第五部分 高考题型组合练
组合练1
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·山东省枣庄市高三一模)
It's hard to imagine any gifts more convenient than online flower delivery.There is no driving to the local florist shop, no waiting on hold, and no searching for a phone number for a flower delivery service in the area you need to send.You simply select the bouquet or arrangement, and enter the delivery and payment information.Besides, many offer additional gifts including gift baskets, chocolates, teddy bears and so on.
Fast Flower Delivery Online
When you buy flowers online, you can get flower delivery just as fast as if you place the order in person or over the phone.If you place your order early in the day with an Internet florist, many of the best can deliver on the same day.
Send Flowers for Less
Customers often find better prices when buying on the Internet, because online flower shops typically have lower prices and more discount deals.These shops have less overhead (运营费用) and costs, so they can pass the savings on to the customer.In addition, you usually get a much better deal, especially at busy holidays such as Valentine's Day, Easter, Mother's Day, Christmas, etc.
Spectacular Flower Selection
A typical local flower shop does not have a big selection to choose, and also, when you order flowers over the phone you can't see what you'll get.Online flower shops have pictures, and still many have a spectacular selection to choose from.Plus, if one Internet florist doesn't have what you want, it'll take just a few seconds to buy flowers online from another florist site.
1.What might you get on a special holiday？
A．Faster delivery. B．Wider choices.
C．More discount. D．Extra gifts.
2.In which aspect is online flower delivery better than over the phone？
A．You see pictures of the flowers.
B．You needn't drive to the shop.
C．You can pay afterwards.
D．You have a faster service.
3.What is the purpose of the text？
A．To show the advantages of online shopping.
B．To help run an online floral business.
C．To advertise an online flower shop.
D．To promote online flower delivery.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。从速度、价格、选择三个方面详细论述了鲜花配送服务的好处，来推广线上鲜花配送。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“In addition, you usually get a much better deal, especially at busy holidays such as Valentine's Day, Easter, Mother's Day, Christmas, etc.(此外，你通常会得到更好的折扣，尤其是在繁忙的节日，如情人节、复活节、母亲节、圣诞节等。)”可知，在节假日买花优惠更多。故选C。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第一段“You simply select the bouquet or arrangement, and enter the delivery and payment information.(您只需选择花束或布置，然后输入送货和付款信息。)”可知，相对于电话订购，网络订购可以看到鲜花图片并选择自己想要的样式。故选A。
3．D 写作意图题。文章开门见山，抛出话题：鲜花配送服务。之后从速度、价格、选择三个方面详细论述了鲜花配送服务的好处，所以D选项“To promote online flower delivery.(推广线上鲜花配送。)”是本篇文章的目的。故选D。
B
(2023·湖南省衡阳市高三二模)
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you've worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia (生产力畸形)．It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you're running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”．
Highly competitive and job-led culture contribute to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.In fact, you're often praised for putting productivity above your well-being.Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance Similarly, companies prefer employees who get the maximum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks.Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Plus, the problem isn't that the boss tells them to do it, but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they're going somewhere to enjoy leisure time.Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn't improve performance in some way.Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work.The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals.The worst part There's no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
4.What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in Paragraph 1？
A．Tired. B．Excited.
C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.
5.Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity？
A．Minor competitiveness.
B．Pressure from jobs.
C．Instructions from the boss.
D．Internalized needs.
6.Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia？
A．A man completes work in working hours.
B．A man enjoys leisure time with his family.
C．A woman works everywhere at anytime.
D．A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.
7.What is the author's attitude towards the description of some writers？
A．Favorable. B．Negative.
C．Unconcerned. D．Neutral.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生，其形成的原因以及对人们生活的影响。
4．A 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout？(你是否觉得自己应该做更多的工作，尽管你已经工作了很长时间，几乎筋疲力尽了？)”以及“It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more”可知，生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下，仍然想继续工作，对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故选A。
5．D 细节理解题。根据第三段“Highly competitive and job-led culture contribute to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.(高度竞争和以工作为主导的文化有助于不断追求生产力，从而侵蚀生活的其他领域。)”和第四段“Plus, the problem isn't that the boss tells them to do it, but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they're going somewhere to enjoy leisure time.(另外，问题不是老板让他们这么做，而是他们把保持高效的需求内化了，即使他们要去某个地方享受闲暇时间。)”可知，内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。故选D。
6．C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia(生产力畸形)．(你是否觉得自己应该做更多的工作，尽管你已经工作了很长时间，几乎筋疲力尽了？你可能正在经历生产力畸形。)”可知，文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下，仍然想继续工作，对自己已完成的工作没有成就感，“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。故选C。
7．B 观点态度题。根据最后一段“Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn't improve performance in some way.Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work.The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals.The worst part There's no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.(一些作家甚至开始把休息描述为富有成效，仿佛如果休息不能在某种程度上提高工作表现，人们就应该停止放松。这种心态不仅会让你很难看到和庆祝你的成就，还会推动你围绕工作建立整个生活。唯一重要的里程碑是实现工作目标。最糟糕的是什么？当你达到这些目标时，你没有成就感。)”可知，本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三一模)
Five Ways to Build Trust
Trust is a thread that runs through all our connections, from the closest relationships to people we meet only temporarily.In other words, trust is the key to a healthy start with friends.If you want to develop trust in a new friendship, try these five tips.
