北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期中联考英语试题A卷
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My friendship with the students in a primary school in Uganda started on a shaky ground. The 1． of not being understood was hidden within, for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears.
I greeted them with a wide smile, and when I spoke further, they replied with ice cold 2． . A reminder echoed in my mind: you must live through it to get to them. So I gave it another try. I spoke 3． English with hand gestures and a bit of dancing. If all failed, the smile would 4． . Soon we picked up and then the 5． of the learners came into play. At the mention of a name, trembles and face covering were the response I got. I decided to 6． a desk with a team each day during group work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home.
7． , we became friends. They were even aware of my favorite fruit, avocado (牛油果). If I didn't get one on my desk, it would 8． me wherever I was. My slippers were worn out. One night I left them out as no one could steal a pair of slippers in that state. The next morning, I was ready to drag my slippers on as usual and I was surprised they had been 9． . Wow!
The little things we do for each other bring us great joy and warmth. We don't have a proper spoken language, but we are fluent in the language of 10． .
1．A． anger B． fear
C． confusion D． disappointment
2．A． agreement B． blame C． comment D． silence
3．A． simple B． official C． academic D． unusual
4．A． turn up B． break off C． take over D． fade away
5．A． shyness B． laziness C． loneliness D． calmness
6．A． clear B． share C． search D． exchange
7．A． Suddenly B． Obviously
C． Accidentally D． Gradually
8．A． hit B． find C． catch D． hunt
9．A． packed B． cleaned C． repaired D． abandoned
10．A． sympathy B． admiration C． friendship D． confidence
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I had spent days 11． (prepare) for my first English paper. I knew I did a good job and was looking forward 12． getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found that my teacher 13． (write) the comment "Not bad!" Not bad But there weren't any 14． (mistake) in my paper.
（2023高二上·丰台期中） 阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The college entrance examination is just around the corner. Homework and tests will keep many of you up late at night, and you may plan to make up for your lost sleep during the weekends. 15． is it useful A study published in the journal Current Biology completely has changed 16． people used to think. It shows that the habit of sleeping in on weekends doesn't fix the damage done by a lack of sleep during the week. Even 17． (bad), it may damage your health.
（2023高二上·丰台期中） 阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The International Day of Families, which 18． (name) by the United Nations in 1993, is held on May 15th every year. The day celebrates the 19． (important) of families. It aims 20． (develop) people's understanding of issues that are related to families. With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international levels.
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
Our teen poetry workshops at Poets House are opportunities for writers in high school to create and explore poetry in one of the largest poetry libraries in the country. Young poets are given a chance to dig into the art and craft of poetry in a fun, creative and inspiring environment.
Online Video Workshops
Join Dave Johnson Workshop to write daily new poems in only 10 minutes. Click the banner for two series of video poetry workshops where poet, playwright and educator Dave Johnson chooses a poet each day, and takes us through a close reading of their work. He gives us an instruction based on their work, then a short biography and reads an additional poem. These workshops are fun and surprising, for teens through adults, free.
The Thompson Foundation Initiative
The highlight of our teen poetry workshop program is the Thompson Foundation Initiative, through which noted poets visit high school classrooms followed by free follow-up class visits to Poets House. Recent teachers have included Dave Johnson, Jive Poetic, and Maphogany Browne. This initiative is meant to increase access to poetic education for underserved schools and students by combining hands-on instruction from established poets with on-site visits to our extensive library. Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic.
If you are a teacher interested in this program, please reach out to Reggie Harris to arrange sessions for your class. Free class trips for all age levels are also available outside of this program.
Intensive Workshops for Teens
Advanced, individualized study is available periodically for students who want to continue writing poetry, through either our day-long or week-long intensive workshops.
One-day workshops: Participation is free. All interested teens are encouraged to sign up.
Week-long workshops: Participants are determined through an application process and an external judge; all interested high school students are encouraged to apply. Financial aid is available.
21．Teens can get to know one poet on a daily basis in ____.
A．Dave Johnson Workshop B．the Thompson Foundation Initiative
C．Jive Poetic Workshop D．Intensive Workshops for Teens
22．In the Thompson Foundation Initiative, students can ____.
A．visit Poets House with Mahogany Browne
B．contact Reggie Harris to attend class trips
C．work one-on-one with established poets
D．learn and enjoy poetry in diverse ways
23．What do the workshops in the passage have in common
A．They are free of charge.
B．They are for all age groups.
C．They offer chances to write poems.
D．They have famous poets as teachers.
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
Liu Jichen, founder and CEO of Clear Plate, designed a mini-program that recognizes empty plates and rewards users with points. These points can be exchanged for gifts like books and cellphones, or better yet, they can be used to purchase charity meals donated to poor children in rural areas of China.
In 2016, Liu, a then student of Tsinghua University, noticed a popular campaign called "Leftover Party", where people brought their leftovers to eat together, intending to raise awareness of food waste. Liu and his classmates organized one such event, which was attended by hundreds of people. The success encouraged him to spread the concept of reducing food waste to a wider audience.
The idea of a mini-program struck him at a dinner in 2017 when Liu dined at a restaurant, which rewarded diners who finished off their food. Liu found that the restaurant would give these diners a card every time and offer them small gifts when they collected a certain number of cards. "Everyone who values food can enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu said, noting that such an idea could be realized online.
He formed a team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to identify the uploaded photos. Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1,000 others, spent half a year collecting over 100,000 samples across the country to train the digital brain.
"There were so many uncertainties in research and development. For our team members, the biggest challenge was whether we were confident enough to complete it," Liu said. They not only achieved their goal, but now, the mini-program has more than five million registered users. "We hope to inspire everyone to take action against food waste and to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global food security challenges," he added.
24．What inspired Liu Jichen to create the mini-program
A．A restaurant's practice. B．His interest in high tech.
C．A campaign concept. D．His classmates' advice.
25．What is the main aim of the mini-program
A．To increase the awareness of charity.
B．To encourage people to save food.
C．To collect photos of empty plates.
D．To promote books and other gifts.
26．Which of the following words can best describe Liu Jichen
A．Generous and optimistic. B．Loving and easy-going.
C．Determined and responsible. D．Grateful and considerate.
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
My university has now topped the U.S. News & World Report rankings for 11 years running. Given Princeton's success, you might think I would be a fan of the list. Not so. Don't get me wrong. I am proud of Princeton's teaching, research and commitment to service. I like seeing our quality recognized. Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities. Different schools have distinct strengths, structures and missions. The idea of picking one as "best", as though educational programs competed like athletic teams, is strange.
However, the U.S. News rankings attract great attention and a huge customer base. Applicants and their families rely on the rankings and feel pressure to get into highly regarded institutions. As a result, many schools make intense efforts to move up in the rankings. This competition produces damaging consequences. For example, some universities avoid doing difficult but valuable things—such as admitting talented lower-income students who can succeed at university if given appropriate support.
Still, students and families need comparative information to choose universities. If rankings mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables. Graduation rates are crucial. A university that does not graduate its students is like a car with a bad maintenance (维修) record. It costs money without getting you anywhere. What applicants need is not the average graduation rate, but the rate for students with backgrounds like their own. For example, some places successfully graduate their wealthy students but do less well for lower-income students. Applicants should also see some measure of post-graduation outcomes.
Here is a partial list of other factors that matter: cost of tuition (学费) and fees; high-quality teachers actively engaged in undergraduate instruction; and a learning culture composed of diverse students who study hard and educate one another. Judged by these criteria, many schools could be "Consumer Reports Best Buys". Applicants should be excited to get into any of them; they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is "the best".
It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings. In the meantime, those of us who understand the imperfection in the rankings must call them out—even when, indeed especially when, we finish at the top.
27．What is the author's attitude towards university rankings
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Disapproving. D．Neutral.
28．Why does the author mention Consumer Reports
A．To reveal the multiplicity of consumers.
B．To present the information of potential buyers.
C．To highlight the difficulty of choosing universities.
