UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Real life is sometimes stranger than fiction (小说)．
2.You'll be paid a bonus (奖金) at the end of every year.
3.The kid was raised to become a man of integrity (诚实)．
4.A man's dignity (尊严) depends not upon his wealth but upon his character.
5.A cloud of smoke was suspended (悬) in the air.
6.He was dismissed (解雇) for neglect of his duty.
7.He draws his salary (工资) at the end of every month.
8.The salesman (推销员) cheated me into buying a fake.
9.It is absurd (荒唐) that they should deny my request.
10. Rumour (传言) has it that the president is coming to visit our school.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.She looked ridiculously (ridiculous) young to be a mother.
2.They made an appointment (appoint) for the second day of May.
3.He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty (guilt)．
4.She read the declaration (declare) aloud for everyone to hear it clearly.
5.There is an interesting article in this weekly (week) newspaper.
6.They made the wrong calculation (calculate) of their situation.
7.The desire to look (look) attractive is universal.
8.She has been in a relationship with her boyfriend for a year and a half.
9.The students tested out their cost-cutting ideas in several companies.
10.Its rate of growth was fast—much more like that of an ape than that of a human.
Ⅲ.选词填空
test out，experiment with， on a business trip， more like， look after， or rather， go downtown， in time， come up with， make an appointment with
1.She behaves towards me more like a friend than a mother.
2.I am going on a business trip with my boss tomorrow.
3.The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.
4.We should advertise for someone to look after the garden.
5.Scientists experimented with military rockets in the early research, which prepared the ground for space travel.
6.Americans, or rather Afro-Americans are good at jazz music.
7.It is necessary for you to make an appointment with the doctor before you go to see him.
8.Based on this plan, the municipal government has come up with 78 detailed tasks, of which 45 have been completed so far.
9.He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident.
10.I will need to go downtown to the bank this afternoon.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·河北省廊坊市第一中学高二月考)
It's 2035.You have a job, a family and you're about 40 years old! Welcome to your future life.
Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror.“Turn red，” you say.Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red.Tiny preprogrammed electronics(智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color.Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you're 40.You look much younger.With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old.You're not even middle-aged!
As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that！” from your shoes.They read the tiny electronic code(电子源码) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details.You decide to listen to your shoes.“Kitchen，what can I have for breakfast？” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.
“Ready for your trip to space？” you ask your son and daughter.In 2015 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them.Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations.Your best friend even works in space.Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor says you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past.Ordinary foods contain special vaccines.With the strawberries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.
It's time for you to go to work.Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors.“My office.Autopilot，” you command.Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway.You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper.The latest news downloads and fills the viewer.Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍在2035年的未来生活，具体说明了在未来我们生活中的很多巨大变化。
1.What changes the color of your shirt B
A．The mirror.
B．The preprogrammed electronics.
C．The sunlight.
D．The medicine.
解析：细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句可知，你的衬衫里面安装了智能电子元件，它可以使你的衬衫改变颜色。故选B。
2.How do the shoes know that you shouldn't eat the breakfast cereal D
A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.
B．By getting the doctor's advice.
C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.
D．By checking the nutrition details of the food.
解析：细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，你的鞋子会读出你要吃的食物中的营养成分，然后告诉你是否该吃。故选D。
3.The strawberries the children eat serve as C .
A．breakfast B．lunch
C．vaccines D．nutrition
解析：推理判断题。由第四段的描述可知，孩子们不用再打防疫针了，孩子们嘴里吃的草莓实际上就是包含特殊疫苗的水果。故选C。
4.How is the text organized A
A．In order of time.
B．In order of space.
C．In order of preference.
D．In order of importance.
解析：推理判断题。文章主题部分讲到了上班前穿衣、吃早饭、太空旅行、去上班等生活片段，所以文章的组织结构是按时间顺序。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·广东省广州市一模)
How Star Wars Changed Movie-making Forever
“May the force be with you！” If you are a Star Wars fan, then you have probably heard this phrase many times. 1.F So many characters, devices, and phrases from the movie have become well-known.But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changed how movies are made.
“A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...”is how Star Wars begins.Its plot was not ground-breaking.
2.B The story was typical science fiction with lots of drama, traditional characters and good battling evil, in space and in hand-to-hand fight.
It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies.People still talk about the light swords(剑) that could cut, burn and melt through most substances.Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge, realistic-looking space stations. 3.C When Star Wars first came out in 1977, most movie theaters were stand-alone buildings, with just one movie screen.Using the money Star Wars had made for them, movie-theater owners built more theaters, leading to the multiplexes (多影厅影院) that are common today.
Theaters needed more movies to show on all the additional movie screens and in all the new multiplexes.So new movie companies sprang up, including small ones creating experimental movies. 4.A Some of the methods became popular and others failed.But, thanks to Star Wars, people got to see new types of movies.
5.E There had been movie continuations previously, but they were often just poor imitations of the first movie.The Star Wars movies were all popular.There have been two trilogies(三部曲) so far, with more planned.
A．They tried out new techniques.
B．In fact, it was quite old-fashioned.
C．Moviegoers had never seen anything like it.
D．Thus, audience began to enjoy science fiction movies there.
E．Star Wars was the first really successful movie trilogy in history.
F．If you are not a fan, you are still likely familiar with these words.
G．If you are a movie maker, you may be inspired by this classic film.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《星球大战》这部影片的特点和它在电影史上的重要影响。
解析：
1．F选项与前面一句句式一致，且选项中still一词与前文构成递进，these words指代文章第一句话。故选F。
2．选项中old-fashioned与前文not ground-breaking(独创的)是近义词，且it指代前文的plot。故选B。
3．选项(影迷们从未见过这样的电影)与前文表达电影场面一致，选项中it指代前面一句中描绘的电影中的画面。故选C。
4．设空处后文的主旨句。选项中的they指代前一句中的new movie companies, techniques与后文的methods是近义词。故选A。
5．设空处是该段的主旨句。后面围绕《星球大战》是史上第一部真正成功的电影三部曲。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·河北省张家口市部分学校高二期中)
Beekeepers in China's high-tech powerhouse of Zhejiang Province have developed a smart way of using intelligent beehives (蜂窝) to change bee farming. Over 300 1.insiders (insider) and experts came to Chun'an County on Saturday 2.to witness (witness) the pilot.More than 2, 600 artificial beehives have been arranged in mountains in western Hangzhou.
Chen Pinghua, chair of Qiandao Lake Mozhidao Biotechnology Co.Ltd., which operates the bee farm, said the smart hives were equipped with sensors, 3.which can monitor and control the temperature and humidity(湿度) and send the data on the number of times the bees enter and leave as well 4.as the weight of the hive.Then technicians can determine whether the honey can be harvested.
Each hive has a unique QR code that 5.traces (trace) the source of the honey to ensure food safety, Chen said.He said staff could open an app on their mobile phones to monitor the real-time data of each hive, which 6.greatly (great) improves efficiency.
Saturday happened at the same time with World Honey Bee Day 7.appointed (appoint) by the United Nations in 2017 to spread awareness on the 8.importance (important) of bees，which pollinate(传授花粉) one-third of the world's grain-producing plants.
“Beekeeping has a long history in China, but it has remained as 9.a very low-end business without standards for hives and on how bees are raised and how honey 10.is harvested (harvest)，” Chen said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浙江省淳安县利用高科技养蜂的事情。
解析：
1．考查名词复数。句意：周六，300多名业内人士和专家来到淳安县见证了这一试点。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作主语，“insider”意为“业内人士，知情人”，为可数名词，根据空格前“Over 300”可知，空格处应用“insider”的复数形式“insiders”。故填insiders。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“came”，故空处应用非谓语动词，“witness”意为“见证”，根据句意可知，设空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to witness。
3．考查定语从句。句意：经营该养蜂场的千岛湖莫之岛生物科技有限公司董事长陈平华表示，智能蜂箱配备了传感器，可以监测和控制温度和湿度，并发送蜜蜂进出次数以及蜂箱重量的数据。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“sensors”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
4．考查固定短语。句意同上。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“as well as”，意为“也，和”。故填as。
5．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：陈平华说，每个蜂箱都有一个独特的二维码，可以追踪蜂蜜的来源，以确保食品安全。分析句子可知，句子为“that”引导定语从句，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“that”代指先行词“a unique QR code”，在句中作主语为单数名词，与trace(追溯到)构成主动关系。故填traces。
6．考查副词。句意：他说，工作人员可以在手机上打开一个应用程序来监控每个蜂巢的实时数据，这大大提高了效率。分析句子可知，设空处应用副词，作状语，应用副词形式“greatly”，意为“大大地”。故填greatly。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：星期六该活动与联合国于2017年指定的世界蜜蜂日同时举行，以传播蜜蜂的重要性，蜜蜂为世界三分之一的粮食生产植物授粉。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“happened”，故设空处应用非谓语动词，“World Honey Bee Day”和“appoint”为逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填appointed。
8．考查名词。句意同上。分析句子可知，“on”为介词，设空处应用名词，作宾语。故填importance。
9．考查冠词。句意：陈平华说：“养蜂在中国有着悠久的历史，但它仍然是一个非常低端的行业，没有蜂箱标准，也没有蜜蜂饲养和蜂蜜收获的标准。”分析句子可知，句中泛指一个非常低端的行业，故设空处应用不定冠词。故填a。
10．考查时态和语态。句意同上。分析句子可知，设空处是从句的谓语动词，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“honey”和“harvest”为被动关系。故填is harvested。(共93张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
单元话题导读
课前自主预习
课内要点探究
单元核心素养
随堂达标验收
百科知识
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
背景介绍
在2019年上映的电影《流浪地球》的票房和口碑俱佳，大受欢迎。这是首都国产硬科幻电影，堪称中国硬科幻电影的里程碑。《流浪地球》汇聚了时代热点话题，是中国梦的隐喻性、转喻性表达，特别是电影体现的那种把地球推离太阳系、带着地球流浪、堪比“女娲补天”“精卫填海”的民族精神，以及某种隐约可见的家庭伦理叙事构架，都是具有中国特色的。该部电影深刻影响了中国电影生产的格局，引发了“中国硬科幻电影元年”的说法，在中国电影类型建设上具有里程碑式的意义。
The sun is going to expand into the orbit of Mercury(水星) according to scientific calculations, which will result in the entire Earth catching fire, killing all life on the planet. In order to survive, the United Earth Government installs about 10,000 giant engines on the Earth to power it away from its initial orbit and flee to Alpha Centauri.The whole trip is expected to last 2,500 years, during which time humankind will go through about 100 generations. Yet, as the Earth approaches Jupiter, the gas giant's huge gravitational force captures the planet and threatens to tear the Earth apart within days. Who will save the world
This imaginative tale is at the heart of the science-fiction movie The Wandering Earth.The original novel was written by Liu Cixin, one of China's most remarkable science-fiction writers and a winner of the 2015 Hugo Award for his novel The Three-Body Problem. Unlike many American space-themed films where the solution to a disaster the Earth faces is always fleeing the planet, people in the film are taking the Earth with them. The film, which is the country's most successful science-fiction film of all time, has offered a different and more ambitious idea.The “ambition” doesn't come from nowhere. For thousands of years, the “homeland” has taken roots in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. One old idiom that shows a strong feeling that Chinese people have had for their homeland is “luoyeguigen”， which means returning to one's homeland at an old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.
More importantly，The Wandering Earth is the first “made-in-China” science-fiction movie on the big screen, as the original novel was written by a Chinese author and the director, Guo Fan, is also Chinese. That's just the point. It means domestic movie production teams have matured enough to develop new ideas on the creative basis of science-fiction writers, while the writers are willing to work together with movie productions so that the film results in the best possible performance. Liu may be a highly regarded science-fiction writer in China, but he is not the only one. There are many more writers with rich imaginations, and their works can be adapted for movies as well.
1．What's the main purpose of the opening paragraph ____
A．To give a brief account of the film.
B．To warn people of the coming threat.
C．To explore ways to avoid the disaster.
D．To introduce the topic of the passage.
解析：推理判断题。由第一段的内容并结合第二段的首句“This imaginative tale is at the heart of the science-fiction movie The Wandering Earth.” 可知，第一段简单介绍了《流浪地球》的内容，目的是引出本文的话题。故选D。
D
2．What attitude does the author have towards the domestic science-fiction film ____
A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Critical.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“It means domestic movie production teams have matured enough to develop new ideas...the film results in the best possible performance.”可知，国内电影制作团队已经足够成熟，在科幻作家的创作基础上不断创新，由此可知，作者对国内科幻电影的发展持积极态度。故选C。
C
词海拾贝
①survive v．生存，存活；幸存，幸免于难
②initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
③mature adj.明白事理的；成熟的；像成人似的 v．使(技能或素质)成熟，充分发展；成熟，长成
美句欣赏
One old idiom that shows a strong feeling that Chinese people have had for their homeland is “luoyeguigen”， which means returning to one's homeland at an old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.(Para.2)
译文：“落叶归根”这个古老的成语表达了中国人对家乡的强烈感情，它的意思是一个人年老时回到家乡，就像飘落的树叶在树木根部一样。
百科知识
1．SATISFACTION GUARANTEED《包你满意》
《包你满意》是科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫(lsaac Asimov)的短篇科幻小说，首次刊载美国科幻杂志《惊人的故事》1951年4月期。
艾萨克·阿西莫夫(1920—1992)，20世纪世界著名的科幻小说家之一。他是俄裔美国人，一生著述多达四五百种。使他声名远扬的是他的科幻小说，特别是《基地》系列和《机器人》系列。
2．THE TIME MACHINE《时间机器》
《时间机器》是英国作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯(Herbert George Wells)创作的中篇小说，首次出版于1895年。该书讲述时间旅行者发明了一种机器，能够任意驰骋于过去和未来。小说被多次改编成电影和电视剧，并衍生出许多漫画作品。《时间机器》也启发了一大批同类题材的科幻作品。
威尔斯(1866—1946)，英国作家，一生创作了许多部作品。其中，科幻小说《莫洛博士岛》《隐身人》《星际战争》等影响较大。
3．《三体》(The Three-Body Problem)是刘慈欣(Liu Cixin)创作的系列长篇科幻小说，由《三体》《三体Ⅱ·黑暗森林》《三体Ⅲ·死神永生》组成，第一部于2006年5月起在《科幻世界》杂志上连载，第二部于2008年5月首次出版，第三部则于2010年11月出版。
作品讲述了地球人类文明和三体文明的信息交流、生死搏杀及两个文明在宇宙中的兴衰历程。第一部经过刘宇昆(Ken Liu)翻译后获得了第73届雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖(Hugo Award for Best Novel)。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1．________ n．意外收获；奖金；红利
2．____________ n．诚实正直；完整；完好
3．__________ n．庄重；庄严；尊严
4．_________ n．薪水；薪金
5．_________ adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
6．_______ n．指甲；钉子
7．_____________ n．女售货员；女推销员
8．_________ n．梯子；阶梯
9．__________ conj.然而；但是；尽管
bonus
integrity
dignity
salary
absurd
nail
saleswoman
ladder
whereas
B) 词形转换
1．__________ n．小说；虚构的事→ _____________ adj.虚构的，编造的； 假定的，虚设的； 小说式的； 假装的
2．_____________ adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的→_____________ adv.可笑地，荒谬地
3．________ vt.任命，委派；约定，指定；装设，布置→_________ adj.指定的，约定的→ _____________ n．预约；约会；委任
4．________n.[法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失； 内疚，悔恨； 自责→ _________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
fiction
fictitious
ridiculous
ridiculously
appoint
appointed
appointment
guilt
guilty
5．__________ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→ ____________ adj.暂停的，缓期的(宣判)，悬浮的→ ____________ n．吊裤带； 悬挂物； 吊杆； 吊袜带
6．_________ vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→ ____________ n．解雇，免职； 撤退； 解雇通知；[法律]驳回，拒绝受理
7．__________ vt.表明；宣称；公布→ ______________ n．宣言，布告，公告，声明
8．__________ vt.& vi.假定；假设→ ______________ n．推测，设想； 放肆，傲慢； [法律]推定
suspend
suspended
suspender
dismiss
dismissal
declare
declaration
presume
presumption
Ⅱ.高频短语
1．___________检验；测试
2．____________更像是；更接近
3．_______________根据；以……的方式
4．or rather ________________
5．turn around ________________
6．____________毕竟；终究
7．___________从……掉下来
8．__________及时；迟早
9．________________________抱着某人
10．____________不仅仅；不止
test out
more like
on a...basis
更确切地说
转向；回转
after all
fall off
in time
hold sb.in one's arms
more than
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially ______________ _______________________________________________________
克莱尔不想让机器人出现在家里，尤其是当她丈夫要出差三个星期的时候。
2．He seemed ____________ a human _______ a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。
as her husband
would be away on a business trip for three weeks...
more like
than
3．Claire thought _____ was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
it
4．As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire ___________________ __________________________________.
为了帮她这个忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把她家布置得更雅致。
5．As she turned around, ______________________________.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
make herself more
beautiful and her home more elegant
there stood Gladys Claffern
Ⅳ.课文解读
Step 1 Fast-reading
1．The passage mainly tells us ____.
A．the robot could do everything that man can
B．that a robot can take the place of a human being
C．an experiment where a household robot was tested out
D．why a robot fell in love with a human being
C
2．Read the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph. ____________
Para.1 A. Tony made Claire feel embarrassed.
Para.2 B. Tony promised to help Claire.
Para.3 C. A household robot would be tested out by Claire.
Para.4 D. Claire first saw the robot.
Para.5 E. Claire began to trust Tony.
Para.6 F. Tony caught Claire when she fell off a ladder.
Para.7 G. Tony told Claire he didn't want to leave her.
Para.8 H. Tony planned to help Claire to attract Gladys and her friends.
Para.9 I. Tony helped Claire improve herself and her house.
CDAEBIHFG
Step 2 Careful reading
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．Claire was asked to test out the household robot by the company.
( )
2．Larry would be away on business for three months.( )
3．She felt embarrassed when Tony asked her whether she needed help dressing.( )
4．Claffern was one of the richest and most powerful women around.
( )
F
T
T
T
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house ____
A．It is an extra benefit.
B．It is his responsibility.
C．It helps improve his house.