Listen with care
When someone you're with is expressing themselves, listen to them properly and attentively. 1 .As they open up to you, you'll feel more confident about conveying your inner thoughts in return.
Communicate your worries
2 We subconsciously apply these to a new friendship.If you find it hard to trust due to a sorrowful past friendship experience, then don't be afraid to explain this.Tell your new friends you're trying to learn to trust again.Honesty breeds (孕育) trust.
Take your time
Don't rush into anything and stick to the boundaries.Avoid asking confidential questions.You may gradually get familiar with their behaviors and then build a new friendship with mutual (相互的) trust coming along. 3 .After all, a trustworthy friend doesn't push others to go all in at the very beginning.Trust wasn't built in one day.
4
Set aside your doubts for a while.It can be easy to fall into a trap thinking that this new friend is going to disappoint you in some way that you've experienced before.But you need to give each fresh connection a chance to develop on its own terms.
Take a risk
Put yourself into a situation where you need to put a little faith into the other person. 5 .Breaking the ice can be challenging, but if you both step outside of your comfort zone a little, trust will be rooted in this new friendship easily.
A．Don't assume
B．Accept your past
C．Trust is a two-way connection
D．Our ability to trust is influenced by our learning and experiences
E．A milder start with new friends will make them feel more comfortable
F．You can book an activity to spend time together or arrange to go somewhere new
G．Therefore, it seems unkind to let this misunderstanding ruin your new friendship
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了5个建立信任的小建议，包括仔细倾听、表达自己的担忧、循序渐进、不要预先假设以及适当冒险。
1．C 段中题。根据小标题“Listen with care(仔细倾听)”可知，本段主旨为倾听他人在建立信任中的重要性。联系下文“As they open up to you, you'll feel more confident about conveying your inner thoughts in return.(当他们向你敞开心扉，你会更自信地传达你的内在想法作为回报。)”中的in return可以看出信任的双向特征，C选项“Trust is a two-way connection(信任是一种双向的联系)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
2．D 段首题。根据小标题“Communicate your worries(表达你的担忧)”可知，本段主旨为跟新朋友表达自己的难处和担忧。联系下文“We subconsciously apply these to a new friendship.(我们下意识地把这些应用到一段新的友谊中。)”中的these指代上文复数形式的名词，D选项“Our ability to trust is influenced by our learning and experiences(我们的信任能力受到我们的学习和经验的影响)”中的learning and experiences对应恰当，说明了我们会下意识地将过去经历应用于新的一段友情。故选D。
3．E 段中题。根据本段小标题“Take your time(慢慢来)”可知，本段主旨为建立信任要慢慢来。结合下文“After all, a trustworthy friend doesn't push others to go all in at the very beginning.(毕竟，一个值得信赖的朋友在最开始并不会强行让他人付出全部。)”中的push对应E选项“A milder start with new friends will make them feel more comfortable(和新朋友相处时温和一点会让他们感觉更舒服)”中的a milder start，相反地对照进一步说明一个温和的开始会让朋友们觉得更舒服。故选E。
4．A 小标题。对比其他小标题，应选择祈使句。本段首句为“Set aside your doubts for a while.(先把你的怀疑放在一边。)”，同时结合“It can be easy to fall into a trap thinking that this new friend is going to disappoint you in some way that you've experienced before.(你很容易陷入一个陷阱，认为这个新朋友会以你以前经历过的某种方式让你失望。)”，表明之前的经历让你预判这个新朋友会使你失望。因此本段主旨为不要让你过去的事情形成预设和偏见，A选项“Don't assume(不要假设)”符合本段内容和结构要求。故选A。
5．F 段中题。本段标题为“Take a risk(冒点险)”，要阐述建立信任需要迈出第一步，承担走出舒适区的风险。联系上文“Put yourself into a situation where you need to put a little faith into the other person.(让自己置身于需要对他人抱有一点信心的环境中。)”说明空处需要出现a situation的具体场景；“Breaking the ice can be challenging, but if you both step outside of your comfort zone a little, trust will be rooted in this new friendship easily.(打破坚冰是很有挑战性的，但是如果你们都稍微走出自己的舒适区，信任就会很容易在这段新的友谊中扎根。)”中的the ice为特指，空处需要出现具体的the ice。F选项“You can book an activity to spend time together or arrange to go somewhere new(你可以预定一个活动来共度时光，或者安排去一个新的地方)”跟下文的breaking the ice联系紧密。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·安徽省宿州市高三一模)
Born with polio (小儿麻痹症), Ryder Killam started using a wheelchair at two.When he started kindergarten, Ryder had to be 1. 75 feet to the end of the driveway to wait for the school bus every day.He had to 2. rain, wind, and snow while waiting for the bus, so his father Tim put up a patio umbrella (庭院伞) to provide some 3. from the elements.But it didn't accomplish much unless it was just a rainy day with no 4. otherwise he still would get wet and not stay warm.