D．To emphasize the need of overall evaluation of universities.
29．What can we learn from this passage
A．It is not likely to have a Consumer Reports for universities.
B．The most suitable university for applicants may not rank the top.
C．The average graduation rate is crucial to lower-income applicants.
D．The top universities can see the imperfection in the rankings better.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．There is no such thing as a good or bad student.
B．Education equality is an ideal hard to be realized.
C．An alternative approach is needed to assess universities.
D．Discrimination against poor students brings loss of talents.
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
If there's one cliché (陈词滥调) that really annoys Danah Boyd, a specialist researcher who has made a career from studying the way teenagers use the web, it's that of the digital native. "Today the world has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in order to learn about their social world around them, teenagers are learning about those things too. And they're using that to work out the stuff that kids have always worked out: peer (同龄人) sociality, status, etc.," she says.
It's no surprise Boyd takes exception, really: as one of the first digital anthropologists to dig into the way teenagers use social networking sites, she gained insights into the social web by taking a closer look at what was going on.
Lately, her work has been about explaining new ways of interpreting the behavior we see online. She outlined some examples at a recent conference in San Francisco, including the case of a young man from one of the poorest districts of Los Angeles who was applying for a top American college. The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of violence, but the admissions officer was shocked when he discovered that the boy's MySpace page was covered with precisely the violent language he claimed to hate. "Why was he lying about his motivations " asked the university. "He wasn't," said Boyd. "In his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily life."
Understanding what's happening online is especially important, for today's teenagers have a vastly different approach to privacy from their parents. She says, "Adults think of the home as a very private space. That's often not the case for teenagers because they have little or no control over who has access to it, or under what conditions. As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels like there's more control."
The concept of control is central to Boyd's work, and it applies to pointing out the true facts about teenage behavior. Boyd suggests control remains in the same places as it always did. "Technologists all go for the idea of ‘techno-utopia (乌托邦)', the web as great democratizer (民主化)," she says. "But we're not actually democratizing the whole system; we're just shifting the way in which we discriminate."
It's a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to treading a fine line between academics and activists. "The questions I continue to want to ask are the things that are challenging to me: having to sit down and be forced to think about uncomfortable social stuff, and it's really hard to get my head around it, which means it's exactly what I should dive in and deal with," she says.
31．What does Danah Boyd think of "computer-mediated communications"
A．They teach teenagers about social interaction.
B．They replace other sorts of social interaction for teenagers.
C．They are necessary for teenagers to have social interaction.
D．They are barriers to wider social interaction among teenagers.
32．Why does Danah Boyd cite the example of the Los Angeles college applicant
A．To show how easy it is to investigate somebody's online activity.
B．To illustrate how easy it is to misinterpret an individual online activity.
C．To prove how important it is to check the content of someone's online activity.
D．To express how necessary it is to judge one's sincerity from his online activity.
33．Danah Boyd argues in Paragraph 4 that ____.
A．teenagers are less concerned about privacy than their parents
B．parents tend not to respect teenagers' need for online privacy
C．parents value the idea of privacy less in a domestic environment
D．teenagers feel more private in the online world than in the home
34．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Danah Boyd ____.
A．is willing to take on research challenges others would avoid
B．regards herself as being more of an activist than a researcher
C．is aware that she is lacking in ability to deal with the challenges
D．feels like abandoning the research into uncomfortable social stuff
（2023高二上·丰台期中）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re-purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. 35．
Downcycling is also known as downstream recycling. It is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. 36． White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.
Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste. Once downcycled to their full capacity, however, these materials are eventually so degraded that they cannot be reused further. Since downcycled products are considered of lower quality than their original form, they cannot be used in remaking their original product.
37． Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. 38．
Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment. Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.
When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable. 39． Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.
A. It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
B. Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
C. They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.
D. Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
E. This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes.
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
In 1983, Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In the book, he presented one type of intelligence that everyone must develop if they want to be successful. That is emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions. It means having a deep understanding of yourself, knowing your own strengths and weaknesses, and handling reactions and emotions wisely. Emotional intelligence is critical for success in almost any field and it is especially important for high-stress environments, for example, when times are tough and when a person wants to quit or is fearful.
We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret. I've seen many people do this on social media, getting in arguments with loved ones over trivial stuff because they have different opinions. This inability to master the self leads to many struggles and heartaches for people.
Emotional intelligence does not mean being void (没有) of emotions. It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it's okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复). Many of us know people who are very intelligent, but allow their emotions to damage their lives.
Now, reflect on how you manage your emotions. Are you smart in the way you express what you're feeling, especially when the pressure is on
40．According to the passage, what is "emotional intelligence"
41．How do highly emotional people deal with their emotions
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It's important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you should neither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge.
43．In your daily life, what can you do to better manage your emotions
44．（2023高二上·丰台期中）假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你在学校英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖，请用英文写一封邮件感谢外教Jim对你的帮助，内容包括：1. 表示感谢；2. 回顾Jim对你的帮助；3. 你的祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右。2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
