疫情暴发后，全国上下团结一心，共同抗击疫情。
2. Our car broke down and we felt cast down.
我们的汽车坏了，我们感到很沮丧。
3. Never break in while others are talking.
别人说话的时候千万不要插嘴。
4. It was money trouble that broke up their marriage.
他们是因钱的问题才婚姻破裂的。
(1) break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break up 打破；分裂；解体
break through 突破
(2) break out, happen, occur, take place 等动词(短词)表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The family had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939.
1939年战争爆发前不久这家人逃到了美国。
② Many people the poverty barrier in 2020 with the assistance of our government.
2020年在我们政府的帮助下很多人摆脱了贫困的障碍。
③ Your health will if you don’t pay attention to regular exercise.
如果你不注意定期锻炼，你的身体会垮掉。
④ Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers your house.
仔细关好门窗，避免陌生人闯入家中。
broke out
broke through
break down
breaking into
44. defend[d 'fend]v.保卫; 防守; 辩解
defend our motherland 保卫祖国
defend against enemies 抵御外敌
拓：defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；防守的；百般辩解的
with a defensive look带着防卫的表情
defend vt. 保护；保卫；辩护
1. It is impossible to defend against/from an all-out attack.
防御全面进攻是不可能的。
2. Mary demonstrated how best to defend oneself.
玛丽示范最有效的自卫方法。
3. The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.
士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
(1) defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
(2) defend...from/against 保护……以免受；防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves
some attacks.
② When the dog attacked the boy, he defended (he) with a stick.
③ He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers (defend) him.
④ All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in (defend) of their own homes.
⑤ The dam was built to away by the sea.
建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
against/from
himself
to defend
defence
defend the road from being washed
45. jet[d et]: n.喷气式飞机
a jet lag 时差
46.assistant[ 's st nt]:n.助理; 助手
an assistant teacher 助理教师 an assistant to.… ……的助手
assistance n.帮助，援助
with the assistance / help / aid of 在…的帮助下
under the guidance of 在…的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
assist v.帮助
assist sb. in doing sth.
assist sb to do sth.
assist sb with sth.
47. charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量
in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动）
1. The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.
这位厨师负责管理帮厨。
2. Dr Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
史密斯大夫受命负责这个部门。
3. All the drinks including beer are free of charge.
全部饮料包括啤酒在内都是免费的。
(1) take charge of 掌管/负责……
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
free of charge＝for free 免费
(2) charge v. 收费；要价；控告；充电
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
单句语法填空/完成句子
① As long as you’e paid in advance, we won’t charge you delivery.
② The police charged the thief stealing the jewels.
③ A series of activities related to study and sports are the charge of the students in the English Department.
④ We all hope you will the organization of the school art festival.
我们都希望你负责这次校园艺术节的组织工作。
for
with
in
be in charge of/take charge of
48.missile ['m sa l]:n.导弹
fire〔launch〕a missile 发射导弹
nuclear weapons 核武器
atomic energy 原子能/ nuclear energy 核能
49. leadership n.领导地位；领导才能
- under sb.’s leadership = under the leadership of sb. 在某人的领导下
membership、friednship、hardship
championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号
ownership n. 所有权，物主身份 scholarship 奖学金
leader n.领袖；领导者
lead v.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅
lead a ...life 过着...生活
lead the way 带路
lead to 导致；造成；通向
leading adj. 领导的；主要的
50. trace v.追溯; 追踪; 查出
n.[C&U]痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹
trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出　n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
1. He traces his descent back to an old Norman family.
他的血统可追溯至一个古老的诺曼家庭。
2. The police traced the call to her ex husband’s number.
警方追查出电话号码是她前夫的。
3. It’s exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.
发现早期文明的遗迹真令人兴奋。
trace sth. (back) (to sth.) 追溯(某物到……)
trace your ancestry/origins/roots 追溯你的血统/起源/根源
trace the history of sth. 追溯……的历史
单句语法填空/完成句子
① His father claims to be able to trace the family back many centuries ago.
② These quotations cannot readily (trace) to their sources.
③ The police have detected trace of the murderer after several days of investigation.
④ His fear of dogs can a childhood experience.