Tim 5. to the community for an old bus hut but no luck.Then he 6. a post on Facebook to see if someone could help build Ryder a new one.Dan McKena, who had been teaching construction technology, responded with an “7. ”．Three of Mr Mckena's classes at Westerly High School 8. the project.They worked hard for numerous weeks, 9. by the cause and knowing that soon a 10. winter would be falling.On November 2, the hut was finally delivered to the home.
It was big enough to allow such great 11. for Ryder and an adult to be with him comfortably.Ryder's first 12. was “Wow! Perfectly！” He loved it and wanted to hang out in it all the time.The family sent a photo of Ryder in the bus 13. and thanked Dan and his students for their hard work.The teens were extremely 14. to see just how their project has helped others.This project brought out community together a bit.It showed that there is still so much 15. in this world and town!
1.A.driven B．pushed
C．hidden D．carried
2.A.survive B．observe
C．admire D．battle
3.A.decoration B．experience
C．protection D．entertainment
4.A.snow B．wind
C．fog D．frost
5.A.reached out B．gave in
C．held on D．set down
6.A.found B．sought
C．placed D．answered
7.A.absolutely B．obviously
C．impossibly D．incredibly
8.A.completed B．abandoned
C．launched D．rejected
9.A.shocked B．confused
C．reminded D．motivated
10.A.hard B．mild
C．dry D．late
11.A.variety B．access
C．passion D．treasure
12.A.choice B．action
C．decision D．reaction
13.A.station B．company
C．shelter D．seat
14.A.excited B．lucky
C．astonished D．uncertain
15.A.conflict B．good
C．misfortune D．fun
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了坐轮椅的莱德需要候车亭来遮风避雨，教建筑技术的丹·麦凯纳组织自己的学生为他制作了一个，这彰显出这个世界和城市存在着善行与美好。
1．B 考查动词辨析。句意：当莱德开始上幼儿园时，他每天都要被推到车道尽头75英尺的地方等校车。A.driven驾驶，驱赶；B.pushed推；C.hidden隐藏；D.carried提，搬。根据上文“Ryder Killam started using a wheelchair at two.”和句中“to the end of the driveway to wait for the school bus”可知，坐轮椅的莱德需要被推去等校车。故选B。
2．D 考查动词辨析。句意：在等公共汽车的时候，他不得不冒着雨、风和雪，所以他的父亲蒂姆撑了一把庭院伞，为他提供一些保护。A.survive活下来，幸存；B.observe注意到，观察；C.admire钦佩，仰慕；D.battle与……作战，和……斗争。根据上文可知，坐轮椅的莱德需要在车道尽头等校车，结合常识可知，等待的过程中会遭遇各种恶劣天气，即“与各种恶劣天气斗争”。故选D。
3．C 考查名词辨析。句意：在等公共汽车的时候，他不得不冒着雨、风和雪，所以他的父亲蒂姆撑了一把庭院伞，为他提供一些保护。A.decoration装饰；B.experience经历；C.protection保护，防护；D.entertainment娱乐。根据“his father Tim put up a patio umbrella(庭院伞)”可知，父亲撑了一把庭院伞的目的是给莱德遮风避雨，提供一些保护。故选C。
4．B 考查名词辨析。句意：但这并没有多大作用，除非是一个没有风的雨天，否则他还是会被淋湿，无法保暖。A.snow雪；B.wind风；C.fog雾；D.frost霜。根据“otherwise he still would get wet and not stay warm”可知，如果遇到风雨天，尽管撑了一把庭院伞，莱德还是会被淋湿。所以除非是一个没有风的雨天，否则庭院伞是没有多大作用的。故选B。
5．A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：蒂姆向社区求助，想要一间旧候车亭，但运气不太好。A.reached out伸出，寻求帮助；B.gave in屈服；C.held on不挂断电话；D.set down放下。根据“to the community for an old bus”可知，父亲向社区寻求帮助。故选A。
6．C 考查动词辨析。句意：然后他在Facebook上发了一个帖子，看看是否有人能帮莱德造一个新的。A.found发现；B.sought寻找；C.placed放置；D.answered回答。根据“a post on Facebook”可知，父亲在Facebook登了一个求助贴。故选C。
7．A 考查副词辨析。句意：一直教授建筑技术的丹·麦凯纳回复说“当然”。A.absolutely(强调同意或允许)当然；B.obviously显然，显而易见；C.impossibly不可能地；D.incredibly难以置信地。根据下文“Three of Mr Mckena's classes at Westerly High School 8. the project.They worked hard for numerous weeks”可知，丹·麦凯纳答应帮助蒂姆造一个候车亭，所以他给出的是肯定的回答。故选A。
8．C 考查动词辨析。句意：麦凯纳先生在韦斯特利高中的三个班级发起了这个项目。A.completed完成；B.abandoned抛弃；C.launched启动；D.rejected拒绝。根据下文“They worked hard for numerous weeks”可知，麦凯纳先生的三个班开始着手制造候车亭，启动了这个项目。故选C。