Yours,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B；2．D；3．A；4．C；5．A；6．B；7．D；8．B；9．C；10．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和乌干达一所小学的学生们的友谊开始时并不稳固。不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，因为他们说的语言和我说的不同，而我也充耳不闻。但是，随着时间的发展，我们最终在友谊的语言上很流利。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，因为他们说的语言和我说的不同，而我也充耳不闻。A. anger "愤怒"；B. fear"恐惧"；C. confusion"困惑"；D. disappointment"失望"。 根据空后"for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears."他们说的语言和我说的不同以及上文说的友谊并不稳固，可知，此处为不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，因为他们说的语言和我说的不同，而我也充耳不闻。故选B。
2．句意：我用灿烂的微笑迎接他们，当我继续说话时，他们以冰冷的沉默回答我。A. agreement"赞同"；B. blame"责备"；C. comment"评论"；D. silence"沉默"。根据上文不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，可推知，此处为当我继续说话时，他们以冰冷的沉默回答我。故选D。
3．句意：我说简单的英语，用手势和一点舞蹈。A. simple "简单的"；B. official"官方的"；C. academic"学术的"；D. unusual"通常的"。根据上文"So I gave it another try."我又试了一次，可推知，此处为我说简单的英语，用手势和一点舞蹈。故选A。
4．句意：如果一切都失败了，微笑会取代一切。A. turn up"出现"；B. break off"中断"；C. take over"接管，取代"；D fade away"逐渐消失"。根据空前"If all failed"如果一切都失败了，故可推知，此处为如果一切都失败了，微笑会取代一切。故选C。
5．句意：很快我们就学会了，然后学习者的害羞就发挥了作用。A. shyness"害羞"；B. laziness"懒惰"；C. loneliness"孤独"；D. calmness"镇静"。根据下文"At the mention of a name, trembles and face covering were the response I got."我得到的反应是颤抖和捂脸，可知，此处为很快我们就学会了，然后学习者的害羞就发挥了作用。故选A。
6．句意：我决定在小组工作期间每天和一个团队共用一张桌子，以便更接近他们。A. clear"清除，清理"；B. share"分享"；C. search"搜寻"；D. exchange"交换"。根据空后"to get closer"以便更接近他们，可知，此处为我决定在小组工作期间每天和一个团队共用一张桌子，以便更接近他们。故选B。
7．句意：渐渐地，我们成了朋友。A. Suddenly"突然"；B. Obviously"明显地"；C. Accidentally "偶然地"；D. Gradually"渐渐地"。根据上文共享一张桌子以及放学后，我陪他们回家，故可推知，此处为渐渐地，我们成了朋友。故选D。
8．句意：如果我没有在桌子上放一个，不管我在哪里，它都会找到我。A. hit "撞击"；B. find"发现"；C. catch"抓住"；D. hunt"狩猎，寻找"。根据句意可知，此处表示作者的桌上没有牛油果的时候，不管作者在哪里，他们都会找到作者送牛油果 故选B。
9．句意：第二天早上，我准备像往常一样穿上拖鞋，但令我惊讶的是，它们已经修好了。A. packed"包装"；B. cleaned"清洁"；C. repaired"修理"；D. abandoned"抛弃"。 根据上文"My slippers were worn out."我的拖鞋穿破了，以及此处的惊讶，可推知，此处为但令我惊讶的是，它们已经修好了。故选C。
10．句意：我们没有合适的口语，但我们在友谊的语言上很流利。A. sympathy"同情"；B. admiration"钦佩"；C. friendship"友谊"；D. confidence"自信心"。根据上文"bring us great joy and warmth."带来了巨大的快乐和温暖，可知，此处为我们没有合适的说话语言，但我们在友谊的语言上很流利。故选C。
【答案】11．Preparing；12．to；13．had written；14．mistakes
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自己在英国一所大学的学习经历讲述了英国人在学业上有很高的标准。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，时态，名词等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：我花了几天时间准备我的第一篇英语论文。spend…(in) doing sth.固定短语，"花……干某事"，动名作宾语。故填preparing。
12．句意：我知道我做得很好，期待得到积极的评价。look forward to 固定短语，"期待......"，故填to。
13．句意：当我把试卷拿回来时，我发现我的老师写了一句话："不错"。此处为宾语从句谓语，主句谓语found是一般过去时，从句谓语动词write发生在主句谓语found之前，即"过去的过去"，时态用过去完成时。故填had written。
14．句意：但我的论文没有任何错误。此处名词作主语，结合谓语动词weren't，可知应用复数形式，故填mistakes 。
【答案】15．But/ Yet；16．what；17．worse
【知识点】科普类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，周末睡懒觉的习惯并不能弥补一周睡眠不足造成的损害。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及连词，宾语从句，副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
15．句意：但它有用吗？上文讲"学生考前熬夜，会计划在周末弥补之前睡眠不足"，此处表示质疑，表转折，用but/yet"但是/然而"，首字母大写。故填But/ Yet。
16．句意：发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究彻底改变了人们过去的想法。 people used to think是宾语从句，缺乏引导词，从句中动词think缺乏宾语，指"什么"，应用what。故填what。
17．句意：更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。even +形容词比较级，构成固定搭配even worse"更糟的是"。故填worse。
【答案】18．was named；19．Importance；20．to develop
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。每年这一天都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际各级组织各种各样的活动来纪念这一天。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，名词，非谓语动词等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
18．意：国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。此处为非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，which指代修饰先行词The International Day of Families，在从句中作主语，根据后文in 1993可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词与先行词保持一致，用单数。故填was named。
19．句意：这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。空处作宾语，表示"重要性"应用名词importance，表抽象概念，不可数。故填importance。
20．句意：它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。aim to do sth.固定短语"目的是……"，故填to develop。
【答案】21．A
22．D
23．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在诗人之家举办的青少年诗歌研讨会为高中作家提供的三个学习研讨诗歌的项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．考查细节理解。根据 Online Video Workshops 部分中的"Click the banner for two series of video poetry workshops where poet, playwright and educator Dave Johnson chooses a poet each day, and takes us through a close reading of their work."点击横幅，观看两个系列的视频诗歌研讨会，诗人、剧作家和教育家戴夫·约翰逊每天都会选择一位诗人，并带我们仔细阅读他们的作品。可知，青少年每日可以通过戴夫·约翰逊研讨会了解一位诗人。故选A。
22．考查推理判断。根据The Thompson Foundation Initiative部分中的"Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic."学生通过阅读、写作和融合视觉和语言的艺术项目参与诗歌创作。可知，在汤普森基金会倡议活动中学生可以通过不同的方式学习和享受诗歌。故选D。
23．考查推理判断。根据 Online Video Workshops 部分中的"Join Dave Johnson Workshop to write daily new poems in only 10 minutes."加入戴夫·约翰逊工作坊，只需10分钟即可写出每日新诗；The Thompson Foundation Initiative部分中的"Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic."学生通过阅读、写作和融合视觉和语言的艺术项目参与诗歌创作；以及Intensive Workshops for Teens部分中的"Advanced, individualized study is available periodically for students who want to continue writing poetry, through either our day-long or week-long intensive workshops."通过我们为期一天或一周的强化研讨会，希望继续写诗的学生可以定期进行高级个性化学习。可知，三个研讨会的共同点是它们提供了写诗歌的机会。故选C。
【答案】24．A
25．B
26．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Clear Plate 的创始人兼首席执行官刘继臣创办小程序激励大家采取行动反对粮食浪费的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
24．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The idea of a mini-program struck him at a dinner in 2017 when Liu dined at a restaurant, which rewarded diners who finished off their food. "在2017年的一次晚宴上，他想到了小程序的想法，当时刘继臣在一家餐厅吃饭，这家餐厅奖励吃完食物的人。可知，刘继臣创作这个小程序的灵感来自一家餐馆的做法。故选A。
25．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"We hope to inspire everyone to take action against food waste and to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global food security challenges"我们希望激励大家采取行动，反对粮食浪费，为全球粮食安全挑战贡献中国智慧和解决方案。可知，这个小程序的主要目的是鼓励人们节省粮食。故选B。
26．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"For our team members, the biggest challenge was whether we were confident enough to complete it"对于我们的团队成员来说，最大的挑战是我们是否有足够的信心去完成它；"They not only achieved their goal, but now, the mini-program has more than five million registered users."他们不仅实现了他们的目标，而且现在，这个小程序已经拥有超过500万的注册用户。可知，刘继臣和他的团队面对巨大的挑战满怀信心并达成目标，所以刘继臣是一个很有决心的人；以及最后一段中的"We hope to inspire everyone to take action against food waste and to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global food security challenges"我们希望激励大家采取行动，反对粮食浪费，为全球粮食安全挑战贡献中国智慧和解决方案。可知，刘继臣创办小程序来鼓励大家采取行动，反对粮食浪费，是一个很有责任心的人。故选C。
【答案】27．C
28．D
29．B
30．C
【知识点】推理判断题；观点态度题；学习教育类；议论文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以作者用其他的方法来评估大学。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
27．考查观点态度。根据第一段中的"Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities."然而，排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式。可知，作者认为排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式，可推断，作者对大学排名的态度是不赞成的，故选C。
28．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"If rankings mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables."如果排名误导了别人，那还有什么选择呢？几代人以来，除了大学教育，消费者几乎都是从《消费者报告》中获得各方面的建议。当《消费者报告》评估一个产品时，它评估了多个因素，以便潜在的买家能够明智地做出自己的选择。同样，大学申请者需要一些基本变量的信息。可知，作者提到《消费者报告》是为了强调大学综合评价的必要性，故选D。
29．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is ‘the best'."他们应该挑选自己认为最有吸引力的学校，而不应该浪费时间担心哪一所学校是"最好的"。可知，申请者应该申请自己认为最有吸引力的学校而不是那些排名最好的学校，可推断出最适合申请者的学校，不一定是排名最好的学校，故选B。
30．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings."如果能有一份大学的《消费者报告》就好了。我希望一些全国性的出版物有勇气对高等教育机构进行一年一度、用户友好型的消费者报告分析，即使它不像足球式的排名那么有吸引力也没关系。可知，文章主要讲述了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以要用其他的方法来评估大学，即大学需要另一种评估方式。故选C。
【答案】31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，数字人类学家Danah Boyd深入研究青少年使用社交网站方式，她指出：青少年在网络上的行为很容易被误解，他们在网络世界里隐私感更强。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
