UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Tu Youyou, a great chemist (药剂师) and scientist, devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.
2.I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform (制服) looked so cool.
3.It would be great to set up a platform (平台) where students from both countries can make friends and exchange thoughts and ideas.
4.We intend to wrap them in a big parcel (包裹) and post it to your school.
5.I wiped the dust (尘土) off all the furniture, and then I swept and mopped the floors.
6.Last week, our school held a chorus (合唱团) competition，the “12.9 Chorus”．
7.He just patted her back lovingly, kissed her forehead(额头)，and rushed for his office.
8.If they always follow others' choices, they are bound to live a boring and rigid (死板的) life.
9.They want to make room for housing (住房) or offices during urban construction.
10.It is suggested that all primary and secondary (中级的)schools should offer elective courses related to artificial intelligence.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.We had (have) lunch the other day at our favorite restaurant.
2.I'm dying to get (get) over my shyness!
3.He didn't allow himself to show his satisfaction, of course, not to mention (mention) to speak of it.
4.It was much more enjoyable (enjoyable) than I had expected.
5.He seemed to have been told (tell) the truth.
6.Alice stood at the window, from where she could see her classmates playing football.
7.These people deserve to make (make) more than the minimum wage.
8.He got up and dragged (drag) his chair toward the table.
9.We adapted ourselves to living (live) in the cold weather.
10.Success of a man is directly related to the choice made by himself.
Ⅲ.选词填空
the other day，a chorus of，adapt to，to be honest， make a difference，not to mention，come across， participate in
1. To be honest ，it took me more than a month to adjust to the different culture.
2.I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day .
3.Who do you know I happened to come across during my stay in Spain
4.She didn't participate in the discussion.
5.By staying connected, we can all make a difference no matter where we are in the world.
6.Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt to the Chinese language environment.
7.He has a big house and an expensive car, not to mention a villa(别墅) in France.
8.To his surprise, his proposal was greeted with a chorus of laughter.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·江苏省常熟中学高二月考)
Leaving our hostel in the centre of Phnom Penh, we climb inside our small Tuk Tuk cabin attached to the back of Kiwi's motorbike; a bottle of water in one hand and a surgeon-style mask in the other we set off on our 45-minute commute.It is a familiar start to the day for me and two other volunteers.We are setting out to work in an orphanage just outside Cambodia's capital city.
The morning rush hour in Phnom Penh is crowded and chaotic.Kiwi directs our path between the trucks, 4×4 Lexus' and countless motorbikes, which often carry entire families.We reach the dusty highway, masks and sunshades firmly in place to protect our eyes and lungs.A mixture of concrete buildings and huts exist along the side of the road among a sea of rubbish.The residents often smile and wave as we pass by.
We turn onto a farm track.The last part of our journey is a roller coaster, jumping out of potholes(路面坑洼) and turning to avoid falling off the sinking road.We pass huts on stilts(木桩), skinny cows and farm yards where children jump and scream upon seeing us.The stream along the side of the road is almost bone dry and vegetation is rare across the fields.
Finally we arrive at our destination: the oasis(令人快慰的地方) is Samrong Farm.By the gates, a group of 10-year-old children compete in the area of marbles.We're greeted by the shouts of “Cha, cha(short for ‘teacher’)！” from several other kids gathering round.As we climb out of our vehicle, the sun is already hot and the oasis is as dry as the fields surrounding it.In such conditions you would imagine life to be hard, but you wouldn't know it to see the warm smiles and hear the laughter of the residents at Samrong Orphanage.
Compared to children in the Western World they have little and yet they give so much in generosity of spirit and enthusiasm for every day.Despite the journey, it is so good to arrive at work in the morning.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己在金边做志愿者的经历，且主要讲的是从他们所住的旅店到他们所工作的孤儿院的一段45分钟旅程的所见所闻。
1.Where was the author going A
A．To Samrong Orphanage.
B．To the oasis of Samrong.
C．To the capital of Cambodia.
D．To the centre of Phnom Penh.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“We are setting out to work in an orphanage just outside Cambodia's capital city.(我们开始在柬埔寨首都城外的一家孤儿院工作。)”和第四段“Finally we arrive at our destination: the oasis (令人快慰的地方) is Samrong Farm.(最后我们到达目的地：令人快慰的地方是桑荣农场。)”可知，作者他们去的地方是桑荣农场孤儿院，Samrong Orphanage。故选A。
2.What word can be used to describe Kiwi B
A．Disciplined. B．Confident.
C．Devoted. D．Ambitious.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“The morning rush hour in Phnom Penh is crowded and chaotic.Kiwi directs our path between the trucks, 4×4 Lexus' and countless motorbikes, which often carry entire families.(金边市的早高峰拥挤而混乱。Kiwi在卡车、4×4雷克萨斯和无数摩托车之间指引我们的道路，这些摩托车通常载着整个家庭。)”可以看出，Kiwi开着嘟嘟车在拥挤的交通中间穿行，毫不畏惧，由此说明Kiwi很自信。故选B。
3.What did they see along the farm track C
A．Dry bones.
B．Shy children.
C．Almost bare fields.
D．A roller coaster beside it.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The stream along the side of the road is almost bone dry and vegetation is rare across the fields.(沿着路边的小溪几乎干涸，田野的植被稀疏。)”可知，沿着农场的路边几乎是光秃秃的田野。故选C。
4.What can we learn from the story A
A．Enthusiasm of the children.
B．Comfort of riding a motorbike.
C．Beauty of working in the morning.
D．Pleasure of being in a different culture.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句 (在这样的条件下，你能想象到生活会很艰难，但你不会知道，会看到Samrong Orphanage居民温暖的笑容，听到他们的笑声。)和最后一段第一句 (与西方世界的孩子相比，他们拥有的很少，但他们每天都以慷慨的精神和热情给予很多。)可知，作者提到孩子们在贫穷的环境中仍然快乐，笑声不断，精神上慷慨富足，体现出孩子们对待生活的热情。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·河北省张家口市高二期中)
True love is happiness.True love is sharing your world with your dearest.How do you turn friendship into love Is there a fine line between the two 1.E
Be considerate and thoughtful towards the person.
Whatever the situation is, put yourself in your friends' shoes.If they are in trouble, help them out. 2.C If they are sad, be a shoulder to cry on.Nobody doesn't like to be close friends with a considerate and thoughtful person.
3.B
If you're really good friends with some people, go into town to catch a coffee, invite them for walks, or just invite them to your house for a bit of a catch-up.The possibilities are endless.Just make sure you know them well enough to feel comfortable having deep conversations and sharing your world with them.You don't want them to be creeped out(爬出) with your sudden eagerness and interest.
Help them out once in a while.
4.G If they're having a bit of crisis in work, let them believe in you.If they're having problems with family and friends, give good and sensible advice.The bottom line is to be caring.
Be caring and friendly.
Try not to have any arguments, even though they can easily happen.Don't ever cheat and always look your best for them. 5.D
A．Make eye contacts with them.
B．Spend plenty of time with them.
C．If they are happy, be happy with them.
D．Respect them and be friendly to them.
E．Here is a simple guide to seeking true love.
F．Have opinions, express your views and be a real friend.
G．If they're struggling at school, go over a few topics with them.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。介绍了四条找到真正友谊的方法。
解析：
1．根据设空前的两个问题可知，下面要对问题进行回答。结合下文的小标题，设空处为文章主题句，总领下文，文章介绍了四条找到真正友谊的方法。E项(这里有一个寻找真爱的简单指南。)符合语境，引出下文。故选E。
2．C项(如果他们快乐，和他们一起快乐。)句式与前后文一致，并列三个if引导的状语从句，是排比句。选项中If they are happy与后文If they are sad情况对应，且选项中they指代前文中的friends。故选C。
3．设空处是小标题，通读全段文字以及第一句(如果你和某些人是很好的朋友，那就去镇上喝杯咖啡，邀请他们散步，或者只是邀请他们到你家聊聊天。)可知，本段主要讲多和好友相处。B项(花大量的时间和他们在一起。)符合语境。故选B。
4．根据空处与空后句式可知，这是三个排比句。根据小标题Help them out once in a while.(偶尔帮帮他们。)可知，三个排比句说明在三种情况下该如何去帮助朋友。G项(如果他们在学校学习不好，和他们讨论一些话题。)符合语境。故选G。
5．根据小标题Be caring and friendly.(关心他人，友好待人。)以及“Try not to have any arguments, even though they can easily happen.Don't ever cheat and always look your best for them.(尽量不要有任何争吵，即使它们很容易发生。永远不要欺骗他们，在他们面前总是展现你最好的一面。)”可知，末段讲述要关心和对朋友友好。D项(尊重他们，对他们友好。)符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 1.falling (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell.The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
2.The Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident, Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell 3.asleep (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 4.to see (see) them.When he looked down, he 5.accidentally (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.He hung on for a few minutes 6.and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 7.was fixing (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly 8.threw (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
“He saved my 9.son's (son) life，” said Mrs.Brown.“I don't know 10.how to thank him.”
“I just didn't want the boy to be hurt，” said Henry.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到一个小孩吊在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了一百米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，他伸出双臂接住了坠落的孩子。句中held out为谓语动词，设空处用非谓语动词。fall意为“掉落”位于名词child之前作定语。且child和fall之间是主动关系，表示正在进行。故用现在分词作定语。 故填falling。
2．考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。“The＋姓氏”意为“某某一家人”，位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
3．考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。fall asleep意为“睡觉”。故填asleep。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。pushed 和 climbed up为谓语动词，故设空处为非谓语动词，根据句意可知，用不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
5．考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，他不小心滑倒了，摔下了悬崖。根据句子结构，设空处应用副词修饰动词slipped。accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”。故填accidentally。
6．考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫着喊他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到。根据句子结构，设空处应填连词，连接 hung on for a few minutes 和screamed for his father 两个动作。故填and。
7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处为谓语动词。根据空后的“when he heard the screams”可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，描述的是过去的事实。故用过去进行时。主语是Henry，故用第三人称单数形式。故填was fixing。
8．考查时态。句意：他赶紧把工具扔到一边，伸开双臂跑了起来。根据句子结构可知，设空处和started 构成并列谓语，故应使用一般过去时。故填threw。
9．考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。故填son's。
10．考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处为特殊疑问词＋to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how符合句意。故填how。(共107张PPT)
UNIT 4 SHARING
单元话题导读
课前自主预习
课内要点探究
单元核心素养
随堂达标验收
百科知识
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
背景介绍
志愿工作具有志愿性、无偿性、公益性、组织性四大特征。参与志愿工作是在帮助他人、服务社会，同时也是在传递爱心、传播文明。志愿服务可以有效地拉近人与人之间的心灵距离，减少疏远感，对缓解社会矛盾和促进社会稳定有一定的积极作用。
With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to do volunteer work.However, its benefits can be enormous.Volunteering offers vital help to people in need and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.
Helping others can help protect your mental and physical health.It can reduce stress, keep you mentally stimulated and provide a sense of purpose.While it is true that the more you volunteer, the more benefits you'll have, volunteering doesn't have to take a huge amount of time out of your busy day.
One of the most well-known benefits of volunteering is the impact on the community.Volunteering allows you to connect with your community and makes it a better place.Even helping out with the smallest tasks can make a real difference to the lives of people, animals, and organizations in need.And volunteering is a two-way street: it can benefit you and your family as much as the cause you choose to help.Devoting your time to volunteering helps you make new friends, expand your network, and boost your social skills.
Volunteering helps reduce the effects of stress, anger, and anxiety.Social contacts with others can have a profound effect on your overall psychological well-being.Nothing relieves stress better than a meaningful connection to another person.
Volunteering helps you stay physically health.Studies have found that those who volunteer have a lower death rate than those who do not.Older volunteers tend to walk more, so they are less likely to develop high blood pressure, and have bette thinking skills.
If you're considering a new career, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field.Even if you're not planning on changing careers, volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice important skills used in the workplace.You might feel it more comfortable to stretch your wings at work once you've gained these skills in a volunteer position first.
Since volunteering is so good for us, for others and for the whole society, why don't we try our best to do it？If every one of us gives our love to others, the world will become much better!
1．What does the author think of volunteering？____
A．It can make a community more convenient.
B．It can just deal with those small tasks.
C．It can be called a win-win opportunity.
D．It can take up too much of our tinte.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，志愿工作不但对社会有重大影响，而且可以让你和你的家人受益，可以帮助你结交新朋友，扩大你的人际网络，还可以提高你的社会能力，由此可知这是一个双赢的机会。故选C。
C
2．What are the benefits of doing volunteer work for older volunteer
_______________________________________________________________________________
解析：根据倒数第三段中的“Older volunteers tend to walk more, so they are less likely to develop high blood pressure, and have better thinking skills.”可知答案。
He/She couldn't easily suffer from high blood pressure and has a sharp mind.
词海拾贝
stimulate vt.刺激；鼓励；激励
devote...to... 把……用于……
expand v．扩大，增加；扩展
美句欣赏
While it is true that the more you volunteer, the more benefits you'll have, volunteering doesn't have to take a huge amount of time out of your busy day.(Para.2)
译文：虽然你做志愿(活动)越多就会得到越多的好处是事实，但志愿工作不必让你从忙碌的一天中抽出大量的时间。
百科知识
无国界医生(Doctors without Borders，缩写是MSF)于1971年12月20日在巴黎成立，是一个由各国专业医学人员组成的国际性的医疗人道救援组织，也是全球最大的独立人道医疗救援组织之一。
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1. _________ n．包裹 vt.裹好；打包
2. ______ n．果酱；堵塞
3. _______ n．邮件；信件；邮政 vt.邮寄；发电邮给
4. _______ n．黏土；陶土
5. _________ n．合唱曲；合唱团 vt.合唱；齐声说
6. _________ n．棉布；棉花
7. _________ n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片
parcel
jam
mail
clay
chorus
cotton
tablet
8. _________ n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
9. ___________ n．洗手间；厕所
10. ________ adj.死板的；固执的
11. _______ n．管子；管状物
12. _________ n．马戏团
13. __________ n．化学家；药剂师；药房
14. ________ vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
15. ______ n．颌；下巴
rubber
washroom
rigid
tube
circus
chemist
shade
jaw
16. __________vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹
17. ___________ n．额；前额
18. ___________ n．平台；站台；舞台
19. _________ n．茶碟；杯托
20. _________ n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶
21. ______ n．平底锅；烤盘
22. _______ adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
23. _______vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移
wrinkle
forehead
platform
saucer
kettle
pan
ripe
drag
B)词形转换
1. ____________ adj.中学的；次要的→ ______________ adv.在第二，其次，在第二位
2. _______ n．沙土；灰土 vi.& vt.擦灰→ ________ adj.布满灰尘的
3. _______ n．杂草；野草 vi.& vt.除杂草→ _________n.除草者
4. _______ n．沙土；灰土 vi.& vt.擦灰→ ________ adj.布满灰尘的
5. __________ n．住房；住宅→ ________ v．给……提供住房；收藏；安置
secondary
secondarily
dust
dusty
weed
weeder
dust
dusty
housing
house
Ⅱ.高频短语
1. ________________ 受……欢迎
2. _______________ 仅次于
3. _____________________ 国内外
4. ______________________ 渴望做某事
5. ___________ 适合
6. ______________________ 充分利用
7. ______________ 齐声；异口同声
8. _________________ 更不用说；且不说
be greeted by
secondary to
at home and abroad
be dying to do sth.
adapt to
get the most out of
a chorus of
not to mention
9．be relevant to ____________
10．participate in _____________
11．upside down _____________
12．up to _________________________________________________
13．dry out ______________
和……相关
参加
颠倒的
一直到；相当于；忙于……，在做……；由……决定的
变干
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．The other day I ______________ the boys a chemistry experiment _______，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做一个化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就冒出试管，溅了一地。
2．Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, ___________ ___________________, Tombe.
上周末，我第一次去了一个偏远的村庄，那里住着我们的一个学生，汤贝。
was showing
when
home to one
of our students
3．Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain _____________ we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
另一个老师和我走了两个半小时到那儿——我们先爬上山，在那儿欣赏了优美的风景，然后沿一条荫蔽的小路到了下面的山谷。
4．I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, ______________ I could not participate much in the conversation.
我喜欢听他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能过多地加入他们的谈话。
from where
even though
5．Later, I noticed a can ______________________________________ ____________.
后来，我注意一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
standing upside down on the grill over the
fire
Ⅳ.课文解读
Step 1 Fast-reading
1．What's the main idea of the passage ____
A．Jo went to a bush school to visit friends.
B．Introduction of a bush school.
C．Introduction of Tombe's home in the village.
D．Jo's experience as a volunteer in the bush.
D
2．Read the passage and match the main idea of each part. ______
Part 1(Para.1) A．Jo and another teacher visited Tombe's home in the village.
Part 2(Paras.2－3) B．Getting mail from home made Jo feel nice.
Part 3(Paras.4－8) C．The school where Jo worked and Jo's work at school.
BCA
Step 2 Careful reading
(Ⅰ)Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．It took Jo about 5 weeks to get her mail from her home.( )
2．All the students live very close to the school.( )
3．Jo has to carry water from the basin in her house if she needs it to do experiment in school.( )
4．Jo could barely understand Tombe's family talking during her visit.( )
F
F
T
T
(Ⅱ) Choose the best answer.
1．The purpose of the author in writing the blog is ____.
A．to tell us her teaching life in the bush school as a volunteer
B．to tell us her learning life in the bush school as a volunteer
C．to tell us that she couldn't get any money by teaching the poor students
D．to tell us how happy she was in the small village
A
2．In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they ____.
A．were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B．couldn't stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C．didn't like doing chemistry experiments
D．knew chemistry was not relevant to them
A
3．Which of the descriptions is NOT true about Tombe's house ____
A．It was a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof.
B．It was dark and there was a fireplace in the centre of it.
C．It was low and round，with no windows and a big doorway.
D．There were only a few possessions in it.
C
4．By writing “The only possessions I could see were...”， the author wants to tell us ____.
A．Tombe's family were kind-hearted
B．Tombe's family were guest-lovers
C．Tombe's family only used simple things
D．Tombe's family were very poor
5．How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombe's family ____
A．Happy. B．Sad.
