2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 专题二 第1讲 名词辨析 课件 (共22张PPT)

(共22张PPT)
专 题 二
用法丰富的名词、形容词和副词
第1讲 名词辨析
3
随堂检测
（10年42考，近10年连续考查；选择填空、完形填空）
2
课标知识导图
1
考情概览
考情概览
成都近10年中考在选择填空、完形填空中连续考查名词辨析(10年42考)。具体考查角度如下：
①同类名词词义辨析：均在完形填空中考查，抽象类(10年10考)，身份类(10年6考)，实物类(10年4考)，方位类(10年2考)，身体部位类(2020A.47, 2015A.54)，动物类(2021A.54)，季节类(2018A.47)，时间类(2016A.54)，地点类(2016A.63)，学科类(2014A.61)，阶段类(2015A.60)，饮食类(2015A.66)。
②不同类名词词义辨析：选择填空(2019A.31, 2015A.37)；完形填空(10年 9考)。
课标知识导图
名词辨析(10年42考)：①可数名词及其单复数(10年29考) ②只能修饰可数名词的词(组) ③不可数名词(10年13考) ④名词所有格 ⑤专有名词
可数名词及其单
复数
(10年29考)
1.单数：
(1)与不定冠词a/an连用，如a bird
(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
2.复数：可数名词表示>1时用复数，其前不能加不定冠词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
(1)规则变化
1)加-s
①parent→parents,book→books
(2017A.51),thing→things,festival→festivals,feeling→feelings,result→results:一般情况加-s
可数名词及其
单复数(10年2考)
2.复数：可数名词表示>1时用复数，其前不能加不定冠词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
(1)规则变化
1)加-s
②joke→jokes,prize→prizes(2021A.49):以ce,
ke,se,ze等结尾的词加-s
③boy→boys,toy→toys:以元音字母加-y结尾的词加-s
④radio→radios,zoo→zoos:以元音字母加-o
结尾的词加-s
2)加-es
①match→matches, bus→buses:以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-es(特例：stomach)
可数名词及其
单复数(10年2考)
2.复数：可数名词表示>1时用复数，其前不能加不定冠词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
(1)规则变化
2)加-es
②baby→babies, story→stories:以辅音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i,再加-es
③life→lives,leaf→leaves:以字母f/fe结尾的词变f/fe为v,再加-es
3)以辅音字母加-o结尾的词
①tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes:有生命的，加-es
②photo→photos, piano→pianos:无生命的，加-s
可数名词及其
单复数
(10年29考)
2.复数：可数名词表示>1时用复数，其前不能加不定冠词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
(2)不规则变化
①sheep→sheep,deer→deer, fish→fish:单复数同形
②man→men,woman→women:改a为e型；特例：human→humans
③foot→feet, tooth→teeth:改oo为ee型；特例：boot→boots
④child→children:在词尾加-ren
⑤mouse→mice:其他形式
可数名词及其单
复数
(10年2考)
2.复数：可数名词表示>1时用复数，其前不能加不定冠词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
(2)不规则变化
①Englishman→Englishmen:变man为men
②German→Germans, American→
Americans:词尾加-s
③Chinese→Chinese:不变形
6)表示“某国人”
只能修饰可数名词的词(组)
few,a few, several,many,a great/good/large number of,
quite a few等
不可数名词(10年13考)
1.常见
不可数名词
(1)soup, water, meat, paper,wood等→物质名词
(2)health,love等→抽象名词
(3)China,Canada等→专有名词
3.常见表示不可数名词的量的词组：a basket of, a box of,a bottle of等
the rest of money,a glass of milk, five bowls of rice,two pieces of bread等→数词/冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词
2.不可数
名词的量化表达方式
4.只能修饰不可数名词的词(组)
little,a little,much,a good/great deal of, a bit of,a large/small amount of等
5.既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词(组)
不可数名词(10年13考)
名词
所有格
1.-’s所有格
(1)加-’s
①my sister's book→有生命的单数名词
②China's development→表示时间、国家、距离等名词
③children's homework→名词复数不以-s结尾
④Tom and Peter's room→表示共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加-'s
⑤Emma's and Allen's bikes→表示各自拥有，在每个
名词后加-'s
a lot of,lots of, plenty of,all,some, most,
any,no, the rest of等
名词
所有格
1.-’s所有格
(2)名词复数以-s结尾，加’
①uncle's work→有生命的
②two hours' walk→无生命的
(3)节日类
①New Year's Day→名词加-'s
②Teachers' Day→名词复数加-’
③Children's Day,Women's Day→名词复数加-'s
2.of所有格
the top of the hill→一般用于表示无生命名词的所有关系
3.双重所有格
(1)a photo of Lucy's→of+-'s所有格
(2)a friend of mine→of+名词性物主代词
专有名词
1.Professor Smith, Doctor Brown→表示人名、尊称或头衔的专有名词
2.the United Nations, Harvard University→表示团体、机构或报刊的专有名词
3.Sunday, January,the Spring Festival→表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词
4.China,Chinatown, the Yellow River→表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词
5.the Great Wall, the White House→由普通名词构成的专有名词
随堂检测
基础小题
1. （2019成都A.31）—Sally's favorite _________is orange.