31．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Today the world has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in order to learn about their social world around them, teenagers are learning about those things too."今天，世界已经有了以计算机为媒介的通信。因此，为了了解他们周围的社会世界，青少年也在学习这些东西。可推知，Danah Boyd认为"以计算机为媒介的通信"是青少年进行社会互动所必需的渠道。故选C。
32．考查推理判断。第三段列举了一位来自洛杉矶最贫困地区的年轻人申请美国顶尖大学的例子，根据段中"The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of violence, but the admissions officer was shocked when he discovered that the boy's MySpace page was covered with precisely the violent language he claimed to hate. ‘Why was he lying about his motivations ' asked the university.‘He wasn't,' said Boyd. ‘In his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily life.'" 申请人说他想逃离暴力的影响，但是当招生官发现男孩的MySpace页面上满是他声称讨厌的那些暴力语言时，他感到非常震惊。"他为什么对自己的动机撒谎 "所申请的大学问。"他没有（撒谎），"Boyd说。"在他的世界里，在网上展示正确的图片是日常生活的一个关键部分"可知，那个男孩申请的大学对他在网上的行为有所误解，认为他撒谎。但是Boyd认为那个男孩没有撒谎，并解释他在网上的那些有暴力语言的图片反映了他在日常生活中是怎样生存的。可推断，Boyd举出这个例子是为了说明一个人的网上活动是多么容易被误解。故选B。
33．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Adults think of the home as a very private space. That's often not the case for teenagers because they have little or no control over who has access to it, or under what conditions. As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels like there's more control."成年人认为家是一个非常私人的空间。对于青少年来说，情况往往不是这样，因为他们很少能或根本无法控制谁或者在什么条件下会进入（他们的隐私空间）。因此，网络世界感觉更私密，因为它感觉有更多的控制)"可知，Danah Boyd认为青少年在网络世界里比在家里感觉更有隐私。故选D。
34．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"It's a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to treading a fine line between academics and activists. ‘The questions I continue to want to ask are the things that are challenging to me; having to sit down and be forced to think about uncomfortable social stuff, and it's really hard to get my head around it, which means it's exactly what I should dive in and deal with, ' she says."(这是一个大多数学术研究人员往往会回避的战斗号召，但Boyd承认，他在学术和活动家之间走了一条微妙的线。她说："我一直想问的问题对我来说是具有挑战性的；我不得不坐下来，被迫思考不舒服的社交问题，这真的很难让我的脑袋转过去，这意味着这正是我应该投入和处理的。"可推知，Danah Boyd 认为大多数学术研究人员都倾向于回避，但是她觉得这些问题对她来说是挑战。这些问题很难理解，而这正是她应该深入研究探讨的。可推断，Boyd愿意接受其他人可能会回避的挑战。故选A。
【答案】35．A；36．B；37．D；38．C；39．E
【知识点】说明文；五选五；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种回收形式——降级回收，这种回收方式是将材料重新加工成质量更低的新产品。
【点评】考查五选五，本文是一篇环保类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
35．根据空前"One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re-purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality."其中一种回收被称为"降级回收"，涉及将一种材料重新利用成质量较低的新产品。可知，空前提到了降级回收。 A. It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials. "它可以包括不同等级的塑料、纸制品和其他材料。"是上文内容的自然延续，继续介绍了降级回收的相关信息。故选A。
36．根据空后"White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again."例如，白色的信纸经常被降级为硬纸板；一旦降级为这种新形式，它就不能再作为白纸使用了。可知，下文所举例子指的是白色信纸被降级为硬纸板，所以不能在作为白纸使用。B. Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one."它们的回收形式通常比原来的更弱，也更便宜。"与下文所举例子内容上保持一致，指的是降级回收是将材料加工成质量更低的新产品。故选B。
37．根据空后"Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. "标有数字1的塑料、玻璃和铝制品可以重新制造成同等或更高价值的产品。这种类型的回收被称为升级回收，代表了回收部件的前向兼容性。可用于降级回收的材料，如水、果汁和牛奶瓶，都标有数字2。可知，下文讲述的是产品上的代码或数字，代表的是其等级以及是否可以回收。D. Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled."产品附有代码，以确定其等级和是否可以回收。"与本段主要内容一致，指的是产品代码确定了其等级和是否可以回收。故选D。
38．根据空前"Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two."可用于降级回收的材料，如水、果汁和牛奶瓶，都标有数字2。可知，标有数字2的材料可用于降级回收。C. They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled."在降级循环后，它们不得再次用于盛装食品级物品。"与上文内容一致，指的是标有数字2的材料用于降级回收后，不能再次用于盛装食品级物品。故选C。
39．根据空前"When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable. "当产品达到代码7时，它被认为不再可回收。可知，上文指的是产品代码为7时就不能再回收了。E. This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes."这通常发生在一种物质与其他物质混合时，例如具有不同的回收代码的不同类型的塑料。"是上文内容的自然延续，指的是具有不同的回收代码的不同类型的塑料混合后就被认为不再可回收。故选E。
【答案】40．Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions.
41．Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret.
42．It's important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you shouldneither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge.
According to the passage, it's okay for you to feel angry, just not out-of-control angry.
43．I manage my emotions in two ways. Firstly, I like writing down my bad feelings, which enables me to let go of them so that I can focus more on what makes me cheerful. Secondly, when conflict occurs, it helps to talk openly about my feelings and thoughts.
I improve my emotional control from two aspects. When in conflict with others, I address it with a shoe-shifting view, which helps me better understand them and avoid highly emotional response. As for my negative feelings, I prefer to let them out in a healthy way, such as running or singing, which benefits me emotionally.
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是情商，高情商和低情商的人分别有什么表现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而做出正确答案。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions."情商指的是识别和调节自己情绪的能力。可知，情商指的是识别和调节自己情绪的能力，故答案为Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions。
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret."我们都认识高度情绪化的人。他们没有做出明智的反应，而是倾向于让自己的情绪控制自己的生活，经常说或做一些事后可能会后悔的事情。可知，高度情绪化的人倾向于让他们的情绪控制他们的生活，经常说或做一些事后可能会后悔的事情，故答案为Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret。
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it's okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复)."这意味着你知道生气是可以的，只是不要失控。你知道受伤是可以的，但以复仇的名义做傻事就不对了。可知，题干中说"should neither get angry"都不应该生气"是不对的，故答案为It's important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you should neither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge. According to the passage, it's okay for you to feel angry, just not out-of-control angry. 。
43．考查推理判断。根据客观事实，首先，我喜欢写下我的不好的感觉，这能让我放开它们，这样我就能更多地关注让我快乐的事情。其次，当冲突发生时，公开谈论我的感受和想法会有帮助。故答案为I manage my emotions in two ways. Firstly, I like writing down my bad feelings, which enables me to let go of them so that I can focus more on what makes me cheerful. Secondly, when conflict occurs, it helps to talk openly about my feelings and thoughts.。
44．【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jim,
How is everything going I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks to you because I've
won the first prize in the English Speech Contest of our school. Your kind help has meant more
than anything.
I remember vividly how you guided and encouraged me. During the preparation of the
contest, you helped polish my draft many times and better my pronunciation with great patience.The public speaking skills you shared turned out really effective. More importantly, whenever I felt hesitant and unsure about myself, you were always there to back me up and boost my confidence. Without you, I couldn't have made such an achievement.
Thank you for everything you have done for me and wish you all the best.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以 红星中学高二学生 李华的身份 写一封邮件感谢外教Jim对你的帮助 。写作背景： 你在学校英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 表示感谢；2. 回顾Jim对你的帮助；3. 你的祝愿。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks to you because I'vewon the first prize in the English Speech Contest of our school.运用了不定式作目的状语，原因状语从句； I remember vividly how you guided and encouraged me. 运用了宾语从句；The public speaking skills you shared turned out really effective. 运用了限制性定语从句；More importantly, whenever I felt hesitant and unsure about myself, you were always there to back me up and boost my confidence.运用了时间状语从句； Without you, I couldn't have made such an achievement.运用了虚拟语气；Thank you for everything you have done for me and wish you all the best.运用了祈使句，并列句，限制性定语从句。
1 / 1北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二上学期期中联考英语试题A卷
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My friendship with the students in a primary school in Uganda started on a shaky ground. The 1． of not being understood was hidden within, for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears.