D．It can make Claire happy.
A
2．Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the robot ___
A．Because the robot was in fact not a machine.
B．Because she didn't like him.
C．Because she had seen the robot before.
D．Because the robot was more like a human than a machine.
D
3．Tony did the following things to help Claire realize her dream EXCEPT ____.
A．making her home elegant
B．giving her a new hairstyle and changing the makeup she wore
C．giving her advice on her dresses
D．going into a jewellery shop to buy her a necklace
4．Which of the following is NOT Tony's characteristic ____
A．Clumsy． B．Handsome．
C．Helpful． D．Smart.
D
A
课内要点探究
1.appointment n．预约；约会；委任
重点单词
D典型例句
At the time, his appointment seemed a stroke of genius．
当时，对他的任命犹如神来之笔。
She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4∶15．
她在星期五下午4点15分安排了一次会面。
S思维拓展
have/make an appointment to do sth.约好去做某事
appoint v．任命；委派；指定；约定
appoint to do sth.约定好做某事
appoint sb.(to be/as) sth.任命某人某职务
appoint sb．to do sth.委派某人做某事
Q巧学助记
appointment常指聚会、谈生意等事先安排的约定；date常指恋人之间的约会。
J即学即练
完成句子
①She has an ______________ with her accountant．
她和她的会计约好了见面。
②He secured the ______________ of professor of English literature in the university.
他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授。
appointment
appointment
单句语法填空
③Patients can make _____ appointment after registering through the hospital app or mini-programs on WeChat.
④(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Sara makes the phone call to cancel an ______________(appoint)．
⑤I am very sorry.I will not be able to keep my appointment _______ you on Thursday.
⑥Our visitors arrived at the ____________(appoint) time．
an
appointment
with
appointed
2.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
D典型例句
Four men were found guilty of breach of the peace．
四名男子被判扰乱治安罪。
When we feel anger, we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead．
当我们感到愤怒时，压抑这种情绪反而会觉得内疚。
S思维拓展
feel guilty about (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到内疚/惭愧
guilty of sth.犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的
guilt n．[法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失；内疚，悔恨；自责
guiltily adv.内疚地；有罪地
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
He pleaded guilty to murder.
他承认犯有谋杀罪。
Q巧学助记
形容词后缀-y表示“具有……性质的”
salty adj.咸的
handy adj.有用的；手边的
sleepy adj.困倦的；想睡的
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①He buried his face in his hands ___________(guilt)．
②The man was found guilty _____ armed robbery, and condemned to eight years' imprisonment.
③She feels guilty ________ spending less time lately with her two kids.
guiltily
of
about
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
D典型例句
I dismissed the carriage and walked the last mile.
我把马车打发走了，徒步走完最后一英里路。
At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed.
12点下课了。
S思维拓展
dismiss sb．from...让某人从……离开；解雇某人
dismiss sb．for sth.因某事解雇某人
dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind消除某人心中的恐惧/疑虑
Q巧学助记
dismiss和fire同义，dismiss/fire sb．for sth.都可表示“因……解雇某人”。
J即学即练
写出下列各句中dismiss的含义
①Though he had stolen from his employers, they did not dismiss him, out of consideration for his family．__________
②Dorothy was ready to dismiss the idea of making too large a hole in Mother's cheque．__________
③At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed．__________
④Most ordinary doctors, however, dismiss this as complete nonsense．
____________
解雇
摒除
解散
不予考虑
单句语法填空
⑤The suggestion should not be ____________ (dismiss)out of hand.
⑥ _____________ (dismiss)her fears, she climbed higher.
翻译句子
⑦委员会已决定辞退他。
____________________________________________
dismissed
Dismissing
The committee has decided to dismiss him.
4.declare vt.宣布；宣称；声明；表明
D典型例句
The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776.
美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。
It is declared that there will be no school this afternoon.
已经宣布今天下午不上课。
S思维拓展
declare that...宣布/宣称
declare for/against...声明赞成/反对……
declare war on...向……宣战
declare sb./sth.＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare sb./sth.(to be)...宣布某人/某物为……
It is declared that...据宣布……
declarer n．宣告者
declaration n．宣布，宣言，宣告；申报，声明(书)
Q巧学助记
The headmaster declared the sports meeting began.
校长宣布运动会开始。
Y易混辨析
declare与announce
Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.
当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时，大家都静静地听着。
The chairman declared the meeting closed.
主席宣布会议结束。
declare 多指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，多指在公开场合对某事发表态度
announce 多指对公众或特定人群发布他们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤其是新闻之类的消息
J即学即练
选词填空(declare/announce)
①(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It was ____________ that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
②On July 13,2001，Mr．Samaranch ___________ Beijing would host the 2008 Olympics.
announced
declared
单句语法填空
③The moment the military operation _______________(declare)open on August 1, 2017, the whole country cheered.
④We must declare war _____________ any form of invasion, regardless of what a high price we will pay for the cruel battles to come.
⑤August 8 was declared ________(be)National Fitness Day, when various events were held to encourage people to take more physical exercise．
was declared
on/against
to be
1.test out 试验；考验；检验；测试
重点短语
D典型例句
The new product had been tested out before it was put into market.
这种新产品经过试验后才进入市场。
Have you tested out this new theory
你测试过这个新理论了吗？
S思维拓展
test out对……进行彻底检验
test on检验，测验
test with用……检验
test for为鉴定……而测试；勘探
put sb./sth．to a/the test使……经受考验(检验)
take a test in/for...参加……考试/测试
Q巧学助记
The scientist tests out the theory by experiment.
科学家通过实验来检验理论。
J即学即练
完成句子
①This round-the-world voyage will really ______ his sailing experience ______________.
这次环球航行将对他的航海经验进行一次考验。
②The teacher will _______ the class _____ spelling today.
今天，老师要对这个班进行一次拼写测试。
③I _________________________ that new mattress.
我已经等不及试试那个新床垫了。
④Tens of thousands of people ______________ for government officers every year.
每年成千上万的人参加公务员考试。
put
to the test
test
on
can't wait to test out
take a test
2.more like更像是；更接近
D典型例句
He's more like a film star than a lifeguard, really．
真的，与其说他像救生员，不如说他更像电影明星。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time— but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.
迈克·柯廷一直在看我写的芝麻菜故事，但对他来说，这更像是12盒捐赠的草莓接近生命的最后一天。
S思维拓展
more likely更有可能的；更有希望的
more and more 越来越……；日益……
more often更频繁，更经常
more and more often越来越经常；越来越多
more often than not往往，多半
J即学即练
完成句子
①A team which is full of enthusiasm is ______________ to win．
情绪高涨的球队更可能获胜。
②People are dying of cancer ______________________.
死于癌症的人越来越多了。
③ ______________________ she misses the bus．
她经常赶不上这班公共汽车。
④Man is using up ________________ natural resources．
人类正在消耗越来越多的自然资源。
more likely
more and more often
More often than not
more and more
单句语法填空
⑤The opening speeches sounded more _______ declarations of war than offerings of peace．
like
1.Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks...
克莱尔不想让机器人出现在家里，尤其是她丈夫要出差三个星期。
重点句型
J句式分析
本句中as作为连词，引导时间状语从句。
She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.
她惊奇地看着他的手指一页一页地翻着。
S思维拓展
as引导状语从句
状语从句的类型 意义 用法
原因状语从句 因为，由于 此时as相当于since，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由
方式状语从句 照……方式； 正如；就像 —
状语从句的类型 意义 用法
时间状语从句 当……时， 随着 一般情况下，as后的动词所表示的动作和主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
让步状语从句 虽然，尽管 从句常用倒装语序，把表语形容词、副词、动词原形、分词或名词提前。作表语的单数可数名词位于句首时，其前不用冠词
比较状语从句 像……一样，如同 常用于“as...as...”或“not so/as...as...”结构中
Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.(as引导的原因状语从句)
人人都喜欢你，因为你既体贴又诚实。
When in Rome do as the Romans do.(as引导的方式状语从句)
[谚]入国问禁，入境随俗。
(天津高考)As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.(as引导的时间状语从句)
随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
Happy as they were, there was something missing.(as引导的让步状语从句，作表语的形容词提前，构成倒装。)
尽管他们很快乐，但缺少点儿什么。
The task is not as hard as I thought.(as引导的比较状语从句)
这项任务没有我想象的那么困难。
J即学即练
结合as的用法完成句子
① __________________(随着他们长大), students are likely to develop their good habits of learning.
②(天津高考阅读理解改编)Her voice was soft but confident ________ _________(当她指着) to the corner near the windows.
③Detailed surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take medicine ________________(遵照指示)．
④ _________________(他虽然贫穷), he made every effort to improve the situation.
As they grow up
as she
pointed
as instructed
Poor as he was
2.He seemed more like a human than a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。
J句式分析
在more...than...中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的内容，相当于“是……而不是……”。
The hat is more green than blue.
这顶帽子是绿色而不是蓝色的。
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
与其说这是一本语法书还不如说是一本字典。
S思维拓展
no more than仅仅
not more than不超过
no＋比较级＋than与……一样不……
not＋比较级＋than不比……更……
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
You are no more careful than he is.
你和他一样不仔细。
Tom is not more diligent than Mary.
汤姆不如玛丽勤奋。
J即学即练
完成句子
①He is _______ a scholar _______ a teacher.
与其说他是教师，不如说他是学者。
②China Daily is ________________________.It helps to improve our English.
《中国日报》不仅仅是一种报纸,它还有助于提高我们的英语水平。
③How disappointing！They have finished _______________ 5% of the work.
多么令人失望啊！他们仅仅完成了这项工作的5%。
more
than
more than a newspaper
no more than
3.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
J句式分析
该句是复合句。it是从句的形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。
It was clear that they had no desire for peace.
很明显他们没有对和平的渴望。
It seems that Mr Wu's idea is more practical.
看起来吴先生的意见更实际一些。
It happened that I wasn't there that day.
恰巧那天我不在那里。
S思维拓展
it作形式主语的常见结构如下：
(1)It's a pity/a shame/good news/an honour/a good thing/one's hope that...
(2)It's strange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely/possible/ obvious that...
(3)It seems/happened/suddenly struck me that...
(4)It is said/reported/announced/expected/arranged that...
(5)It is doubtful/not decided/not made clear/to be decided/a question＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
(6)It doesn't matter/doesn't make too much difference＋连接代词或连接副词引导的从句
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) _____ just happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen.
②It's our hope ______ we will play a greater role _____ the marketplace and, therefore, supply more jobs.
③The rain lasted about an hour and it was a pity _______ we had to stop our work．
It
that
in
that
4.As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.
为了帮她这个忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把她家布置得更雅致。
J句式分析
本句中Tony是主语，promises是谓语，不定式短语作宾语，其中含有“make＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，形容词为宾语补足语。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
他们想让公众明白，他们做的是一项重要而必要的工作。
It's the choices we make that make us who we are, and we always have a choice to make things right.
我们所作出的决定造就了现在的我们，而我们也总能选择让事情朝着正确的方向发展。
——《蜘蛛侠》
S思维拓展
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
在“make＋宾语＋宾补”这一复合结构中，宾补可以由名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。
①“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。
He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested in his classes.
他在学生中很受欢迎，因为他总是试图使他们对他的课感兴趣。
②“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使/让……成为……；推选……为……”。
We made him our team leader last week.
上周我们推选他当我们的队长。
③“make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
My parents often make me do some extra homework.
我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。
在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带to；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上to。
I was made to finish the work before nine.
别人让我9点前完成工作。
④“make＋宾语＋现在分词”意为“使/让某人一直处于某种状态”，宾补表示动作正在发生或进行。宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
You shouldn't make him standing there all the time.
你不应该让他一直站在那儿。
⑤“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让别人做某事”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
I speak slowly to make myself understood.
我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2023·全国乙卷)TV chefs have made them much more ___________ (confidence) about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills.
②I'm sorry to make you __________(wait) for me so long.
③Children should be made _____________(understand) the importance of saving water.
完成句子
④To our surprise, the film _______________________(让他成为一个超级巨星)．
confident
waiting
to understand
made him a superstar
5.As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
J句式分析
本句中there stood Gladys Claffern是倒装句式，并且是全部倒装。句子的主语是Gladys Claffern，谓语是stood，there作地点状语。正常语序应是“Gladys Claffern stood there”。
There stands an old pine tree in front of our classroom.
我们教室前有一棵老松树。
The door opened and in came Mr．Smith.
门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。
(2022· 1 月浙江卷)There is still a long way to go.
还有很长的路要走。
S思维拓展
完全倒装把谓语动词放在主语前面，常用于以下几种情况：
①表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词，以及stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)。
②表示方向的副词away，down，in，off，out，over，round，up等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。
注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。
③表示时间或顺序的副词now，then等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。
④将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。
注：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①All of a sudden the door opened and in _______ (come) a troop of children in all sorts of fancy dress.
②There _______ (lie)a large field of rice in front of our village.
③In the southwest of China there ______(lie) many forests where live a great variety of plants and animals.
came
lies
lie
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.As an amateur novelist, she had long assumed that __________(小说) must come from experience, not from the study of other books.
2.I wouldn't climb to the top of that _________(梯子) in the lawn, even if you paid me.
3.Basically, the festival boxes were holiday __________(红利) for the civilians in need.
4.Do you know anyone that corresponds to the _____________(荒唐的) standards they establish
fiction
ladder
bonuses
ridiculous
5.He is so kind and sympathetic that I have always regarded him as a man of ____________(正直)．
6.By doing this, you can maintain your __________(尊严) and worth as well as prepare for success in your complicated work.
7.In spite of her good _________(薪水), she dominates every dollar needed for household expenses carefully.
8.The policeman was accused of his abuse of power and he was ____________(暂停) while the case was investigated.
9.It is _________(荒唐的) to go out in such terrible weather.
10.The secretary reminded her boss of the ______________(约会), but he didn't make any response.
integrity
dignity
salary
suspended
absurd
appointment
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.He made his statement on Sunday but it was more like a ____________ (declare) of war.
2.We await your urgent reply so that we can make an ______________ (appoint) with you and pick you up at your earliest convenience.
3.It is absurd ________(go) fishing in such terrible weather.
4.She was found _________(guilt) of stealing from her employers, which made her parents very sorrowful.
5.You can often watch a scene in a film where the little mice are used to test ______drugs.
declaration
appointment
to go
guilty
out
6.His brother's example inspired him to try ______ for the football team.
7.When it comes to how to speak fluent Chinese，I suggest that you _________________(learn)a bunch of pronunciation rules first.
8.As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself __________ (smart) and her home more elegant.
9.The driver ___________(declare) guilt may be fined a maximum of $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison.
10.But for the most part, I'm becoming more _______ my Chinese friends.
out
(should) learn
smarter
declared
like
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．He seems ______________________________ a business executive.
他似乎比较像一个军官，而不像一个商业行政主管。(more like...than...)
2．____________________________________ my mother every day.
你每天都去看我母亲，想得真周到。(it作形式主语)
3．Internet _____________________________________.
互联网使我们的生活变得简单和方便。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
more like a military officer than
It was considerate of you to visit
makes our life easy and convenient
4．_____________________________ in black in the distance.
远处似乎有一个穿黑衣的人。(全倒装)
5．________________________________, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。(as引导时间状语从句)
There appeared to be a man
As my mother sang those old songs
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Recently Larry's company had begun experimenting with a household robot．Larry would be away ______ a business trip for three weeks and his wife would be at home alone．Larry wanted the robot to accompany his wife, Claire, and ________________(test) out by her．So Larry persuaded her to do so．At first sight, Claire felt ___________(alarm) that Tony, the robot, looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair, __________(speak) in a deep voice．When Tony asked her whether she needed help ____________ (dress), Claire felt embarrassed．_____________(gradual), Tony began to
1.on
2.to be tested
3.alarmed
4.speaking
5.dressing
6.Gradually
win Claire's trust．He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant, giving her a new hairstyle, changing her makeup and __________ (give) her advice on her dresses.Tony suggested that Claire _______________ (invite) some guests to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return．Then they prepared for it．At last, the night of the party arrived．Just before the guests arrived, Tony took Claire in his ________ (arm), declaring that he didn't want to leave her and _________ he felt more than just the desire to please her.
7.giving
8.(should) invite
9.arms
10.thatUNIT 1 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Sheep are kept (keep)by farmers to produce wool and mutton.
2.They were told that the result would be announced (announce) the next week.
3.The first railway in the world was designed (design) in the last century.
4.Five units of this textbook had been studied (study) by the end of last term.
5.Cleaners in big cities usually get paid (pay) by the hour.
6.Books of this kind sell (sell) well.
7.Look! A nice picture is being drawn (draw) by our teacher.
8.—What do you think of the book
—Oh, excellent.It's worth reading (read) a second time.
9.The flowers were so lovely that they were sold (sell) out in no time.
10.A new cinema is being built (build)here.They hope to finish it next month.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.You need to do the homework with care.(改为被动语态)
The homework needs to be done with care.
2.In the late 1970s students revived the tradition of carnival.(改为被动语态)
The tradition of carnival was revived by students in the late 1970s.
3.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.(改为主动语态)
You must pay attention to your pronunciation.
4.Today millions of people enjoy carnival.(改为被动语态)
Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today.
5.He said that the trees would be planted by them soon.(改为主动语态)
He said that they would plant the trees soon.
6.He said that the work had been finished.(改为主动语态)
He said that he had finished the work.
7.They were making the new tool at that time.(改为被动语态)
The new tool was being made by them at that time.
8.They ought to take good care of the children in the nursery.(改为被动语态)
The children ought to be taken good care of in the nursery.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·河北省廊坊市第一中学高二月考)
“Siri, what's the weather like in San Francisco？”
“Today's forecast for San Antonio is...”
“No.San FRAN-CIS-CO！！ ”
“The tapper Sisqo was born in Baltimore, Maryland.”
Sometimes, talking to an artificially intelligent robot is，well, not so intelligent.
Yohav Shoham, the Stanford computer science professor, said, “AI has made truly amazing progress in the past decade, but computers still can't exhibit the common sense (常识)or the general intelligence of even a 5-year-old.” Yann LeCun, a French scientist, put it more simply.“We're very far from having machines that can learn the most basic things about the world in the way humans and animals can do.In particular areas machines have superhuman performance, but in terms of general intelligence they're not even close to a rat，” he explained.