C．Worried. D．Upset.
D
A
课内要点探究
1.secondary adj.中学的；次要的
重点单词
D?典型例句
Raising animals was only secondary to other forms of farming.
与其他农业生产相对而言，动物饲养只是副业。
More than five thousand secondary school students have been expelled for cheating.
5 000多名中学生因为作弊被开除。
S?思维拓展
secondary to sth. 仅次于……
secondary teachers 中学教师
the secondary curriculum中学课程
secondarily adv.在第二，其次，在第二位
second adv.以第二名；以第二位；(用于列举)第二，其次；n.秒(时间单位)；片刻；瞬间；秒(角度单位)
J?即学即练
完成句子
①That is just ____________________________.
那只不过是次要的因素。
②Experience is what matters─age is __________________________.
重要的是经验——年龄是次要的。
a secondary consideration
of secondary importance
单句语法填空
③Their clothing is primarily functional and only ____________ (secondary) decorative.
④These patients had been operated on for the primary cancer but there was evidence of ____________(second) tumours.
⑤It only takes me forty __________(second) to finish reading this text.
⑥Appearance and style should be ____________(second) to comfort and function.
secondarily
secondary
seconds
secondary
2.shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
D?典型例句
There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
那儿没有树荫，因为那些树不超过三英尺高。
She raised her body to shade her child from being hurt.
她用身体护住了孩子，使其免遭伤害。
S?思维拓展
in the shade(of...)在(……的)阴凉处
shade...from/against...为……挡住……
put sb./sth. in the shade使某人或事物黯然失色；使相形见绌
I tried hard but her work put mine in the shade.
我费了很大力气，但我的成果与她的相比就相形见绌了。
Y?易混辨析
shade与shadow
shade “阴凉处”，指光线照射不到的地方，是一个空间概念
shadow “阴暗处，影子”，指某物/人在光线照射下的投影，是一个平面概念
J?即学即练
选词填空(shade/shadow)
①Some villagers were resting themselves in the ________.
②She was frightened to death when she saw the _________ of a man in the window.
单句语法填空
③We sat _____ the shade and observed ants carry food in the yard.
④Everybody sits and waits in the shade _____ the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.
⑤I had to wear my sunglasses to shade my eyes _______ the light.
shade
shadow
in
of
from
3.drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi. 缓慢而费力地移动
D?典型例句
The girl in low spirits dragged a big box to the station.
那个情绪低落的女孩拖着大箱子朝车站走去。
The man dragged his tired feet home.
这个男人拖着沉重的步子回家。
S?思维拓展
drag on过得很慢；拖沓地进行
drag oneself out of bed硬撑着从床上爬起来
drag sb.into doing sth.硬拉某人做某事
You'd better not drag him into climbing the mountain.
你最好别硬拉他去爬山。
Y?易混辨析
drag，pull与draw
drag 费力缓慢而艰难地拉、拖较重的物体
pull 朝一定方向拉，可指突然急速地拉，但不强调力的大小
draw 从容地拉、拖，也用于吸引注意力等
Q?巧学助记
He was dragging a heavy box.
他正吃力地拖着一个沉重的箱子。
The injured tiger dragged itself forward.
受伤的老虎缓慢前行。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①He arrived at school early in the morning, ___________ (drag)his heavy instrument case across the campus.
②Once she starts playing a video game, she can't drag __________ (her) away from it.
③He hated parties; we had to drag him into ________(go)．
④When we are waiting for someone，the hours dragged _____.
dragging
herself
going
on
4.privilege n．优惠待遇；特权
D?典型例句
It is a privilege to work with you.
与你合作是一种殊荣。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)I feel much privileged to invite you to our program for a live talk show.
我很荣幸邀请您参加我们的节目，参加现场脱口秀。
S?思维拓展
(1)have the privilege of doing/to do sth.有做某事的特权或荣幸
It's a/one's privilege to do sth.做某事是特权或荣幸。
(2)privilege vt.给予……特权，有特权
(3)privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的
be privileged to do sth. 荣幸地做某事
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①I'll feel _____________(privilege) to be your guide during the visit.
②It'll be our great privilege ____________(benefit) from your expertise in health care.
完成句子
③ ________________________________ here, sharing this moment with our fellow friends from Germany.
我很荣幸在这里与来自德国的朋友们分享这一时刻。
privileged
to benefit
It's my great privilege to be
1.be dying to do极想做，渴望做
重点短语
D?典型例句
We're dying to visit Hainan Island, located in the south of China.
我们非常想去位于中国南部的海南岛。
They are dying to take possession of the bakery.
他们渴望拥有那家面包店。
S?思维拓展
(1)“渴望做某事”的其他表达法：
be thirsty for.../to do...
be eager for.../to do...
be anxious for.../to do...
long for.../long to do...
be dying for...
(2)die of/from sth.死于……
die away(声、光、风)渐弱，逐渐消失
die down(火、暴风雨、光)渐弱，平息，渐息
die out完全消失，灭绝
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①After being away from home for a long time, she was dying ______ home.
②I'm dying ___________(drink) a glass of water.
③How many millions of years ago did this predatory dinosaur live, and when did it die _______？
④400 people a year die _____ this disease on average.
⑤I have been longing __________(play) golf with you since we last met.
for
to drink
out
of
to play
补全句子
⑥The prime minister _______________________(渴望) get rid of the violence in his country.
is dying/eager/anxious to
2.(be) up to做；忙于；从事于；多达；达到(数量/规格)；胜任；直到……为止；取决于，由……决定；是……的责任
D?典型例句
(2023·全国乙卷)I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
为了在10分钟的时间内拍摄，我走了四个小时的路。
Up to now, the merchant is so occupied that he hasn't been to the monument.
到目前为止，这个商人一直很忙，还没去过纪念碑。
What are you up to this weekend if the press conference is cancelled
如果记者招待会取消了，这个周末你打算做什么？
It is up to the government to cut taxes.
削减税收取决于政府。
John is not up to the job. Meanwhile, Tom has the capacity to do it well.
约翰无法胜任这份工作。相比之下，汤姆有能力做好它。
S?思维拓展
be up to doing sth.胜任做某事；正在忙于做某事
be up to sb.由某人决定
be up to sb. to do sth.由某人决定做某事
up to now到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)
up to date最新式的；现代的
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Up _____ now, the result should have been declared.
②The news you told me was out of date but you thought it was up _____ date.
③It's up _____ you whether we accept the present or not.
④Some study rooms are for 2～3 people and others can hold up _____ 6～8 people.
to
to
to
to
补全句子
⑤ ___________________________(达到两百人) withdrawing from the village were in danger.
⑥The statistics in this telephone directory are _____________(最新的)．
⑦ _________________(这取决于你) to negotiate the deal.
Up to two hundred people
up to date
It's up to you
3.not to mention更不用说；且不说
D?典型例句
He doesn't even love his own children, not to mention others.
他连自己的孩子都不爱，更不要说别人了。
Ade is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete.
艾德既英俊又聪明，而且是个好运动员。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a heart disease.
对于小孩子来说，跑道似乎非常长，更不用说患有心脏病的孩子了。
S?思维拓展
(1)“更不用说”的其他表达法：
to say nothing of/not to speak of/needless to say/much less/let alone
(2)其他常见的to do作插入语
to be honest/frank/brief诚实/坦率/简单地说
to tell the truth实话说
to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是
to begin with首先
to conclude总之
to sum up总之
to put it another way换种说法
to put it simply简单地说
J?即学即练
完成句子
① _______________________________，I don't quite agree with you.
坦白地说，我不太同意你的意见。
② ____________________, you are not yet qualified for the job.
老实说，你还不能胜任这个工作。
③ ________________________, we've achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder.
总之，我们取得了不少成绩，但还需要进一步努力。
To be frank/To speak frankly
To tell the truth
To sum up/To conclude
一句多译
这种动物在世界任何地方都是罕见的更不用说在中国了。
④This kind of animal is rare anywhere in the world, let alone/much less in China.
＝This kind of animal is rare anywhere in the world, _______________ ____________________ in China.
＝This kind of animal is rare anywhere in the world, _______________ _____________________ in China.
not to
mention/needless to say
to say nothing
of/not to speak of
4.adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应……
D?典型例句
As a marine biologist, he must adapt to life at sea.
作为一名海洋生物学家，他必须适应海上生活。
I have adapted myself to this profession, afraid of nothing.
我已经适应了这个职业，无所畏惧。
S?思维拓展
(1)adapt oneself to使自己适应……
adapt... to do...调整……以做……
(2)adapt...from根据……改编……
adapt...for把……改写/改编成……
be adapted from由……改编
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①What kind of difficulty will Mary and her sister have adapting _____ the new environment
②The new film is said to be adapted _______ a novel by Jane Austen.
补全句子
③If you're outgoing, it is very easy for you ______________(适应) the new environment while studying abroad.
to
from
to adapt to
5.be relevant to与……有关
D?典型例句
The foundation of the organization was not directly relevant to charity.
这个组织的成立与慈善事业没有直接关系。
S?思维拓展
“与……有关”的其他表达：
be related to
be linked to/with
be involved in
be associated/connected with
have something to do with
In this country near the equator, much of the crime is related to drug abuse.
在这个靠近赤道的国家，许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①In the exams, make sure that everything you write is relevant _____ the questions you have been asked.
②I don't think what he said is __________(relate) to what we are discussing.
③Exposure to the sun too much is closely linked __________ skin cancer.
④I have nothing to do _______ the accident，which was caused by his carelessness.
to
related
to/with
with
6.make a difference有影响，起(重要)作用
D?典型例句
Tomorrow they will set sail for the United States for further study, which will make a big difference to their life.
明天他们将启程前往美国继续深造，这将对他们的人生有重大影响。
(2021·浙江卷)“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference，” David Bond says.
“仅仅在户外再待5分钟就会有所改变，”大卫·邦德说。
S?思维拓展
make a big/a lot of difference (to)(对……)有很大的影响/作用
make some/no difference (to)(对……)有些影响/没有作用
make all the difference (to)(对……)关系重大/有很大影响
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①It makes no difference _____ me whether you come or not.
②A few kind words at the right time make all the _____________ (different)．
补全句子
③Whether his charity really _____________________(产生影响) to the world, only time will tell.
to
difference
makes a difference
1.The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做一个化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就冒出试管，溅了一地。
重点句型
J?句式分析
(1)本句为“was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时”句式，意为“正在做……就在这时……”；when为并列连词，意为“正在这时”。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home.
我正在写作业，这时妈妈回家了。
The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.
孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。
S?思维拓展
be about to do...when...(某人)正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when...刚做完……正在这时……
I was about to go out when Tom came in.
我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。
She had just washed all clothes when her son fell into a pond.
她刚洗完所有的衣服，这时她的儿子掉进了一个小池塘。
(2)本句中before用作连词，意思是“在……之前；还没来得及……就”。
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
不要高兴得过早。(如意算盘别打得太早。)
Before she could move，she heard a great noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room.
不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。
S?思维拓展
before还可以用于：
(1)It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。
It will be five years before I come back.
我五年后才能回来。
(2)如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不久就……”。
It won't be long before they understand each other.
他们不久就会互相了解的。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.
不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。
(3)“趁……(还没有)”之意。
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
Do it before you forget it.
趁早动手，以免忘了。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①She had just finished her homework _______ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
②The girl had hardly rung the bell ______________ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
when
before/when
完成句子
③I _______________ give up _______ my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
当我正想要放弃的时候，我爸爸过来鼓励我继续下去。
④I was on my way to the bookstore and __________________ the green light at a crossing _______ a girl was knocked down by a passing car.
在去书店的路上，我正在十字路口等绿灯，突然一个小女孩被一辆过往车辆撞倒了。
was about to
when
was waiting for
when
⑤There are still many problems to be solved _______ we ____________ a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前还有很多问题需要解决。
⑥She _____________________ about 3,000 words before she came to China.
来到中国之前，她已经学习了大约3 000个单词。
before
are ready for
had learned/learnt
2.Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, home to one of our students, Tombe.
上周末，我第一次去了一个偏远的村庄，那里住着我们的一个学生，汤贝。
J?句式分析
home to one of our students作 a remote village的同位语，Tombe作one of our students的同位语。
S?思维拓展
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。
Mr.Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开；如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他告诉我他的哥哥约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr.James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。
J?即学即练
完成句子
① __________________are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
②Yesterday ____________________________________.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
We Chinese people
I met Tom, a friend of my brother's
3.Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
另一个老师和我走了两个半小时到那儿——我们先爬上山，在那儿欣赏了优美的风景，然后沿一条荫蔽的小路到了下面的山谷。
J?句式分析
(1)句子结构分析：
(2)句中的from where we had fantastic views为定语从句，引导词为from where，为“介词＋关系副词”结构。此结构中的where根据情况可换为when。该结构中的介词可用from，by，since等。
I have bought that house，from where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.
我买下了那栋房子，从房子那儿可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美景。
Our family came to Shenzhen and settled in 1985，since when we have lived there.
我们家1985年来到深圳定居，从此我们一直住在那儿。
M?名师点津
from which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。
J?即学即练
完成句子
①China is the birth place of kites, ____________ kite-flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡，风筝从那里传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
②The car stopped suddenly only a few inches ____________ I stood.
那辆小汽车就在离我站的地方仅几英寸处忽然停下了。
from where
from where
③She went to America two years ago, ____________ I haven't heard from her any more.
她两年前去了美国，自那以后我再也没收到她的来信。
④The baby is due in May, _________ the new house will have been finished.
孩子的预产期是五月份，那时新房子应该竣工了。
since when
by when
4.I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation.
我喜欢听家人用他们的语言轻声交谈，尽管我不能过多地参与交谈。
J?句式分析
even though“即使；尽管”，在此句中引导让步状语从句，相当于even if。
S?思维拓展
(1)本句是一个主从复合句，其中even though用来引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使”，相当于even if。若主句与从句皆表示将来的情况， even if/though引导的从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。
We have decided to visit the museum even if/though it rains tomorrow.
即使下雨，我们也决定明天去参观博物馆。
Don't quit English even if/though you are not interested in it.
即使你对它不感兴趣，也不要放弃英语。
(2)让步状语从句引导词还有：
·常用引导词：though, although, 疑问词＋ever, no matter＋疑问词
·特殊引导词：as(从句必须倒装), while(一般用在句首)
No matter how/However they slander us, we will never give in.
不管他们怎样诽谤我们，我们决不让步。
Hard as/though he studies, he makes little progress.
＝While he studies hard, he makes little progress.
尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
J?即学即练
完成句子
①Nowadays, _______________________________________________, tourists are more interested in self-driving tours.
现在，虽然旅游公司提供优质服务，但是游客们对自驾游更感兴趣。
② ___________________________, he'll not let out the secret.
即使知道这个秘密，他也不会泄露的。
even if/though the travel company offers good service
Even if/though he knows it
5.Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.
后来，我注意到一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
J?句式分析
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构，standing upside down on the grill over the fire 为现在分词短语作宾语补足语；常用于本结构的感官动词有notice，see，hear, feel, find等。
We were so happy that we didn't notice the water rising.
我们如此高兴以至于没注意到水位在上升。
I looked over my shoulder and saw the lady holding the quilt tightly.
我越过肩头看到那个女士正紧紧地抱着棉被。
Suddenly, I found myself facing a difficult situation.
突然，我发现我自己正面临着一个困难的处境。
J?即学即练
完成句子
①From inside the store, I could ______________________________.
从商店里面，我可以看到外面的人们正匆匆走过。
②I _____________________ there alone in the room at that time.
那时我注意到他正独自坐在房间里。
③The driver _______________________ in a big morass.
司机发现自己被困在一个巨大的泥潭里。
see the people outside rushing by
noticed him sitting
found himself trapped
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.They _________(拖，拽) the fallen tree to clear of the road.
2.Do you want to eat this __________(剩下的) pizza for dinner
3．The lines on her __________(前额) had deepened.
4．He paced nervously up and down on the __________(月台)．
5．The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to _________(起皱纹)．
6．This kind of silk clothing should be dried in the _______(阴凉处)．
dragged
leftover
forehead
platform
wrinkle
shade
7．You must collect the ______(邮件) in person and take along some form of identification.
8．I am going to take the ______(包裹) to the post office this afternoon.
9．The report __________(值得) careful consideration.
10．I had the ___________(特权) of meeting the queen.
mail
parcel
deserves
privilege
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The famous _________(chemistry) won the Nobel Prize.
2.We are waiting for the first crops to _______(ripe)．
3.Clean the _______(dust) windows before you move out.
4.Employers are being encouraged to hire __________(disable) workers.
5.We haven't received his _____________(resign) yet.
6.Poor _________(house) and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.
7.His suggestion deserves ____________________________(discuss)．
chemist
ripen
dusty
disabled
resignation
housing
discussing/to be discussed
8.Everything there is made ____ bamboo.
9.We have gradually adapted ___________ to the hot weather.
10.Your age shouldn't make any difference ____ whether you get the job or not.
of
ourselves
to
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.She went to see a doctor on Monday, _________________________.
她星期一去看了医生，从那时起她的病情好转了。(介词＋关系副词)
2. _______________________________ a stranger with a smile came up to me.
我正在公园里散步，这时一个微笑着的陌生人向我走来。(be doing ...when...)
since when she's been better
I was walking in the park when
3.Tombe's father, Mukap, ______________________________________ _______, led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through and _____________________________.
汤贝的父亲穆卡普下巴结实，额头布满皱纹，他带我们去了他的房子，那是一间低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，只有一扇刚好能让人通过的门，屋顶上还长着草。(同位语， with复合结构)
4. ____________________________________,the old lady was worried.
尽管老人脸上挂着微笑，老太太却很担心。(even though)
5. ________________________________________.
我注意到她在催促他采取行动。(notice＋宾语＋宾补)
a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled
forehead
with grass sticking out of
the roof
Even though the man had a smile on his face
I noticed her urging him to take action
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
I am volunteering in a bush school and I have adapted myself ______ the hard conditions here, though I doubt ___________ I'm making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. Every day when I arrive at school，I ____________ (greet) by a chorus of “good morning”from the students.