—I see. That's why all her sweaters are orange.
A. fruit B. color C. juice
2. Watching interesting movies with my friends brings me a lot of______.
A. doubt B. worry C. pleasure
B
C
3. When we arrived at the ________， we were told that the plane had been put off.
A. office B. airport C. station
4. The ________here are very polite to customers， so we often come here to eat.
A. actors B. guides C. waiters
5. Although the _________aren't clear， I can still remember the sweet time with my family.
A. photos B. maps C. signs
B
C
A
6. Thousands of ______ come to Chengdu every year because of its famous places of interest.
A. winners B. passengers C. tourists
7. Bill always keeps a proper distance from the desk to protect his _______　 when reading.
A. eyes B. ears C. arms
8. In most areas of China， it is a tradition to have ________during the Spring Festival.
A. cakes B. bread C. dumplings
C
A
C
9. _________ bedroom looks pretty. They take turns to clean it every day.
A. Lisa's and Sally's B. Lisa's and Sally C. Lisa and Sally's
10. These __________ found the problem of the new type of car. Luckily， they solved it in time.
A. doctors B. engineers C. reporters
11. I have learned to make lanterns. I can make them in different _____　 such as round or square.
A. sizes B. numbers C. shapes
C
B
C
12. Danny's mom agrees nothing is important than ______， so she asks Danny to do more exercise.　
A. housework B. health C. wealth
13. —We shouldn't depend on others all the time.
—You're right， or we will lose the _________ of thinking.
A. ability B. courage C. power
B
A
语篇提能
Passage（2023眉山改编）
Rain was loudly hitting my window when I woke up. Holidays are my only 　1　 to sleep in， but I couldn't sleep because of the sound of the rain. My brain was awake and full of 　2　， so I decided to get up and finish my project.
( )1. A. treasure B. accident C. chance
( )2. A. ways B. rules C. ideas
C
C
I went to a coffee shop and started taking 　3 on what was happening around me. When I looked at the parking lot， an elderly couple in a car caught my 　4　. After parking， the woman got out and went to help her husband out of the car. Then they entered the　5　 hand in hand.
( )3. A. notes B. courses C. risks
( )4. A. memory B. attention C. praise
( )5. A. shop B. school C. office
A
B
A
As soon as they came inside， a race car appeared in the parking lot. With its four 　6　 open， I saw several teenagers. The young man who was driving it had turned up the 　7　 so high that I could hear it even in the coffee shop.
However， they were not bad guys. They were just enjoying the music.
( )6. A. wheels B. windows C. rooms
( )7. A. light B. phone C. music
B
C
A lot of memories came into my 　8　. I could not stop thinking about the people who have been by my side since I was young.
In the real world， everyone is different， but whether 　9　 or enemies， we are all still part of the same group—humans. When we disagree with others， why not take a 　10　 back， look carefully and try to understand them before judging（评判）them？
( )8. A. body B. heart C. mind
( )9. A. relatives B. friends C. neighbors
( )10. A. trip B. walk C. step
C
B
C
语篇研读
What：文章讲述了作者在咖啡店观察到不同人不同行为的故事。
Why：引导学生关注他人，尊重差异，相互理解，从而建立更加和谐的人际关系。
How：
①文体特征：记叙文。
②写作手法：文章采用了对比的手法，通过对比咖啡店里老年夫妇和 年轻人的不同行为方式和生活态度，使文章主 题更加明确。
③语言特点：文中使用了一般过去时来描述作者的所见所闻，用一般 现在时来表达自己的观点和看法。
. .