Oren Etzioni, an Israeli scientist, said, “There's a brand(品牌) of science fiction(小说) that's very dystopian (反面乌托邦的)．These works of fiction talk about how the world is going to get much worse.I'm too much of an optimist (乐观者) to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”
However, robots are becoming smarter.Indeed, our homes are becoming more intelligent when we place devices(设备) like the Amazon Echo and Google Home on our kitchen counter.But, at least for the moment anyway, we shouldn't feel intimidated by this artificial intelligence.
There are robots that move like animals and robots that offer guidance.There's even a robot that can paint a picture of Einstein and a robot that can fold your laundry.Robots are not taking over the world yet.So for now, we can simply sit back and relax.And have a robot waiter pour us a drink.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是科学与技术。科学家表明目前机器人并没有人们所想象的那样聪明，它们的一般智力和常识还不及5岁的孩子。
1.What does the dialogue at the beginning of the text tell us A
A．Robots aren't as smart as we expect.
B．It isn't easy to forecast the weather correctly.
C．A speaker may be misunderstood by another.
D．Weather is a good subject to start a conversation.
解析：推理判断题。根据“Sometimes，talking to an artificially intelligent robot is, well, not so intelligent.”可推知，Siri是一个机器人的名字，而这场人机对话可谓是答非所问，由此可知，这场对话反映出目前机器人并不像人们想象的那样聪明。故选A。
2.What do the scientists think about the artificially intelligent robots now？ D
A．They have superhuman performance in kitchen tasks.
B．They have the common sense of a 5-year-old.
C．They can only learn the basic things of humans.
D．They are still poor at general intelligence.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Yohav Shoham和Yann LeCun的观点“ ...computers still can't exhibit the common sense(常识) or the general intelligence of even a 5-year-old.”，“...but in terms of general intelligence they're not even close to a rat...”可知，科学家认为机器人的一般智力还很差。故选D。
3.How did Oren find the dystopian science fiction A
A．Pleasant. B．Typical.
C．Realistic. D．Controversial.
解析：推理判断题。根据Oren说的话“I'm too much of an optimist(乐观者) to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”可知，他从这些科幻小说中获得了很多乐趣。故选A。
4.What does the underlined word “intimidated” mean C
A．Comforted. B．Astonished.
C．Threatened D．Disappointed.
解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句与前文内容“Indeed, our homes are becoming more intelligent”构成转折，根据动宾搭配shouldn't feel宾语应该说机器人不好的一面，故threaten(威胁)符合语境。虽然Oren说到一些科幻小说描述了未来世界将会变得很糟，但是目前机器人并没有那么智能，不会威胁到我们的生活。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 1.B .They could not afford to pay for 2.D for their dog, Tiffy, and 3.A wanted to take her with them.
It just 4.C that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 5.B to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 6.D Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very 7.B .George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 8.A for him, having to leave his dog to a 9.C and trust that everything would 10.B .
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 11.D Tiffy into the plane.I promised to take care of Tiffy and 12.A them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 13.D , and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day, she 14.C with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 15.A and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。
1.A．turn B．budget
C．schedule D．connection
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。根据下文“They could not afford to pay for 2 for their dog, Tiffy”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。A．turn转折点；B.budget预算；C.schedule时间表；D.connection联系。故选B。
2.A．food B．shelter
C．medicine D．transportation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。根据上文“They had to move to Virginia...”及下文可知，付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。A．food食物；B.shelter庇护；C.medicine药；D.transportation交通。故选D。
3.A．desperately B．temporarily
C．secretly D．originally
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。设空处修饰“wanted to take her with them”，故“这家人非常想把狗一起带走”符合语境。A．desperately非常，拼命地；B.temporarily暂时地；C.secretly秘密地；D.originally起初。故选A。
4.A．appeared B．proved
C．happened D．showed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。根据下文“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, 5 take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”可知，“碰巧的”符合语境。A．appear出现；B.prove证明；C.happen碰巧；D.show展示。故选C。
5.A．waited B．offered
C．hurried D．failed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据下文“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙。A．wait等待；B.offer提供，主动提出；C.hurry匆忙；D.fail失败。故选B。
6.A．see off B．look for
C．hand over D．pick up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。根据上文“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A．see off为……送行；B.look for寻找；C.hand over移交；D.pick up接。故选D。
7.A．confused B．nervous
C．annoyed D．curious
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。根据下文“George, the husband, was trying to be calm...”可知，这家人有点紧张和不安。A．confused困惑的；B.nervous紧张的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.curious好奇的。故选B。
8.A．hard B．fine
C．common D．lucky
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a 9 and trust that everything would 10 ”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。A．hard困难的；B.fine好的；C.common常见的；D.lucky幸运的。故选A。
9.A．coworker B．passenger
C．stranger D．neighbor
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。根据文章第一句“I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka”可知我和这家人不认识。A．coworker合作者；B.passenger乘客；C.stranger陌生人；D.neighbor邻居。故选C。
10.A．speed up B．work out
C．come back D．take off
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。根据上文“trust that everything would...”主谓搭配和语境可知，work out(解决)符合语义。A．speed up加速；C.come back回来；D.take off起飞。故选B。
11.A．feed B．follow
C．change D．load
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。根据设空处的宾语“Tiffy into the plane”可知，是把Tiffy装入飞机。A．feed喂养；B.follow跟随；C.change改变；D.load装载。load into装入。故选D。
12.A．call B．join
C．leave D．serve
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。根据下文“as soon as we got to Kansas City”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A．call打电话；B.join加入；C.leave离开；D.serve服务。故选A。
13.A．unnecessary B．unexpected
C．unavoidable D．uneventful
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。根据下文“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。A．unnecessary没有必要的；B.unexpected意想不到的；C.unavoidable不可避免的；D.uneventful太平无事的。故选D。
14.A．returned B．fought
C．flew D．agreed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 根据上文“It just 4 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 5 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。A．return返回；B.fight打仗；C.fly飞；D.agree同意。故选C。
15.A．thankful B．generous
C．proud D．sympathetic
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可推知，对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。A．thankful感激的；B.generous慷慨的；C.proud骄傲的；D.sympathetic同情的。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·浙江省浙南名校联盟高二月考)
The words “moon resort” (月球度假村) may evoke images of some kind of luxury accommodations requiring rocket ship travel that won't 1.be built (build) until decades or centuries from now.However, a new proposal from Canada-based company Moon World Resorts Inc.imagines this idea a little closer to home—you'd only have to travel to Dubai, and you certainly wouldn't need to wait decades to visit.
2.Named (name) “MOON”， the project envisions a 735-foot-tall mixed-use building 3.in the shape of the moon.Inside, guests will find a full-service destination resort in addition to 4.approximately (approximate) 300 private residences available for purchase.In essence, the structure 5.is made (make) up of two distinct sections: a spherical base volume built from three “stacked” disks and the lunar orb.In the base, guests will find 6.facilities (facility) like the spa, convention center, and the hotel lobby.However, the main attraction isn't a hotel room or dance floor, 7.but a lunar surface simulation(模拟) that lets guests experience the sensation of space exploration firsthand.
“MOON will form the bridge, delivering 8.an affordable and entirely authentic space tourism experience 9.that/which millions of enthusiasts around planet Earth have been waiting for，” Michael R．Henderson, MOON cofounder, tells AD.Like a moon resort in outer space, 10.bringing (bring) the project to life will require billions of dollars, but the company is assured that a destination like this is a worthy project.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项名为“MOON”的项目，此项目设想建造一座735英尺高的月亮形状的多功能建筑。
解析：
1．考查谓语动词。句意：“月球度假胜地”这个词可能会让人联想到某种需要火箭飞船旅行的豪华住宿，要到几十年或几百年后才会建成。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，that指代先行词rocket ship travel在定语从句中作主语，从句的主语和谓语之间是被动关系，空前为won't。故填be built。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个名为“MOON”的项目设想建造一座735英尺高的月亮形状的多功能建筑。设空处在句中作非谓语，和逻辑主语the project之间是被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式作状语，位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Named。
3．考查介词。句意同上。in the shape of以……的形状。故填in。
4．考查副词。句意：在内部，客人将发现一个全方位服务的目的地度假村，除了约300个私人住宅可供购买。设空处应用副词的形式在句中作状语，表示大概的数量。故填approximately。
5．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：从本质上说，该结构由两个不同的部分组成：一个球形基体，由三个“堆叠”的圆盘和月球组成。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语the structure之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为the structure单数名词。故填is made。
6．考查名词复数。句意：在基地里，客人会发现比如水疗中心、会议中心和酒店大堂等设施。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式；根据空后的“like the spa, convention center, and the hotel lobby (比如水疗中心、会议中心和酒店大堂)”可知，设空处应用名词的复数的形式。故填facilities。
7．考查连词。句意：然而，最吸引人的不是酒店房间或舞池，而是月球表面模拟，让客人亲身体验太空探索的感觉。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
8．考查冠词。句意：MOON将成为一座桥梁，提供负担得起的、完全真实的太空旅游体验，这是地球上数百万爱好者一直在等待的。设空处后为名词单数experience，表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，空后的形容词为元音音素开头，设空处应用冠词an。故填an。
9．考查定语从句。句意同上。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作宾语，先行词为experience。故填that/which。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：就像外太空的月球度假胜地一样，要让这个项目投入使用需要数十亿美元，但该公司确信，这样的目的地是一个值得的项目。设空处为非谓语形式在句中作主语，应用动名词的形式表示抽象的、概念性的动作。故填bringing。(共34张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
单元语法精析
被动语态
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
一、各种时态的被动结构
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall /will be done 无 shall/will have been done
过去 将来 should/would be done 无 should/would have been done
(2023·全国甲卷)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个多世纪以来从未出现过的地方，人类越来越多地看到了它们。
Everyone's pay will be increased next year by 5%.
明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下月底前这项工作将会完成。
The house is quite old.It was built in 1950.
这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ____________ _________(follow)．
②They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________________ ___________(install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
③Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
was being
followed
will have been
installed
was given
二、被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国南方种植水稻。
2．强调动作的承受者。
The tree was broken by that boy.
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
三、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
(1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变；
(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
He told us a story.
他给我们讲故事。
→We were told a story by him.
我们听(他讲)故事。
→A story was told to us by him.
故事由他给我们讲。
2．动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。
She will take good care of the children.
她将会好好照顾孩子们。
→The children will be taken good care of by her.
孩子们将由她来好好照顾。
3．复合宾语通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须补上。
Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在湖里游泳。
→He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday.
昨天他被看见在湖里游泳。
4．特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用“By＋疑问词”开头。
Who has broken the cup
谁打碎了杯子？
→By whom has the cup been broken
杯子被谁打碎了？
J即学即练
完成句子
①My English name is Walter．It _______________________________ when I was at the university.
我的英文名是Walter，它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。
was given by my English professor
②(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that ______ __________________ through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。
③ ____________________ by the moving movie.
我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
has
been passed down
I was made to cry
四、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1．意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
The window is broken.
窗子破了。
The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
2．用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用 much，very much，so much, too much修饰。
He was very interested in science.
他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①I was pleased __________(hear) you've been promoted.
②He was pleased _____ his teacher's praise.
③I was quite surprised _______ the significance of the findings.
④Everyone was surprised _____ the speed with which the dispute was settled.
to hear
by
with
by
五、常见主动表被动的情况
1．有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。
This pen writes smoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
This car sells well.
这车很畅销。
2．在某些形容词(hard，difficult，easy, heavy，fit, good，comfortable，convenient，impossible, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。
(2023·全国乙卷)What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
更重要的是，室内植物很容易照顾，也不是很贵。
The box is heavy to carry.
这箱子重得搬不动。
3．“半系动词＋形容词”结构，look，smell, taste, sound, feel，prove，turn out等。
The food in this restaurant tastes good.
这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。
The news turned out (to be) true.
这消息原来是真的。
4．need, want, require, deserve，be worth 后面接动词的-ing形式，主动表被动。
The novel is worth reading.
这本小说值得一读。
The old house requires repairing.
这所旧房子需要修理。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①This kind of knife _______(cut)well.
②Your writing is really difficult __________(read)．
③That _________(sound)great．Deal me in!
④All the old carpets need ___________________________(replace)．
cuts
to read
sounds
replacing/to be replaced
六、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。
如：fit, have，marry, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
J即学即练
完成句子
①A person who is truly honest ____________ a straight arrow.
直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
②You ________________ a lot of strange questions by them.
他们将问你许多奇怪的问题。
③By last December three ships _________________ by them.
到去年十二月他们已建造了三艘船。
④I have some clothes __________.
我有一些衣服要洗。
is called
will be asked
had been built
to wash
⑤Your idea _______________ wrong.
你的想法证实是错的。
⑥The book ________ quickly.
书销售得快。
⑦Will more gas ____________
需要更多的煤气吗？
⑧The music isn't pleasant _______________.
这音乐不好听。
proved to be
sells
be needed
to listen to
语法专题练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.They are going _____________(send)to work in Tibet for two years.
2.—Do you have any problems if you ______________(offer)this job
—Well，I'm thinking about the salary.
3.Though we don't know what was being discussed，yet we can feel the topic ___________________(change)．
4.Much progress ________________(make)in China with the help of the people's hard work.
to be sent
are offered
has been changed
is being made
5.Nowadays, more new technologies ____________________(apply)in the field of IT.
6.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I ________________(inform)that I won the first prize in the writing contest.
7.You are not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan _____________________(discuss)there.
are being applied
was informed
is being discussed
8.The surface of this table feels so smooth．I think it is well worth _________(buy)．
9.The manager was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets __________________(book)．
10.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _________________ (decide)．
buying
had been booked
has been decided
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.(2022·全国甲卷改编)In a recent experiment, the researchers presented cockatoos with a nut inside.(改为被动语态)
In a recent experiment, cockatoos _____________________ a nut inside it _____ the researchers.
2.(2022·全国乙卷改编)Workers are already using drones to examine high-tension electrical lines.(改为被动语态)
Drones ________________________ to examine high-tension electrical lines by workers.
were presented with
by
are already being used
3.This makes me feel thirsty.(改为被动语态)
I _____________ feel thirsty by this.
4.Did you buy this bike from the shop？(改为被动语态)
______________________________ from the shop
5.(2022·全国新高考I卷改编)If your essay is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.(改为主动语态)
If you __________________________ by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
am made to
Was this bike bought by you
don't turn in your essay
6.We should speak to old men politely.(改为被动语态)
Old men should _______________ politely.
7.My watch needs repairing.(改为同义句)
My watch needs _________________.
8.A local advertising company has offered Maria a good job.(改为被动语态)
A good job ______________________ Maria by a local advertising company.
be spoken to
to be repaired
has been offered to
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
请用被动语态介绍你喜欢的一部科幻小说。
1．《弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)是玛丽·雪莱(Marry Shelley)写的一篇科幻小说；
2．这本小说被认为是英国文学史上最早的科幻小说之一；
3．这本小说出版后，受到广泛关注；
4．小说的故事基于科学、想象和自身经历；
5．这本小说已被翻译成多种语言。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Frankenstein is a science fiction which was written by Marry Shelley．It is regarded as one of the earliest science fictions in English literature.After the novel was published，it drew wide attention．The story of the novel is based on science, imagination and personal experiences．The novel has been translated into many languages.UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I presume (假定) that you know what we're talking about.
2.A round trip ticket saves you about 5 percent of the fare (车费)．
3.As the chairwoman (女主席)of the Students' Union, I arrange the meetings of the school's International Student Association on a regular basis.
4.The company wants to keep down labour (劳动力) costs.
5.The cake recipe calls for three eggs and two cups of flour (面粉)．
6.I would travel up and down the East Coast from city to city like a traveling salesman (推销员)．
7.It was an old-fashioned lift, operated by a lever (控制杆) on an iron box.
8.On the right hand side of the instrument panel (仪表盘)，there is a display that indicates boost pressure, water temperature and fuel level.
9.The athlete was within an inch (英寸) of breaking the record.
10.Shanghai grows at a very fast pace (步伐) and the business environment in the city is becoming even better.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It is urged that the government (should) take (take)immediate action to prevent such things happening again.
2.I've personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other.
3.The river forms the division (divide) between the old and new parts of the city.
4.I don't have a good knowledge of wines, so I just bought a white one at random.
5.It is widely acknowledged that the overstatement (overstate) of freedom will cause the high crime rate.
6.Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
7.Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have conflicts with friends.
8.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help (help), inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children.
9.It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but the natural phenomenon.
10.With the Internet use exploding (explode) in the world, lots of companies are hunting harder for deals.
Ⅲ.选词填空
by the way，beside the point，take over，be adapted into，remind...of，on the other hand，pros and cons，superior to
1.Was it in 1948 that the government took over the railways in Great Britain
2.They sat for hours debating the pros and cons of setting up their own firm.
3.It cannot be questioned that the new method is superior to the old one.
4.The novel was adapted into a TV series and became a national hot topic for quite some time.
5. By the way ，how long have you been a cameraman
6.To build another skyscraper in the city is beside the point .
7.She simply welcomed him and reminded him of the last time they had met.
8.On the one hand，we should develop our economy; on the other hand ，we should protect the environment.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·广东省东莞市高二期末)
Since the 1920s, the sci-fi(科幻小说) writers have promised us that a self-driving car can go fast and take us to work while we read the news.But this vision has proved to be more challenging to perform in practice than in theory.
The so-called advanced driver assistance system has been equipped in some electric cars.But it is not what would be considered self-driving.The present automatic pilot tool can help you stay in your lane on the highway.However, according to a driving standards organization, it's just graded to be Level 2 on the five-stage system of automation.Level 5 would be a full self-driving experience with hands off the steering wheel(方向盘)．We aren't there yet.
But that's in the United States.Look farther and the future is closer.“If you look at China, the big cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen are testing self-driving cars in passengers transportation，” says George Simpson, director of the Center for Automotive Research in Duisburg, Germany.The self-driving taxis, which are run by Chinese auto and tech giants, are part of a countrywide plan to increase the sales of Level 4 vehicles to about 20 percent by 2030.They allow drivers to switch off mentally while still requiring them to keep their hands on or near the wheel.