1.to
2.whether
3.am greeted
_______ other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment ________ the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube ____________(spill) everywhere! The boys were so frightened. Last weekend I made my first visit to Tombe's house. It was dark inside and it took some time for our eyes _____________(adjust). We _______(eat) inside the hut sitting round the fire and talking. ___________(luck), Tombe interpreted for us. After the meal, the leftover food was dried out in a can and thrown out.
We left the village the next morning after many good-byes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching as we dragged ______________(we) down the mountain towards home.
4.The
5.when
6.spilling
7.to adjust
8.ate
9.Luckily
10.ourselvesUNIT 4 Section Ⅱ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The most beautiful tourist attraction (attract) in China is the West Lake.
2.He was very confused (confuse) about the result of the exam.
3.I believe he will give up the bad habit.
4.Most importantly (importance), everyone should have a positive attitude.
5.That's all for my introduction (introduce)．
6.Students of various cultures can communicate with each other.
7.(2020·天津高考)Nothing can be achieved (achieve) without dedication and frustration.
8.I am terribly (terrible) sorry to have you waiting for such a long time.
Ⅱ.判断下文中黑体部分的短语类型
1.Large-scale production of the vaccine will start in September.( NP )
2.Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students.( NP )
3.All the students shout loudly and happily.( AdvP )
4.If you can join us, we will be very happy.( Adjp )
5.More than 5,800 Americans gave up their citizenship in the first six months of 2020.( PrepP )
6.You can get through this difficult period.( VP )
7.I'm writing to invite you to join us in a visit to the oiled paper umbrella factory.( PrepP )
8.I won a prize for creative writing in a city-level competition last year.( VP )
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022·全国乙卷)
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn，N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful.Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons，and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals：foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了Dorothy Wickenden写的一部书的主要内容：两个富裕家庭长大的女孩子去落基山脉的一个村落当老师，她们住在当地人的家里，和他们一样过着艰辛的生活。
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains A
A．To teach in a school.
B．To study American history.
C．To write a book.
D．To do sightseeing.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families...traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.”可知， Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了到一所学校教学。故选A。
2.What can we learn about the girls from Paragraph 3 D
A．They enjoyed much respect.
B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids.
D．They suffered severe hardships.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，他们和当地的一户人家一起生活，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来的时候，被子上都是雪。有时候他们早上到学校后，发现孩子们冻得直哭。春天，雪被泥取代。由此可推知，他们在那里受了很多苦。故选D。
3.Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising C
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”可知，书中描述的惊险的部分应是在落基山脉修建铁路的过程。故选C。
4.What is the text B
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In Wickenden's book, she expanded”和“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”以及最后一段的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.”可知，本文是一篇书评，介绍名为Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的一本书。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·辽宁省锦州市高三月考)
I have used this idea a few times.Sending someone flowers, without signing the card or 1.C in any way who they are from, is funny and amazing.The most 2.B part of this act is that the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 3.D who might send the flowers.
I 4.C clearly the first time I did this.The intention was just to make Roy smile, but I did not add my 5.D on the blessing card.He had a warm heart though he was not good at talking.When I was new, he gave me lots of 6.B about my work and did all that he can to help me through my 7.A years.I 8.A to get his birthday from colleagues with some effort.I just wanted him to know he was thought about.The 9.B of not signing the card was beyond expectation.
The whole office started to talk about Roy's flowers as everyone tried to find out the 10.C .He himself also joined the 11.B of the searching team.He 12.C his shyness and made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.
Roy 13.B found out it was me.The surprised smile on his face suggested that he didn't 14.A I would send him flowers.But he still expressed his 15.D for my flowers and card.And I said it's I that should thank him for his help, which brought smiles to both of our faces.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者通过匿名送花给身边的人来给他们制造惊喜，也想让他们知道他们是受到关注的。送花既表达了作者对曾经帮助过他的人的感谢，也温暖了那些收到花的人。
1.A.asking B．waiting
C．showing D．knowing
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：给别人送花，却不在卡片上签名，也不指明是谁送的，这既有趣又神奇。根据后文“The most 2 part of this act is that the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 3 who might send the flowers.”可知，收到花的人不知道谁给他们送花，因此作者在送花时，既没有在卡片上写自己的名字，也不指明是他送的。A.asking问；B.waiting等待；C.showing表明；D.knowing知道。故选C。
2.A.helpful B．meaningful
C．reasonable D．confusing
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一行为最有意义的部分是，当接收者试图弄清楚谁会送花时，他们会想到所有关心他们的人。根据后文“the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 3 who might send the flowers.”可知，收到花的人会想关心他们的人中会是谁送花，而这正是做这件事最有意义的部分，能让他们知道有人在关心他们。A.helpful有帮助的；B.meaningful有意义的；C.reasonable合理的；D.confusing令人疑惑的。故选B。
3.A.bring up B．turn to
C．hear from D．figure out
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。根据前文“the receivers will think about all the people who care about them”以及后文“The whole office started to talk about Roy's flowers as everyone tried to find out the 10 .”可知，收到花的人会把所有可能的人都猜个遍，就是想弄清楚是谁给他们送的花。A.bring up抚养，提出；B.turn to转向；C.hear from sb.收到某人的来信；D.figure out弄清楚。故选D。
4.A.planned B．recorded
C．remembered D．imagined
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得我第一次这样做。根据后文“The intention was just to make Roy smile, but I did not add my 5 on the blessing card.He had a warm heart though he was not good at talking.”可知，此处作者在回忆第一次这样做的情形，再结合前文的“clearly”可知，作者对这件事印象深刻，记得很清楚。A.planned计划；B.recorded记录；C.remembered记得；D.imagined想象。故选C。
5.A.status B．wishes
C．address D．signature
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这么做的目的是想让罗伊笑一笑，但我没有在祝福卡上签名。根据后文“The 9 of not signing the card was beyond expectation.”可知，作者没有在祝福卡片上留自己名字。A.status地位；B.wishes愿望；C.address地址；D.signature签名。故选D。
6.A.orders B．instructions
C．services D．choices
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我刚来的时候，他给了我很多关于我工作的指示，并尽他所能帮助我度过最初的几年。根据前文“When I was new”可知，作者刚来的时候，什么都不了解，所以罗伊给作者在工作上的指示和帮助。A.orders命令；B.instructions指导，指示；C.services服务；D.choices选择。故选B。
7.A.initial B．smooth
C．wonderful D．careful
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。根据前文“When I was new”可知，作者是在刚来那几年得到了罗伊的帮助，罗伊给作者在工作上的指导。A.initial最初的；B.smooth顺利的；C.wonderful极好的；D.careful小心的。故选A。
8.A.managed B．happened
C．hesitated D．longed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一番努力，我设法从同事那里了解到了他什么时候过生日。根据后文“I just wanted him to know he was thought about.”可知，作者为了让罗伊感受到他被关注而设法从同事那里获得他生日的相关信息。A.managed设法做成；B.happened发生；C.hesitated犹豫；D.longed渴望。故选A。
9.A.cause B．result
C．material D．assessment
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有在卡片上签名的结果出乎意料。根据后文“The whole office started to talk about Roy's flowers as everyone tried to find out the 10 .He himself also joined the ranks of the searching team.”可知，作者匿名送花后引发大家对是谁送的花的热烈讨论，都想找出送花者，而罗伊本人也想知道是谁送花给他。因此，这个结果是作者料想不到的。A.cause原因；B.result结果；C.material物质；D.assessment评估。故选B。
10.A.maker B．helper
C．sender D．seller
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个办公室开始谈论罗伊的花，因为每个人都试图找出送花人。根据后文“He himself also joined the ranks of the searching team.”可知，罗伊加入大家一起来找出是谁送的花。A.maker制作者；B.helper帮手；C.sender发送者；D.seller卖家。故选C。
11.A.games B．ranks
C．quarrel D．competition
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他本人也加入了搜索队伍。根据后文“of the searching team”可知，他也加入了搜寻的队伍。A.games游戏；B.ranks等级，队伍；C.quarrel争吵；D.competition竞争。故选B。
12.A.hid B．realized
C．overcame D．mentioned
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他克服了自己的羞怯，联系了那些他很久没有联系的人，看看是否是他们送来的鲜花。根据后文“made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers”可知，为了找出送花者，罗伊联系了好久没有联系过的人，因此可知他克服了他的羞怯。A.hid躲藏；B.realized意识到；C.overcame克服；D.mentioned提到。故选C。
13.A.partly B．finally
C．secretly D．absolutely
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，罗伊发现是我送的花。根据前文“He 12 his shyness and made contacts he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.”可知，罗伊是通过了一番努力后才知道是我送的花，因此是终于知道了送花者是我。A.partly部分地；B.finally最终地；C.secretly秘密地；D.absolutely绝对地。故选B。
14.A.expect B．notice
C．confirm D．conclude
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他脸上惊讶的笑容表明他没想到我会给他送花。根据前文“The surprised smile on his face”可知，当罗伊知道是我送的花时，他感到很惊讶，因此他没有料想到我会送花给他。A.expect预料；B.notice注意；C.confirm确认；D.conclude总结。故选A。
15.A.excuse B．apology
C．cheer D．appreciation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他还是对我送的花和卡片表示感谢。根据后文“And I said it's I that should thank him for his help, which brought smiles to both of our faces.”可知，作者受到罗伊的感谢。A.excuse借口；B.apology道歉；C.cheer振奋；D.appreciation感激。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2022·全国甲卷)
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 1.to journey (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2.who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3.held (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4.A friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5.protection (protect)．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6.meaningful (meaning)．The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years, Cao 7.has walked (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 8.highest (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 9.from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, 10.planning (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
2．考查定语从句。句意：在1 100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
4．考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
5．考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
6．考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
7．考查时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
8．考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa's可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
9．考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4 700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi'an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填from。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4 700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。(共38张PPT)
UNIT 4 SHARING
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
单元语法精析
短 语
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语。
He failed to get the first prize in the match.
他在比赛中没有获得一等奖。
在这个句子中the first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语。
一、名词短语(NP)
名词短语的构成： (限定词)＋(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)。在句中当作名词用， 一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
(2022·全国甲卷) Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia.(作主语)
20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)A guide led us to the strawberry field. (作宾语)
一名向导领着我们到了草莓地。
Many people including doctors，nurses and scientists are real heroes. (作表语)
很多人， 包括医生、护士和科学家是真正的英雄。
注意：名词与介词的固定搭配
名词＋to key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude，monument，devotion等
名词＋in interest，expert等
名词＋on congratulations，effect等
[点津]名词短语中的限定词
在名词短语的“构成”中， 限定词包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。
二、动词短语(VP)
动词短语是由以实意动词为中心词，后加宾语或状语构成。其构成形式较灵活，是一种自由词组。
Experts said the vaccine has undergone proper testing and is safe.
专家说疫苗已经经过充分测试， 是安全的。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills.
她的丈夫做两份工作来还账单。
短语动词(phrasal verbs)是一种固定的词组，通常以动词为中心，由动词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词。
1．短语动词的构成
(1)动词＋副词
clear away清除掉 put away收起 die away消失 call back回电话 look back回顾 walk back走回 break down出故障 calm down平静下来 get down咽下 come up上来 blow up爆炸 turn up出现 show off炫耀 give off散发 take off脱下 break out发生 blow out吹灭 run out 用完
Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their new life journey.
传统上，大学生在开始他们新的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。
Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.
无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。
[点津]“动词＋副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on，think it over。
(2)动词＋介词
bring about引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找 burst into闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查 see to处理 devote to贡献给 deal with处理 glance at匆匆一瞥 work at从事，致力于 aim at向……瞄准 differ from与……不同 result from由于
insist on坚持 rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到 combine with联合 lead to导致，通向 set about着手
I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person.
我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。
You look well.The air and the seafood in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose.
你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。
(3)动词＋副词＋介词
add up to总计 keep away from不靠近 look down on/upon轻视 keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处 get close to接近 get out of逃避，避免 do away with废除 do well in在……干得好 put up with忍受 catch up with赶上 look up to仰望，尊敬 run out of用完 look forward to期望 go on with继续 get down to认真开始 break away from脱离，放弃
He will have to find some other work，for he can't put up with this loud noise any more.
他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。
A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.
一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的意思。
(4)动词＋名词＋介词
catch sight of看见，瞥见 make use of利用 pay attention to注意 make sense of理解 take notice of注意到 take the place of代替 take part in参加 take pride in为……自豪 take advantage of利用 make room for为……腾出空间 keep up with与……保持联系
James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.
为给电视机腾出空间，詹姆斯把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。
[点津]短语动词使用时须注意的几点
(1)在短语动词中，副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词，则应放在动词和副词之间。
The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.
这对年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。
He has put aside a little money for a rainy day.
他存了一点钱以备不时之需。
When you do not understand a new word，you can look it up in this dictionary.
当你不理解新单词的时候，你可以查字典。
This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.
这种方法相当新，你可以试着用它去解决那个难题。
(2)在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。
We have brought in a good harvest for three years.
我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。
We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages.
我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。
Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.
在警察来之前，请远离事故现场。
The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holiday.
经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作。
(3)有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时它们相当于不及物动词。
Mr Wang's new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.
王先生的新汽车坏了，他不得不又骑自行车去上班。
The crowd broke up after the football games.
足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。
(4)①同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。
break down坏了；出故障 break up拆散；解体；驱散 break in闯入；插话 break off忽然停止讲话；断绝 break out爆发；逃出 break through冲破；突破；战胜
②不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。
make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化妆
show up出席；露面；揭露
hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情
set up创立；建立；树立；资助
put up提出；举起；建造
take up拿起；举起；开始(某)活动
(5)一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对它们作出恰当理解。
Hurry up，children！The plane will take off very soon.(起飞)
快点，孩子们！飞机很快就要起飞了。
After entering the room，he took off his coat.(脱下)
进入房间后，他脱下了外套。
The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.(休假)
老板告诉他，11月他会有两个星期的假。
The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead.(崩溃)
当有人告诉那个女人她妈妈死了的时候，她崩溃了。
Interrupted by hackers，the computer system of that company has broken down.(瘫痪)
由于黑客的干扰，那家公司的电脑系统瘫痪了。
Negotiations between the boss and workers have broken down.(失败)
老板和工人之间的谈判失败了。
(6)短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。
It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.
据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.
这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。
Such a strange story has never been heard of.
这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。
注意：动词与介词的固定搭配
动词＋about speak，talk，think，worry等
动词＋for answer，call，apply，beg，care，charge，hunt，hope，wish，long，search，seek等
动词＋at aim，call，glare，glance，knock，laugh，point，stare等
动词＋from date，differ，hear，keep，stop，prevent，learn，protect，result，separate，suffer等
动词＋of approve，complain，consist，die，dream，think等
动词＋on call，carry，depend，feed，insist，pass，try，rely等
动词＋in break，call，cut，drop，fill，get，hand，join，persist，result，succeed等
动词＋into burst，change，divide等
动词＋to agree，attend，belong，compare，devote，lead，object，point，refer，reply等
三、形容词短语(AdjP)
形容词短语的构成：(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)。 在句中当作形容词用， 可以修饰名词或代词， 还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
(2020· 天津高考)I have found you charming and intelligent. (作宾语补足语)
我发现你很有魅力， 很聪明。
A Chinese painting show is always attractive. (作表语)
国画展总是很有吸引力。
注意：形容词与介词的固定搭配
形容词＋at angry，mad，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，disappointed等
形容词＋of afraid，frightened，ashamed，aware，convinced，short，sick，tired，sure，certain，full，fond，proud，worthy等
形容词＋with angry，connected，content，familiar，generous，gentle，patient，pleased，popular，satisfied，strict等
形容词＋in weak，different，rich，interested，successful，absorbed，disappointed，experienced，confident等
形容词＋to good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，close，similar，familiar等
形容词＋for sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，responsible等
形容词 ＋about sorry，anxious，careless，certain，curious，enthusiastic，particular，optimistic等
四、副词短语(AdvP)
副词短语的构成：(副词)＋副词。在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)He is so humorous，responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much.
他如此幽默、负责任、无私以至于我非常尊重并喜欢他。
Equally importantly，we should develop a good habit of living.
同样重要的是， 我们应该养成一种良好的生活习惯。
五、介词短语(PreP)
介词短语的构成： 介词＋宾语。能充当介词后宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词的-ing形式等。在句中作表语、定语或状语。
The world's population is likely to peak at 9.7 billion in 2064. (作状语)
世界人口可能会在2064年达到97亿的峰值。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control，our neighborhood has been in a good state. (作表语)
幸亏他在疫情防控方面做的努力， 才使得我们社区状况良好。
六、短语的句法功能须注意的几点
(1)介词短语作定语时要后置
The boy under the tree is Tom.
树下的那个男孩是汤姆。
The tallest boy in our class is John.
我们班最高的那个男孩是约翰。
(2)单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
A car worth $ 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy.
对他来讲，买一辆价值八万美元的车不算太贵。
At three，she was taller than playmates seven or eight years old.
她三岁时已高于一些七八岁的玩伴。
The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one.
史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大两倍的车库。
He has booked the seats farthest from the door on the train for us.
他已经为我们预订了火车上离车门最远的座位。
语法专题练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. I suggest that you think about it very ___________(careful)．
2.Mary and Jane are quite ___________(difference)．
3.He spoke too _________(quick) for me to understand.
4.It ________(real) works very well.
5.Could you say it more ________(slow)
carefully
different
quickly
really
slowly
6.The war killed __________(million)of people.
7.Our holidays in Hangzhou were really ___________(enjoy) and unforgettable.