I greeted them with a wide smile, and when I spoke further, they replied with ice cold 2． . A reminder echoed in my mind: you must live through it to get to them. So I gave it another try. I spoke 3． English with hand gestures and a bit of dancing. If all failed, the smile would 4． . Soon we picked up and then the 5． of the learners came into play. At the mention of a name, trembles and face covering were the response I got. I decided to 6． a desk with a team each day during group work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home.
7． , we became friends. They were even aware of my favorite fruit, avocado (牛油果). If I didn't get one on my desk, it would 8． me wherever I was. My slippers were worn out. One night I left them out as no one could steal a pair of slippers in that state. The next morning, I was ready to drag my slippers on as usual and I was surprised they had been 9． . Wow!
The little things we do for each other bring us great joy and warmth. We don't have a proper spoken language, but we are fluent in the language of 10． .
1．A． anger B． fear
C． confusion D． disappointment
2．A． agreement B． blame C． comment D． silence
3．A． simple B． official C． academic D． unusual
4．A． turn up B． break off C． take over D． fade away
5．A． shyness B． laziness C． loneliness D． calmness
6．A． clear B． share C． search D． exchange
7．A． Suddenly B． Obviously
C． Accidentally D． Gradually
8．A． hit B． find C． catch D． hunt
9．A． packed B． cleaned C． repaired D． abandoned
10．A． sympathy B． admiration C． friendship D． confidence
【答案】1．B；2．D；3．A；4．C；5．A；6．B；7．D；8．B；9．C；10．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和乌干达一所小学的学生们的友谊开始时并不稳固。不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，因为他们说的语言和我说的不同，而我也充耳不闻。但是，随着时间的发展，我们最终在友谊的语言上很流利。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，因为他们说的语言和我说的不同，而我也充耳不闻。A. anger "愤怒"；B. fear"恐惧"；C. confusion"困惑"；D. disappointment"失望"。 根据空后"for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears."他们说的语言和我说的不同以及上文说的友谊并不稳固，可知，此处为不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，因为他们说的语言和我说的不同，而我也充耳不闻。故选B。
2．句意：我用灿烂的微笑迎接他们，当我继续说话时，他们以冰冷的沉默回答我。A. agreement"赞同"；B. blame"责备"；C. comment"评论"；D. silence"沉默"。根据上文不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心，可推知，此处为当我继续说话时，他们以冰冷的沉默回答我。故选D。
3．句意：我说简单的英语，用手势和一点舞蹈。A. simple "简单的"；B. official"官方的"；C. academic"学术的"；D. unusual"通常的"。根据上文"So I gave it another try."我又试了一次，可推知，此处为我说简单的英语，用手势和一点舞蹈。故选A。
4．句意：如果一切都失败了，微笑会取代一切。A. turn up"出现"；B. break off"中断"；C. take over"接管，取代"；D fade away"逐渐消失"。根据空前"If all failed"如果一切都失败了，故可推知，此处为如果一切都失败了，微笑会取代一切。故选C。
5．句意：很快我们就学会了，然后学习者的害羞就发挥了作用。A. shyness"害羞"；B. laziness"懒惰"；C. loneliness"孤独"；D. calmness"镇静"。根据下文"At the mention of a name, trembles and face covering were the response I got."我得到的反应是颤抖和捂脸，可知，此处为很快我们就学会了，然后学习者的害羞就发挥了作用。故选A。
6．句意：我决定在小组工作期间每天和一个团队共用一张桌子，以便更接近他们。A. clear"清除，清理"；B. share"分享"；C. search"搜寻"；D. exchange"交换"。根据空后"to get closer"以便更接近他们，可知，此处为我决定在小组工作期间每天和一个团队共用一张桌子，以便更接近他们。故选B。
7．句意：渐渐地，我们成了朋友。A. Suddenly"突然"；B. Obviously"明显地"；C. Accidentally "偶然地"；D. Gradually"渐渐地"。根据上文共享一张桌子以及放学后，我陪他们回家，故可推知，此处为渐渐地，我们成了朋友。故选D。
8．句意：如果我没有在桌子上放一个，不管我在哪里，它都会找到我。A. hit "撞击"；B. find"发现"；C. catch"抓住"；D. hunt"狩猎，寻找"。根据句意可知，此处表示作者的桌上没有牛油果的时候，不管作者在哪里，他们都会找到作者送牛油果 故选B。
9．句意：第二天早上，我准备像往常一样穿上拖鞋，但令我惊讶的是，它们已经修好了。A. packed"包装"；B. cleaned"清洁"；C. repaired"修理"；D. abandoned"抛弃"。 根据上文"My slippers were worn out."我的拖鞋穿破了，以及此处的惊讶，可推知，此处为但令我惊讶的是，它们已经修好了。故选C。
10．句意：我们没有合适的口语，但我们在友谊的语言上很流利。A. sympathy"同情"；B. admiration"钦佩"；C. friendship"友谊"；D. confidence"自信心"。根据上文"bring us great joy and warmth."带来了巨大的快乐和温暖，可知，此处为我们没有合适的说话语言，但我们在友谊的语言上很流利。故选C。
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I had spent days 11． (prepare) for my first English paper. I knew I did a good job and was looking forward 12． getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found that my teacher 13． (write) the comment "Not bad!" Not bad But there weren't any 14． (mistake) in my paper.
【答案】11．Preparing；12．to；13．had written；14．mistakes
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自己在英国一所大学的学习经历讲述了英国人在学业上有很高的标准。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，时态，名词等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：我花了几天时间准备我的第一篇英语论文。spend…(in) doing sth.固定短语，"花……干某事"，动名作宾语。故填preparing。
12．句意：我知道我做得很好，期待得到积极的评价。look forward to 固定短语，"期待......"，故填to。
13．句意：当我把试卷拿回来时，我发现我的老师写了一句话："不错"。此处为宾语从句谓语，主句谓语found是一般过去时，从句谓语动词write发生在主句谓语found之前，即"过去的过去"，时态用过去完成时。故填had written。
14．句意：但我的论文没有任何错误。此处名词作主语，结合谓语动词weren't，可知应用复数形式，故填mistakes 。
（2023高二上·丰台期中） 阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The college entrance examination is just around the corner. Homework and tests will keep many of you up late at night, and you may plan to make up for your lost sleep during the weekends. 15． is it useful A study published in the journal Current Biology completely has changed 16． people used to think. It shows that the habit of sleeping in on weekends doesn't fix the damage done by a lack of sleep during the week. Even 17． (bad), it may damage your health.
【答案】15．But/ Yet；16．what；17．worse
【知识点】科普类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，周末睡懒觉的习惯并不能弥补一周睡眠不足造成的损害。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及连词，宾语从句，副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
15．句意：但它有用吗？上文讲"学生考前熬夜，会计划在周末弥补之前睡眠不足"，此处表示质疑，表转折，用but/yet"但是/然而"，首字母大写。故填But/ Yet。
16．句意：发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究彻底改变了人们过去的想法。 people used to think是宾语从句，缺乏引导词，从句中动词think缺乏宾语，指"什么"，应用what。故填what。
17．句意：更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。even +形容词比较级，构成固定搭配even worse"更糟的是"。故填worse。
（2023高二上·丰台期中） 阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The International Day of Families, which 18． (name) by the United Nations in 1993, is held on May 15th every year. The day celebrates the 19． (important) of families. It aims 20． (develop) people's understanding of issues that are related to families. With a different theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international levels.
【答案】18．was named；19．Importance；20．to develop
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。每年这一天都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际各级组织各种各样的活动来纪念这一天。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，名词，非谓语动词等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
18．意：国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。此处为非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，which指代修饰先行词The International Day of Families，在从句中作主语，根据后文in 1993可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词与先行词保持一致，用单数。故填was named。
19．句意：这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。空处作宾语，表示"重要性"应用名词importance，表抽象概念，不可数。故填importance。
20．句意：它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。aim to do sth.固定短语"目的是……"，故填to develop。
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
Our teen poetry workshops at Poets House are opportunities for writers in high school to create and explore poetry in one of the largest poetry libraries in the country. Young poets are given a chance to dig into the art and craft of poetry in a fun, creative and inspiring environment.