What works in China might not work elsewhere, because of differing attitudes towards how data should be used, admits Simpson.Chinese citizens might accept that the journeys of their vehicles are tracked and analyzed to improve traffic flows.But Americans are concerned about their privacy, so they are unwilling to agree with that tracking.
Privacy concerns may delay the promise in the sci-fi that frees you from driving on your way home or to work.Self driving cars must constantly generate data from their sensors and software to make driving decisions, or they would crash.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人驾驶汽车的发展阶段以及中美在无人驾驶汽车发展方面的差异。
1.What can we infer about advanced driver assistance system C
A．It allows drivers' hands off the wheel.
B．It is considered to be full self-driving.
C．It has been available in some electric cars.
D．It is graded Level 5 on the automation system.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话“The so-called advanced driver assistance system has been equipped in some electric cars.(在一些电动汽车中配备了所谓的高级驾驶员辅助系统。)”可推知，先进的自动驾驶系统已经安装在了一些电动车中。故选C。
2.What is the present situation of self-driving in China A
A．It is going through test in some big cities.
B．Passengers transportation relies on self-driving.
C．It is less developed than that in the United States.
D．The sales of self-driving cars have increased to 20%.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“‘If you look at China, the big cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen are testing self-driving cars in passengers transportation，’ says George Simpson, director of the Center for Automotive Research in Duisburg, Germany.(德国杜伊斯堡汽车研究中心主任乔治·辛普森表示：‘如果你看看中国，像上海和深圳这样的大城市正在测试自动驾驶汽车在客运中的应用。’)”可知，中国现在正在大城市的客运中测试自动驾驶汽车。故选A。
3.What does the author want to show by comparing Chinese with Americans B
A．The importance of data.
B．Different attitudes on data use.
C．The good attitudes of Americans.
D．The privacy concerns of Chinese.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“What works in China might not work elsewhere，because of differing attitudes towards how data should be used, admits Simpson.(辛普森承认，由于对如何使用数据的态度不同，在中国有效的方法在其他地方可能行不通。)”可知，作者想通过比较中国人和美国人来展示中国和美国对待数据使用的态度是不同的。故选B。
4.In what column of a newspaper may this passage be found D
A．Health. B．Advertisement.
C．Education. D．Technology.
解析：推理判断题。文章主要讲述了无人驾驶汽车的发展阶段以及中美在无人驾驶汽车发展方面的差异。由此可推知，我们可能在报纸关于科技的版面找到这篇文章。故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·吉林省长春市第二中学高二期末)
So rapidly does the technology develop that no one can predict what may happen tomorrow.The number of 5G users in China has reached 20 percent, which leaves the people in the world 1.amazed (amaze)．In China, operators are quick 2.to provide (provide) continuous nationwide coverage, ensuring users a consistent experience.They also offer flexible service packages, 3.which delivers a beneficial result for both users and themselves.
High-quality 5G networks 4.have driven (drive) rapid growth of mobile data traffic so far, according to Ding Yun, Huawei's executive director and president of its carrier business group.As is estimated, the average data traffic per 5.user (use) per month will reach 600 GB by 2030.The energy consumption of wireless networks will 6.certainly (certain) increase a lot, if energy efficiency of existing networks remains unchanged.However, 7.what has been confirmed is that Huawei has offered a comprehensive range products and measures that address the power consumption issues of wireless networks.
Huawei has already employed low-carbon strategies in more than 100 countries, including Saudi Arabia, Greece, Pakistan and Switzerland, 8.helping (help) operators reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 40 million tons.As 9.an important player in the communications industry, Huawei will continue to put green development at the center of everything it does and develop innovative ways to build 10.greener (green) 5G networks worldwide than before.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作为通信行业的重要参与者，华为将继续把绿色发展作为一切工作的中心，并开发创新方式，在全球范围内建设比以往更绿色的5G网络。
解析：
1．考查形容词。句意：中国的5G用户数量已经达到20%，这让全世界的人都感到惊讶。分析句子可知，设空处应用形容词作people的宾补，说明人的感受，用ed结尾的形容词。故填amazed。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，运营商迅速在全国范围内提供持续覆盖，确保用户获得一致的体验。be quick to do sth.“立刻做某事”。故填to provide。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他们还提供灵活的服务包，这对用户和他们自己都有好处。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：华为运营商业务集团执行董事兼总裁丁云表示，迄今为止，高质量的5G网络驱动了移动数据流量的快速增长。根据句中的时间状语so far可知，设空处应用现在完成时，主语是high-quality 5G networks，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have driven。
5．考查名词。句意：如同所估计，到2030年，每个用户每月的平均数据流量将达到600 GB。形容词per修饰名词单数。故填user。
6．考查副词。句意：如果现有网络的能源效率保持不变，无线网络的能源消耗肯定会增加很多。分析句子可知，设空处作状语，应用副词修饰动词increase。故填certainly。
7．考查主语从句。句意：然而，已经确认的是，华为已经提供了一系列全面的产品和措施，以解决无线网络的功耗问题。分析句子可知，此处为主语从句，在从句中作主语，指物，表示“……的(东西等)”应用what来引导。故填what。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：华为已经在沙特阿拉伯、希腊、巴基斯坦和瑞士等100多个国家实施了低碳战略，帮助运营商减少了4 000万吨二氧化碳排放。分析句子可知，设空处作状语，与逻辑主语Huawei是主动关系。故填helping。
9．考查冠词。句意：作为通信行业的重要参与者，华为将继续把绿色发展作为一切工作的中心，并开发创新方式，在全球范围内建设比以往更绿色的5G网络。根据空后的important player可知，此处表示泛指，且important以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据空后的than before可知，设空处应用形容词比较级。故填greener。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply: “Because I love your stories.If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming.My story would come straight from the horse's mouth.Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But, like Revere's horse, I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great.Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again.When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation._______________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days.I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher.“I knew you'd win! I am proud of you.You made it！” he said excitedly.Then came the big day.When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher.I said, “It's you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article.Again thank you very much！”
Paragraph 2：
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me.Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn't like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously.Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer.I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.(共87张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课前自主预习
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1．__________ adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
2．________ n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
3．_______ n．英寸
4．_______ vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
5．________ n．侄女；外甥女→(反义词) _________ n．侄子，外甥
6．________ vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
blurred
panel
inch
grip
niece
fetch
nephew
7．_______________ n．手帕；纸巾
8．_______ n．灯；台灯
9．_______ n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
10．_______ n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
11．______ n．泥；泥浆
handkerchief
lamp
pace
urge
mud
B)词形转换
1．___________ adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→ ______________ n．优越(性)，优等；傲慢
2．_______ n.劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作→ _________ n．(尤指户外的)体力劳动者，劳工，工人
3．__________ n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套→ ___________adj.皮的，皮革制的，似皮革的→ ___________ adj.似皮革的，坚韧的
4．____________ adv.向后；倒着；往回→(反义词) ___________ adv.向前方，继续向前
superior
superiority
labour
labourer
leather
leathern
leathery
backwards
forwards
5．___________ n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→ _________vt.& vi.分开；分隔；除以；分配→ _____________ adj.分割的，分开的；分区的，分部的
6．_________ adj.随机的；不可思议的→ ___________ adv.随便地，未加计划地→ _____________ n．随意，无安排；随机性
7．_________ adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度→ _________ adj.最低的；最小的；最少的 n．最低限度；最小量；最低消费
8．__________ vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→ ____________ n．爆炸，炸裂；爆发；扩张，激增；(感情，尤指愤怒的)突然爆发→ ____________ adj.爆炸的；易爆炸的；突增的；暴躁的
division
divide
divisional
random
randomly
randomness
maximum
minimum
explode
explosion
explosive
Ⅱ.高频短语
1．________________事物的利与弊；支持与反对
2．____________ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
3．________________ 与……冲突或抵触
4．turn out ___________________________________
5．fall away ______________________
6．have an urge to do sth． ______________________
pros and cons
take over
conflict with
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
(逐渐)减少；消失
有强烈的欲望做某事
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．________ at ten o'clock today _______ the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。
2．Night came ________ a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。
3．I ______________________________, then disappear like a dream.
我看到巨大的建筑拔地而起，然后像梦一样消失了。
It was
that
as if
saw huge buildings rise up
4．The whole surface of the earth was being changed, ____________ __________ before my eyes.
整个地球表面正在发生变化，在我眼前融化流动。
5．_____________ I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。
melting and
flowing
So long as
Ⅳ.语篇解读
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F)．
1．The author checked the machine before he started it.( )
2．The author's niece came in to see how he worked.( )
3．It seemed to the author his niece travelled very fast.( )
4．The author found the surface of the earth changed.( )
T
F
T
T
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us ____
A．The fast growth of trees.
B．The disappearance of buildings.
C．The speed of his travel through time.
D．His experience of travelling through time.
D
2．Where did the machine land ____
A．In the mud. B．On the road.
C．In the air． D．In the laboratory.
3．How did the author feel when he landed ____
A．Surprised． B．Satisfied.
C．Frightened． D．Thrilled.
A
A
课内要点探究
1.superior adj.更好的，占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，长官；优胜者
重点单词
D典型例句
A few years ago it was impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops.
几年前在当地的商店里不可能买到上好的咖啡。
Your cellphone is superior to mine in quality.
在质量上，你的手机比我的手机高级多了。
He always does what his superiors tell him.
他唯上级之命是从。
S思维拓展
superior to sb．/sth.比……(在品质上)更好；更胜一筹
superior to sb.比某人(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高
superior in...在……方面优越
superior quality优质，上等品；高级货品
superior court 高等法院；上级法院
be inferior to...低于；不如……；在……之下
be senior to...比……年长(资历深)
be junior to...比……年轻(资历浅)
M名师点津
superior的易错点
superior用作形容词时，本身含有“较”的意思，故不再有比较级或最高级形式，用“superior to”表示“两事物的比较”。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①At the meeting, experts stated this method was superior _____ others.
②He was valued by both his peer and his ____________(superior)．
补全句子
③This model is technically ______________(优于) its competitors.
④There are some people _______________(级别比我低)．
to
superiors
superior to
junior to me
2.fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
D典型例句
He sent his driver to fetch him a strawberry shake．
他让司机去给他买一杯草莓奶昔。
I had to fetch water from the well．
我得从井里打水。
Y易混辨析
take, bring与fetch
易混词 含义 用法区别
take 带去， 拿去 指从说话人所在或所说之处把某人或某物带走，侧重方向而非方式，与bring的方向正相反
bring 带来， 拿来 指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在或所说之处
fetch (去)拿来 指去取了某物或带上某人再返回原处，即一往一返，相当于go and bring，但有时也可说go and fetch，意思和fetch并无不同
Q巧学助记
J即学即练
完成句子
①He was carrying a bucket _________________.
他拎着桶去打水。
②I'm expected _____________________ for everyone in the office.
办公室里每个人都指望我听他们差遣。
选词填空(take/bring/fetch)
③The soldiers came back and __________ seven prisoners.
④ _______ your raincoat with you when you go to work.
⑤The puppy __________ the stick that we had tossed．
to fetch water
to fetch and carry
brought
Take
fetched
3.pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏；踱步；缓慢而行
D典型例句
Instead of moving at his usual stately pace, he was almost running．
他没像平时那样优雅从容地走着，而是几乎跑了起来。
With four laps to go, he kept pace with the leaders．
还剩4圈的时候，他与那些领先者并驾齐驱。
As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously.
在他们等待的时候，克拉维斯在屋里不安地踱来踱去。
It was a tough race and I had to pace myself.
这是场艰苦的比赛，我不得不控制好自己的节奏。
S思维拓展
keep pace with...(与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱
set the pace确定速度；确立标准；领先
at a/an..．pace以……的速度
at a pace of以……的速度
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①She was going too fast so I decided to keep riding _____ my own pace.
②He found John _________(pace)around the flat, unable to sleep.
③A group of the world's best skiers will be going through their _______ (pace)．
at
pacing
paces
完成句子
④ _____________________ in the room, he talked endlessly about the goings-on in the city.
他在房里踱来踱去，滔滔不绝地讲着城里发生的异常情况。
⑤She found it hard to _________________ him as he strode off.
他大步走开了，她感到很难跟上他。
Pacing up and down
keep pace with
4.division n．分开；分隔；分配；除(法)；差异
D典型例句
Unequal distribution of wealth may cause division in society.
财富分配不均或许会引起社会分裂。
I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.
女儿6岁时我就教她如何做除法了。
There are deep divisions in the party over the war.
党内对于这场战争存在着严重的分歧。
S思维拓展
divide vt.分开；分配；分隔；除，除以
divide...into...把……分成……
divide sth．between/among...在……之间分配/分享某物
divide A by B A除以B
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①There was a ___________(divide) of opinion on the matter.
②Thirty __________(divide) by two is fifteen.
③He divided his time __________ reading and writing.
④(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)To do so, I divided the book _______ two parts．
division
divided
between
into
5.urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
D典型例句
He had an urge to open a shop of his own．
他很想自己开一家店。
Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth．
一回到自己的公寓，她就有一种想要刷牙的冲动。
What can we do to urge these lazy workers to greater production
我们怎样才能鼓励这些懒惰的工人去努力增产呢？
S思维拓展
(1)urge sb．to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth．渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
urgency n．紧急；催促
Q巧学助记
He urged the hen to lay eggs.
他敦促母鸡下蛋。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①Our teacher urges us ___________(study) hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
②I have _____ urge to help people out when they're in trouble.
③I make an _________(urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
④There happens to be a particular __________(urgent) in this case, and it would help if you could bend the rules.
to study
an
urgent
urgency
6.explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破；爆裂
D典型例句
In April 1945, I heard something explode at midnight.
1945年的4月，我半夜突然听到爆炸声。
Suddenly Charles exploded with anger.
突然查尔斯勃然大怒。
India's population has exploded in the last few years.
在最近几年里，印度的人口急剧增加。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
要吃汤包，你必须决定是先咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个汤包放进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
S思维拓展
explode into/with sth.勃然大怒；大发雷霆；突然发生(危险)
explosion n．爆炸
explosive adj.爆炸的；易爆炸的
Q巧学助记
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①The speaker's mistake was so funny that the audience ___________ (explode) with laughter.
②How can we explain the recent population ____________(explode)
③His temper is ____________，and he always ___________ with anger at small bad things.(explode)
exploded
explosion
explosive
explodes
1.take over 接替；接任；接管；接手
重点短语
D典型例句
She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job．
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。
Richard will take over as the president of the company.
理查德将接任公司总裁职位。
(2022·全国乙卷)Just see how cars have taken over our cities.
看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。
S思维拓展
take away拿走；带走，抓走
take back带回，收回
take down拆除；往下拽
take off脱下；起飞；成功
take out把……取出来
take on呈现；承担
take place发生
take in吸收；收留；领会
take up开始从事；占用
take apart拆开；拆散
take to喜欢上，喜爱
take one's place取代某人；就位
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①This kind of board will certainly need to take _____ plenty of liquid.
②I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take _____ too much of your time.
③Soldiers took _______ four people，one of whom was later released.
④Don't take _____ more responsibilities than you can handle.
⑤I'm going to take _______ the company one day.
in
up
away
on
over
2.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
D典型例句
These results conflict with earlier findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with my own.
他持有坚定的观点，通常与我的观点相左。
S思维拓展
conflict n．冲突；争执；争论 v．(想法、信仰或陈述)冲突，抵触，相互矛盾
a conflict between A and B A和B之间的冲突
a conflict over sth.某事上的冲突
in conflict with sb.与某人有冲突
conflicting adj.冲突的；相矛盾的
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①There's always a conflict __________ good and evil in his plays.
②There is no conflict _____ fundamental interests among the third world countries.
③The scientists said their findings don't conflict _______ each other.
④Employees already are _____ conflict with management over job cuts.
⑤My husband and he held ______________(conflict) opinions on this matter.
between
of
with
in
conflicting
3.turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
D典型例句
Please turn out the lights when you leave the room.
你离开房间时，请把灯关掉。
The whole village turned out to welcome the hero.
全村人都出来欢迎这位英雄。
He got his first book published.It turned out to be a bestseller.
他的第一本书出版了，结果成了畅销书。
(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out, Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion.
事实证明，道格拉斯做了她成为奥运会冠军所需要做的事情。
S思维拓展
turn up 调大；到场；出现；翻身，翻转；找到
turn on 打开
turn in 上交
turn down 关小；调低；拒绝
turn off关掉
turn around 转身
turn to求助于
J即学即练
用turn的短语填空
①He promised to come but hasn't ____________ yet.
②The experiment _____________ to be a great success.
③Don't forget to ___________ the light when you leave.
④Don't worry．I'm sure your missing glasses will __________ sooner or later.
⑤Students ____________ their homework as usual.
⑥Whenever you are in trouble, you can __________ the police for help.
turned up
turned out
turn off
turn up
turned in
turn to
⑦(2023·1月浙江卷)I ________________ to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air.
⑧She has ______________ several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
⑨They searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but ____________ nothing.
turned around
turned down
turned up
4.fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
D典型例句
His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
随着他的名望下降，他的支持者渐渐离他而去。
All our doubts fell away.
我们的一切疑虑都烟消云散。
S思维拓展
fall apart散开，破碎；崩溃，破裂；散架
fall asleep入睡；睡着
fall back后退， (对方因被击败而)退却；回落
fall behind落后
fall off减少；下降
fall down跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败
fall out掉落；脱落；争吵
fall over发生故障；被……绊倒
fall ill生病
fall in love with爱上，喜爱
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①He fell _______ a rock in his path and fell to the ground.
②The snowstorm caused traffic to fall _______ sharply.
③Their marriage finally fell ________ and they got divorced.
④He fell _________, so he had to quicken up his pace to catch up with us.
⑤Inflation could fall _______ into single figures as early as this month.
over
away
apart
behind
back
1.It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。
重点句型
J句式分析
本句为强调句式，at ten o'clock today 为被强调部分。
It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday.
我昨天在公园见到了我从前的老师。
It is Mr.Smith that thinks Tom is a clever boy.
史密斯先生认为汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
(2022·全国甲卷)But it is the harbor that makes the city.