8.The woman is working __________(silence) in the room.
millions
enjoyable
silently
Ⅱ.判断下文中黑体部分的短语类型
A well-known old man( ) was being interviewed( ) and was asked if it was really correct( ) that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday( )．“That's very right( )，”said the old man.“Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy( ) in the world ( ). They're all dead.” “Well, sir，” said the interviewer( )，“I hope very much( )to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday( )．”The old man looked at the young man very closely( ), and said，“I can't see( ) why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy! And aren't you strong enough( )？”
NP
VP
AdjP
NP
AdjP
NP
PrepP
NP
AdvP
NP
AdvP
VP
AdjP
Ⅲ.语法主题应用
根据提示翻译下列语段。
上周日，我们所在的志愿者小组到汽车站(PrepP)参加了一次服务活动。一到车站，我们就受到了热烈的欢迎(NP)；有的同学打扫候车室(VP)，有的为旅客提供信息、搬运行李(VP)等；虽然很累，但是我们感到很开心(AdjP)。最为重要的是(AdvP)，我们能够为他人做些事情。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Last Sunday, our volunteer group took part in a voluntary activity at the bus station (PrepP)．On arriving there, we were given a warm welcome(NP). Some students cleaned the waiting room(VP) while the others offered the passengers the information they needed and carried the luggage(VP) for them. Although we were tired, we felt very happy (AdjP). Most importantly(AdvP), we can do something for others.UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I was told that the rain had brought about the short circuit (环形线路)．
2.Callari has never worked with someone with a disability (残疾) before.
3.A personal diet plan is devised after a consultation (咨询) with a nutritionist.
4.You are asked to swallow a capsule (胶囊) containing Vitamin B．
5.They raced to a thrilling victory in the relay (接力赛)．
6.Only social practice can be the criterion (标准) of truth.
7.Above all, these immoral behaviors disturb social orders and social stability (稳定)．
8.You'd better pray (祈祷) your necklace will come out of the carpet.
9.It was a purely hypothetical (假设的) question.
10.He has been awarded a research grant (拨款)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.I take it for granted that we should build new roads.
2.Now you had better consult with a physician.
3.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all.
4.Not only is (be) the job difficult, but (also) it doesn't pay well.
5.Pray that they make wise choices.
6. Disability (disable) is a physical limitation on your life.
7.Riot police is an important armed force of maintaining state security and social stability (stable)．
8.What did the teacher try his best to relay to his students
9.The manager has been telling (tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
10.Now that she has apologized, I am content.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.Jenny studied painting from 1926 and also worked as a commercial artist.
2.There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; for instance ，training lions.
3.A dictionary is of great use for students to learn a foreign language.
4.This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.
5.The advice is based on the wisdom of a team of heart specialists.
6.What we want to know is whether he is allergic to this medicine.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·辽宁葫芦岛市东北师范大学实验高中高二月考)
All day long, at an MSF distribution center, humanitarian(人道主义的) supplies make their way to some of the most dangerous spots on the planet.Specially marked boxes are being packed with medicines and supplies, which are on their way to Ebola-affected Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.
Kathy Dedieu became a sanitation(卫生设备) and water engineer for MSF a decade ago.She has just returned from Liberia, where MSF is working to help reopen the hospitals.Her job is to make sure that clean parts of the hospitals are kept separate from areas that are polluted.She says the situation there is a complete disaster.“Even during the war, I haven't seen a health system close so fast.The hospitals are empty because the health staff just aren't there，” she says.Dedieu was in Liberia during that country's civil war in 2003.
MSF was founded in 1971 by a group of doctors and journalists.“I remember being criticized in the 1980s as a ‘medical cowboy’，” says Rony Brauman, who headed MSF from 1982 to 1994.“We were blamed for riding in, distributing our pills and creating unreasonable expectations.” But Brauman says that's the nature of health care.“We raise expectations; we create new diseases by treating old diseases，” Brauman says.“That's how it works in general.It was a kind of fight.MSF won that fight.”
MSF doctor Cameron Bopp says he's worked with other humanitarian organizations but always missed the level of devotion and motivation he's found at MSF.“The main thing that's different about MSF from the point of view someone like me who goes out and works in the field is that when there's an emergency, other organizations say, ‘Whoa, this is an emergency.We're gonna be there as soon as we get funding.' And MSF has the funding，” he says.“We start right away.” Ninety percent of MSF's funding comes from a devoted base of five million donors.That gives it the independence to speak out and do what's really needed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“无国界医生”这一非盈利组织。
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about C
A．Showing the places affected by Ebola.
B．Exploring a distribution center of MSF.
C．Introducing one of the functions of MSF.
D．Encouraging donations to Ebola-affected areas.
解析：主旨大意题。第一段主要呈现的是无国界医生组织的一个分发中心为埃博拉病毒感染国家配发物资的场景，所以第一段的主要内容是介绍该组织的一项功能。故选C。
2.What can we learn about Kathy Dedieu D
A．She is working in Liberia.
B．She was once a soldier in the civil war.
C．She founded MSF with many other doctors.
D．She helps with pollution prevention in hospitals.
解析：细节理解题。由第二段“ She has just returned from Liberia，(她刚从利比里亚回来，)”可以判断Kathy Dedieu目前不在利比里亚，因此A项错误；由第二段最后一句可知2003年利比里亚内战爆发时Dedieu在利比里亚，但并没有提到她在当兵，因此B项错误；由第三段第一句 (无国界医生组织成立于1971年，由一群医生和记者组成。) 可知无国界医生组织并不是Dedieu创立的，故C项错误。根据文章第二段的“Her job is to make sure that clean parts of the hospitals are kept separate from areas that are polluted.(她的工作是确保医院的清洁区域与污染区域分开。)”可知Kathy Dedieu的工作是确保医院的清洁区和污染区是分开的，即预防医院被污染。故选D。
3.What was people's attitude to MSF in the early years C
A．Optimistic. B．Uncaring.
C．Disapproving. D．Curious.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段前三句(“我记得在20世纪80年代被批评为‘医疗牛仔'，”1982年至1994年担任无国界医生组织负责人的罗尼·布劳曼说。“我们被指责骑车进来，分发药品，制造不合理的期望。”)可知，无国界医生组织成立之初是不被人们所接受的。故选C。
4.How is MSF different from other organizations according to Cameron？ A
A．It has a lot of faithful donors.
B．It involves many journalists.
C．It is operated by doctors themselves.
D．It obtains funding from the government.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Ninety percent of MSF's funding comes from a devoted base of five million donors.That gives it the independence to speak out and do what's really needed.(无国界医生组织90%的资金来自500万名忠实的捐赠者。这使它能够独立地发表意见，做真正需要的事情。)”可知无国界医生组织不同于其他人道主义组织的主要特点之一在于它有许多可靠的捐赠者。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·广东省广州市象贤中学高二期末)
Christmas is no fun when you're poor.Twenty years ago I was a young, 1.struggling (struggle), substitute(替补) teacher 2.whose calls into work had been few.Money was tight, bills were due and my wife and I couldn't even afford 3.to get (get) Christmas gifts for each other.The only gifts we could get for our children were a few soft toys that I had found 4.sold (sell) at half price in the supermarket.I opened the door and brought in the gifts I 5.had hidden (hide) in our old car's trunk before.Then I handed 6.them to my son and daughter.I watched with a sad smile 7.as/when they did their best to tear off the wrapping paper.As they pulled out their toys, though, I noticed their eyes lit up and they jumped up and down.My daughter happily hugged her toy and then hugged her Mom and me as well.
I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys 8.for hours, and thanked God for the 9.greatest (great) gift ever been given.Till today I still treasure 10.the gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave me that day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从前在贫穷时期过圣诞节只能给孩子们买半价礼物的事情，但孩子们的反应让作者非常感动，弥足珍贵。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：20年前，我还是一个年轻、努力奋斗的代课老师，很少有人叫我去上班。分析句子结构可知struggle和主语I之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填struggling。
2．考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为定语从句修饰先行词teacher，在从句中作定语，故用whose引导。故填whose。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：手头拮据，账单到期了，我和妻子甚至买不起给彼此买圣诞礼物。短语afford to do sth.表示“负担得起做某事”。故填to get。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们能给孩子们的唯一礼物是我在超市找到的几个半价的毛绒玩具。分析句子结构可知设空处在句中作定语，修饰soft toys, soft toys和sell之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词。故填sold。
5．考查时态。句意：我打开门，把以前藏在旧汽车后备厢里的礼物拿了进来。此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had hidden。
6．考查代词。句意：然后我把它们递给我的儿子和女儿。此处指上文gifts应用代词them。故填them。
7．考查状语从句。句意：我带着悲伤的微笑看着他们竭尽全力撕掉包装纸。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用as或when。故填as/when。
8．考查介词。句意：我笑着看着孩子们玩了几个小时的玩具，感谢上帝给了我有史以来最好的礼物。短语for hours表示“几个小时”。故填for。
9．考查形容词最高级。句意：我笑着看着孩子们玩了几个小时的玩具，感谢上帝给了我有史以来最好的礼物。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最伟大的”可知应用最高级greatest。故填greatest。
10．考查冠词。句意：直到今天，我仍然珍惜那一天我儿子和女儿给我的纯洁的爱。gift此处为特指应用定冠词。故填the。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·江苏省常州市第一中学高二月考)
On February 21, 2018, Christine Cheers' world fell apart.Someone on the other end of the phone had said the words that bring parents to their knees: “There's been an accident.” Her 32-year-old Navy flight surgeon James was injured in a training mission.At hospital, Christine and her husband David were told that he would never breathe on his own and he would never smile at them again.
It was time for Christine to honor the spirit of her son who had switched his major from commerce engineering to premed(医学预科) because he wanted to help people.It was time to make her every worst day some strangers' best one.She instructed the hospital to begin the organ donation process.Christine Cheers wasn't leaving the hospital until every last one of her son's organs left the building.She and David watched hospital employees carry coolers from the operation room.The last one was his heart.“That was the one I cared about most，” Christine says, “With bravery and selflessness, James had such an amazing heart.”Seeing James's heart leave the building, Christine fell into a sadness so deep that climbing out seemed impossible.Her only comfort would be to find out that James's organs had helped people, so she wrote each receiver a letter just to know if they were doing all right.
Mike Cohen, a cyclist, had a heart transplant.James's heart! Two months after the surgery, Mike got a call from the organization that arranged the transplant(移植)．They had a letter for him from James's mother.As he read Christine's letter, Mike began to understand just how special his new heart was.Eager to know more about James, Mike googled him.He found they had a lot in common.They were both athletic and practically the same age.Another thing he learned about James: His grave site(墓地) was in Jacksonville—the other side of the country.
注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
Upon recovery, Mike announced on social media to take a cross-country trip.
Paragraph 2：
Mike got off his bike and walked straight to Christine, who was waiting at the grave site.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Upon recovery, Mike announced on social media to take a cross-country trip. He wanted to cycle to James's grave site to pay his respects in person.It seemed fitting to make the journey by bike—to show how transformative the heart was.Mike was back to cycling and gradually built up his body.Blessings for the ride flooded in on social media.“What a biker with a big heart，” someone commented.Hearing about Mike's decision, Christine and David decided they would meet him there when he arrived.
Paragraph 2：
Mike got off his bike and walked straight to Christine, who was waiting at the grave site.“Thank you.Thanks for coming.” said Christine as they folded into a deep hug.Then came the tears.They were not the deep weeping tears of grief, but tears of relief from a mother who knew she'd done right.At James's headstone, Mike squatted down and took a deep breath, feeling the strong pulse of James's heart in his chest.He told James how thankful he was and promised to take care of his heart.(共79张PPT)
UNIT 4 SHARING
Section Ⅲ Using Language
课前自主预习
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
A)单词拼写
1. ______ n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入
2. _____ n．曲调；曲子 vt.调音；调节；调频道
3. ________ n．巡回；环形路线
4. ________ n．胶囊；太空舱
5. ______ vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；接班的人
6. _____ vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
input
tune
circuit
capsule
relay
pray
B)词形转换
1. _________ vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约→ ____________ adj.合同的，契约的；按合同(或契约)规定的→ ___________ n．承包人；承包商；承包公司
2. ___________ n．缺陷；障碍→ _________ adj.残疾的，有缺陷的
3. _____________ n．咨询；咨询会→ ________ vt.查阅；商量；向……请教
4. __________ n．标准；准则；原则→ _________ [复数]
5. __________ n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→ _______ adj.稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的→ _______ adv.稳固地；稳定地；安定地
contract
contractual
contractor
disability
disabled
consultation
consult
criterion
criteria
stability
stable
stably
Ⅱ.高频短语
1. ____________________ 认为(……)理所当然；对(……)不予重视
2. _________ 转达给……；转发给……
3. __________ 但愿
4. _____________ 与……协调
5．in need of _____
6．appeal to __________________________________
7．be engaged in ___________________
take(...) for granted
relay to
pray that
be tune with
需要
呼吁；上诉；要求；对……有吸引力
参与；从事于；忙于
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Why help people overseas ______ China has many areas that are still in need of development
既然中国许多地区仍然需要发展，为什么要帮助外国人民呢？
2．And, _______ the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted...
而且，虽然这个国家非常美丽，自然资源丰富，但很多人很穷，生活中没有我们认为理所当然的东西……
when
while
3．Prior to this, if a Tanzanian _____ a heart condition and needed surgery, they __________________ abroad.
在这之前，坦桑尼亚人若患有心脏疾病需要做手术，他们必须出国才行。
4．Now, __________ are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, _____ people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.
现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人民也得到了帮助。
had
would have to go
not only
but
5. _________ I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
既然我明白了我母亲的工作是多么重要，我决定自己成为一名志愿者，帮助其他地区的人们。
Now that
Ⅳ.课文解读
(Ⅰ)Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph. ___________
Paras. 1－2 A．Call on others to do the same.
Para.3 B．It is a personal question for the author.
Para.4 C．How the author changed her opinion.
Para.5 D．How the author felt when her mother first left.
Para.6 E．Whether it is worthwhile to help other countries.
EBDCA
(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer.
1．What is the function of the second paragraph ____
A．To explain how China helps other countries.
B．To introduce the topic of the speech.
C．To show where Chinese workers are.
D．To praise the contributions China has made.
B
2．What does the speaker use to get her message across ____
A．A personal story.
B．Facts and data.
C．A hypothetical example.
D．Other people's experiences.
3．What does“singing a different tune”(Para.5) probably mean ____
A．Learning a foreign song.
B．Imitating others.
C．Having a different opinion.
D．Feeling very happy.
A
C
4．What is the author most proud of as a Chinese _____
A．Her love for her motherland.
B．Her hard work at school.
C．Her bond with her mother.
D．Assistance to others.
D
课内要点探究
1.resign vt. & vi.辞职；辞去
重点单词
D?典型例句
He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
他从这家公司辞职以便能够从事更有挑战性的工作。
He has, by submitting his resignation, expressed his unhappiness with the government's decision.
他通过递交辞呈以表明对政府决定的不满。
You have 24 hours to enter into peace talks, or I shall resign.
你有24小时的时间进入和平谈判，否则我就辞职。
——《至暗时刻》
S?思维拓展
resign one's job/post/position辞去工作/职位
resign from辞职
resign oneself to(doing) sth. 顺从……；使自己安于(做)某事
resign as...辞去当……的职务
resign...to...把……托付给……
You must resign yourself to waiting a bit longer.
你只好耐心多等一会儿了。
She resigned from the committee.
→She resigned as a member of the committee.
她辞去了委员会的职务。
She resigned her baby to the care of her neighbor.
她把她的宝宝托付给了邻居照看。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Will you resign ______ the company if they ask you to
②She resigned ____ chairperson and handed over to a younger colleague.
③His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he __________ (resign)．
④Our teacher encourages us not to resign ___________(us) to our fate.
from
as
resigned
ourselves
2.deserve v．应受；值得；应得
D?典型例句
Being always late for class, the boy deserves punishment.
→Being always late for class, the boy deserves punishing.
→Being always late for class, the boy deserves to be punished.
这个男孩上课总是迟到，应该受到惩罚。
He deserves to win the game because he has been well prepared for it.
他应该赢得这场比赛，因为他已经做好了充分的准备。
I am happy to accept this very special award I requested, but that I absolutely deserve.
我很高兴接受我要求的这一非常特殊的奖项，但是我绝对值得。
——《心灵奇旅》
S?思维拓展
deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/注意/赞扬
deserve to do sth.应该做某事
deserve doing＝deserve to be done 应该/值得被……
M?名师点津
deserve用法点拨
(1)表示“很值得”，用well修饰deserve。
(2)后接动名词时，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接不定式的被动形式。有此类用法的词还有：need, want, require等。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Maria is constantly making efforts;she deserves ________ (achieve)the goal of entering the key university.
②All teachers deserve ___________________________________ (recognize) for the contributions they make in our classrooms and in our country.
③Your suggestion deserves ____________________________________ (consider)．
to achieve
recognition/recognizing/to be recognized
consideration/considering/to be considered
句型转换
④You deserve to make full use of your free time to improve your English.
→Your free time deserves _____________________________________ to improve your English.
making full use of/to be made full use of
3.input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入
D?典型例句
Her specialized input to the discussions has been very useful.
她在这些讨论中提供的专家建议很有帮助。
There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry.
工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。
S?思维拓展
input into/to sth.投入资源(指时间、知识、思想等)；投入；输入
input of sth. ……的投入
output n. 产量，输出量；输出
Q?巧学助记
由动词短语转化而来的合成词
break out发生→outbreak n．爆发；发作
break down损坏→breakdown n．故障
put out生产；输出→output n．产量；输出
burst out迸发→outburst n．喷出；突发
come out出现；结果是→outcome n．结果；后果
We're gonna come out of this.Everything is gonna be fine, all right
我们会渡过难关的。一切都会好起来的，好吗？
——《当幸福来敲门》
J?即学即练
完成句子
①The output should ______________________________.
输出应当与输入成比例。
②We listen to our employees and ___________________.
我们听取员工的想法，重视他们的意见和建议。
③ _____________________ has increased by 8%.
工业产量增长了8%。
be proportional to the input
value their input
Manufacturing output
4.contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约
D?典型例句
The player is contracted to play until August.
这位选手签约参加比赛到八月份。
Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.
有几位计算机工程师与财务部门签订了合同。
She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.
她已签订每周工作20小时的合同。
S?思维拓展
contract with与……订立(某种协议或合同)，与……建立(某种关系)
contract for承建；承包；承办
contract in (to sth.) 订约参与
contract out (of sth.) 订约不参与；退出(或不参加)合约
contract sb. to sth. 与……订立合同(或契约)
contractual adj. 合同的，契约的；按合同(或契约)规定的
contractor n. 承包人；承包商；承包公司
Q?巧学助记
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①You can contract ______ us to deliver your goods.