Online Video Workshops
Join Dave Johnson Workshop to write daily new poems in only 10 minutes. Click the banner for two series of video poetry workshops where poet, playwright and educator Dave Johnson chooses a poet each day, and takes us through a close reading of their work. He gives us an instruction based on their work, then a short biography and reads an additional poem. These workshops are fun and surprising, for teens through adults, free.
The Thompson Foundation Initiative
The highlight of our teen poetry workshop program is the Thompson Foundation Initiative, through which noted poets visit high school classrooms followed by free follow-up class visits to Poets House. Recent teachers have included Dave Johnson, Jive Poetic, and Maphogany Browne. This initiative is meant to increase access to poetic education for underserved schools and students by combining hands-on instruction from established poets with on-site visits to our extensive library. Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic.
If you are a teacher interested in this program, please reach out to Reggie Harris to arrange sessions for your class. Free class trips for all age levels are also available outside of this program.
Intensive Workshops for Teens
Advanced, individualized study is available periodically for students who want to continue writing poetry, through either our day-long or week-long intensive workshops.
One-day workshops: Participation is free. All interested teens are encouraged to sign up.
Week-long workshops: Participants are determined through an application process and an external judge; all interested high school students are encouraged to apply. Financial aid is available.
21．Teens can get to know one poet on a daily basis in ____.
A．Dave Johnson Workshop B．the Thompson Foundation Initiative
C．Jive Poetic Workshop D．Intensive Workshops for Teens
22．In the Thompson Foundation Initiative, students can ____.
A．visit Poets House with Mahogany Browne
B．contact Reggie Harris to attend class trips
C．work one-on-one with established poets
D．learn and enjoy poetry in diverse ways
23．What do the workshops in the passage have in common
A．They are free of charge.
B．They are for all age groups.
C．They offer chances to write poems.
D．They have famous poets as teachers.
【答案】21．A
22．D
23．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在诗人之家举办的青少年诗歌研讨会为高中作家提供的三个学习研讨诗歌的项目。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．考查细节理解。根据 Online Video Workshops 部分中的"Click the banner for two series of video poetry workshops where poet, playwright and educator Dave Johnson chooses a poet each day, and takes us through a close reading of their work."点击横幅，观看两个系列的视频诗歌研讨会，诗人、剧作家和教育家戴夫·约翰逊每天都会选择一位诗人，并带我们仔细阅读他们的作品。可知，青少年每日可以通过戴夫·约翰逊研讨会了解一位诗人。故选A。
22．考查推理判断。根据The Thompson Foundation Initiative部分中的"Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic."学生通过阅读、写作和融合视觉和语言的艺术项目参与诗歌创作。可知，在汤普森基金会倡议活动中学生可以通过不同的方式学习和享受诗歌。故选D。
23．考查推理判断。根据 Online Video Workshops 部分中的"Join Dave Johnson Workshop to write daily new poems in only 10 minutes."加入戴夫·约翰逊工作坊，只需10分钟即可写出每日新诗；The Thompson Foundation Initiative部分中的"Students engage with poetry through reading, writing, and art projects that integrate the visual and linguistic."学生通过阅读、写作和融合视觉和语言的艺术项目参与诗歌创作；以及Intensive Workshops for Teens部分中的"Advanced, individualized study is available periodically for students who want to continue writing poetry, through either our day-long or week-long intensive workshops."通过我们为期一天或一周的强化研讨会，希望继续写诗的学生可以定期进行高级个性化学习。可知，三个研讨会的共同点是它们提供了写诗歌的机会。故选C。
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
Liu Jichen, founder and CEO of Clear Plate, designed a mini-program that recognizes empty plates and rewards users with points. These points can be exchanged for gifts like books and cellphones, or better yet, they can be used to purchase charity meals donated to poor children in rural areas of China.
In 2016, Liu, a then student of Tsinghua University, noticed a popular campaign called "Leftover Party", where people brought their leftovers to eat together, intending to raise awareness of food waste. Liu and his classmates organized one such event, which was attended by hundreds of people. The success encouraged him to spread the concept of reducing food waste to a wider audience.
The idea of a mini-program struck him at a dinner in 2017 when Liu dined at a restaurant, which rewarded diners who finished off their food. Liu found that the restaurant would give these diners a card every time and offer them small gifts when they collected a certain number of cards. "Everyone who values food can enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu said, noting that such an idea could be realized online.
He formed a team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to identify the uploaded photos. Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1,000 others, spent half a year collecting over 100,000 samples across the country to train the digital brain.
"There were so many uncertainties in research and development. For our team members, the biggest challenge was whether we were confident enough to complete it," Liu said. They not only achieved their goal, but now, the mini-program has more than five million registered users. "We hope to inspire everyone to take action against food waste and to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global food security challenges," he added.
24．What inspired Liu Jichen to create the mini-program
A．A restaurant's practice. B．His interest in high tech.
C．A campaign concept. D．His classmates' advice.
25．What is the main aim of the mini-program
A．To increase the awareness of charity.
B．To encourage people to save food.
C．To collect photos of empty plates.
D．To promote books and other gifts.
26．Which of the following words can best describe Liu Jichen
A．Generous and optimistic. B．Loving and easy-going.
C．Determined and responsible. D．Grateful and considerate.
【答案】24．A
25．B
26．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Clear Plate 的创始人兼首席执行官刘继臣创办小程序激励大家采取行动反对粮食浪费的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
24．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The idea of a mini-program struck him at a dinner in 2017 when Liu dined at a restaurant, which rewarded diners who finished off their food. "在2017年的一次晚宴上，他想到了小程序的想法，当时刘继臣在一家餐厅吃饭，这家餐厅奖励吃完食物的人。可知，刘继臣创作这个小程序的灵感来自一家餐馆的做法。故选A。
25．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"We hope to inspire everyone to take action against food waste and to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global food security challenges"我们希望激励大家采取行动，反对粮食浪费，为全球粮食安全挑战贡献中国智慧和解决方案。可知，这个小程序的主要目的是鼓励人们节省粮食。故选B。
26．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"For our team members, the biggest challenge was whether we were confident enough to complete it"对于我们的团队成员来说，最大的挑战是我们是否有足够的信心去完成它；"They not only achieved their goal, but now, the mini-program has more than five million registered users."他们不仅实现了他们的目标，而且现在，这个小程序已经拥有超过500万的注册用户。可知，刘继臣和他的团队面对巨大的挑战满怀信心并达成目标，所以刘继臣是一个很有决心的人；以及最后一段中的"We hope to inspire everyone to take action against food waste and to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global food security challenges"我们希望激励大家采取行动，反对粮食浪费，为全球粮食安全挑战贡献中国智慧和解决方案。可知，刘继臣创办小程序来鼓励大家采取行动，反对粮食浪费，是一个很有责任心的人。故选C。
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
My university has now topped the U.S. News & World Report rankings for 11 years running. Given Princeton's success, you might think I would be a fan of the list. Not so. Don't get me wrong. I am proud of Princeton's teaching, research and commitment to service. I like seeing our quality recognized. Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities. Different schools have distinct strengths, structures and missions. The idea of picking one as "best", as though educational programs competed like athletic teams, is strange.
However, the U.S. News rankings attract great attention and a huge customer base. Applicants and their families rely on the rankings and feel pressure to get into highly regarded institutions. As a result, many schools make intense efforts to move up in the rankings. This competition produces damaging consequences. For example, some universities avoid doing difficult but valuable things—such as admitting talented lower-income students who can succeed at university if given appropriate support.