但正是港口造就了这座城市。
S思维拓展
强调句型是英语中常用的句子结构，其基本结构为：It＋be＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分。
①强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。
②强调句型中，连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分是人，也可用who/whom，其他一律用that，不能用which, where, when等，即使被强调的是物、时间状语或地点状语。
③强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数， be动词一律用单数is/was形式，如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去时，就用was；是一般现在时，就用is，也可以用“情态动词＋be”形式。
④强调句型也有疑问句形式，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反义疑问句。一般疑问句的强调形式，只需将is/was提前，移至句首即可，即：Is/Was it...that...。特殊疑问句的强调形式，须将陈述句变成一般疑问句，再在句首加上疑问词，即：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分。
⑤not...until...结构在强调句型中的运用：until引导时间状语从句，也可以用在强调句型中，但主要是其否定形式，如用在强调句型中，必须将not前移，写成It is/was not until...that...。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _______ the bus picks up the exchange students.
②It was when we were returning home _______ I realized what a kind man he was.
that
that
句型转换
③He didn't go to bed until his father came home.(强调时间状语从句)
It was _______________________________ that _________________.
④It was at twelve o'clock at midnight that he witnessed the murder. (就画线部分提问)
___________________ he witnessed the murder
not until his father came home
he went to bed
When was it that
2.Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。
J句式分析
as if＝as though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。
(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
室内植物可能看起来无所事事，但在许多方面，它们是家庭的无名英雄。
I don't mean to alarm you, but it smells as though you might have dropped something.
我不是有意惊动你，但闻起来你好像掉了什么东西。
——《爱丽丝梦游仙境》
S思维拓展
(1)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to snow.
看来要下雪。
(2)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反 过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 would/could/might＋do
The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.
这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反)
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①Don't handle the vase as if it _______(be) made of steel.
②It was John who broke the window．Why are you talking to me as if I ___________(do) it
③The little boy walks as if he _______(be) an old man.
④He talked a lot about America as if he ___________(be) there before.
were
had done
were
had been
3.I saw huge buildings rise up, then disappear like a dream.
我看到巨大的建筑拔地而起，然后像梦一样消失了。
J句式分析
see＋宾语(huge buildings)＋宾补(rise up)
Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke.
我看到周围的树木像一缕缕烟雾一样生长着。
Someone saw him come up the stairs.
有人看见他上楼了。
S思维拓展
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过那个小女孩的房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(被动，正在进行)
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动，没有一定的时间性)
M名师点津
当see用于被动时，see sb./sth.do要变成 sb./sth.be seen to do。
He was seen to enter the room.
有人看见他进了房间。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
①The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ (carry) out next year.
②The missing boy was last seen __________(play) near the lake.
③I saw John ________(read) my private letters when I approached him.
carried
playing
reading
4.The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes.
整个地球表面正在发生变化，在我眼前融化流动。
J句式分析
melting and flowing before my eyes是现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。
He lowered his head, whispering, “I couldn't manage it.”
他低下头，低声说： “我做不到。”
He worked day and night to meet the deadline, sparing no time to rest.
为了赶在最后期限前完成任务，他日夜工作没时间休息。
S思维拓展
现在分词的一般式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生，与句子主语构成主动关系，表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况。
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.(作时间状语)
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
Being a League member, he is always helping others.(作原因状语)
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.(作伴随状语)
他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.(作条件状语)
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.(作结果状语)
他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.(作让步状语)
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
J即学即练
单句语法填空
① __________ around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
② _________ the cat, the mouse ran off.
③While __________ for the bus, I encountered one of my old friends.
Looking
Seeing
waiting
5.So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。
J句式分析
so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
I'll help you so long as I have time.
只要我有时间我会帮助你的。
I don't care, so long as she let me be with her.
只要她让我和她在一起，我才不在乎呢。
S思维拓展
条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句(即虚拟条件句)。能引导真实条件句的连词除了so/as long as外，还有if，unless，suppose/supposing(that),providing/provided (that),given(that),on condition that，only if等。
Q巧学助记
If you are tired, we will go straight home.
如果你疲倦了，我们就直接回家。
I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.
除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。
You can go there on condition that you don't come back late for dinner.
你可以去那儿，条件是回来吃饭不能太晚。
Supposing that there is no pure water, what shall we drink
假如没有纯净的水，我们喝什么？
I will go providing /provided that you go too.
如果你也去，我就去。
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。
Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。
M名师点津
so long as与as long as用法：
①as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句。
②as long as还可译为“与……一样长，长达……”。
J即学即练
一句多译
只要虚心，就会进步
① ____________________ you are modest, you'll surely make progress.
② __________________________________________ you are modest, you'll surely make progress.
③ __________ you are modest will you surely make progress.
Provided/Providing
As long as/So long as/On condition that
Only if
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.A few years ago it was impossible to find ___________(更好的) quality cherries in local shops.
2.The issue now is to see how the complicated measures will be taken, especially those concerning the _________(劳动力) market.
3.He showed great sympathy for the poor beggar and ordered him two pairs of black __________(皮革) shoes.
4.Seen from a distance on this sunny day, however, the bright autumn light made it _______(朦胧的) and golden, like the imagery in a fairy tale.
5.In the folk story, Ella went to ________(取) the pumpkin which Godmother transformed into an orange carriage.
superior
labour
leather
hazy
fetch
6.Before polishing the house she bound up her hair in a large _______________(手帕)．
7.In order to write a good composition，I _______(力劝) you to read some prose which is beneficial to you.
8.Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or __________(爆发) with anger in front of her
9.According to the complicated regulations, the __________(最大的) height for a fence or hedge is 6 feet.
10.I knew nothing beyond a few _________(随机的) facts.
handkerchief
urge
explode
maximum
random
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The villagers have to walk a mile ___________ (fetch)water.
2.Until now, wage increases have always kept pace _______ inflation.
3.He has _____ urge to become a cinema star．
4.My phone seems to switch itself off ___________(random)．
5.Bombs were ____________(explode)all around the city.
to fetch
with
an
randomly
exploding
6.Peter will take _______ as managing director when Bill retires.
7.Your statement is in conflict _______ the rest of the evidence.
8.Our photograph shows how the plants will turn ______.
9.The houses fell _______ as we left the city.
10._____ long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression．
over
with
out
away
So
Ⅲ.选词填空
feel like，have an urge to，turn out，draw a breath，push through，due to，again and again
1.The chances are that this book may ___________ to be the bestseller of our time.
2.Would you ____________ coming along with us to the concert this Sunday
3.My brother ________________，determined that he would go on climbing.
turn out
feel like
drew a breath
4.The crowd in Quancheng Square was so thick that he had to _______ ___________.
5.The town was cut off from the rest of the world _________ the heavy snow.
6.The vacation is coming and I __________________ travel around the world.
7.Mr. Brown was careful and would go over his work _______________ until he felt he had it right.
push
through
due to
have an urge to
again and again
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．____________________________________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这里，我才意识到这个地方不仅以它的美丽而闻名，而且以它的天气而闻名。(强调句型)
2．He behaved _____________________________.
他表现得若无其事。(as if)
3．_______________________________, it doesn't matter whether you win or not.
只要尽力而为，输赢无关紧要。(so long as)
It was not until I came here that
as if nothing had happened
So long as you try your best
4．He said it angrily, _________________________________.
他指着墙上的布告生气地说。(现在分词作状语)
5．When I passed the window, I _______________________________.
当我经过窗口时，我看见他在读一本科幻小说。(see＋宾语＋宾补)
pointing at the notice on the wall
saw him reading a science fiction
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
The first of all Time Machines began its career at ten o'clock today. __________(give) it a last check, I sat myself in the leather seat．I drew _____ breath，gripped the lever and pushed it forwards．The laboratory ________(go) hazy around me．My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief，apparently without __________(see) me．I pushed the lever further．Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day．Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, __________(fast) and faster still．It is hard ______________(explain)
1.Giving
2.a
3.went
4.seeing
5.faster
6.to explain
the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road．I had a strong urge to look at the random things ______________ were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many _________(time)．I pulled the lever backwards hard．With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped on its side, and I _____________(throw) through the air．I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder．I was sitting in the rain in some mud next _______ the machine.
7.that/which
8.times
9.was thrown
10.toUNIT 1 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos.Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas.” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety.So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior，” said Félix W．Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
语篇解读：本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，从而引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer(短信监控器)的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用手机。
1.Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US A
A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.
C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.
解析：推理判断题。综合第一段内容和第二段首句“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.(然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。)”可知，各种禁令是无效的。 ineffective(无效的); unnecessary(没有必要的); inconsistent (不一致的，不调和的); unfair(不公平的)。故选A。
2.What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out B
A．Where a driver came from.
B．Whether a driver used their phone.
C．How fast a driver was going.
D．When a driver arrived at the scene.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中最后一句(这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。)可知，Textalyzer能够确定司机是否使用了手机。故选B。
3.What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to D
A．Advice. B．Data.
C．Tests. D．Laws.
解析：词义猜测题。画线词something后的定语“on the books that can change people's behavior”，由此判断 something是指书面的，而且可以改变人们( 开车使用手机的习惯)的行为。另外，根据下文的信息“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, ‘people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.’”可知 Félix W．Ortiz希望Textalyzer法案成为法律，这样人们会更害怕拿起手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
4.What is a suitable title for the text B
A．To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B．Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C．New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
解析：标题归纳题。前两段介绍各种各样说服人们在开车时放下手机的方法无效，而且问题却越来越严重。第三段中解释了该现象产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项(发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器)适合文章的标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·吉林省长春市第二中学高二期中)
VR and the Olympics: changing what viewers can experience
The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics was full of breakthroughs.It is the biggest Olympics' news and media coverage so far. 1.F
Though VR headsets have been widely accepted across industries such as gaming and tourism, their uses haven't fully been explored. 2.E That's why we are here to clarify VR's effects on the Olympics.
● 3.B
Due to the pandemic situation, the events this year weren't open to the public, which means getting close to the action was going to require some technological intervention.
By live-casting sport games in 360 VR video, viewers can experience never-before-seen immersiveness(沉浸感), and truly feel like they're in the field with their favorite athletes! So, it makes sense that the Olympics turned to VR to give viewers a close view of all the events.
●Overcome practical difficulties
Both the Winter Olympics and its Paralympics equivalent were held in Beijing this year, which aren't easy to reach for most of us in the West.Thus, the application of VR technology helps relay(转播) the Olympics despite geographical distance.
And when it comes to the Winter Olympics, there is a lot not so enjoyable.There is no amount of gloves and layers that will put off the cold long enough for you to enjoy the skiing. 4.G
But with a VR headset, you can see all the action just from the comfort of your home, saving yourself the realistic troubles.
●Watch whenever you want
The VR experience offered far more than just a comfortable place to watch. 5.C In other words, it means you can watch your favourite moments over and over again.There is also footage (镜头) of the opening and closing ceremony available, so that you can appreciate another aspect of the successful Olympics.
A．Pay an on-site visit
B．Have an up-close look
C．There was live and on demand coverage available.
D．However, virtual reality is very important in our lives.
E．Unfortunately, this was also the case for the Olympics.
F．It is also where virtual reality really enters the golden period.
G．There is also a lot of standing around and waiting for an event.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了VR技术的运用，改变了观众对奥运会的体验。
解析：
1．F选项承上启下，句式与前面一致，also提示与前文内容并列，赞扬2022北京冬奥会，并引出文章话题，过渡到下文，it代替The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics。故选F。
2．根据前一句(虽然VR头戴式设备已被游戏和旅游等行业广泛接受，但其用途尚未得到充分开发。)可知，这里继续陈述VR技术在奥运会上也未得到充分开发和利用。所以选择项E“Unfortunately, this was also the case for the Olympics.(不幸的是，奥运会也是如此。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
3．此处为本段小标题。根据下文可知，本段主要介绍通过VR技术可以近距离观看直播体育赛事。故B选项 (近距离观看)符合语境，且句式与其他小标题一致。故选B。
4．根据前一句 (说到冬奥会，也有很多不那么愉快的事情。再多的手套和层层叠叠的衣服也不足以让你在寒冷的天气里享受滑雪的乐趣。) 可知，这里陈述冬奥会所存在的问题和困难。故G选项 (也有很多人站在周围等待赛事。)继续举例说明问题和困难。故选G。
5．根据前一句 (VR体验提供的远不止是一个舒适的观看场所。)和后一句 (换句话说，这意味着你可以一遍又一遍地看你最喜欢的时刻。) 可知，VR可以让观众按照自己的需要观看比赛。故C选项 (有现场和按需的报道。) 符合语境，后文是其结果。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023·广东省广州市一模)
In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference.Last month, she 1.A the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.
What 2.D Gitanjali's work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water.“The idea didn't 3.C to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests.The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren't very 4.B .”
She recalls.She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and 5.D found that carbon nanotube (纳米管)sensors can be used to sense chemicals.Gitanjali 6.A to build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside.A free app, which Gitanjali designed under 7.C from her computer science teacher, gives instant 8.B and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.
The process of designing her project wasn't always 9.D , though.Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, 10.C along the way.In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also 11.B her parents with constant support and 12.A to try “crazy ideas”．Gitanjali received $25, 000 to further develop her program along with the great 13.C of winning the contest.According to Shafer, who 14.D Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve 15.B issues through science”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了吉坦贾利·拉奥只是一个11岁的普通人，但她的科学精神却产生了巨大的影响，她因发明获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖项。
1.A．earned B．designed
C．offered D．made
解析：考查动词。根据设空处的宾语“the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention(探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖项)”可知，吉坦贾利·拉奥获得了这个奖项。A．earned获得；B.designed设计；C.offered提供；D.made制作。故选A。
2.A．exposed B．improved
C．defined D．inspired
解析：考查动词。根据下文“her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water(她的城市面临着水资源紧急情况，水中铅含量过高)”以及“The idea didn't occur to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests.(直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才想到这个主意。)”可知，这些使吉坦贾利受到了启发。A．exposed暴露；B．improved改善；C.defined定义；D.inspired启发。故选D。
3.A．stick B．belong
C．occur D．apply
解析：考查动词。根据下文“until I saw my parents try to do water tests(直到我看到父母试着做水测试)”可推理出，作者在看到父母试着做水测试时，想到了主意。sth.occurs to sb.意为“某人想到某事”。A．stick粘贴，刺；B.belong属于；C.occur想到，发生；D.apply申请。故选C。
4.A．simple B．reliable
C．predictable D．creative
解析：考查形容词。根据上文“The test strips may show inaccurate results(测试条可能显示不准确的结果)”可知，测试条可能不可靠。A．simple简单的；B.reliable可靠的；C.predictable可预测的；D.creative创造性的。故选B。
5.A．initially B．immediately
C．temporarily D．eventually
解析：考查副词。根据上文“She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts(然后，她继续努力寻找合适的材料)”以及下文“found that carbon nanotube sensors(纳米管) can be used to sense chemicals(发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感应化学物质)”可知，上下文要表达的含义是：吉坦贾利经过不断的努力，最终发现了碳纳米管传感器。A．initially最初； B．immediately立即；C.temporarily临时地；D.eventually最终。故选D。
6.A．managed B．promised
C．pretended D．happened
解析：考查动词。根据下文“build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside(建造了一个蓝色的小房子，里面有电脑芯片和电池)”可知，吉坦贾利成功地建成了小房子。A．managed管理，设法做成；B.promised承诺；C.pretended假装；D.happened发生。故选A。
7.A．observation B．command
C．instruction D．control
解析：考查名词。根据下文“from her computer science teacher(来自她的计算机科学老师)”可推理出是来自于她的计算机科学老师的指导。A．observation观察；B.command命令；C.instruction指导；D.control控制。故选C。
8.A．access B．results
C．decisions D．approval
解析：考查名词。根据下文“sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device(通过连接的设备将数据发送到链接的手机)”可知，该应用程序能提供即时的结果。A．access入口；B.results结果；C.decisions决定；D.approval同意。故选B。
9.A．optional B．complete
C．continuous D．smooth
解析：考查形容词。根据下文“Kathleen Shafer，a scientist paired with Gitanjli as her teacher in summer, helped along the way(Kathleen Shafer是一名科学家，她在夏天与吉坦贾利搭档担任她的老师，一路上她都在帮忙)”可知，吉坦贾利的项目设计需要老师的帮忙，并不是一帆风顺的。A．optional可选择的；B.complete完整的；C.continuous连续的；D.smooth光滑的；顺利的。故选D。
10.A．changed B．risked
C．helped D．followed
解析：考查动词。根据上文“Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer(Kathleen Shafer是一名科学家，她在夏天与吉坦贾利搭档担任她的老师)”可知，Kathleen Shafer一直都在帮助吉坦贾利。A．changed改变；B.risked冒险；C.helped帮助；D.followed跟着。故选C。
11.A．stresses B．credits
C．impresses D．provides
解析：考查动词。根据下文“constant support(不断支持)”可知，吉坦贾利把他的成功还归功于父母的不断支持。A．stresses强调；B.credits把……归于；C.impresses给……以深刻印象；D.provides提供。故选B。
12.A．encouragement B．request
C．struggle D．pressure
解析：考查名词。与上文constant support(不断支持)并列，encouragement(鼓励)恰当。A．encouragement鼓励；B.request要求；C.struggle挣扎；D.pressure压力。故选A。
13.A．fortune B．intention
C．honor D．potential
解析：考查名词。根据下文“winning the contest(赢得比赛)”可知，赢得比赛是一种荣誉。A．fortune命运：B.intention目的；C.honor荣誉；D.potential潜力。故选C。
14.A．keeps up with B．gets along with
C．takes care of D．speaks highly of
解析：考查动词短语。根据下文“she shows a lot of motivation to solve practical issues through science(她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的很大动力)”可知，Shafer对吉坦贾利有着很高的评价。A．keeps up with跟上；B.gets along with与……相处；C．takes care of照顾；D.speaks highly of高度赞扬。故选D。
15.A．commercial B．practical
C．academic D．systematic
解析：考查形容词。根据第三段“She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and 5 found that carbon nanotube(纳米管) sensors can be used to sense chemicals.(然后，她继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感应化学物质)”可知，吉坦贾利是通过科学解决的实际问题。A．commercial商业的；B.practical实用的；C.academic学术的；D.systematic系统的。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·山东省日照市一模)
A robot has been taught to laugh at jokes to make it more human.Researchers are using AI to train robots about appropriate laughter, and 1.to distinguish (distinguish) between chuckles and screams.