②The Boston Museum of Fine Arts has already ____________(contract) to lease part of its collection to a museum in Japan.
③He ____________ (contract)AIDS from a blood transfusion.
④Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer ____________ (contract) by women.
with
contracted
contracted
contracted
5.consultation n．咨询；咨询会
D?典型例句
The plans were drawn up in consultation with the World Health Organisation.
这些方案是在与世界卫生组织磋商之后起草的。
They will hold a consultation about the matter.
他们将会商量这件事。
S?思维拓展
in consultation with 与……磋商
consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查询
consult sb.about sth.向某人咨询某事
consult with sb.(about/on sth.)(就某事)与某人商量
We will consult together with advisors about her education.
我们将一起和专家商议她的教育事宜。
When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult a dictionary.
当拿不准词义时，查查词典。
In order to improve his English quickly, he often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.
为了快速提高英语，他经常去我的办公室向我咨询关于学习英语的方法。
Q?巧学助记
consult的多层含义：
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①If you have any doubts about your health，you'd better _________ (consultation) your doctor at once.
②I have some questions about the problem，so I will consult him _______ it.
③That's why we went and ___________(consult)Xiao Yang.
④Before you make any decision，you'd better consult ______ your parents about it.
consult
about
consulted
with
1.take(...) for granted 认为(……)理所当然；对(……)不予重视
重点短语
D?典型例句
I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.
我想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
Her husband was always there and she just took him for granted.
她丈夫随时都在身边，她只是认为他理应如此。
S?思维拓展
take sb./sth. for granted(因习以为常)对……不予重视；(因视为当然而)不把……当回事
take it for granted (that...) 认为……是理所当然
grant v. 承认；同意；准许；授予
grant sth. to sb./sth.＝grant sb. sth.(尤指正式地或法律上)同意，准予，允许
take...seriously认真对待……
take one's time不用急；慢慢来
take pride in以……自豪
take charge of负责；掌管
take advantage of利用
take it easy从容；不紧张；放松
The bank finally granted a ￡500 loan to me.
＝The bank finally granted me a ￡500 loan.
银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。
He began to take science seriously only when he did some research on farming.
只有当他进行农业研究时，他才开始认真对待科学。
Take your time, and there is still ten minutes left.
不用急，还有十分钟。
She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms.
她趁孩子们不在时整理了他们的房间。
She takes pride in her son who takes charge of a big company.
她以成为一家大公司负责人的儿子自豪。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①We take having an endless supply of clean water for _________ (grant)．
②There are many things I take for _________(grant) and don't even realize.
③I _____________(grant) permission to visit the palace.
granted
granted
was granted
完成句子
④ _____________ and you'll get well soon.
别紧张，你很快就会好起来的。
⑤You can hand in the report in three days, so ________________.
你可以在三天后交上报告，因此可以慢慢来。
⑥You shouldn't __________________ that I take care of your pet dog.
你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所应当的。
⑦When I went to college，I began to ______________________.
上大学后，我开始认真对待数学。
Take it easy
take your time
take it for granted
take maths seriously
2.be opposed to反对……(to是介词)
D?典型例句
My mother was very much opposed to my going abroad.
我母亲非常反对我出国。
He was opposed to withdrawing their forces from this region.
他反对把他们的部队撤出这个地区。
S?思维拓展
I object to / am opposed to making a judgement without evidence.
我反对在没有证据的情况下作出判断。
I have never subscribed to the view that females are not fit for this profession.
我向来不赞同女性不适合这个行业的观点。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①The majority of members were opposed ____ my proposal, which upset me greatly.
②We are strongly _________(oppose) to racial prejudice.
③Many local people opposed __________(build) the new airport.
④Some people are in favour ____ reform, and others have concerns.
to
opposed
building
of
句型转换
⑤I was against the unfair judgement.
→ ________________________________
→ _______________________________________
→ ____________________________________
I opposed the unfair judgement.
I was opposed to the unfair judgement.
I objected to the unfair judgement.
1.Why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need of development
既然中国许多地区仍然需要发展，为什么要帮助外国人民呢？
重点句型
J?句式分析
when引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。此时可与since互换。
How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen
既然你从来不听，怎么能指望学到东西呢？
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①It was foolish of you to take a taxi ______ you could easily walk there in 5 minutes.
②Why use wood ______ you can use plastic
when
when
2.And, while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural wealth, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted...
而且，虽然这个国家非常美丽，自然资源丰富，但很多人很穷，生活中没有我们认为理所当然的东西……
J?句式分析
while引导让步状语从句。
(1)while可用以连接并列句，强调前后两者之间情况的对比，此时while一般可译为“而”。
(2022·全国乙卷)50% of them watch English movies while only 18% read English books.
50%的人看英文电影，只有18%的人读英文书。
(2)while可用以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，相当于although，但while引导的让步状语从句一般放在主句前。
While I am willing to help，I don't have much time.
尽管我愿意帮忙，可我没有足够的时间。
(3)while还可用以引导时间状语从句，表示“在……时候”。当while引导的时间状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以省去主语及be动词。
You must keep these points in mind while(you are) setting your goals.
在设定目标时，你必须记住这些要点。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, _______ rice has increased only 7 percent.
②Two years ago, while Cathy ______________(watch) the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
③ _____________ Tom is very young, he can recite many poems.
while
was watching
While/Though
3.Prior to this, if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery, they would have to go abroad.
在这之前，坦桑尼亚人若患有心脏疾病需要做手术，他们必须出国才行。
J?句式分析
if引导虚拟条件状语从句，对过去的事实进行假设。if a Tanzanian had a heart condition and needed surgery是从句，they would have to go abroad是主句。
If the sun rose in the west, I would believe you.
如果太阳从西边出来，我就相信你。
Look, if I were you, I'd march right up to my family and say，“Hey, I'm a musician.Deal with it！”
听好了，如果我是你，我就大步走回家，对家里人说：“嘿，我是一名音乐家。接受现实吧！”
——《寻梦环游记》
S?思维拓展
if虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或假想的情况，可以对现在、过去或将来的情况进行假设。
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在 事实相 反 过去式(be动词用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If I were you, I would seize the chance.
如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机会。
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与过去 事实相 反 had＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed.
如果你听了我的建议，你就不会失败。
与将来 事实相 反 ①过去式 ②should＋动词原形 ③were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形 If he souldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。
注意：
用法 例句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.
如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好一些了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)
用法 例句
在if引导的非真实条件从句中，谓语动词含were, had, should，可将if省略，但需将were, had, should提到主语之前 If I were at school again, I would study harder.←Were I at school again, I would study harder.
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
J?即学即练
单句语法填空
①If we _________(study) in the same school, we would go to school together every day.
②If there ______(be) no air or water, there would be no living things on earth.
③If I _________(get) there earlier, I would have met her.
④If there ______(be) a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skiing.
studied
were
had got
were
4.Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.
现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人民也得到了帮助。
J?句式分析
not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital使用的是部分倒装， not only... but(also)．..连接两个并列句，当not only位于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
Not only does he speak English well, but he speaks Japanese more easily.
他非但英语说得好，就连日语也讲得轻松自如。
(2022·全国甲卷)Not only do they provide abundant sources and food for us, but they are also crucial for the global climate development.
它们不仅为我们提供了丰富的资源和食物，而且对全球气候发展至关重要。
S?思维拓展
常用部分倒装的几种情况：
(1)句首为否定或半否定的副词或介词短语
(2)only＋副词/介词/状语从句位于句首
(3)so/such...that句型中的so/such＋被修饰词位于句首
(4)so；neither(nor)表示“也”；“也不”
J?即学即练
完成句子
①Never __________________ getting fake notes or having no change.
我们永远都不用担忧得到假钱或者没有零钱。
② __________________ to communicate with strangers, but I also picked up some extra-curricular knowledge.
我不仅学会了与陌生人交流，我也学了一些课外知识。
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)She teaches us _____________________________ but also how to be a good person.
她不仅教我们如何获得知识，也教我们如何成为一个好人。
will we worry about
Not only did I learn
not only how to gain knowledge
5.Now that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
因为我明白了母亲的工作有多么重要，所以我决定自己成为一名志愿者，帮助其他国家的人。
J?句式分析
句中now that引导的是原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”。
Now that everyone is here, let's start work.
现在人都齐了，咱们开始工作吧。
Now that we have covered the whole chapter, we may have a discussion next time we meet.
整个一章都看完了，下次见面时就可以讨论了。
S?思维拓展
now that引导原因状语从句，“既然，由于”，是连词，和since相似。它除了表示原因外，还含now的意思，意思是“既然(现在)……”“既然(当前)……”。它后面接一个句子， that可以省略。
J?即学即练
完成句子
① ________________________, why don't you take up some serious study
既然你(现在)已经安顿下来了，为什么不开始正经地学点东西呢？
② ______________________________________, I have more time for myself.
既然(现在)我的儿子们更加独立了，那属于我自己的时间就更多了。
Now that you're settled
Now that my sons are more independent
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I haven't had enough sleep ________(最近)．
2.The _______(投入) was larger than the output, so they lost money.
3.The violin and the piano seem to be out of ______(调子)．
4.How long ago did you sign the __________(合同)
5.The government has taken a measure to maintain the ___________(稳定) of prices.
6.He thinks that the ___________(标准) of success is the ability to work joyfully.
lately
input
tune
contract
stability
criterion
7.I'll call you for ____________(咨询) next time I take a trip somewhere.
8.Her lack of experience is a severe ____________(缺陷)．
9.The rocket did one _________(巡回) of the earth and returned to base.
10.She _______(祈祷) to God to keep her son from harm.
consultation
disability
circuit
prays
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.All this information had to __________ (input)onto the computer.
2.Today, his change of direction seems more ____ tune with the times.
3.Many employees ____________(contract) out of the pension plan.
4.She chose ____________ (consult)dentists.
5.The message _____________(relay) to her boss.
6.Doctors said his condition was serious but ________(stability).
7.One can only pray ____ the team's manager learns something from it.
8.Never for a moment take it for _________ (grant)that love would stay there forever.
be input
in
contracted
to consult
was relayed
stable
that
granted
Ⅲ.选词填空
in need of，relay...to， take care of，be opposed to，to be honest，in addition，contribute to，take it for granted
1.Mary was told the news first and then she _________ it ____ her classmates.
2.Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students ___________ financial aid.
3.The little girl made the choice to withdraw from college to __________ her sick mother.
relayed
to
in need of
take care of
4. _____________，I don't think we have a chance of winning the match tomorrow.
5.I _____________________ that they had arrived at the appointed place already.
6. ____________，when it comes to practicing our musical instruments, I have to practice more than double the time.
7.As far as I am concerned，each of us can _______________ the future of the world.
8.At first he ________________ the idea, but later he came around.
To be honest
took it for granted
In addition
contribute to
was opposed to
Ⅳ.单句写作
1.Not only __________________________________, but they provided medical service for those in need as well.
他们不仅帮助残疾人找工作，而且还为有需要的人提供医疗服务。(not only...but ...as well)
2. ________________________________ of the football match tonight, I won't stay up late to watch it.
虽然今晚有足球比赛的现场报道，但我不会熬夜看。(while)
did they help the disabled find jobs
While there will be live coverage
3.If I had got there earlier, _______________________.
如果我早点到那里，我就会遇到李先生了。(if引导虚拟语气)
4.How can they learn anything _________________________________ _______ computer games
既然他们把所有的空闲时间都用来玩电游，还能学什么东西呢？(when)
5. __________________________________________ cheers, we should keep it up.
既然经济政策得到了一致的欢呼，我们就应该坚持下去。(now that)
I would have met Mr.Li
when they spend all their spare time
playing
Now that the economic policy has got a chorus of
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
We ___________(see) Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world, _________(help)other countries to develop. But why help people overseas when China has many areas that are still in need ____ development
1.have seen
2.helping
3.of
My mother __________(send)as well to Tanzania，Africa two years ago. To be honest, I was unhappy. But now I have learned about her work in Tanzania，a country _________ there are many health problems and many people live without things we take for _________(grant). In the past they went without medical _________(treat) and some even died. Now Chinese medical team has made ___ big difference to their lives. My mother also does a circuit of the rural villages ___________(provide) consultation and training for local doctors.
Today, I am _______________(support) of my mother's work. By any criteria this work is worth it.
4.was sent
5.where
6.granted
7.treatment
8.a
9.to provide
10.supportiveUNIT 4 Section Ⅳ
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市高二期末)
I've been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree.
It's a unique tree.In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls(头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them.Umbrellas in the yard are a must while dining in early August, and as for me, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden.
The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy.It's poisonous to several common plants.There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed to flourish.
What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area.Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators(传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and biodiverse environment.Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress.
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible.It's also protected under the law.Rightfully so.Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it.
Sometimes I think about my life without the black walnut.I can't imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn.I'd miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves.
Every spring, I wonder what the season holds: What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing Like any good relationship, I'll never be pleased.I'm stuck with this tree, so I'll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires.In return, my walnut offers a habitat for wildlife and a reminder.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者后院的黑胡桃树给他带来困扰，但同时也让作者感到自然的生机。于是，作者学会包容接纳，享受与黑核桃树相伴的生活。
1.Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden C
A．To protect the injured skull.
B．To prevent herself from sunburn.
C．To avoid being hit by the nuts.
D．To reduce the chance of getting bitten by bees.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them.(掉落的果实会和棒球一样坚硬，可能伤到你、孩子、邻居和那些住在隔壁的人的脑袋。)”可知，作者在果园里劳动时，会佩戴一个自行车头盔，是为了保护头部不会被树上掉落的坚硬果实砸伤。故选C。
2.What is the tree's survival strategy C
A．It attracts beneficial pollinators.
B．It lets out poison to drive away pests.
C．It produces a chemical fatal to some plants.
D．It competes for nutrition with similar species.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy.It's poisonous to several common plants.(作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。它对几种常见的植物来说是有毒性的。)”可知，黑胡桃树的生存策略就是释放一种对其他一些常见植物有毒的物质，以独占生存资源。故选C。
3.Which of the following DOESN'T account for the author's love-hate relationship with the tree B
A．The volume of its fruits may bring inconvenience.
B．The tree out competes the native plants in the garden.
C．The tree is home to numerous birds and other creatures.
D．The presence of the tree takes up much space of the garden.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress.(这个地区的原生植物通常很容易生长，所以它们承受的压力较小。)”可知，在这个果园中，黑胡桃树在与当地原生植物的生存竞争中并未占据优势，原生植物长势繁荣，这并非是作者对黑胡桃树又爱又恨的原因之一。故选B。
4.The author most probably got a reminder from the tree that D .
A．it's better to give than to take
B．trees and plants have their own ways to flourish
C．even a good relationship is not always trouble-free
D．acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的前两句(我想过摆脱这个小小的后院的大麻烦吗？是的，然而，要摆脱这棵50英尺高、树干87英寸的树几乎是不可能的。)和最后一段“I'm stuck with this tree, so I'll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires.(我就与这棵树相伴，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。)”可知，作者从这棵树身上得到了这样启示：包容接纳，而非抗拒，会让生活更美好。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·浙江省精诚联盟高二月考)
It won't sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person's wellbeing.It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure.Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
1.G “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be，” states a study.
2.E Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others
Many of us don't have a real sense of our value.It's been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. 3.C This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior. 4.F It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don't stick your neck out”； “No one wants to hear from you”； and “You're going to make a fool of yourself”．
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. 5.A We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.The degree to which we're able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A．However, the work doesn't stop there.
B．People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C．We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D．Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E．This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F．Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G．Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，这将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
解析：
1．设空处为该段主旨句，根据后文“...those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel...(……那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受……)”可知，选项G (然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。) 在句意上贴合该段主旨，且后文是对选项中“even the smallest of kind acts”举例子。故选G。
2．根据后文提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句。选项E (这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。)中主语“This misunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，且“devalue”对应“underestimate”，词汇复现。故选E。
3．根据后文“This ‘voice' tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.(这种‘声音’倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。) ”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。选项C (我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。) 符合分析。故选C。
4．根据前一句(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)提出了“内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F(相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。) 讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F。
5．根据前一句(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。) 提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后一句(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。选项A (然而，这项工作并不止于此。)为转折句，“the work”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023·辽宁省名校联盟高二月考)
More than a decade ago, while pursuing a hotel management degree in Switzerland, I had to move to Zurich for a six-month internship(实习)．The hotel didn't offer 1.D to its staff, so I had to find my own.
It was a difficult task, as Zurich is a(n) 2.A city to live in, but I found a tiny room that suited my tight budget.I soon became familiar with the building 3.C , among them a father and son singing group from Lahore, Pakistan.Their warm 4.B made me feel as if I had known them for ages.When I 5.A them I was from Amritsar, India, they seemed more delighted still.“We are from different 6.D , but the same highland.If you 7.C anything, we are there for you，” they said.True to their word, they 8.B food, cheered me when I got homesick and gave me discount cards to help 9.A money.