Still, students and families need comparative information to choose universities. If rankings mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables. Graduation rates are crucial. A university that does not graduate its students is like a car with a bad maintenance (维修) record. It costs money without getting you anywhere. What applicants need is not the average graduation rate, but the rate for students with backgrounds like their own. For example, some places successfully graduate their wealthy students but do less well for lower-income students. Applicants should also see some measure of post-graduation outcomes.
Here is a partial list of other factors that matter: cost of tuition (学费) and fees; high-quality teachers actively engaged in undergraduate instruction; and a learning culture composed of diverse students who study hard and educate one another. Judged by these criteria, many schools could be "Consumer Reports Best Buys". Applicants should be excited to get into any of them; they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is "the best".
It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings. In the meantime, those of us who understand the imperfection in the rankings must call them out—even when, indeed especially when, we finish at the top.
27．What is the author's attitude towards university rankings
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Disapproving. D．Neutral.
28．Why does the author mention Consumer Reports
A．To reveal the multiplicity of consumers.
B．To present the information of potential buyers.
C．To highlight the difficulty of choosing universities.
D．To emphasize the need of overall evaluation of universities.
29．What can we learn from this passage
A．It is not likely to have a Consumer Reports for universities.
B．The most suitable university for applicants may not rank the top.
C．The average graduation rate is crucial to lower-income applicants.
D．The top universities can see the imperfection in the rankings better.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．There is no such thing as a good or bad student.
B．Education equality is an ideal hard to be realized.
C．An alternative approach is needed to assess universities.
D．Discrimination against poor students brings loss of talents.
【答案】27．C
28．D
29．B
30．C
【知识点】推理判断题；观点态度题；学习教育类；议论文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以作者用其他的方法来评估大学。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
27．考查观点态度。根据第一段中的"Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities."然而，排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式。可知，作者认为排名是一种误导性的大学评估方式，可推断，作者对大学排名的态度是不赞成的，故选C。
28．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"If rankings mislead, what is the alternative For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university education. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables."如果排名误导了别人，那还有什么选择呢？几代人以来，除了大学教育，消费者几乎都是从《消费者报告》中获得各方面的建议。当《消费者报告》评估一个产品时，它评估了多个因素，以便潜在的买家能够明智地做出自己的选择。同样，大学申请者需要一些基本变量的信息。可知，作者提到《消费者报告》是为了强调大学综合评价的必要性，故选D。
29．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is ‘the best'."他们应该挑选自己认为最有吸引力的学校，而不应该浪费时间担心哪一所学校是"最好的"。可知，申请者应该申请自己认为最有吸引力的学校而不是那些排名最好的学校，可推断出最适合申请者的学校，不一定是排名最好的学校，故选B。
30．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"It would be great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings."如果能有一份大学的《消费者报告》就好了。我希望一些全国性的出版物有勇气对高等教育机构进行一年一度、用户友好型的消费者报告分析，即使它不像足球式的排名那么有吸引力也没关系。可知，文章主要讲述了大学排名是是一种误导性的评估方式，所以要用其他的方法来评估大学，即大学需要另一种评估方式。故选C。
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读理解
If there's one cliché (陈词滥调) that really annoys Danah Boyd, a specialist researcher who has made a career from studying the way teenagers use the web, it's that of the digital native. "Today the world has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in order to learn about their social world around them, teenagers are learning about those things too. And they're using that to work out the stuff that kids have always worked out: peer (同龄人) sociality, status, etc.," she says.
It's no surprise Boyd takes exception, really: as one of the first digital anthropologists to dig into the way teenagers use social networking sites, she gained insights into the social web by taking a closer look at what was going on.
Lately, her work has been about explaining new ways of interpreting the behavior we see online. She outlined some examples at a recent conference in San Francisco, including the case of a young man from one of the poorest districts of Los Angeles who was applying for a top American college. The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of violence, but the admissions officer was shocked when he discovered that the boy's MySpace page was covered with precisely the violent language he claimed to hate. "Why was he lying about his motivations " asked the university. "He wasn't," said Boyd. "In his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily life."
Understanding what's happening online is especially important, for today's teenagers have a vastly different approach to privacy from their parents. She says, "Adults think of the home as a very private space. That's often not the case for teenagers because they have little or no control over who has access to it, or under what conditions. As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels like there's more control."
The concept of control is central to Boyd's work, and it applies to pointing out the true facts about teenage behavior. Boyd suggests control remains in the same places as it always did. "Technologists all go for the idea of ‘techno-utopia (乌托邦)', the web as great democratizer (民主化)," she says. "But we're not actually democratizing the whole system; we're just shifting the way in which we discriminate."
It's a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to treading a fine line between academics and activists. "The questions I continue to want to ask are the things that are challenging to me: having to sit down and be forced to think about uncomfortable social stuff, and it's really hard to get my head around it, which means it's exactly what I should dive in and deal with," she says.
31．What does Danah Boyd think of "computer-mediated communications"
A．They teach teenagers about social interaction.
B．They replace other sorts of social interaction for teenagers.
C．They are necessary for teenagers to have social interaction.
D．They are barriers to wider social interaction among teenagers.
32．Why does Danah Boyd cite the example of the Los Angeles college applicant
A．To show how easy it is to investigate somebody's online activity.
B．To illustrate how easy it is to misinterpret an individual online activity.
C．To prove how important it is to check the content of someone's online activity.
D．To express how necessary it is to judge one's sincerity from his online activity.
33．Danah Boyd argues in Paragraph 4 that ____.
A．teenagers are less concerned about privacy than their parents
B．parents tend not to respect teenagers' need for online privacy
C．parents value the idea of privacy less in a domestic environment
D．teenagers feel more private in the online world than in the home
34．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Danah Boyd ____.
A．is willing to take on research challenges others would avoid
B．regards herself as being more of an activist than a researcher
C．is aware that she is lacking in ability to deal with the challenges
D．feels like abandoning the research into uncomfortable social stuff
【答案】31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，数字人类学家Danah Boyd深入研究青少年使用社交网站方式，她指出：青少年在网络上的行为很容易被误解，他们在网络世界里隐私感更强。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
31．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Today the world has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in order to learn about their social world around them, teenagers are learning about those things too."今天，世界已经有了以计算机为媒介的通信。因此，为了了解他们周围的社会世界，青少年也在学习这些东西。可推知，Danah Boyd认为"以计算机为媒介的通信"是青少年进行社会互动所必需的渠道。故选C。
32．考查推理判断。第三段列举了一位来自洛杉矶最贫困地区的年轻人申请美国顶尖大学的例子，根据段中"The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of violence, but the admissions officer was shocked when he discovered that the boy's MySpace page was covered with precisely the violent language he claimed to hate. ‘Why was he lying about his motivations ' asked the university.‘He wasn't,' said Boyd. ‘In his world, showing the right images online was a key part of surviving daily life.'" 申请人说他想逃离暴力的影响，但是当招生官发现男孩的MySpace页面上满是他声称讨厌的那些暴力语言时，他感到非常震惊。"他为什么对自己的动机撒谎 "所申请的大学问。"他没有（撒谎），"Boyd说。"在他的世界里，在网上展示正确的图片是日常生活的一个关键部分"可知，那个男孩申请的大学对他在网上的行为有所误解，认为他撒谎。但是Boyd认为那个男孩没有撒谎，并解释他在网上的那些有暴力语言的图片反映了他在日常生活中是怎样生存的。可推断，Boyd举出这个例子是为了说明一个人的网上活动是多么容易被误解。故选B。
33．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Adults think of the home as a very private space. That's often not the case for teenagers because they have little or no control over who has access to it, or under what conditions. As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels like there's more control."成年人认为家是一个非常私人的空间。对于青少年来说，情况往往不是这样，因为他们很少能或根本无法控制谁或者在什么条件下会进入（他们的隐私空间）。因此，网络世界感觉更私密，因为它感觉有更多的控制)"可知，Danah Boyd认为青少年在网络世界里比在家里感觉更有隐私。故选D。
34．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"It's a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to treading a fine line between academics and activists. ‘The questions I continue to want to ask are the things that are challenging to me; having to sit down and be forced to think about uncomfortable social stuff, and it's really hard to get my head around it, which means it's exactly what I should dive in and deal with, ' she says."(这是一个大多数学术研究人员往往会回避的战斗号召，但Boyd承认，他在学术和活动家之间走了一条微妙的线。她说："我一直想问的问题对我来说是具有挑战性的；我不得不坐下来，被迫思考不舒服的社交问题，这真的很难让我的脑袋转过去，这意味着这正是我应该投入和处理的。"可推知，Danah Boyd 认为大多数学术研究人员都倾向于回避，但是她觉得这些问题对她来说是挑战。这些问题很难理解，而这正是她应该深入研究探讨的。可推断，Boyd愿意接受其他人可能会回避的挑战。故选A。
（2023高二上·丰台期中）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re-purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. 35．
Downcycling is also known as downstream recycling. It is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. 36． White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.
Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste. Once downcycled to their full capacity, however, these materials are eventually so degraded that they cannot be reused further. Since downcycled products are considered of lower quality than their original form, they cannot be used in remaking their original product.
37． Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. 38．
Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment. Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.
When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable. 39． Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.
A. It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
B. Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
C. They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.
D. Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
E. This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes.
【答案】35．A；36．B；37．D；38．C；39．E
【知识点】说明文；五选五；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种回收形式——降级回收，这种回收方式是将材料重新加工成质量更低的新产品。
【点评】考查五选五，本文是一篇环保类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
35．根据空前"One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re-purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality."其中一种回收被称为"降级回收"，涉及将一种材料重新利用成质量较低的新产品。可知，空前提到了降级回收。 A. It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials. "它可以包括不同等级的塑料、纸制品和其他材料。"是上文内容的自然延续，继续介绍了降级回收的相关信息。故选A。
36．根据空后"White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again."例如，白色的信纸经常被降级为硬纸板；一旦降级为这种新形式，它就不能再作为白纸使用了。可知，下文所举例子指的是白色信纸被降级为硬纸板，所以不能在作为白纸使用。B. Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one."它们的回收形式通常比原来的更弱，也更便宜。"与下文所举例子内容上保持一致，指的是降级回收是将材料加工成质量更低的新产品。故选B。
37．根据空后"Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. "标有数字1的塑料、玻璃和铝制品可以重新制造成同等或更高价值的产品。这种类型的回收被称为升级回收，代表了回收部件的前向兼容性。可用于降级回收的材料，如水、果汁和牛奶瓶，都标有数字2。可知，下文讲述的是产品上的代码或数字，代表的是其等级以及是否可以回收。D. Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled."产品附有代码，以确定其等级和是否可以回收。"与本段主要内容一致，指的是产品代码确定了其等级和是否可以回收。故选D。
38．根据空前"Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two."可用于降级回收的材料，如水、果汁和牛奶瓶，都标有数字2。可知，标有数字2的材料可用于降级回收。C. They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled."在降级循环后，它们不得再次用于盛装食品级物品。"与上文内容一致，指的是标有数字2的材料用于降级回收后，不能再次用于盛装食品级物品。故选C。
39．根据空前"When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable. "当产品达到代码7时，它被认为不再可回收。可知，上文指的是产品代码为7时就不能再回收了。E. This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes."这通常发生在一种物质与其他物质混合时，例如具有不同的回收代码的不同类型的塑料。"是上文内容的自然延续，指的是具有不同的回收代码的不同类型的塑料混合后就被认为不再可回收。故选E。
（2023高二上·丰台期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
In 1983, Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In the book, he presented one type of intelligence that everyone must develop if they want to be successful. That is emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions. It means having a deep understanding of yourself, knowing your own strengths and weaknesses, and handling reactions and emotions wisely. Emotional intelligence is critical for success in almost any field and it is especially important for high-stress environments, for example, when times are tough and when a person wants to quit or is fearful.
We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret. I've seen many people do this on social media, getting in arguments with loved ones over trivial stuff because they have different opinions. This inability to master the self leads to many struggles and heartaches for people.
Emotional intelligence does not mean being void (没有) of emotions. It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it's okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复). Many of us know people who are very intelligent, but allow their emotions to damage their lives.
Now, reflect on how you manage your emotions. Are you smart in the way you express what you're feeling, especially when the pressure is on
40．According to the passage, what is "emotional intelligence"
41．How do highly emotional people deal with their emotions
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It's important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you should neither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge.
43．In your daily life, what can you do to better manage your emotions
【答案】40．Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions.
41．Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret.
42．It's important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you shouldneither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge.
According to the passage, it's okay for you to feel angry, just not out-of-control angry.
43．I manage my emotions in two ways. Firstly, I like writing down my bad feelings, which enables me to let go of them so that I can focus more on what makes me cheerful. Secondly, when conflict occurs, it helps to talk openly about my feelings and thoughts.
I improve my emotional control from two aspects. When in conflict with others, I address it with a shoe-shifting view, which helps me better understand them and avoid highly emotional response. As for my negative feelings, I prefer to let them out in a healthy way, such as running or singing, which benefits me emotionally.
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是情商，高情商和低情商的人分别有什么表现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而做出正确答案。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions."情商指的是识别和调节自己情绪的能力。可知，情商指的是识别和调节自己情绪的能力，故答案为Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions。
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret."我们都认识高度情绪化的人。他们没有做出明智的反应，而是倾向于让自己的情绪控制自己的生活，经常说或做一些事后可能会后悔的事情。可知，高度情绪化的人倾向于让他们的情绪控制他们的生活，经常说或做一些事后可能会后悔的事情，故答案为Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret。
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it's okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复)."这意味着你知道生气是可以的，只是不要失控。你知道受伤是可以的，但以复仇的名义做傻事就不对了。可知，题干中说"should neither get angry"都不应该生气"是不对的，故答案为It's important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you should neither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge. According to the passage, it's okay for you to feel angry, just not out-of-control angry. 。
43．考查推理判断。根据客观事实，首先，我喜欢写下我的不好的感觉，这能让我放开它们，这样我就能更多地关注让我快乐的事情。其次，当冲突发生时，公开谈论我的感受和想法会有帮助。故答案为I manage my emotions in two ways. Firstly, I like writing down my bad feelings, which enables me to let go of them so that I can focus more on what makes me cheerful. Secondly, when conflict occurs, it helps to talk openly about my feelings and thoughts.。
44．（2023高二上·丰台期中）假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你在学校英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖，请用英文写一封邮件感谢外教Jim对你的帮助，内容包括：1. 表示感谢；2. 回顾Jim对你的帮助；3. 你的祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右。2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jim,
How is everything going I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks to you because I've
won the first prize in the English Speech Contest of our school. Your kind help has meant more
than anything.
I remember vividly how you guided and encouraged me. During the preparation of the
contest, you helped polish my draft many times and better my pronunciation with great patience.The public speaking skills you shared turned out really effective. More importantly, whenever I felt hesitant and unsure about myself, you were always there to back me up and boost my confidence. Without you, I couldn't have made such an achievement.
Thank you for everything you have done for me and wish you all the best.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以 红星中学高二学生 李华的身份 写一封邮件感谢外教Jim对你的帮助 。写作背景： 你在学校英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 表示感谢；2. 回顾Jim对你的帮助；3. 你的祝愿。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks to you because I'vewon the first prize in the English Speech Contest of our school.运用了不定式作目的状语，原因状语从句； I remember vividly how you guided and encouraged me. 运用了宾语从句；The public speaking skills you shared turned out really effective. 运用了限制性定语从句；More importantly, whenever I felt hesitant and unsure about myself, you were always there to back me up and boost my confidence.运用了时间状语从句； Without you, I couldn't have made such an achievement.运用了虚拟语气；Thank you for everything you have done for me and wish you all the best.运用了祈使句，并列句，限制性定语从句。
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