They described 2.working (work)with a robot called Erica in the hope of making a conversation more natural.“We think that one of the important 3.functions (function) of conversational AI is sympathy，” said Dr Koji Inoue, a professor.“A conversation is, of course, multimodal, not just responding correctly.So we decided that one way a robot can empathize(共情) with users is to share their laughter, 4.which you cannot do with a text-based chatbot.”
Creating a “ 5.shared (share)laughter” model, the researchers used AI to help detect laughter and decide whether to laugh and what kind of laughter would be 6.better (good)．Four short dialogues between real people and Erica 7.were used (use) to test the system, which performed well.
However, the experts said there is more work to do to create 8.truly (true) natural laughter situations.
Dr Inoue said, “The robot should actually have 9.a distinct character, and it can show this character through its conversational behaviors, such as laughing, eye gaze, gestures and speaking styles.It may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat 10.with a robot like we would with a friend.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究人员正在使用人工智能来训练机器人适当的笑声。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员正在使用人工智能来训练机器人如何发出适当的笑声，并区分咯咯笑和尖叫。use sth.to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。根据并列连词and前的“to train robots about appropriate laughter”可知，用不定式结构。故填to distinguish。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们描述了与一个名为Erica的机器人合作，希望能让对话更自然。describe doing sth.意为“描述做某事”。故填working。
3．考查名词复数。句意：“我们认为会话人工智能的重要功能之一是同情”，教授井上浩二博士说。one of ＋复数名词，意为“……之一”。故填functions。
4．考查定语从句。句意：所以我们认为，机器人与用户产生共情的一种方式就是分享他们的笑声，这是基于文本的聊天机器人无法做到的。指代前面的一句话，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。故填which。
5．考查形容词。句意：研究人员创建了一个“共享笑声”模型，利用人工智能来帮助检测笑声，并决定是否笑，以及什么样的笑会更好。名词laughter与share之间为被动关系，所以前用-ed形式形容词修饰。故填shared。
6．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。结合句意可知，表示“更好的”，所以用形容词比较级形式。故填better。
7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员用真人和Erica之间的四段简短对话来测试该系统，该系统表现良好。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。主语Four short dialogues为复数，与use之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were used。
8．考查副词。句意：然而，专家们表示，要创造真正自然的笑声环境，还有很多工作要做。形容词natural前用副词形式。故填truly。
9．考查冠词。句意：机器人应该有一个独特的性格，它可以通过它的对话行为来显示这个性格，比如笑、凝视、手势和说话风格。名词character为可数名词，泛指，且形容词distinct发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
10．考查介词。句意：可能还需要10到20年的时间，我们才能最终像和朋友一样和机器人随意聊天。chat with意为“和……聊天”。故填with。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
目前我国已有多家机器人餐厅，请你就此以“Robot Waiters in Restaurants”为题给报社写一篇英语短文，介绍机器人餐厅的优点，要点如下：
1．机器人可以烹饪、送餐、引路；
2．可以吸引顾客，尤其是年轻的顾客；
3．可以减少雇员，降低成本。
注意：
1．词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
Robot Waiters in Restaurants
So far many restaurants in China have adopted robot waiters, which is a big hit with customers.________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Robot Waiters in Restaurants
So far many restaurants in China have adopted robot waiters, which is a big hit with customers. It's not only because of the food being cooked and dished up by robots, but because of the way the food is being served.
First, robot waiters lead the hungry people to tables, taking the place of waiters and waitresses.Then the robot waiters get their orders and get their food cooked.The moment the robot waiters hand out meals, the customers become excited and show great interest.
The robot waiters prove to be popular with the customers, especially the young.A restaurant manager says the robot waiters can help attract customers, reduce the number of employees and lower the costs.(共24张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
Section Ⅳ 单元写作
写作方法指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
科幻故事
写作指导
写科幻故事是开放式作文的一种，一般给出一段材料，要求我们充分发挥想象力来拓展原材料内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向延伸，给故事添加开头、结尾或中间过程。想象必须合理而且内容丰富，要抓住主题，运用恰当的词汇、句型与语句间的连接成分写出连贯的表达，语言要流畅、具有美感。
写科幻故事需要遵循以下步骤：
1．仔细审题，确定文章结构
科幻故事的写作一般可分为三部分：第一部分为故事的开始；第二部分为故事发展的过程及结果；最后一部分提出故事的教育意义。
2．根据需要确定时态
科幻故事通常发生在未来，因此应以一般将来时为主。
3．筛选词汇
科幻故事一般为虚构的故事，为了吸引读者，故事的语言要生动、富于虚幻性。
常用表达
1．...is one of the greatest fantasy stories ever written.
……是有史以来最伟大的奇幻故事之一。
2．The hero is a boy called...and the heroine is a girl called...
男主人公一个名叫……的男孩，女主角是一个名叫……的女孩。
3．There are many extraordinary adventures.
有很多不寻常的冒险。
4．Robots play an important role in our future life.
机器人在我们未来的生活中扮演着重要的角色。
5．Both adults and children will enjoy these stories.
大人和小孩都会喜欢这些故事。
精品展示
某英文报社正在举行英文幻想故事大赛，请你根据所给出的故事的开头(不计入总词数)，续写一篇80词左右的幻想小故事参赛。
Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood，wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her，you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：幻想故事属记叙文范畴。
2．确定人称：主体人称为第三人称。
3．确定时态：以一般过去时为主。
第二步 确定段落
本文应分为三部分：
Part 1：介绍故事的开始。
Part 2：讲述故事发展的过程。
Part 3：叙述故事的结局及意义。
第三步 核心词汇
1．犹豫做…… ____________________
2．把……戴上 ___________
3．看不见的 ____________
4．靠近 ___________
5．在……的帮助下 ______________________
6．和……一起 ________________
hesitate to do...
put...on
invisible
approach
with the help of...
together with
第四步 连词成句
1．年轻人毫不犹豫地戴上了那枚戒指。
The young man _____________________________________ his finger.
2．他吃惊地发现自己消失了，其他人都看不见他。
Surprisingly，he discovered that he ________________ and _______ _____________ other people.
3．一靠近城堡，他就戴上了戒指，进入了城堡。
As soon as he ________________________，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
didn't hesitate to put the ring on
disappeared
was
invisible to
approached the castle
4．在戒指的帮助下，他在一个金盒中找到了魔棒，并成功地将其毁掉，解除了女巫对女孩施的魔咒。
___________________ the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，destroyed it successfully，and thus removed the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
5．年轻人和女孩一起击败了女巫，并且他们在一起过上了幸福的生活。
The young man, ________________ the girl, defeated the witch, and they lived a happy life together.
With the help of
together with
第五步 句式升级
1．用含有动词-ing形式作状语、形容词短语作状语的句子合并第1句和第2句。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The young man didn't hesitate to put the ring on his finger，surprisingly discovering that he disappeared，invisible to other people.
2．用“on＋动词-ing形式”改写第3句。
__________________________________________________________
3．用动词-ing形式作状语改写第4句。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On approaching the castle，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
With the help of the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，and destroyed it successfully，thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
第六步 连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood，wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her，you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”The young man didn't hesitate to put the ring on his finger，surprisingly discovering that he disappeared，invisible to other people.On approaching the castle，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.
He learned that the girl couldn't move forever unless someone destroyed the witch's magical stick.With the help of the ring，he found the magical stick in a golden box，and destroyed it successfully，thus removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch.
The young man, together with the girl, defeated the witch, and they lived a happy life together.
写作训练
你们学校校报正在向学生征稿，稿件内容是关于未来的学校。请根据表格中记录的要点写一篇标题为“未来的学校(Future Schools)”的英语文章。
注意：1．词数80左右,文章的开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
School life：different activities；richer and more interesting
Buildings and equipment: modern;easy to use;everything run by computers
Subjects：more subjects to choose from；most subjects offered on the Internet
Ways of learning：learn at school or at home
Future Schools
In the future, schools will be different in many ways from what they are now.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Future Schools
In the future, schools will be different in many ways from what they are now.
Firstly, with many different activities to be organized at school, the school life will be richer and more interesting.Secondly, school buildings and equipment will be much better. Everything will be run by computers, more modern, and easier for students to use.Then, there will be many more subjects for students to choose from, and most subjects will be offered on the Internet. Therefore，students will choose to learn at home on the Internet, or at school from teachers.
In conclusion, future schools will be better learning places for students.
话题佳句
1．Not only is the story stunning and thrilling but the spirit it conveys is of great significance.
不仅故事让人印象深刻、令人激动，而且它传递的精神也是极其重要的。
2．The story is set on a future basis, when disasters will happen to human beings.
故事是以未来为背景，那时灾难将发生在人类身上。
3．The film intends to convey a message that it is only cooperation that can help us beat off the future challenges.
这部电影想要传递一个信息，只有合作才能帮助我们战胜未来的挑战。
4．There are so many science fiction writers throughout the world, among whom Cixin Liu is the one I admire most.
世界上有许多的科幻作家，刘慈欣是我最钦佩的一位。
5．So wonderful is the film The Wandering Earth that it is well worth seeing a second time.
《流浪地球》这部电影如此优秀，它真的值得再看一次。
6．Interesting and instructive, the book makes a great impact on my life.
这本书既有趣又有教育意义，对我的生活产生了巨大的影响。
7．The science fiction I'd like to recommend to you is I，Robot, created by Isaac Asimov.
我想向你推荐的科幻小说是艾萨克·阿西莫夫创作的《我，机器人》。
8．The year 2019 witnessed the great success of the film The Wandering Earth in China.
2019年见证了电影《流浪地球》在中国的巨大成功。
9．Never have I read such great science fiction as The Three-Body Problem in my life.
我一生中从未读过像《三体》这样优秀的科幻小说。
10．It is through this story that I have learnt that only with cooperation with each other can our world become better and better.
正是通过这个做事我学到了只有通过彼此合作我们的世界才会变得越来越好。(共28张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
单元重点回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→ __________ v．任命；委派；指定；约定
① ______________________________________约好去做某事
② _____________________约定好做某事
③ _____________________________任命某人某职务
④ ________________________委派某人做某事
appoint
have/make an appointment to do sth.
appoint to do sth.
appoint sb.(to be/as) sth.
appoint sb.to do sth.
2．guilty adj．内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→ ________ n．[法律]有罪，犯罪行为， 轻罪，过失；内疚，悔恨；自责→ ___________ adv.内疚地；有罪地
① _________________________________对(做)某事感到内疚/惭愧
② _________________犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的
3．dismiss vt．让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
① _____________________让某人从……离开；解雇某人
② ______________________因某事解雇某人
③ _______________________________________消除某人心中的恐惧/疑虑
guilt
guiltily
feel guilty about (doing) sth.
guilty of sth.
dismiss sb.from...
dismiss sb.for sth.
dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind
4．declare vt．宣布；宣称；声明；表明→ ___________ n．宣告者→ ______________ n．宣布，宣言，宣告；申报，声明(书)
① __________________宣布/宣称
② _________________________声明赞成/反对……
③ ____________________向……宣战
④ ________________________宣布某人/某物……
⑤ _____________________________宣布某人/某物为……
⑥ _________________________据宣布……
declarer
declaration
declare that...
declare for/against...
declare war on...
declare sb./sth.＋adj.
declare sb./sth.(to be)...
It is declared that...
5．superior adj．更好的，占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，长官；优胜者
① _______________________比……(在品质上)更好；更胜一筹
② __________________比某人(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高
③ _________________在……方面优越
④ ___________________优质，上等品；高级货品
⑤ _________________高等法院；上级法院
⑥ ____________________低于；不如……；在……之下
⑦ __________________比……年长(资历深)
⑧ __________________比……年轻(资历浅)
superior to sb./sth.
superior to sb.
superior in...
superior quality
superior court
be inferior to...
be senior to...
be junior to...
6．fetch vt．(去)拿来；(去)请来
① _______带去，拿去。指：从说话人所在或所说之处把某人或某物带走，侧重方向而非方式，与bring的方向正相反。
② ________带来，拿来。指：从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在或所说之处。
③ ________(去)拿来。指：去取了某物或带上某人再返回原处，即一往一返，相当于go and bring，但有时也可说go and fetch，意思和fetch并无不同。
take
bring
fetch
7．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi．确定速度；调整节奏；踱步；缓慢而行
① ____________________(与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱
② _______________确定速度；确立标准；领先
③ _________________以……的速度
④ _______________以……的速度
8．division n．分开；分隔；分配；除(法)；差异→divide vt.分开；分配；分隔；除，除以
① ___________________把……分成……
② ______________________________在……之间分配/分享某物
③ ________________ A除以B
keep pace with...
set the pace
at a/an...pace
at a pace of
divide...into...
divide sth.between/among...
divide A by B
9．urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→ _________ adj.紧急的；迫切的→ __________ n．紧急；催促
①urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
②urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事
③have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事
10．explode vi.& vt．爆炸；爆破；爆裂→ ____________ n．爆炸→ ____________ adj.爆炸的；易爆炸的
explode into/with sth.勃然大怒；大发雷霆；突然发生(危险)
urgent
urgency
explosion
explosive
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．___________试验；考验；检验；测试
① ___________对……进行彻底检验
② __________检验，测验
③ ____________用……检验
④ ___________为鉴定……而测试；勘探
⑤ ____________________________使……经受考验(检验)
⑥ ________________________参加……考试/测试
test out
test out
test on
test with
test for
put sb./sth.to a/the test
take a test in/for...
2．____________更像是；更接近
① ______________更有可能的；更有希望的
② ________________越来越……；日益……
③ _____________更频繁，更经常
④ ______________________越来越经常；越来越多
⑤ ______________________往往，多半
3．____________接替；接任；接管；接手
① ____________拿走；带走，抓走
② ____________带回，收回
③ ____________拆除；往下拽
more like
more likely
more and more
more often
more and more often
more often than not
take over
take away
take back
take down
④ ___________脱下；起飞；成功
⑤ ___________把……取出来
⑥ __________呈现；承担
⑦ _____________发生
⑧ __________吸收；收留；领会
⑨ __________开始从事；占用
⑩ _____________拆开；拆散
__________喜欢上，喜爱
___________________取代某人；就位
take off
take out
take on
take place
take in
take up
take apart
take to
take one's place
4．________________与……冲突或抵触
① ___________ n．冲突；争执；争论 v．(想法、信仰或陈述)冲突，抵触，相互矛盾
② _____________________________ A和B之间的冲突
③ _______________________某事上的冲突
④ _______________________与某人有冲突
⑤ ______________ adj.冲突的；相矛盾的
conflict with
conflict
a conflict between A and B
a conflict over sth.
in conflict with sb.
conflicting
5．___________关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
① __________调大；到场；出现；翻身，翻转；找到
② __________打开
③ __________上交
④ ____________关小；调低；拒绝
⑤ ___________关掉
⑥ ______________转身
⑦ __________求助于
turn out
turn up
turn on
turn in
turn down
turn off
turn around
turn to
6．____________(逐渐)减少；消失
① _____________散开，破碎；崩溃，破裂；散架
② ______________入睡；睡着
③ ____________后退， (对方因被击败而)退却；回落
④ ______________落后
⑤ ___________减少；下降
⑥ ____________跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败
⑦ ___________掉落；脱落；争吵
⑧ ____________发生故障；被……绊倒
⑨ ___________生病
⑩ ____________________爱上，喜爱
fall away
fall apart
fall asleep
fall back
fall behind
fall off
fall down
fall out
fall over
fall ill
fall in love with
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially ______________ ______________________________________________________
克莱尔不想让机器人出现在家里，尤其是当她丈夫要出差三个星期的时候。(as)
2．He seemed ____________ a human _______ a machine.
他看上去更像是一个人，而不像一台机器。(more...than...)
as her husband
would be away on a business trip for three weeks...
more like
than
3．Claire ________________________________ she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔认为她被机器人给予同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。(it作形式主语)
4．As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire ____________________ ____________________________________.
为了帮她这个忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把她家布置得更雅致。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
thought it was ridiculous that
make herself more
beautiful and her home more elegant
5．As she turned around, ______________________________.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。(倒装)
6．_______________________________________ the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点，第一台时光机开始了它的职业生涯。(强调句式)
7．Night came ______________________________________, and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯被熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白天来了。(as if)
there stood Gladys Claffern
It was at ten o'clock today that
as if a lamp was being turned out
8．I _______________________________, then disappear like a dream.
我看到巨大的建筑拔地而起，然后像梦一样消失了。(see＋宾语＋宾补)
9．The whole surface of the earth was being changed, ______________ ________________________.
整个地球表面正在发生变化，在我眼前融化流动。(现在分词作状语)
10．_________________________________________, it didn't matter.
只要我以最快的速度旅行，这就无关紧要了。(so long as)
saw huge buildings rise up
melting and
flowing before my eyes
So long as I travelled at maximum speed
聊天机器人ChatGPT
(原文选自)
语篇导读：近期，科技圈也刮起了一股名叫“ChatGPT”的风。ChatGPT是由OpenAI公司开发的一个人工智能聊天机器人程序。它能够通过学习和理解人类的语言来进行对话互动交流，甚至能完成撰写邮件、文案、翻译、代码等任务。数据显示，截至2023年一月末，ChatGPT的月度用户数已突破1亿，成为史上消费者增长最快的应用。
There's a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you'd better pay attention, even if you aren't into artificial intelligence.The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses.It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet.ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning(监督和强化学习)．
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming(编程) help.Perhaps it's not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative.A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT.UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase.But when too many people hop onto the server(服务器), it overloads and can't process your request.It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it.If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you.As of Feb.1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times.This service does come at a cost of $20/month.
However, ChatGPT can not replace Google.ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence bot that provides solutions to your questions, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible. ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT ____
A．Its language model.
B．Its working theory.
C．Its design inspiration.
D．Its development process.
2.Why does the author list figures in Paragraph 3 ____
A．To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B．To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C．To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D．To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
B
A
3.What is ChatGPT Plus intended for ____
A．Guiding users to experience free services.