10.C , my internship was extended by 15 days.My rental 11.B , however, was up and once again I had nowhere to 12.D .My Lahore neighbors invited me to move in with them the moment they 13.D my troubles.A manager at the hotel was able to arrange a(n) 14.A for me that day, but just the way this family opened up their home to me left my heart so full of 15.B and respect.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在国外实习时， 认识了来自同一个高原但不同国家的一对父子，这些新朋友真诚地帮助作者，作者相当感激。
1.A.opportunity B．support
C．training D．accommodation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家旅馆不为员工提供住宿，所以我只好自己找。根据“so I had to find my own”及下文提到作者租房的事情可知，此处指作者实习的酒店不提供住宿。A.opportunity机会；B.support支持；C.training训练；D.accommodation膳宿。故选D。
2.A.expensive B．perfect
C．large D．special
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一项艰巨的任务，因为苏黎世是一个生活成本很高的城市，但我找到了一个适合我紧张预算的小房间。根据“but I found a tiny room that suited my tight budget”可知，相对于作者的紧张预算，苏黎世是个生活成本昂贵的城市。A.expensive昂贵的；B.perfect完美的；C.large大的；D．special特别的。故选A。
3.A.owners B．visitors
C．residents D．managers
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就熟悉了这栋楼里的居民，其中有一对来自巴基斯坦拉合尔的父子演唱组合。根据“among them a father and son”以及后面发生的故事可知，作者很快与同住在此楼里的居民熟悉了。A.owners物主；B.visitors游客；C.residents居民；D.managers经理。故选C。
4.A.house B．welcome
C．service D．feeling
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们热情的欢迎使我觉得好像已经认识他们很久了。根据“as if I had known them for ages”和“If you 7 anything, we are there for you”可知，作者受到这家人的欢迎。A.house房子；B.welcome欢迎；C.service服务；D.feeling感觉。故选B。
5.A.told B．warned
C．convinced D．showed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉他们我来自印度阿姆利则时，他们似乎更高兴了。此处指相互介绍的内容，所以应该是作者告诉他们作者来自哪里。A.told告诉；B.warned警告；C.convinced使相信；D.showed展示。故选A。
6.A.groups B．classes
C．religions D．countries
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们来自不同的国家，但来自同一个高原。根据“among them a father and son singing group from Lahore, Pakistan”和“I was from Amritsar, India”可知，作者和那家人来自两个国家。A.groups团体；B.classes班级；C.religions宗教；D.countries国家。故选D。
7.A.attain B．hold
C．need D．love
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你需要任何东西，我们都会帮助你。根据“True to their word, they 8 food, cheered me when I got homesick and gave me discount cards to help 9 money.”可知，这家人分享了许多作者需要的东西。A.attain获得；B.hold拿着；C.need需要；D.love爱。故选C。
8.A.reserved B．shared
C．produced D．lacked
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说到做到，和我分享食物，在我想家的时候给我打气，给我打折卡帮我省钱。根据“True to their word”可知，本句呼应上句中那家人的承诺。作者需要任何东西，他们都跟他分享。A.reserved保留；B.shared分享；C.produced生产；D.lacked缺少。故选B。
9.A.save B．spend
C．make D．value
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说到做到，和我分享食物，在我想家的时候给我打气，给我打折卡帮我省钱。 根据“and gave me discount cards”和常识可知，打折卡可以让顾客省钱。A.save节省；B.spend花费；C.make使得，制作；D.value珍惜。故选A。
10.A.Recently B．Obviously
C．Unexpectedly D．Fortunately
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，我的实习时间延长了15天。根据“my internship was extended by 15 days”可知，作者的实习期延长了， 这是始料未及的。A.Recently最近；B.Obviously显然地；C.Unexpectedly意想不到地；D.Fortunately幸运地。故选C。
11.A.income B．agreement
C．house D．fee
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的租赁协议到期了，我又一次没有地方住了。根据“More than a decade ago, while pursuing a hotel management degree in Switzerland, I had to move to Zurich for a six-month internship(实习)．”可知，作者当时应该租了半年的房子，现在房屋租赁协议到期了。A.income收入；B.agreement协议；C.house房子；D.fee费用。故选B。
12.A.complain B．hide
C．reason D．live
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的租赁协议到期了，我又一次没有地方住了。根据“My rental 11 , however, was up”可知，房屋租赁协议到期了， 所以没有地方住了。A.complain抱怨；B.hide隐藏；C.reason理论；D.live生活，居住。故选D。
13.A.dealt with B．brought about
C．looked into D．heard of
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：拉合尔的邻居们一听说我的麻烦，就邀请我搬去和他们一起住。根据“My Lahore neighbors invited me to move in with them”，这里应该指那家人听说了作者的情况。A.dealt with处理；B.brought about带来；C.looked into调查；D.heard of听说。故选D。
14.A.room B．party
C．interview D．feast
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天酒店的经理为我安排了房间，但这家人敞开家门的方式让我心中充满了感激和尊重。根据“My Lahore neighbors invited me to move in with them the moment they 13 my troubles.”可知，酒店经理给我安排的应该是房间和住处。A.room房间；B.party聚会；C.interview采访；D.feast宴会。故选A。
15.A.regret B．gratitude
C．curiosity D．pride
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。根据“the way this family opened up their home to me left my heart”和常识可知，作者对那家人的热情帮助应该表示感激。A.regret遗憾；B.gratitude感激；C.curiosity好奇；D.pride自豪。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·河北省邢台市六校联考高二期中)
A heartwarming letter 1.written (write) by Yuan Longping has caught international attention as the world is mourning(哀悼) over his passing away.At the age of 80, Yuan wrote the letter in memory of his late mother, Hua Jing, and many are 2.deeply (deep) touched by its sincerity.
In the letter named “The Rice I Ripe, Mom”， Yuan 3.looked (look) back to the old days with his mother in Anjiang town in Hunan Province, where his mother was buried.“Mom, the rice is ripe.Can you smell it After 4.what seemed to be so many years, I can still hear your laugh 5.ringing (ring) in Anjiang.I can still see my son holding your hands to help you walk through the 6.entire (entirely) rice field，” he wrote.
Born in a wealthy family in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, Hua was well educated and open-minded.She taught Yuan English and the thoughts of Nietzsche(尼采) when he was very young.Having never worked in the fields, Hua moved to Anjiang 7.to support (support) her son's research.
“Mom, the rice is ripe and I come back to Anjiang to see you.Every time when I was able to deliver 8.a speech to the audience from around the world or take a prize in my study, I always thought of you and your 9.devotion (devote)．You made me who I am.People say I've changed the world with one tiny rice seed, but I know you had planted the seed 10.in me when I was still a little boy, mom.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。是水稻之父袁隆平写给母亲的信的内容。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在全世界哀悼袁隆平逝世之际，他写的一封暖心的信引起了国际关注。分析句子可知，句中谓语动词为has caught，设空处应填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为letter，二者之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，分词短语作后置定语。故填written。
2．考查副词。句意：为了纪念他已故的母亲华静，袁隆平80岁时写这封信，许多人被其真诚深深打动。设空处在句中修饰动词，应用副词。故填deeply。
3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在这封名为《妈妈，稻谷熟了》的信中，袁隆平回忆了他和母亲在湖南安江镇的日子，他的母亲就葬在那里。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，主语为Yuan，二者之间为主动关系，应用主动语态，结合上下文可知，这封信是袁隆平在80岁时写的，是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填looked。
4．考查宾语从句。句意：似乎过了这么多年，我仍能听到你的笑声响遍安江。分析句子可知，设空处缺宾语从句的引导词，从句中缺少主语，表示物。故填what。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词短语作后置定语，其逻辑主语为laugh，二者之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填ringing。
6．考查形容词。句意：我还记得我儿子牵着你的手，帮你走过整片稻田的情景。分析句子可知，设空处修饰field，应用形容词。故填entire。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：华静从未下过地，为了支持儿子的研究，她搬到了安江。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，根据句意可知，此处指为了支持儿子的研究，表示目的，应用to do不定式。故填to support。
8．考查冠词。句意：每当我能够向来自世界各地的听众发表演讲，或者我的研究获奖时，我都会想起您和您的奉献。设空处在句中限定speech，此处泛指一场演讲，应用不定冠词。故填a。
9．考查名词。句意同上。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词，devote的名词形式为devotion。故填devotion。
10．考查介词。句意：人们说我用一颗小小的水稻种子就改变了世界，但我知道，当我还是个小男孩的时候，是您把那颗种子种在我心里的，妈妈。设空处位于名词seed后，代词me前，根据句意可知，此处表示“把种子种在了我的心里”，应用介词in。故填in。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
(2023·福建省七地市高三质量检测)
假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了以“The Power of Voluntary Work”为主题的演讲比赛，请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1．参加人员；
2．比赛过程；
3．活动反响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考范文：
Last week, an English speech contest on “The Power of Voluntary Work” was held in our school.Students from different grades participated in the competition.By sharing some of their most unforgettable volunteering experiences, 20 contestants deeply impressed the audience with their vivid stories, feelings and insights.The judges, consisting of our headmaster and teachers, also commented on each student's performance and finally selected the best three.
The activity, as one of the students says, will be very helpful for the better understanding of volunteering work among middle school students, and more activities of this kind are expected.(共27张PPT)
UNIT 4 SHARING
Section Ⅳ 单元写作
写作方法指导
有关分享的演讲稿
写作指导
演讲稿又叫演说稿，是指在公开场合发表的讲话文稿。演讲稿有规范的演讲内容和形式，人们可以通过演讲的方式针对某个具体问题来交流思想和感情、表达见解和主张、宣传某种精神或活动，也可以用来介绍自己的学习和工作经验等。
常用表达
开头句：
1．I am very glad to be here today to share my thoughts with all of you.
我很高兴今天能在这里与大家分享我的想法。
2．Today, I feel really honored to stand here and make a speech.First of all, please allow me to introduce myself.I am...
今天，站在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。首先，请允许我自我介绍一下。我是……
3．Good morning, everybody! It's my honor/privilege to speak here, and I am very glad to share my topic with you.Today I'd like to talk about...
大家早上好！我很荣幸在这里演讲，很高兴与大家分享我的主题。今天我想讲的是……
主体句：
1．I'm convinced that honesty is the best policy in most situations.
我相信在大多数情况下，诚实是最好的策略。
2．Although it seems challenging to solve the problem, it is true that...
尽管解决这个问题看起来很有挑战性，但事实是……
3．I think it important for us to play an active part in...
我认为重要的是我们要发挥积极的作用……
结尾句：
1．Finally, I'm sure through our hard work, we can have a more beautiful world.
最后，我相信通过我们的努力，我们可以有一个更美丽的世界。
2．Thank you for giving me this opportunity to deliver this speech.
谢谢大家给我这次演讲的机会。
精品展示
实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇主题为“Being a Good Listener”的英文演讲稿。
为何倾听 表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系 谁来倾听 家长倾听孩子 理解孩子，消除代沟
老师倾听学生 了解学生，满足需求
同学相互倾听 增进友谊，互帮互学
怎样倾听 请联系实际拟定内容 注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数80左右；
3．演讲稿中不得提及所在学校及本人姓名。
审题谋篇
第一步 明确要求
本文要求写一篇主题为“当一个优秀的倾听者”的演讲稿，故要用一般现在时。人称使用第一人称、第三人称。
第二步 确定段落
Para.1：提出论题。
Para.2：进行论证。
Para.3：得出结论。
第三步 核心词汇
1．表示尊重 ___________________________
2．改善人际关系 ___________________________________
3．消除代沟 ____________________________________
4．满足需求 ________________________________
5．互帮互学 _______________________________
show respect/be respectful
improve interpersonal relationship
narrow/eliminate the generation gap
meet/satisfy one's needs/requirements
help and learn from each other
第四步 连词成句
1．良好的倾听能显示出对人的尊敬。
Good listening can ________________________.
2．良好的倾听能改善人际关系。
Good listening can ____________________________________.
3．同学应该多互相倾听。
_________________________________________________.
show respect to people
improve interpersonal relationship
Students should listen more to their classmates
4．多向同学们倾听不但能增进友谊，还可以互帮互学。
Listening more to their classmates can ___________________________ ________________________________________________.
5．我想强调的是我们每个人都应该多倾听他人。
___________________________________________________
not only promote their friendship
but also help and learn from each other
I want to stress that each of us should listen more to others.
第五步 句式升级
1．用“only＋方式状语”引起的倒装句合并上面第1、2句。
Only by good listening ________________________________________ ______________________________.
2．用非谓语动词作状语合并上面第3、4句。
Students should listen more to their classmates, thus ________________ _____________________________________________________.
can we show respect to people and improve
interpersonal relationship
promoting their
friendship and helping and learning from each other
3．用含主语从句的句子改写上面第5句。
_______________________ is that each of us should listen more to others.
What I want to stress
第六步 连句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Good afternoon，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”．
What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.Only by good listening can we show respect to people and improve interpersonal relationship.Parents should listen more to their children，so they will understand them better，and find it easy to narrow the generation gap；teachers should listen more to their students；then they can meet their needs better，and place themselves in a good relationship with their students；students should listen more to their classmates，thus promoting their friendship and helping and learning from each other.
写作训练
(2023·湖北省部分重点中学高三联考改编)
今年，重庆山火和泸定地震中涌现出了很多青年榜样：00后消防员，00后志愿者等。请你写一篇以“We Should Shoulder the Responsibility”为题的演讲稿。
内容包括：
1．青年榜样的突出品质；
2．他们对你的影响；
3．呼吁年轻人向他们学习。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已给。
We Should Shoulder the Responsibility
Good morning, boys and girls！I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students' Union of Guangming Middle School.________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
We Should Shoulder the Responsibility
Good morning, boys and girls！I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students' Union of Guangming Middle School.It is my great honor to give a speech on behalf of my school.This year, many young role models emerged in the mountain fire in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake：post-00s firefighters and post-00s volunteers, who showed their bravery and their sense of responsibility.
What they did made me think about our responsibility.As a student, we have a responsibility to complete our studies seriously and steadfastly.We have to grow up with physical and mental health, and that is inseparable from all kinds of hardship parents endured.So we should not shirk any responsibility of love and care.
In a word, all the young people should learn from them and shoulder our responsibility.Thanks for listening.
话题佳句
1．Last week saw us visiting the poor children in the mountainous area, which really set me thinking a lot.
上周我们去看望山区的贫困儿童，这真的让我思考许多。
2．Never should we take for granted what we have already possessed, but we should live with a grateful mind.
我们永远不应该认为我们已经拥有的东西是理所当然的，而是应该怀有感恩之心。
3．The experience has taught me a lot—as long as we have a heart of gold, our world will become more harmonious.
这次经历教了我很多——只要我们有一颗金子般的心，我们的世界就会变得更加和谐。
4．Last month, we took Jack, an American exchange student who fell ill, to a traditional Chinese doctor, which turned out to be an eye-widening experience for him.
上个月，我们带杰克——一个生病的美国交换生，去看了中医，这对他而言是一次大开眼界的经历。
5．In short, so impressive is the experience that it will be treasured in my heart forever.
简而言之，这次经历如此令人印象深刻，将永远珍藏在我的心中。
6．Kind-hearted and enthusiastic, he is always ready to help others.
他既善良又热情，总是乐于助人。
7．From that day on, I have treated it as my motto—Nothing is impossible as long as you try your best.
从那天起，我就把它作为我的座右铭——只要竭尽全力，没有什么事情是不可能的。
8．Bai Fangli, ordinary but unusual, donated all his money to the poor children and it was not until he was in his later years that he stopped his donation.
白方礼，普通但不平凡，把他所有的钱捐赠给了那些贫困儿童，直到晚年才停止捐赠。(共35张PPT)
UNIT 4 SHARING
单元重点回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．secondary adj.中学的；次要的→ ____________ adv.在第二，其次，在第二位
① __________________ 仅次于……
② ___________________ 中学教师
③ _________________________ 中学课程
second adv. ______________________________________________；n. ______________________________________
secondarily
secondary to sth.
secondary teachers
the secondary curriculum
以第二名；以第二位；(用于列举)第二，其次
秒(时间单位)；片刻；瞬间；秒(角度单位)
2．shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
① ____________________ 在(……的)阴凉处
② ________________________ 为……挡住……
③ ______________________ 使某人或事物黯然失色；使相形见绌
3.drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.& vi. 缓慢而费力地移动
① ________ 过得很慢；拖沓地进行
② ________________________ 硬撑着从床上爬起来
③ ________________________硬拉某人做某事
in the shade(of...)
shade...from/against...
put sb./sth.in the shade
drag on
drag oneself out of bed
drag sb.into doing sth.
4.privilege n．优惠待遇；特权 vt.给予……特权，有特权
① __________________________________有做某事的特权或荣幸
② __________________________________ 做某事是特权或荣幸。
③ _________________________荣幸地做某事
have the privilege of doing/to do sth.
It's a/one's privilege to do sth.
be privileged to do sth.
5.resign vt.& vi. 辞职；辞去
① _________________________ 辞去工作/职位
② ____________ 辞职
③ ______________________________ 顺从……；使自己安于(做)某事
④ _____________ 辞去当……的职务
⑤ ________________ 把……托付给……
resign one's job/post/position
resign from
resign oneself to(doing) sth.
resign as...
resign... to...
6．deserve v．应受；值得；应得
①_______________________________ 值得考虑/注意/赞扬
② ___________________ 应该做某事
③ _________________________________ 应该/值得被……
7．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入
① ___________________投入资源(指时间、知识、思想等)；投入；输入
② ______________……的投入
③ _______ n．产量，输出量；输出
deserve consideration/attention/praise
deserve to do sth.
deserve doing＝deserve to be done
input into/to sth.
input of sth.
output
8．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约→ ____________ adj.合同的，契约的；按合同(或契约)规定的→ ___________ n．承包人；承包商；承包公司
① ______________ 与……订立(某种协议或合同)，与……建立(某种关系)
② _____________ 承建；承包；承办
③ ______________________订约参与
④ _______________________订约不参与；退出(或不参加)合约
⑤ ____________________与……订立合同(或契约)
contractual
contractor
contract with
contract for
contract in (to sth.)
contract out (of sth.)
contract sb.to sth.
9．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→ ________ vt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查询
① _____________________ 与……磋商
② ______________________向某人咨询某事
③ ________________________________(就某事)与某人商量
consult
in consultation with
consult sb.about sth.
consult with sb.(about/on sth.)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. _______________ 极想做，渴望做
“渴望做某事”的其他表达法：
____________________________
___________________________
____________________________
___________________________
_________________
be dying to do
be thirsty for.../to do...
be eager for..../to do...
be anxious for.../to do...
long for.../long to do...
be dying for...