他对狗的恐惧可追溯到他童年时的一次经历。
to
be traced
the
be traced back to
51. outstanding adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的
杰出的 splendid/remarkable/exceptional/splendid/superb/brilliant
outstanding performance/achievement
an outstanding figure 杰出人才
明显的=apparent / evident / distinct / clear
stand out 突出；站出来；杰出
52. gifted　adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的= talented be gifted in ...　 在……方面有天赋　
be gifted with... 天生具备……
have a gift/talent for... 有……的天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
e down　患(病)；染上(小病)
come down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
1. I think I am coming down with flu.
我想我得了流感。
2. What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come true
你还知道有哪些科幻小说和电影中的预言已经变成了现实吗？
3. We do not know when this world came into being.
我们不知道世界是何时形成的。
4. Is that the best excuse you can come up with
那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？
come up with 提及；讨论；想出
come down 下来；降落
come about 发生
come to 总共，合计；苏醒
come across 偶然遇见，碰见；发现
come out (太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知
come into being 形成，产生
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Little Thomas chicken pox at the weekend.
小托马斯周末感染了水痘。
② I a group of children playing in the street.
在街上我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。
③ New stars continued to from the gas clouds of the disk.
新的恒星继续从圆盘中的气体云中形成。
④ Several of the members have suggestions of their own.
有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
⑤ Can you tell me how the accident
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
came down with
came across
come into being
come up with
came about
54. abstract [' bstr kt]: adj.抽象的；n.（文献等的）摘要
abstractly adv.抽象地 (反)concretely
55. steady adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
make steady progress 稳步进展
at a steady pace 以稳定的速度
a steady income/ job 稳定的收入/工作 a secure job铁饭碗
steadily adv.稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地
56. astronomer[ 'str n m (r)]:n.[C]天文学家
astronaut n 宇航员=spaceman
astronomy[ 'str n mi]:n.天文学
astronomical/ str n m k( )l/adj.天文学的；极巨大的
57. besides [b 'sa dz]: prep. 除…之外(还)
=as well as /in addition to /plus
adv. 而且;此外
=what’s more /moreover / furthermore / additionally /in addition /plus/ also / as well
58. brilliant['br lj nt]: adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的
brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地;出色地; 精彩地; 高明地
have a deep insight into our brilliant traditional Chinese culture
深刻了解我们灿烂的中华传统文化
59.above all　最重要的是；尤其是
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
1. Schooling requires above all that students learn, solve problems and think abstractly.
学校教育首先要求学生学习、解决问题并进行抽象思维。
2. Never waste anything, and above all never waste time.
不要浪费任何东西，尤其是不要浪费时间。
3. All in all, things worked out for the better.
总的来说，情况有所好转了。
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
at all 根本；全然
after all 毕竟；终究
in all 总共；总计
all in all 总的来说，总而言之
first of all 首先，第一
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We go to school to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school, we can continue to learn.
我们上学最重要的是学会如何学习，这样，当我们离开学校时，我们就能继续学习。
② Don’t get discouraged by setbacks. We are new to the work ．
别因挫折而灰心。这工作对我们来说毕竟还是陌生的。
③ , the display has been a great success.
总的来说，表演非常成功。
④ If you want to speak good English, you should listen to fluent English as often as possible.
如果你想说好英语，首先你应该尽可能经常地听流利的英语。
above all
after all
All in all
first of all
60.fault [f lt] n.弱点; 过错
拓：faulty adj.不完美的；有缺陷的 =imperfect
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
fault n. 弱点；过错
1. The police arrived at the scene and concluded that the driver was at fault.
警方到达现场，断定这是司机的责任。
2. You are too ready to find fault with other people.
你太喜欢挑别人的毛病了。
3. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my fault
不是我的错为什么要我道歉？
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
单句语法填空/完成句子
① I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault my work.
② I think the owners are fault for not warning us.
③ There is no perfect person. Don’t always him.
没有完美的人。不要总是挑他的毛病。
with
at
find fault with
61. shift n.[C]改变; 转换; 轮班 & v.转移; 挪动; 转向
- a shift in the wind 风向有变
-the shift key (计算机)转换键
- be on the day / night shift 值白/夜班
- shift work 轮班工作
- shift the furniture 搬家具
- shift the media’s attention 转移媒体的注意力
62. vivid adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
vividly adv.生动地
a vivid description/account / imagination
生动的描述/叙述/丰富的想象力