B．Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements.
C．Helping researchers detect the failure of the system.
D．Offering consumers priority access during peak hours.
4.What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google ____
A．It operates based on limited data.
B．It takes more time to search for solutions.
C．It can only update information at a fixed time.
D．It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
D
A
词汇积累
1．huge volumes of 大量的
2．fine-tune v．调整，使有规则
3．search engine 搜索引擎
知识小百科
OpenAI是美国一家人工智能研究公司。其成立于2015年12月，和谷歌、苹果、IBM等知名公司创办的其他项目共同探索先进计算机技术，解决面部识别或语言翻译等问题。OpenAI的核心宗旨在于确保通用人工智能(Artificial Intelligence, AGI)，即一种高度自主且在多数具有经济价值的工作上超越人类的系统，为全人类带来福祉。Unit 1 学业质量检测
(时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
选择题部分
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分， 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the conversation take place C
A．At a fruit shop.
B．At a candy shop.
C．At the woman's house.
2.What color is the man's toothbrush A
A．Blue. B．Green.
C．Red.
3.What is the new building A
A．An office building.
B．A department store.
C．A hospital.
4.When does the girl have to go to bed A
A．At 8∶00 p．m. B．At 9∶00 p．m.
C．At 11∶00 p．m.
5.What is the man mostly worried about B
A．The safety of the machine.
B．The safety of the airplane.
C．The service of the air hostess.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What are the speakers doing B
A．Painting the walls.
B．Moving furniture.
C．Cleaning the house.
7.What does the man say about the work C
A．It is very boring.
B．It is well done.
C．It is unnecessary.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.How is the weather today C
A．Windy. B．Cool.
C．Nice.
9.What season is it probably C
A．Spring. B．Fall.
C．Winter.
10.How does the man find the woman's suggestion A
A．Dangerous. B．Wonderful.
C．Just so-so.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What does the man find the most difficult in learning English C
A．Speaking. B．Writing.
C．Listening.
12.What does the man think of the woman's suggestion on improving listening finally B
A．It is impractical.
B．It is a good idea.
C．It is silly.
13.What is the man advised to do to improve his writing A
A．Find an English penfriend.
B．Watch English TV programmes.
C．Listen to English radio programmes.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Why does the woman go to Japan A
A．To study. B．To find a job.
C．To travel.
15.What did the man plan to do originally B
A．Work in a supermarket.
B．Open his own business.
C．Study in Japan.
16.What job does the man probably do now B
A．A doctor. B．A shop assistant.
C．An officer.
17.What is the possible relationship between the two speakers A
A．Friends. B．Colleagues.
C．Teacher and student.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.When were many of York's landmarks built A
A．During the Middle Ages.
B．During the Viking occupation.
C．During the Roman occupation.
19.Which is a must-visit in York A
A．The Shambles.
B．Georgian townhouses.
C．The Victorian railway station.
20.What's the purpose of the talk B
A．To introduce York's origin.
B．To attract visitors to York.
C．To recommend buildings.
听力原文
Text 1
M：This sheet smells like strawberries.When did you wash it
W：I didn't wash it.I think my little girl was eating candy on that bed.I'm so sorry.
M：No problem.I think it smells good.
Text 2
M：Who's been using my toothbrush
W：Not me，Dad.I use the blue one every morning, and Mom uses the green one.
M：Alice！Yours is red, not blue!
Text 3
M：A new building is going up on Spring Street.It will replace the old department store.I guess it might be a hospital.
W：I read in the paper that it's an office building.
Text 4
W：What time do you have to go to bed every night, Mike
M：In the summer, I go to bed at 11∶00 p．m. But when school starts, I'll have to be in bed by 9∶00 p．m.
W：My bedtime at 8∶00 p．m. is unreasonable!
Text 5
M：What's that clicking noise？Do you hear it？Is this airline safe
W：Oh，the air hostess is doing that.They count the passengers with a little silver machine.The machine clicks every time they count someone.
Text 6
W：That doesn't look right.Can you put the sofa next to that side table
M：You mean we put the sofa across from the bookshelf
W：Yes.Oh，and maybe we should just move the coffee table over here by these chairs.
M：Anything else
W：Well，now the furniture looks good, but I think we should move those pictures.
M：I don't know why you're moving everything.It looked fine before.
Text 7
M：It's a fine day today.
W：Yes.
M：Much better than yesterday, isn't it
W：Yes, but it will be windy and cold tomorrow.
M：I don't mind as long as it doesn't snow.
W：Me, neither.Do you want to go out
M：Of course.Do you have any plan
W：How about skating？It was five degrees below zero yesterday.I guess the lake is covered with ice now.
M：But I don't think the ice is strong enough yet.
W：Perhaps you are right.I hope for colder weather, so we can go skating.
M：So do I.
Text 8
W：What do you find the hardest in learning English
M：I find listening really difficult.
W：Well，you just need a lot of practice.
M：It's easier said than done!
W：Why don't you buy a radio？Then you can listen to English programmes.
M：Do you think that would help
W：Of course.
M：That's a good idea.But I also have some difficulties in writing.
W：Oh, well, for that, you'd better find an English penfriend.
M：Thank you for your advice.
Text 9
M：Hello，Linda.I haven't seen you for ages.What are you doing in town
W：Oh, I've just come back from Japan.
M：Oh, you've been abroad, haven't you
W：Yes，I went to Japan to learn Japanese there.And how about you？The last time we talked, didn't you tell me you were going to open your own business
M：That's right.I was.But things turned out differentl.
W：But, you seemed so determined to do that.What happened
M：Well, it's very complicated, and I'm sure you don't want to know all the details.Anyway I decided that opening my own business just wasn't for me.So I decided to stay at my old job instead.
W：So you are still working in that shop
M：Yes.Well, a lot has happened since we last saw each other.
W：I'll say！You know, we should try to stay in touch.
M：Let's have lunch together sometime soon.
W：Good idea.
Text 10
M：King George Ⅵ said “The history of York is the history of England.”York was founded by the Romans in 71 AD.The Romans also lived in it and ruled it for the next three centuries，turning it into a city of global importance.The Viking occupation of York took place in 866 AD.The Vikings farmed the land and were great traders, artists，engineers and ship builders.Over the years when York was under the Vikings' rule，the city developed in a successful way.The Middle Ages is an important period in York's history, as many of the city's landmarks were built within this period.
There're buildings of the Middle Ages，impressive Georgian townhouses and a Victorian railway station.As you explore York you will discover that every aspect of York's modern life is closely linked with its past.You can't miss the Shambles，as it's one of the most recognized historic streets in England.
York is between London and Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland.You can take a train from London to York or take a bus from London to go through Cambridge to e and find out more about York's history!
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·浙江省杭州市高三二模)
Science and Technology Camp
Full-day camp for students aged 12-14
Four-week program July 5-30 | Monday-Friday, 9 am to 4 pm
Week 1 | July 5-9
Week 2 | July 12-16
Week 3 | July 19-23
Week 4 | July 26-30
Registration begins June 1,2023—register for minimum two weeks.
Fees：$75 registration fee.$795 per week.Full payment must be made at time of registration.
The deadline for the cancellation to receive a full refund is June 15, 2023.
Camp Structure
Camp days are comprised of eight sessions with two sessions per day while the final day of the week is reserved for overviews and reflection.The morning sessions begin at 9 a．m. to 12 p．m. followed by one hour for lunch.(Campers should bring their lunches.) Afternoon sessions are scheduled from 1 p．m. to 4 p．m. with 15-minute breaks midway through each session.Snacks are provided at break time.(Food allergies should be reported at the time of registration.)
Camp Content
Science and Technology camp above all emphasizes entertainment while teaching students about how websites are designed using various coding languages, rocket design, practical applications of math and physics, and how to build your own hydraulics system.
Camp Personnel
The camp is headed by the husband-and-wife team of Doctors James and Sophie Clark who are experts in the fields of computer science and mechanical engineering.Our mission is to make sure everyone feels fully supported and excited to be here.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一个科技夏令营的相关信息。
21.What is the lowest cost of attending the Science and Technology camp D
A．$75. B．$795.
C．$1,590. D．$1,665.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章中“Registration begins June 1,2023—register for minimum two weeks.(注册开始于2023年6月1日——最少注册两周。)”以及“Fees: $75 registration fee.$795 per week.Full payment must be made at time of registration.(费用：75美元注册费。每周795美元。报名时须缴付全部费用。)”可知，注册费75美元，每周795美元，最少注册两周，故参加科技夏令营最低花费为75＋795×2＝1,665美元。故选D。
22.What is the main emphasis of Science and Technology camp B
A．Rocket science. B．Fun in learning.
C．Coding language. D．Hands-on experiences.
解析：细节理解题。根据Camp Content部分“Science and Technology camp above all emphasizes entertainment while teaching students about how websites are designed...(科技夏令营首先强调娱乐性，同时教学生如何设计网站……)”可知，该夏令营主要强调寓教于乐。故选B。
23.Who are the camp leaders C
A．Mechanical engineers.
B．Medical doctors.
C．A married couple.
D．Computer technicians.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The camp is headed by the husband-and-wife team of Doctors James and Sophie Clark who are experts in the fields of computer science and mechanical engineering.(该夏令营由James Clark博士和Sophie Clark博士夫妇领导，他们是计算机科学和机械工程领域的专家。)”可知，夏令营的领导是一对夫妇。故选C。
B
(2023·山东省烟台市高二月考)
From the top of Mount Qomolangma to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, plastic continues to pollute the environment, and it creates a significant threat to all life forms on Earth.Despite knowing the effects of plastic pollution, we have not been able to ban the use of plastic products.Now, thanks to the invention of a 17-year-old girl, Arora, we finally have a better choice.This plastic-like material is made from prawn shells, and it breaks down 1.5 million times faster than most of the commercial plastic products we use today.
The Australian teen first became aware of the impact of plastic waste on the environment when shopping with her mother.She wondered why her mother had to pay for the plastic bags.When asked, the cashier informed her how plastic hurts the planet and that the additional charge was there to encourage people not to use it.This inspired Arora to create a kind of plastic that would break down faster than the conventional one.
But the journey of inventing “eco-friendly plastic” was not easy.She experimented with a number of organic materials such as corn flour and banana peels, both of which had to be ruled out because of their solubility.One night, while having dinner, she noticed that the shells of prawns look plasticky.She immediately went to the lab to research.Later, she would describe that dinner as her “Eureka” moment.
She extracted the material called “chitin” from the shells and then mixed it with an insoluble protein called “fibroin”， which is found in silk cocoons.Using the combination of these two organic materials, Arora created a plastic-like material that breaks down completely within just 33 days.Moreover, this plastic releases nitrogen when breaking down, which is why it can be used as plant fertilizer.
Arora's invention has caused a stir, and she has won a number of awards.As an inspiring young woman, Arora wants to make a difference in the world, and she wants to encourage other young people to follow their passion and make a positive difference however they can.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的女孩Arora发明了一种比传统塑料分解更快的塑料，介绍了她发明这种塑料的经过和她的发明所取得的成就。
24.What inspired Arora to create a kind of special plastic A
A．A cashier's words about paid plastic bags.
B．Her determination to protect the prawns.
C．A class about plastic's impact on the planet.
D．Her plan to save money on plastic products.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中第三、四句 (当被询问时，收银员告诉她塑料是如何伤害地球的，额外收费是为了鼓励人们不要使用它。这启发Arora发明了一种比传统塑料分解更快的塑料。)可知，是收银员对收费塑料袋的评价启发Arora创造了一种特殊的塑料。故选A。
25.What could be a “Eureka” moment C
A．A moment of needing reflection.
B．A moment of finding the truth.
C．A moment of having sudden inspiration.
D．A moment of enjoying the celebration.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“One night, while having dinner, she noticed that the shells of prawns look plasticky.She immediately went to the lab to research.Later, she would describe that dinner as her ‘Eureka’ moment.(一天晚上，在吃晚饭的时候，她注意到虾壳看起来像塑料。她立即去实验室做研究。后来，她将那次晚餐描述为她的‘顿悟’时刻。)”可推知，Arora在那次吃晚饭时从虾壳中得到了灵感，创造出了这种分解很快的塑料，所以“Eureka”的时刻是指突发灵感的瞬间。故选C。
26.What can be known about the new plastic in Paragraph 4 C
A．It is made from non-organic materials.
B．It can break down totally in a month.
C．It can be used to help plants to grow.
D．It is extracted from an insoluble protein.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中最后一句(此外，这种塑料在分解时会释放出氮，这就是为什么它可以用作植物肥料。)可知，第四段中的新型塑料可以用来帮助植物生长。故选C。
27.Which of the following can best describe Arora B
A．Brave and clever.
B．Creative and inspiring.
C．Active and considerate.
D．Humorous and friendly.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中第二句(Arora将这两种有机材料结合起来，创造了一种类似塑料的材料，这种材料在短短33天内就能完全分解。)以及最后一段中第二句(作为一名鼓舞人心的年轻女性，Arora想要改变世界，她希望鼓励其他年轻人追随自己的激情，尽其所能做出积极的改变。)可推知，Arora创造出了分解更快的塑料，且鼓励其他年轻人，所以她是个有创造性和启发性的人。故选B。
C
(2023·江苏省南京市六校联合体高二联合调研)
Felix Ruppert and Alexander Badri-Sprowitz at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, designed a half-metre-high robot called Morti and gave it the capacity to teach itself how to walk, rather than to perform a pre-programmed step.The four-legged robot took only an hour to learn how to walk steadily, roughly the same amount of time as newborn horses need.And it's the first time that a machine learning technique has been so successfully applied to four-legged robots.
Morti is controlled by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm(算法) that doesn't have much information about the robot's legs, such as the exact shape of each element.“The AI, working like the central nervous system, gives walking instructions for Morti to follow.It then adjusts them on the basis of readings from foot sentences that signal when the robot falls and loses contact with the ground.Initially, Morti falls down, but after about an hour the AI finds the best way to make it walk，” said Ruppert.
Because the AI learns rather than calculating details of each leg's movement in advance, which can use a lot of energy, Morti walks using 42 percent less energy than when it first starts at the end of an hour-long learning process.Morti's process copies the way baby animals learn to move, as they also find the most efficient way to use their muscles by trying and initially tripping.
Dhireesha Kudithipudi at the University of Texas at San Antonio said that AI robots can often learn a specific task very well but can't make readjustments when the environment changes and that Morti's design, which relies on continually adjusting the robot's movement, may perform better in that regard.Ruppert said he and the team are working on adding more sensors and range of motion to Morti in a gesture to make it a more animal-like robot.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以像刚出生的马一样只用一小时就学会走路的四条腿的机器人。
28.What is special about Morti B
A．It is pre-programmed to walk.
B．It can learn to walk by itself.
C．It is the first four-legged robot.
D．It can help teach the newborns.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句(德国斯图加特马克斯普朗克智能系统研究所的费利克斯·鲁珀特和亚历山大·巴德里·斯普罗维茨设计了一个半米高叫做的Morti机器人，并让它拥有能够教它自己走路的能力，而不是执行预编程的步骤。) 可知，Morti的特殊之处在于它可以教会自己走路，即自学走路。故选B。
29.Which aspect of Morti is stressed in Paragraph 2 C
A．Its body structure.
B．Its design concept.
C．Its learning process.
D．Its working conditions.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的关键词gives walking instructions for Morti to follow、foot sentences、falls down、 make it walk等可知，本段强调的是Morti学习走路的过程。故选C。
30.How does the AI's learning ability benefit Morti C
A．By predicting Morti's leg movement.
B．By training Morti's muscles to the best.
C．By lowering Morti's energy consumption.
D．By strengthening Morti's bond with others.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句(因为人工智能学习而不是预先计算每个腿部运动的细节(这可能会消耗大量的能量)，Morti在一个小时的学习过程结束后，比刚开始走路时少用了42%的能量。)可知，人工智能的学习能力减少了Morti的能量消耗。故选C。
31.What is Dhireesha Kudithipudi's attitude towards Morti D
A．Doubtful. B．Cautious.
C．Subjective. D．Favorable.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句 (Dhireesha Kudithipudi表示，人工智能机器人通常可以很好地学习一项特定任务，但无法在环境变化时重新调整，Morti的设计依赖于不断调整机器人的运动，因此它在这方面可能会表现得更好。)可知，Dhireesha Kudithipudi对Morti应是持肯定的态度的，是支持的。故选D。
D
(2023·东北育才学校高二月考)
People's ability to remember fades with age—but one day, researchers might be able to use a simple, drug-free method to buck this trend.
In a study published on 22 August in Nature Neuroscience, Robert Reinhart, a cognitive neuroscientist at Boston University in Massachusetts, and his colleagues demonstrate that zapping(刺激) the brains of adults aged over 65 with weak electrical currents repeatedly over several days led to memory improvements that persisted for up to a month.
Using a non-invasive method of stimulating the brain known as transcranial alternating current stimulation (TACS), which delivers electrical currents through electrodes on the surface of the scalp, Reinhart's team conducted a series of experiments on 150 people aged between 65 and 88.Participants carried out a memory task in which they were asked to recall lists of 20 words that were read aloud by an experimenter.The participants underwent TACS for the entire duration of the task, which took 20 minutes.
After four continuous days of this protocol, participants who received high-frequency stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(背外侧前额叶皮质) had an improved ability to remember words from the beginning of the lists, a task that depends on long-term memory.Low-frequency zaps to the inferior parietal lobe(顶下小叶) enhanced participants' recall of items later in the lists, which involves ‘working' memory—the memory that allows the brain to store information temporarily. Participants' memory performance improved over the four days—and the gains persisted even a month later.Those who had the lowest levels of general cognitive function before the study experienced the largest memory improvements.
“I was both impressed and surprised by this, by this paper，” says Simon Hanslmayr, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of Glasgow, UK.He notes that along with other scientists, he has been sceptical about whether TACS can lead to meaningful changes in cognition.One issue has been that TACS devices generate electrical currents much weaker than those created by other methods of stimulating the brain, so it hasn't always been clear whether they can transmit enough electricity to the brain to modify its function.However, the authors of this study convincingly showed that their protocol was linked to “consistent and quite strong improvements in memory”， Hanslmayr says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现用弱电流反复刺激成年人的大脑，可以使记忆改善持续长达一个月。
32.What does the underlined word “buck” mean in Paragraph 1 D
A．Operate. B．Destroy.