① _________________ 死于……
② _________(声、光、风)渐弱，逐渐消失
③ _________(火、暴风雨、光)渐弱，平息，渐息
④ ________完全消失，灭绝
die of/from sth.
die away
die down
die out
2. ___________ 做；忙于；从事于；多达；达到(数量/规格)；胜任；直到……为止；取决于，由……决定；是……的责任
① ____________________ 胜任做某事；正在忙于做某事
② _____________ 由某人决定
③ _______________________ 由某人决定做某事
④ __________ 到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)
⑤ ___________ 最新式的；现代的
(be) up to
be up to doing sth.
be up to sb.
be up to sb.to do sth.
up to now
up to date
3. _______________ 更不用说；且不说
(1)“更不用说”的其他表达法：
________________________________________________________
(2)其他常见的to do作插入语
① ____________________ 诚实/坦率/简单地说
② __________________ 实话说
③ _____________________________ 更糟糕的是
not to mention
to say nothing of/not to speak of/needless to say/much less/let alone
to be honest/frank/brief
to tell the truth
to make things/matters worse
④ ______________ 首先
⑤ ____________ 总之
⑥ __________ 总之
⑦ ______________________ 换种说法
⑧ _________________ 简单地说
to begin with
to conclude
to sum up
to put it another way
to put it simply
4. ___________________ (使自己)适应……
① _________________ 使自己适应……
② _________________ 调整……以做……
③ _____________ 根据……改编……
④ ____________ 把……改写/改编成……
⑤ ________________ 由……改编
adapt (oneself) to
adapt oneself to
adapt...to do...
adapt...from
adapt...for
be adapted from
5. _______________ 与……有关
“与……有关”的其他表达：
_______________
___________________
________________
______________________________
___________________________
be relevant to
be related to
be linked to/with
be involved in
be associated/connected with
have something to do with
6. __________________ 有影响，起(重要)作用
① ____________________________ (对……)有很大的影响/作用
② _________________________ (对……)有些影响/没有作用
③ _____________________________ (对……)关系重大/有很大影响
make a difference
make a big/a lot of difference (to)
make some/no difference (to)
make all the difference (to)
7. ___________________ 认为(……)理所当然；对(……)不予重视
① _________________________ (因习以为常)对……不予重视；(因视为当然而)不把……当回事
② ______________________________ 认为……是理所当然
③ ______ v．承认；同意；准许；授予
④ ____________________________________(尤指正式地或法律上)同意，准予，允许
⑤ _________________ 认真对待……
take(...) for granted
take sb./sth.for granted
take it for granted (that...)
grant
grant sth.to sb./sth.＝grant sb.sth.
take...seriously
⑥ ________________ 不用急；慢慢来
⑦ ______________ 以……自豪
⑧ _______________ 负责；掌管
⑨ __________________ 利用
⑩ _____________ 从容；不紧张；放松
take one's time
take pride in
take charge of
take advantage of
take it easy
8. ______________ 反对……(to是介词)
反对(做)某事： ____________________________________________ ________________________
同意(做)某事： ____________________________________________ ___________________________________
be opposed to
oppose (doing) sth. object to (doing) sth.
be against (doing) sth.
subscribe to (doing) sth. be for sth.
agree to (do) sth. be in favour of sth.
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.The other day I __________________________________________，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
有一天，我正在给男孩子们做一个化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就冒出试管，溅了一地。(when)
2．Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, ___________ ______________, Tombe.
上周末，我第一次去了一个偏远的村庄，那里住着我们的一个学生，汤贝。(同位语)
was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when
home to one
of our students
3．Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain _______________________________, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
另一个老师和我走了两个半小时到那儿——我们先爬上山，在那儿欣赏了优美的风景，然后沿一条荫蔽的小路到了下面的山谷。(where引导定语从句)
4．I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, ___________________________________________________.
我喜欢听他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能过多地加入他们的谈话。(even though)
from where we had fantastic views
even though I could not participate much in the conversation
5．Later, I noticed a can ______________________________________.
后来，我注意一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。(非谓语动词)
6．Why help people overseas __________________________________ __________ development
既然中国许多地区仍然需要发展，为什么要帮助外国人民呢？(when)
standing upside down on the grill over the fire
when China has many areas that are still
in need of
7．And, ___________________________________________________ _______, many of the people are quite poor and live without things we take for granted...
而且，虽然这个国家非常美丽，自然资源丰富，但很多人很穷，生活中没有我们认为理所当然的东西……(while)
8．Prior to this, if a Tanzanian _________________________________, they _________________________.
在这之前，坦桑尼亚人若患有心脏疾病需要做手术，他们必须出国才行。(if引导虚拟语气)
while the country is quite beautiful and has much natural
wealth
had a heart condition and needed surgery
would have to go abroad
9．Now, _____________________________________________ people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.
现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人民也得到了帮助。(not only...but....as well)
10. _______________________________________________________, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
既然我明白了我母亲的工作是多么重要，我决定自己成为一名志愿者，帮助其他地区的人们。(now that)
not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but
Now that I understand how important my mother's work is
吃塑料的“超级蠕虫”
(原文选自scitechdaily.com、www.scientificamerican.com)
语篇导读：塑料污染一直是困扰人们的重大环境问题。近日，澳大利亚的科学家们在寻找解决塑料垃圾的方法时，发现了一种爱吃塑料的“超级蠕虫”，它们仅靠进食塑料就能生存下来。这种超级蠕虫也叫大麦虫，实际上在生活中很常见。科学家希望这种“升级版”的生物循环能为人类提供塑料垃圾回收的新思路，从而减少垃圾填埋量。
A recent report revealed that, in the US alone, 27 million tons of plastic ended up in landfills in 2018, but only 3.1 million tons were recycled.Worldwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled.The statistics are even worse for certain types of plastic.For example, out of 80,000 tons of polystyrene(聚苯乙烯) containers generated in the United States, only a small amount (less than 5,000 tons) was recycled.
Now, researchers at The University of Queensland have found a species of worm with an appetite for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling on a mass scale.The superworm can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme(酶) in their gut.To study how superworms react to purely plastic food, researchers broke up 135 of the creatures into three teams: one was fed only wheat bran(麸皮), another was fed only plastics, and the third was given nothing.
“We found the bran-fed worms have been significantly healthier than the plastic-fed or starved worms, more than doubling their weight over the three weeks they have been monitored.Though the plastic-fed worms made less impressive gains, they still put on more weight than the starved worms，” Dr.Rinke said.“This suggests the worms can get energy from plastics, most likely with the help of their gut microbes.”
Researchers used a technique called metagenomics to find several encoded enzymes with the ability to degrade polystyrene.The long-term goal is to engineer enzymes to degrade plastic waste in recycling plants.
“Superworms are like mini recycling plants, eating the polystyrene and then feeding it to the bacteria in their gut，” Dr.Rinke said.It's hoped this bio-upcycling will promote plastic waste recycling and reduce landfills.Researchers said they aim to grow the gut bacteria in the lab and further test its ability to degrade polystyrene.Then they can look into how to upscale this process to a level required for an entire recycling plant.
1.What problem do the statistics in Paragraph 1 indicate ____
A．Landfills are poorly managed.
B．Plastics are recycled at a very low rate.
C．Many plastic containers are of poor quality.
D．It takes a long time for plastic waste to break up.
2.How do researchers conduct the study on superworms ____
A．By collecting data.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By introducing a concept.
D．By referring to a previous study.
B
B
3.What can we infer from Dr.Rinke's words ____
A．Plastic-fed worms had a decline in weight.
B．Superworms showed little interest in wheat bran.
C．Superworms could survive on only eating polystyrene.
D．Bran-fed worms had a longer lifespan than plastic-fed worms.
4.What do researchers plan to do ____
A．Conduct experiments on other worm species.
B．Improve gut bacteria's ability to degrade plastics.
C．Apply the bio-upcycling technology to recycling plants.
D．Raise superworms on a mass scale to solve plastic pollution.
C
C
词汇积累
1．on a mass scale 大规模地
2．encode v．把……编码
3．degrade v．降解
4．recycling plants 回收工厂
5．upscale v．升高一级
知识小百科
1．The University of Queensland
昆士兰大学，简称“昆大”“UQ”，始建于1909年，坐落在澳大利亚昆士兰州，是当地第一所综合型大学，也是世界五十强名校、世界著名顶尖学府、著名高等科研学府之一，同时还是澳大利亚常春藤联盟“八大名校”之一。
昆士兰大学作为澳洲八大联盟之一，位居2023U.S.News世界大学排名第36位，2023QS世界大学排名第50位，2023THE世界大学排名第53位。在2022年泰晤士高等教育世界大学学科排名中，昆士兰大学商科排名全球第39位、全澳第1位。
2．polystyrene
聚苯乙烯是指由苯乙烯单体经自由基加聚反应合成的聚合物，化学式是(C8H8)n。它是一种无色透明的热塑性塑料，具有高于100 ℃的玻璃转化温度，因此经常被用来制作各种需要承受开水的温度的一次性容器，以及一次性泡沫饭盒等。
2017年10月27日，世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单初步整理参考，聚苯乙烯在3类致癌物清单中。Unit 4 学业质量检测
(时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
选择题部分
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分， 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What worries the woman A
A．The exam. B．Her illness.
C．Lack of assistance.
2.How long will the party last B
A．1.5 hours. B．2 hours.
C．2.5 hours.
3.What would probably be the woman's favorite way to travel C
A．Driving a car.
B．Taking an airplane.
C．Taking a high-speed train.
4.Where are the two speakers probably B
A．In a classroom.
B．In a bookstore.
C．In a library.
5.What did Dick's parents do B
A．They wet his book.
B．They rejected his plan.
C．They traveled abroad.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What is the woman complaining about A
A．Too many ads for kids.
B．The expensive toys.
C．The unpleasant junk food.
7.Why does the woman think the ad is important at last C
A．Her kids aren't influenced by the ad.
B．Her company makes money from the ad.
C．The ad can attract people's attention.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Why does the man call the woman A
A．To cancel an appointment.
B．To extend an invitation.
C．To book a court.
9.How will the weather be this afternoon C
A．Warm. B．Windy.
C．Cold.
10.What will the man do tomorrow B
A．Play tennis. B．Take an exam.
C．See a doctor.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What's the relationship between the two speakers C
A．Doctor and patient.
B．Mother and son.
C．Husband and wife.
12.What's the matter with the man B
A．He is seriously ill.
B．He's caught a cold.
C．He dislikes his job.
13.What will the man do next A
A．Breathe in the steam.
B．Call his secretary.
C．Drink hot water.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.Where are the speakers B
A．In a restaurant.
B．On a film set.
C．In a studio.
15.What time did the speakers have breakfast A
A．At 8∶00 a．m.
B．At 9∶00 a．m.
C．At 10∶00 a．m.
16．How does the woman feel about the director C
A．Excited. B．Worried.
C．Annoyed.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.How long do ping-pong tables open to the public every day A
A．Nine hours. B．Ten hours.
C．Eleven hours.
18.Where did Wang Chen teach without proper tables B
A．In the park. B．In the church.
C．In the club.
19.What do we know about ping-pong from this talk A
A．It can help with depression.
B．It is relatively dangerous.
C．It is only a game of strength or speed.
20.What does the speaker mainly talk about B
A．The founding of a table tennis club.
B．The development of table tennis in the United States.
C．The benefits of playing table tennis.
听力原文
Text 1
M：You seem to be in low spirits.Why
W：Having been ill for several weeks, I might fail the exam.
M：Maybe I can help you.
Text 2
W：When will the party be over
M：It's supposed to end at 10∶00 p．m., but as it started at 8∶30 p．m., half an hour later than scheduled, it won't break up until 10∶30 p．m.
Text 3
M：I've been scared to travel by plane ever since I was a kid.I love driving, though.
W：I agree about flying.It's so inconvenient to driver long distances, though.
M：I bet a really fast train would be the best alternative.
W：Yes, that would be perfect!
Text 4
M：I'll answer your question as soon as I finish packing up the books for him.
W：OK.I'll have a look at your new books first.
Text 5
W：Is Dick still planning to travel abroad
M：No, his parents threw cold water on his plan.
Text 6
W：Look！There are so many ads.It's terrible how advertisers are going after kids.
M：They're just doing their job, marketing to the people who will bring them a lot of money.
W：But toy ads and junk food ads are broadcast!
M：Ads are something unpleasant that can't be avoided.
W：But don't you think it's wrong to control young viewers with these ads？Aren't they more susceptible to false advertising
M：Shh！That's our company's ad.It really gets your attention, doesn't it
W：Yeah, it's important.
Text 7
M：Hello, this is Daniel speaking.Is that Lucy
W：Yes.How is everything going, Daniel
M：Not very well.I've got a cold and coughed a lot.The doctor told me it's best to stay at home.That is why I'm calling you.
W：But we've made an appointment to play tennis this afternoon.I have booked a tennis court.
M：I know, but I'm afraid that I really can't make it.It is warm now, but the forecast calls for a sharp drop in temperature this afternoon.
W：Really
M：Yes.I don't want my condition to worsen，because there is an important exam tomorrow. I'm terribly sorry，Lucy.
W：Well, never mind.I hope you will recover soon.
Text 8
W：Time to get up，Mike.
M：I'm not feeling well，dear.
W：Oh，what's wrong
M：I think I've got a cold.
W：Shall I phone and tell your secretary you're not going to work today
M：Yes, please.And tell her I will be back tomorrow.
W：OK, I will call her later.But now I will get some boiled water for you and put something in the water that'll do you a lot of good.
M：Thanks, dear.
W：Water is ready.Put your nose above the water and take a deep breath.This will make you feel better.
M：I'll have a try.
Text 9
W：Where is the director？This is the third time he's been late this week.
M：If he is not here，tell the crew to break for lunch.
W：But it's barely 10∶00 a．m.We only had breakfast two hours ago.
M：I know, but that will buy an hour for us.I'll contact the studio to see if they know where he is.
W：Tell them they should fire him and you should take over.
M：I'm just the assistant director.I don't want to direct this movie.
W：But if you step forward and show your leadership, the studio will notice that and give you a film you do want.
M：I hadn't thought of it like that，but you're right.
Text 10
M：One of the special features at Bryant Park is ping-pong tables open to the public from 11∶00 a．m.to 8∶00 p．m.every day.The sign-up sheet can go up to several pages, and participants often have to wait for 20 to 30 minutes.When Wang Chen, a former Chinese national athlete came to the United States in 2000, the sport was not so popular.And Wang Chen Table Tennis Club，which opened in 2004，emphasizes professional training for table tennis as a sport.It was“extremely hard” to find a place to play ping-pong, and she had to drive two hours or more just to find somewhere to practice.When she couldn't find anywhere to play，she would practice in the neighbor's basement with amateurs, Wang says.Due to the lack of proper tables，Wang taught in churches，basements and bars.Now，ping-pong tables have appeared in bars, parks, community centers and clubs.People start to realize that ping-pong, as a relatively safe sport, is beneficial to the eyes and brain without the risk of getting hurt.One of Wang's students has done a study to prove that ping-pong helps with mental issues such as depression and Alzheimer's.Ping-pong is not simply a game of strength or speed, it includes observation and strategy, and can be described as a mind game as well as a sport, adds Wang.
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·甘肃省酒泉市一模)
Get involved with our research
Some of our research projects depend on how generous people like you are.Whether it's using your home PC, taking part in a medical experiment or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to help some of the creative projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research.Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.
Seeking poor sleepers for sleeplessness research
Trouble sleeping We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65.The activity will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, testing your sleep/wake cycle, and completing the tasks on the computer.If you are interested, please contact the research team at sleeplessness@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.
Volunteers with lazy eye(弱视) wanted
We are looking for volunteers aged 18-45 with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning(扫描) study.You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check if you are suitable for an MRI(核磁共振) scan.Call 01865 223622 for more information.
Oxford Vaccine(疫苗) Group
The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent medical experiment group.OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children.To get more information, please see the OVG website.
Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences
The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, needs some people to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as something about economy and politics.We treat our subjects well, there are no special skills required and you don't have to come to the lab in person.Contact us at socialscience.study@ox.ac.uk for more information.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几项需要志愿者的研究项目的详细信息、要求和参与方式等。
21.How can you get more information about the project “Volunteers with lazy eye wanted”？ A
A．By calling 01865 223622.
B．By seeing the OVG website.
C．By surfing the website: sleeplessness@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.
D．By referring to the website: socialscience.study@ox.ac.uk.
解析：细节理解题。根据Volunteers with lazy eye(弱视) wanted部分的“Call 01865 223622 for more information.(查询详情请致电01865 223622。)”可知，致电01865 223622就能得到更多关于“Volunteers with lazy eye wanted”项目的更多的信息。故选A。
22.What should you do if you volunteer for sleeplessness research B
①Have your brain scanned.
②Finish the tasks on the computer.
③Have your sleep/wake cycle tested.
④Spend overnights in the sleep laboratory.
⑤Answer questions about your surfing behavior.
A．③④⑤ B．②③④
C．②④⑤ D．①④⑤
解析：细节理解题。根据Seeking poor sleepers for sleeplessness research部分的“The activity will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, testing your sleep/wake cycle, and completing the tasks on the computer.(这项活动包括在牛津大学的睡眠实验室过夜，测试你的睡眠/清醒周期，并在电脑上完成任务。)”可知，如果你自愿参加失眠研究，你要在睡眠实验室过夜，测试你的睡眠/清醒周期，完成电脑上的任务，即②③④。故选B。
23.What will be involved in the project “Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences”？ D
A．Medical history.
B．Examining your eyes.
C．Vaccines for prevention of infection.
D．Finance and politics.
解析：细节理解题。根据Oxford experimental lab for the Social Sciences部分的第一句 (牛津大学互联网研究所(Oxford Internet Institute)和商学院(Business School)需要一些人参与基于电脑的实验，涉及网上冲浪行为以及经济和政治方面的内容。)”可知，“牛津社会科学实验室”项目将涉及经济和政治。故选D。
B
(2023·广州市铁一中学高二期末)
As 17-year-old Norwood drove through Florida, last February, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams.As they approached an intersection, another car T-boned them, sending their car sailing into the yard of a nearby home, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It's about to explode! Get out！” Shaken, but otherwise OK, Norwood crawled out through the window as the driver's side door couldn't be opened.Along with two of her friends, who'd also managed to free themselves, she ran for her life.But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn't with them.Norwood ran back and found Simmons unconscious in the back seat.She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out.She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground.After checking her pulse and found there was no sign of life, she started CPR.
Had the accident happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have known what to do.But just the day before, Norwood, who wanted to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate by learning on her own.Kneeling on the ground and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had precious little time to practice what she'd learned.