C．Follow. D．Resist.
解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“People's ability to remember fades with age(人的记忆力会随着年龄的增长而衰退)”和句中的转折连词but以及画线词后面的this trend可知，研究人员找到的办法应该是能够抵制人的记忆力随着年龄的增长而衰退的趋势。故选D。
33.What can we learn about the experiments C
A．The experiments involved people aged over 65 and young students with good memory.
B．Participants were required to recall lists of 20 words when they read the words aloud.
C．Stimulating the inferior parietal lobe with low-frequency boosted the short-term memory.
D．High-frequency stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improved ‘working’ memory.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Low-frequency zaps to the inferior parietal lobe(顶下小叶) enhanced participants' recall of items later in the lists, which involves ‘working’ memory—the memory that allows the brain to store information temporarily.(顶下小叶的低频电击增强了参与者对列表中后面的项目的回忆，这涉及到‘工作’记忆——允许大脑临时存储信息的记忆。)”可知，低频刺激顶叶对短时记忆有促进作用。故选C。
34.Why has Simon Hanslmayr been sceptical about TACS A
A．The electricity sent by TACS is not sufficient to guarantee meaningful changes in cognition.
B．The people who have poor cognitive function experienced the least memory improvements.
C．TACS devices generate electrical currents as weak as those created by other methods.
D．TACS devices cannot ensure consistent and quite strong improvements in memory.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中第二、三句(他指出，和其他科学家一样，他一直怀疑TACS是否能导致认知的有意义的改变。 一个问题是，TACS设备产生的电流比其他刺激大脑的方法产生的电流弱得多，所以一直不清楚它们是否能向大脑传输足够的电流来改变大脑的功能。)可知，Simon Hanslmayr怀疑TACS是因为TACS发出的电流不足以保证认知发生有意义的变化。故选A。
35.What is the text mainly about C
A．TACS can lead to meaningful changes in cognition.
B．TACS can help people with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
C．Brain stimulation leads to long-lasting improvements in memory.
D．Brain stimulation benefits those with poor cognitive function most.
解析：主旨大意题。这篇文章的主要内容是研究人员发现用弱电流反复刺激成年人的大脑，可以使记忆改善持续长达一个月。故选C。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学高二阶段测试)
Currently, ChatGPT is an exciting new AI technology that has the potential to revolutionize the way humans interact with machines. 36.C ChatGPT can be a beneficial tool for everyone, especially for many students in the following ways.
Concisely rephrase lengthy articles and essays to make them easier to read.Students are frequently unable to delve(探究) deeply into concepts, essays, or articles to build full understanding in academic settings due to academic pressure and demanding and busy study schedules, especially with deadlines for reading long publications. 37.E Students can utilize ChatGPT to summarize articles, research papers, and even essays to get the main ideas of the material in a brief summary.
38.A To support students effectively, ChatGPT can be of great help because it generalizes the notes in accordance with the word limit students demand in a clear and brief manner.Studying and getting ready for exams and tests can be quite helpful.The class notes can be organized in a typed manner with only a few quick prompts, putting all the materials in one place.Students can employ straightforward prompts that list the sources that need to be compiled into the summary as well as the maximum length allowed.
Organize, create, and send emails.Students may frequently write emails, applications, or formal letters of communication to their teachers, or peers.In particular, if they have a busy academic schedule, writing such formal papers can be exceedingly time-consuming and laborious.Then ChatGPT helps. 39.G Just entering the objective, and specifying the tone students want, ChatGPT may generate a grammatically correct and formal email in a matter of seconds.
Time management and academic organization.Aside from those to help with actual academic tasks, ChatGPT can also assist students with organizing and categorizing their academic work in general.And they can use this tool more efficiently to get general guidance and recommendations on how to handle academics, such as how to organize an assignment, how to balance academic work with other interests, and so on. 40.F
A．Summarize the class notes.
B．Come up with artistic composition ideas.
C．And it could create more powerful and useful AI applications.
D．More importantly, it relies on human feedback to improve its accuracy.
E．In these cases, it might be useful in giving you a broad overview of an essay or article.
F．So ChatGPT can be used as a tool of assistance in an almost unlimited number of ways.
G．It may greatly simplify your life by writing emails or applications precisely and logically.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了如何利用新人工智能ChatGPT来帮助学生学习。
解析：
36．设空处前后都是关于ChatGPT的功能，故设空处应继续点明ChatGPT的用途，故C选项(并且它可以创造更强大、更有用的人工智能应用。)符合语境。故选C。
37．设空处后文(学生可以利用ChatGPT来总结文章，研究论文，甚至散文，以一个简短的摘要来获得材料的主要思想。)是对上文提到的一些情况的应对方法，E选项(在这些情况下，它可能会让你对一篇文章有一个广泛的概述。)承上启下，且选项中these cases指代前文“由于学术压力和繁忙的学习计划，尤其是阅读长篇出版物的截止日期，学生往往无法深入研究概念、论文或文章，以充分理解学术环境”这些情况。故选E。
38．此空为段落主题句，根据后文内容可知，主要说明要总结课堂笔记。且A选项简短，句式与其他主题句一致。故选A。
39．根据上文“Then ChatGPT helps.”可知，本句及后文是在具体说明ChatGPT是如何帮助你写电子邮件的。故G选项(精确而有逻辑地写电子邮件或应用程序可以大大简化你的生活。)符合语境。故选G。
40．本段主题是“时间管理和学术组织”，后文具体说明ChatGPT可帮助学生完成实际的学术任务，对他们的学术工作进行大致的组织和分类，获得一些关于如何处理学术问题的指导和建议。F选项(因此ChatGPT可以作为一种辅助工具以几乎无限的方式使用。)总结上文。故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·东省日照市高考一模)
A 17-year-old teenager, Anika Puri, has invented a low-cost tool to spot elephant poachers(偷猎者) in real time.She won the 2022 Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication for her model of a machine-learning-driven software that 41.A movement patterns in thermal videos of humans and elephants.“I'm especially excited by the 42.B focusing on endangered species and environmental science，” Puri said.
During a recent trip to India, Puri realized that elephants were still being 43.C for their tusks(牙)．“I was quite taken aback(吃惊)，” Puri said.“Because I always thought, ‘well, poaching is 44.D ; how come it really is still such a big 45.A ？’”
Over the next two years, Puri 46.B the software EISa(short for elephant savior)．This wildlife poacher detection solution is based on a 47.C process: an EISa camera attached to a mobile phone 48.D over a park on a drone and 49.A the movements of elephants or humans.The software is four times more 50.B than existing state-of-the-art detection methods.It also decreases the 51.C for expensive high-resolution thermal cameras.
The 17-year-old's invention has eared 52.B from notable scientists.“Puri's software is quite admirable，” says Jasper Eikelboom, an ecologist, “It's quite 53.D that a senor high school student has been able to 54.A something like this.Not only the research and the analysis, but also being able to 55.D it in the models.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了17岁的少年安妮卡·普里发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现大象偷猎者。介绍了其发明经过和科学家的看法。
41.A．analyzes B．changes
C．repeats D．draws
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她以机器学习驱动的软件模型获得了2022年佩吉·斯克里普斯科学传播奖，该软件分析了人类和大象热视频中的运动模式。根据宾语“movement patterns in thermal videos of humans and elephants”可知，“分析运动模式”符合语境。A．analyzes分析；B.changes改变；C.repeats重复；D.draws画画。故选A。
42.A．discovery B．invention
C．theory D．concept
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：普里说：“这项专注于濒危物种和环境科学的发明让我特别兴奋。”根据后文“The 17-year-old's invention”可知这是一项发明。A．discovery发现；B.invention发明；C.theory理论；D.concept概念。故选B。
43.A．trained B．protected
C．killed D．raised
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次印度之行中，普里意识到，大象仍在被猎杀以获取象牙。根据后文“for their tusks”可知，大象仍在被猎杀以获取象牙。A．trained训练；B.protected保护；C.killed杀死；D.raised筹集。故选C。
44.A．dangerous B．harmful
C．unnecessary D．illegal
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“因为我一直在想，‘嗯，偷猎是非法的；为什么这仍然是一个大问题？'”根据句子主语“poaching”(偷猎)，illegal(非法的)作表语符合语境。A．dangerous危险的；B.harmful有害的；C.unnecessary不必要的；D.illegal非法的。故选D。
45.A．issue B．business
C．burden D．effect
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。此处指非法偷猎这一问题。根据上文“poaching is illegal”可知，这是个问题。A．issue问题；B.business生意；C.burden负担；D.effect影响。故选A。
46.A．used B．created
C．downloaded D．sold
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，普里创造了软件EISa (大象救世主的缩写)。结合后文“The 17-year-old's invention”可知，这个软件是他创造的。A．used使用；B.created创造；C.downloaded下载；D.sold出售。故选B。
47.A．similar B．natural
C．simple D．gradual
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种检测野生动物偷猎者的解决方案基于一个简单的过程：一个连接在手机上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，检测大象或人类的运动。根据后文“an EISa camera attached to a mobile phone”可知，过程只需要一个连接在手机上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园，很简单。A．similar相似的；B.natural自然的；C.simple简单的；D.gradual逐渐的。故选C。
48.A．passes B．spreads
C．jumps D．flies
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据后文“over a park on a drone”可知，是无人机飞过公园。A．passes通过；B.spreads传播；C.jumps跳跃；D.flies飞。故选D。
49.A．detects B．controls
C．stops D．directs
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据后文宾语“the movements of elephants or humans”可知，“无人机检测大象或人类的活动”动宾搭配恰当，符合语境。A．detects查明；觉察；B.controls控制；C.stops停止；D.directs指导。故选A。
50.A．expensive B．accurate
C．active D．complex
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该软件比现有的最先进的检测方法准确4倍。根据前后文“The software is four times more...than existing state-of-the-art detection methods”指该软件比现有的最先进的检测方法准确4倍。A．expensive昂贵的；B.accurate精确的；C.active活跃的；D.complex复杂的。故选B。
51.A．wish B．value
C．need D．preparation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：它还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热感摄像机的需求。根据后文“for expensive high-resolution thermal cameras”可知，软件只需要无人机，即还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热感摄像机的需求。A．wish希望；B.value价值；C.need需要；D.preparation准备。故选C。
52.A．income B．praise
C．qualification D．confidence
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个17岁的发明受到了著名科学家的赞扬。根据后文“Puri's software is quite admirable”可知，发明受到了赞扬。A．income收入；B.praise赞美；C.qualification资格；D.confidence自信。故选B。
53.A．strange B．essential
C．mysterious D．remarkable
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个高中生能取得这样的成就，真是太了不起了。结合上文“Puri's software is quite admirable”可知，科学家认为他的发明是出色卓越的。A．strange奇怪的；B.essential必要的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.remarkable非凡的。故选D。
54.A．achieve B．record
C．imagine D．learn
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据后文“something like this.Not only the research and the analysis, but also being able to”指取得这样的成就。A．achieve实现；B.record记录；C.imagine想象；D.learn学习。故选A。
55.A．absorb B．repair
C．mix D．apply
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅是研究和分析，而且能够应用到模型中。根据后文“it in the models”指应用到模型中。A．absorb吸收；B.repair修理；C.mix混合；D.apply应用。故选D。
非选择题部分
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学高二阶段测试)
Chinese astronauts conducted a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth to millions of students as they orbited in the Tiangong space station.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, or Heavenly Palace Class, China's first extraterrestrial(宇宙的；外星的) lecture series 56.to popularize (popularize) space science.More lectures 57.will be held (hold) based on the country's manned spaceflights in coming days. 58.What such activities are aimed at is spreading knowledge about manned spaceflights and sparking enthusiasm for science among young people.
The crew greeted students, teachers and other 59.participants (participate). The astronauts displayed their exercise equipment and a 60.specially (special) designed spacesuit, and conducted demonstrations on physical phenomena in microgravity, such as “disappearing buoyancy(浮力)” and a “water ball”．Ye, 61.who is on his first spaceflight, showed how he rotated his body in the 62.weightless (weight) environment and answered questions from students during the lecture.
Millions of primary and middle school students across China watched 63.the hour-long televised event hosted by the China Manned Space Agency, the Ministry of Education and other government departments.Besides, a total of 1,420 64.invited (invite) students were present at “ground class venues”， with some 65.taking (take) part in video chats with the crew members during the lecture.Vincent Wong, deputy principal of Hong Kong's Pui Kiu College, said the event gave students an opportunity to communicate with the astronauts while arousing their interest in space and science.It also helped enhance their sense of national identity as they saw the rapid development of our country's space technology.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国宇航员在距离地球400公里的天宫空间站轨道上对数百万学生首次进行了“天宫课堂”科学讲座。
解析：
56．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是第一次普及太空科学的讲座。当名词被the first修饰时，用动词不定式作定语。故填to popularize。
57．考查时态和语态。句意：未来的日子里还将举办更多有关载人航天的讲座。主语More lectures与动词hold是被动关系，根据时间状语“in coming days”判断时态为一般将来时。故填will be held。
58．考查主语从句。句意：这些活动的目的是传播载人航天知识，激发年轻人对科学的热情。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，在从句中做at的宾语，指代事物，应用连接代词what。位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
59．考查名词。句意：全体成员向学生、老师和其他参训人员致意。分析句子，空处应填名词作宾语，participant“参与者”，可数名词，被other修饰用其复数。故填participants。
60．考查副词。句意：宇航员们展示他们锻炼的设备和一套特别设计的太空服，并对微重力中的物理现象进行了演示，如“浮力消失”和“水球”。空处副词修饰形容词designed。故填specially。
61．考查定语从句。句意：首次进行太空飞行的叶(光富)，展示了他如何在失重环境中旋转身体。空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词是Ye，先行词是人，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
62．考查形容词。句意：首次进行太空飞行的叶(光富)，展示了他如何在失重环境中旋转身体。结合句意可知，在太空飞行是没有引力的，所以是失重的。weightless“失重的，无重量的”。故填weightless。
63．考查冠词。句意：全国数千万学生观看了长达一小时的电视直播。此处特指宇航员们进行的那一个小时的直播，应用定冠词 the修饰名词词组hour-long televised event。故填the。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，共有1 420名受邀学生出席了“地面课堂”，部分学生在讲座期间与机组人员进行视频聊天。分析句子可知，students和动词invite之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以是被邀请，过去分词作定语。故填invited。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，共有1 420名受邀学生出席了“地面课堂”，部分学生在讲座期间与机组人员进行视频聊天。with＋宾语＋宾补，构成with的复合结构，宾语some和动词take之间形成主动关系，现在分词作宾补。故填taking。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
(2023·江苏省南京市六校联合体高二月考)
假定你是育才中学的学生李华，你校将于下周举办主题为“Science and human life”的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿参赛。内容包括：
1．科学进步与发展如何造福人类；
2．科学进步与发展存在的隐患；
3．如何看待科学与人类之间的关系。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and classmates，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening.
参考范文：
Dear teachers and classmates，
It is a great honor for me to express my opinion on the relationship between science and human life.As is known, science and technology have been bringing human beings tremendous benefits.Thanks to technology, we now live comfortably and conveniently in houses furnished with air conditioners, fridges, washing machines and so on.Besides, due to the appearance of science and technology, we can travel long distances in the fraction of a second on planes and cars.
However, there are still some disadvantages.Because of the breakthroughs in the field of medicine, people are now living much longer than they used to.As a result, the population is increasing, leading to lots of problems, such as environmental pollution.
Therefore, it is urgent that we should find some ways to cope with these problems.As long as we use science and technology in a proper way, they may bring us even more benefits.
Thank you for your listening.
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·高二东北师范大学连山实验高中阶段测试)
When school was over, the day was fading and it started to drizzle(毛毛雨)．I stood at the school gate, with a loaded backpack on my shoulders.It was Friday again: a weekend of joy with unlimited sleeping hours and dinner courses specially made to my taste, a weekend at home.I waved goodbye to my friends as they jumped into their fathers' warm and comfortable cars.Curiously, this gave rise to a disturbing feeling in me.It was not exactly what they called jealousy, but something like dismay(沮丧)．I knew all I could expect was an old bike Mom would ride along on, with the badly-oiled chain creaking(嘎吱作响) against the wheel to announce her arrival.
Every Friday when Mom came to pick me up for the weekend, it was a moment full of great expectation and great unease.I always felt my face burning as we rode our way in and out of the numerous cars and saw my friends' faces sticking out of the car windows.It was like stepping into a ballroom with beautifully dressed ladies and finding yourself in a smelly T-shirt.
To tell you the truth, Mom is quite a headache once in a while.She just looks a homely middle-aged housewife.Being a practitioner(从业者) of DIY, she knits most of my sweaters, chiefly in old styles.Whenever caught by some curious classmates asking what brand my sweaters are, I'd force a smile and reply in a half joking manner: homemade.
I couldn't remember when I started to find her such an embarrassment.As a little boy, I relied on her so much.She had been working at home, cooking in the kitchen, knitting by the lamp or riding across town to buy me a book I badly needed.It had always been much fun riding with mom.But just now there seemed to be something standing between us, something that made her so strange to me and me to her.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Today she showed up in a raincoat.____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Mom tried to cover me with the back of the raincoat again as a storm set in. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Today she showed up in a raincoat.Seeing her standing in the heavy rain with all the body wet, I finally could not control myself and shouted at her, “Why do you look so flustered I don't need you to take me home.I feel ashamed to have a mother like you！” Suddenly, Mom was shocked and silent.Maybe, she had never thought that I would have that feeling of her appearance and our home condition.She said nothing and just covered the raincoat on me.I pushed it away wildly.
Paragraph 2：
Mom tried to cover me with the back of the raincoat again as a storm set in.With a smile, she said, “Dear son, I'm trying my best to earn our living, and I'm sure that if we work harder, we will get whatever we want in the future.” Hearing her words, I felt embarrassed.I thought of the time when she knitted in the deep night and cooked for me in the early morning.Yes, she had always been doing whatever she could to make me live well.But I was still unsatisfied.I had known that if I wanted to get what others had, I should spare no efforts to study hard and get it by myself.