She started pumping Simmons's chest with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friend's mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.After quite a while, Simmons began coughing and taking quick deep breaths for air.The CPR had worked! Soon, the ambulance arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital.And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life.“I wasn't shocked，” Simmons told others.“She will always help any way she can.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了发生车祸后，17岁的Norwood利用自己所学的心肺复苏术及时救助朋友的故事。
24.What caused the car crash D
A．The girls were too excited to notice another car.
B．Norwood drove the car too quickly that day.
C．Norwood's car crashed into a tree in a yard.
D．Another car hit Norwood's car near the intersection.
解析：细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句(当他们接近一个十字路口时，另一辆车撞上了他们，把他们的车撞进了附近一户人家的院子，直到撞到一棵树时才停下来。)可知，另一辆车在十字路口附近撞上了Norwood的车，才导致的车祸。故选D。
25.What's Norwood's immediate reaction after hearing the bystander's warning？ B
A．She crawled out through the window and looked for her friends.
B．She ran for her life but turned back to save her friend.
C．She dragged her friends out and performed CPR at once.
D．She opened the driver's side door and pulled her friend out.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，听到旁观者的警告后，Norwood的立即反应是：拼命逃命，但又转身去救她的朋友。故选B。
26.Why did Norwood know how to perform CPR B
A．She had learned CPR in school classes.
B．She just received her CPR certificate.
C．The bystander told her how to do it.
D．She pursued a career in medicine.
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“But just the day before, Norwood, who wanted to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate by learning on her own.(但就在前一天，想要从事医学职业的Norwood通过自学获得了CPR证书。)”可知，因为Norwood刚拿到心肺复苏证书，所以她会做心肺复苏术。故选B。
27.What's the best title of the passage A
A．Breath of Life
B．A Frightening Night
C．Power of Knowledge
D．An Admirable Girl.
解析：标题归纳题。全文讲了Norwood在开车遭遇车祸后，冒着车子爆炸的危险救出已经没有气息的朋友，并用自己的急救知识为朋友施行心肺复苏术挽回其生命的故事，故A选项(生命的呼息)为最佳标题。故选A。
C
(2023·辽宁省沈阳市二模)
People who give, live longer, studies have shown.Now, a new study by University of Michigan researchers shows that why people volunteer—not whether they volunteer—is what really counts.
For the study, Konrath and colleagues analyzed data collected in 2008 and 2012 aiming at the same random samples of 3,376 people.Overall, they found that just 2.3 percent of those who once worked as volunteers had died, compared to 4.3 percent of non-volunteers.They further found that how much people volunteered mattered as well—only 1.8 percent of regular volunteers died, compared with 2.5 percent of occasional volunteers.
But what really made a difference were people's motives for volunteering.The researchers asked people to rate how important they found various reasons for volunteering, and they found that the more important people rated reasons such as feeling pity for people in need, the more likely they were to be alive.Those who rated motives related to personal benefit as more important were more likely to have died, and just as likely to die as those who didn't volunteer at all.These reasons included volunteering because they enjoyed the social contact, to escape their own problems, or to explore their own strengths.
Konrath says the current findings suggest it may be a poor idea to encourage people to volunteer because it's good for them.“Volunteering is increasingly being encouraged in schools and organizations.Some groups say that it's okay to want benefits for yourself, and encourage people to think of volunteering as an exchange for personal interests.Some groups emphasize the health benefits received through volunteering.” Konrath added, “Of course, it's reasonable for volunteers to expect benefits for themselves.But the potential health benefits of volunteering are significantly reduced if self-benefit becomes a person's main motive”．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，我们做志愿者的动机会影响我们的健康。
28.What does the new study mainly find D
A．How we volunteer makes sense to others.
B．How often we volunteer makes a difference.
C．Whether we volunteer decides our well-being.
D．Why we volunteer has an impact on our health.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段 (研究表明，给予的人更长寿。现在，密歇根大学研究人员的一项新研究表明，真正重要的是人们为什么要做志愿者，而不是他们是否做志愿者。) 可知，新研究主要发现了我们做志愿者的原因会影响我们的健康。故选D。
29.How did the researchers do the research？ C
A．By doing experiments.
B．Through field research.
C．By analyzing statistics.
D．Through group discussion.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二中“For the study, Konrath and colleagues analyzed data collected in 2008 and 2012 aiming at the same random samples of 3,376 people.(在这项研究中，Konrath和他的同事分析了2008年和2012年收集的数据，目标是3 376人的随机样本。)”可知，研究者是通过分析数据来进行这项研究的。故选C。
30.Which of the following motives will probably contribute to a longer life？ B
A．To develop abilities.
B．To help the poor people
C．To make more friends.
D．To solve personal problems.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“they found that the more important people rated reasons such as feeling pity for people in need, the more likely they were to be alive(他们发现，人们对诸如同情需要帮助的人等这样的原因评价越重要，他们活更久的可能性就越大)”可推知，帮助那些穷人可能有助于长寿。故选B。
31.What is the last paragraph's function B
A．To offer practical suggestions on the further studies.
B．To give further explanation of the current findings.
C．To raise a reasonable doubt about the research results.
D．To show potential applications of the research methods.
解析：推理判断题。本段解释了如果以获得好处为主要动机而进行志愿者活动，志愿者服务的潜在健康好处就会大大降低，也就是对第一段提出的发现：做志愿者的原因影响我们的健康，做出进一步解释。故选B。
D
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others？A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f”and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，”said Steven Moran，a member of the research team.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联研究。
32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on D
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
解析：推理判断题。题干问的是“Damián Blasi的研究集中在人类语音的哪个方面？”，根据第二段内容可知，Damián Blasi的研究集中在语音的发展。故选D。
33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals C
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
解析：推理判断题。题干问的是“为什么古代成年人很难产生唇齿音？”，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段的内容可知，他们发现古代成人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难产生唇齿音，而唇齿音由下唇接触上牙产生。之后，我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构，这让我们更容易产生这样的声音。由此可推知，他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about A
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析：段落大意题。题干问的是“第五段主要讲述了什么？”，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第五段。由第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段主要列出一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。故选A。
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds C
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
解析：细节理解题。题干问的是“Steven Moran对人类语音有什么看法？”，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的最后一段。Steven Moran认为：自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的产物。由此可推知，它是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·辽宁省海城市高级中学高二月考)
How to maintain friendships as we get older
When we are children, we believe the first friends we make are our friends forever. 36.F .We lose contact with old friends over the years.Don't worry.Here's what you can do to keep your current friendships.
Remember what brought you together
Remembering why you became friends in the first place can help make your friendship with each other last. 37.C like interesting stories you've shared and the bad feelings you've experienced.All these things will make you and your friend realize how important it is to have each other.
38.A
The death of friendships comes knocking when we start comparing ourselves to our friends.When you're in different life stages, it can feel like you're not doing as well as your friend.Instead of thinking about what you don't have, think about how you can grow together with your friend.You can even ask your friend for guidance.
Make time for new memories
A great way to keep friendship exciting is to make time to create new memories together. 39.E .This gives everyone an opportunity to have much-needed leisure time away from work.
Be a positive force
Nobody wants to be around someone who's negative on a daily basis. 40.D .Cheer on your friends for the successes they achieve, take interest in their latest projects and show care when they're feeling down.Remember the quote：“I will take care of myself for you and you'll take care of yourself for me.”
A．Avoid social comparisons
B．Remember to ask your friend for help
C．Talk about the history you have together
D．What we can do is to be kinder to one another
E．A good start is to try new activities with friends
F．However, we should admit that friends do get separated
G．Think about what to do when you are in a negative mood
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着年龄的增长，我们该如何维持友谊的一些方法。
解析：
36．根据上文(当我们还是孩子的时候，我们相信我们交的第一批朋友就是我们永远的朋友。)可知，小时候我们以为朋友是永远的；根据下文(这些年来，我们与老朋友失去了联系。)可知，朋友并不是永远在那里的。因此空处与前文是转折的。F项 (然而，我们应该承认朋友确实会分离) 与上文构成转折，且与下文意义一致。故选F。
37．C项(谈谈你们在一起的历史)中“the history you have together”与标题“what brought you together”意义一致，且下文“interesting stories you've shared and the bad feelings you've experienced”是对C项中“the history you have together”的举例。故选C。
38．根据下文“The death of friendships comes knocking when we start comparing ourselves to our friends.(当我们开始拿自己和朋友比较时，友谊就会消亡。)”可知，本段的主题是，为了维持友谊，我们不应该和朋友比较。A项(避免社会性比较)与下文一致，符合语境。故选A。
39．E项(和朋友一起尝试新的活动是一个好的开始)中“A good start”指上文“to create new memories together”的开始，且“try new activities”与上文“create new memories”意义一致。下文“This”就是指E项中的“to try new activities”。因此E项承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
40．根据前一句(没人愿意和一个每天都很消极的人在一起。)”可知，为了维持友谊，我们应该保持积极。下文是保持积极乐观的具体做法。D项(我们能做的就是善待彼此)承上启下，引出了下文，当你的朋友处于消极情绪时，你的具体的积极做法，符合语境。故选D。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41.C are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.Once, we 42.A along Chalk Creek.I was 43.D that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪)．I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was 44.C ，and his crying let the whole campground know it.So 45.B tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.It 46.A —he didn't end up in the creek.My three-year-old，however, did.
Another time，we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we 47.D , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48.B our peaceful morning trip.The 49.A picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to 50.C the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No 51.A .We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there 52.D , a fisherman pulled up，threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back.We were 53.C .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54.D ，wondering what camping fun and 55.B we will experience next.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家人热爱户外活动，作者从自己一家人过去10年里野营的经历中摘取两个片段作了描述，一次是在溪边露营，三岁的儿子掉进小溪中；另外一次，作者一家人在湖中划船垂钓时遭遇暴风雨，所幸一个渔民开船过来把作者一家人拖到了岸边。
41.A.ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
解析：前文说过去10年作者一家有美好的野营经历(My husband...over the past ten years.)，下文说“especially from the early years when our children were little”，由此判断此处应选C，表示记忆，回忆。idea想法；joke玩笑；discovery发现。故选C。
42.A.camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
解析：根据下文的“He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it.”可知，此处表示作者一家选择在Chalk Creek旁边露营，camp表示“露营，野营”。故选A。
43.A.annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
解析：根据空后的“that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪)”可知，这里说的是作者担心自己15个月的孩子会掉进小溪里。故选D。
44.A.unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
解析：前文说作者“tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot”，下文提到孩子哭叫。由此可推知，孩子哭叫是因为他被绳子拴住腰部感到不舒服(uncomfortable)。故选C。
45.A.due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
解析：前文说作者给15个月大的孩子系上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫，下文说“I just kept a close eye on him”，由此可知，这里表示作者不再用绳子拴着他，instead of表示“而不是，代替”。故选B。
46.A.worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
解析：根据上文内容和下文中的“he didn't end up in the creek”可知，这里表示作者在露营的时候一直密切关注自己15个月大的孩子，这一招很有效，孩子没有掉进小溪里。故选A。
47.A.signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者一家人出发时天气还是晴朗的，但暴风雨快速来临了。因此这里应用head off表示“出发”。故选D。
48.A.arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
解析：根据语境及常识可知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨打断了作者一家平静的旅途，interrupt表示“打断”。故选B。
49.A.wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
解析：前文说山中暴风雨来得很快，再结合空后的“picked up and thunder rolled”可知，wind表示“风越来越大”。故选A。
50.A.find B．hide
C．start D．fix
解析：根据空前的“stopped fishing”及下文中的“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor”可知，作者一家人乘坐的船原本停在湖面，作者的丈夫在钓鱼，暴风雨来临之后丈夫赶紧启动(start)船只的发动机。故选C。
51.A.luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
解析：结合前文的“Nothing.”和下文中的“We were stuck in the middle of the lake”可知，作者的丈夫再次启动发动机，不幸的是还是发动不了。故选A。
52.A.patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly
解析：前文说发动机发动不了，船被困在湖中，由此可推知，当时作者一家人无计可施，helplessly表示“无助地”。故选D。
53.A.sorry B．brave
C．safe D．right
解析：前文说作者一家人被困湖中，此时一个渔民把作者一家人拖到岸边，由此可推知最终我们“安全”了。故选C。
54.A.relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
解析：下文说“wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next”，由此可知，作者很喜欢这样的经历，excitement表示“兴奋”。故选D。
55.A.failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
解析：根据前文对两次野营经历的描述可知，此处应用名词adventure表示“奇遇，冒险”。故选B。
非选择题部分
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·安徽省、云南省、吉林省、黑龙江省高三适应性测试)
The government has awarded $5 million to three different local nonprofit organizations.The money will 56.be distributed (distribute) over a four-year period and is aimed at helping approximately 1,000 homeless people in the county of Arvada.
One agency, 57.based (base) in Woodbridge, is expected 58.to receive (receive)$1.5 million.The agency director says that they will focus their resources on 59.educating (educate) the homeless.“We will probably build another school-home with this money, ”he said.A school-home is exactly 60.what it sounds like.It is a school and a home.We have already built four school-homes throughout the county.We get the homeless off the street, 61.and we educate them so they don't have to return to the street.We teach them how to be gardeners, painters, carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, and air-conditioning repairmen.
“You wouldn't believe 62.the success that we have had.In fact, a couple of weeks ago, our office air-conditioning went out.My secretary called a repairman.To our surprise, the repairman 63.was (be) one of our first homeless students.He now owns his own air-conditioning business, plus two houses, two cars and a boat! He has a dozen employees.He's doing better than I am.He fixed our air-conditioning 64.for free.I think I might sign up for the air-conditioning class 65.myself (I)．”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。讲述了政府向当地非营利组织奖励了500万美元，这些钱将被用来帮助无家可归的人，文章还具体讲述了一家非盈利组织救助无家可归者采取的措施以及取得的成功。
解析：
56．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这笔钱将在四年时间内分发，目的是帮助阿瓦达县大约1 000名无家可归的人。分析句子可知，distribute和will构成谓语动词，与主语The money是被动关系，空前有助动词will，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填be distributed。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：一家机构，总部在Woodbridge，预计将获得150万美元。分析句子可知，“(base) in Woodbridge”作定语，base与one agency是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填based。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be expected to do sth.意为“被预计……”，用不定式作主语补足语。故填to receive。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：该机构负责人表示，他们将把资源集中在教育无家可归者上。介词后接动名词作宾语。故填educating。
60．考查表语从句。句意：一所“学校之家”就是它听起来的样子。分析句子可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句like是介词，缺少宾语，指物。故填what。
61．考查连词。句意：我们让无家可归的人离开街头，我们教育他们，这样他们就不必回到街头。根据句意并分析句子可知，设空处用连词连接两个句子，前后文是顺承关系。故填and。
62．考查冠词。句意：你不会相信我们已经取得的成功。修饰名词用冠词，根据句意此处特指“我们已经取得的成功”。故填the。
63．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：令我们吃惊的是，那个修理工是我们第一批无家可归的学生之一。根据上文的“a couple of weeks ago”可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且主语the repairman是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
64．考查介词。句意：他免费修理了我们的空调。for free意为“免费地”。故填for。
65．考查代词。句意：我想我也可以自己报名参加空调课。分析句子并根据句意可知，设空处与主语指同一人，故用反身代词作状语。故填myself。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
(2023·辽宁省六校协作体月考)
假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信：
1．对此活动的认识；
2．个人优势。
注意：1.词数不少于80；
2．可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
参考词汇：晨曦希望小学Chenxi Hope School
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two.
Yours Sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two.I wish to apply for the job as a volunteer to help the students in Chenxi Hope School with their English.Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation.Meanwhile, I can learn how to get along with the students and benefit the whole school.
I'm kind, easy-going and always ready to help others.I wash clothes and make beds by myself to develop independence.English is my favourite subject and I've won several prizes in English contests.So I think that I'm qualified for the position.
I'd appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours Sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模)
I had stopped at the Swindon services(服务区) while on my way back to London.As I drove up the slip road, I spotted a man with a backpack and his thumb(拇指) out.I pulled over and lowered the window.
“Which way are you heading？” I asked.“I'm going back to London.”
“Ah, that would be grand，” came his immediate reply.He opened the door and lifted his backpack on to the back seat.“I'm Brendan，” he said with an easy smile and a rich Irish (爱尔兰) tongue.“I was getting a bit desperate.I've had my thumb out for a day and half.Nobody seems to stop these days.”
“I haven't eaten in days，” said Brendan.“I'm trying to get home.”
I've always enjoyed picking up hitchhikers.I used to be a motoring journalist and crossed the country in various test cars.Picking up a hiker always made me feel a little less guilty about all the miles I was doing.
As we headed east along the motorway, Brendan told me how he came to be waiting for a lift on that particular evening, and also about the two recent family tragedies (悲剧) that had ruined him and pushed him out of his old life and on to the road.
Brendan told me that he was 52.He laughed a lot and enjoyed his off-grid(不入网的) lifestyle.Until last week, that is, when he'd been mugged(抢劫)．
“Three young men in Birmingham took my other pack and it had all my money in it.I've been sleeping out since then.I haven't eaten in days.I'm hoping to get some casual work in London, so I can then get myself home to Ireland.”
It must have been the concept of home that got me, and helping a man who'd clearly had a tough time seemed like the right thing to do.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
As we were approaching the Heathrow turn-off (希思罗机场岔道), I had an idea.
Paragraph 2：
Before he left to buy his air ticket, he gave me a huge hug.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
As we were approaching the Heathrow turn-off, I had an idea.“Why don't I just drop you at the airport now？” I said.“I'll buy you a ticket and you can fly home.” “That's so kind of you，” he replied.Then, after a pause, “and please don't worry.I'll definitely wire you the money when I get home.” I pulled onto the airport avenue and soon dropped him off outside the terminal building.I went to a cash point, got out 10 shiny new 20 notes and handed them over.He took the money and thanked me again and again.
Paragraph 2：
Before he left to buy his air ticket, he gave me a huge hug.He took my phone number and said he'd call as soon as he could to arrange the transfer.I bid farewell to him without any real idea whether I'd ever see the man or the money again.As I drove the final miles to my own house in London, I felt happier thinking about Brendan.He asked for help, for a lift to get home, and in good faith I gave them to him.That's got to be a good thing.