9．D 考查动词辨析。句意：他们为这一目标而努力工作了好几个星期，他们知道严酷的冬天很快就要来临。A.shocked使震惊；B.confused使迷惑；C.reminded提醒；D.motivated激励，成为……的动机。根据“cause”和上文可知，学生们知道他们是在帮助坐轮椅的莱德制造候车亭，这是一种值得为之付出的慈善行为，所以是这一目标激励着他们。故选D。
10．A 考查形容词辨析。句意：他们为这一目标而努力工作了好几个星期，他们知道严酷的冬天很快就要来临。A.hard(季节，天气)严酷的，凛冽的；B.mild轻微的；C.dry干的；D.late晚的。根据“winter”可知，凛冽的寒冬即将到来，所以他们需要抓紧时间。故选A。
11．B 考查名词辨析。句意：它足够大，可以让莱德和一个成年人舒服地和他待在一起。A.variety多样化；B.access(使用或见到的)机会，使用；C.passion激情；D.treasure财富。根据“big enough”可知，候车亭很大，足够让莱德和一个成年人一起使用。故选B。
12．D 考查名词辨析。句意：莱德的第一反应是“哇！完美！”。A.choice选择；B.action行动；C.decision决定；D.reaction反应。根据“Wow! Perfectly！”可知，这是莱德看到候车亭的反应。故选D。
13．C 考查名词辨析。句意：这家人寄了一张莱德在候车亭的照片，并感谢丹和他的学生们的辛勤工作。A.station车站；B.company公司；C.shelter遮蔽物，庇护处；D.seat座位。根据上文可知，候车亭是用来给莱德遮风避雨的，所以是“庇护处”。故选C。
14．A 考查形容词辨析。句意：这些少年非常兴奋地看到他们的项目如何帮助了别人。A.excited激动的，兴奋的；B.lucky幸运的；C.astonished十分震惊的；D.uncertain不确定的。根据“to see just how their project has helped others”可知，学生们看到自己制作的候车亭真正帮助到了莱德，他们会感到激动和兴奋。故选A。
15．B 考查名词辨析。句意：这表明，这个世界和这个城市还有很多美好的东西！A.conflict冲突；B.good正直的行为，善行；C.misfortune不幸；D.fun乐趣。根据上文可知，麦凯纳先生和他三个班的学生免费为莱德制作了候车亭，这一行为表明这个世界和这个城市还是存在着美好的东西，存在着善行。故选B。组合练2
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·吉林省白山市高三一模)
About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a businessman and cycling enthusiast, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a good friend's 12-year-old son.The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus, a buildup of liquid in the brain that often causes balance disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon, now 60, went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues.Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his friends, having fun and getting exercise.But there was more, as McLindon obtained from his friend's reaction.“To see his son interacting with other kids，” McLindon says, “I'll never forget the smile on the boy's face.”
That smile has contributed to launching the McLindon Family Foundation.Funded by donations, the group works with children's clinics to find children who can benefit from owning an adaptive bike and help craft each bike to the particular needs of the special child.A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a caregiver's steering and braking mechanism in the back.The bikes are expensive—$3,000 to $4,000, and that's with the foundation's steep producer's discount.For kids lucky enough to get one, they're a life changer.
“We worked with a 14-year-old girl who has spina bifida (脊柱裂)，” says McLindon.“She spent most days on the couch watching TV.Soon after she got her bike, she was training for professional sports training.In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”
So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that's just a start.“I do a lot of things.I run a lot of companies，” McLindon says.“But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.”
1.Which of the following led McLindon to start the foundation？
A．His enthusiasm for cycling.
B．The joy a bike brought to a kid.
C．The proposal from his good friend.
D．His son's suffering from a brain disease.
2.What can we learn about the bikes from the text？
A．They lack fund support.
B．They have safety issues.
C．They are very cheap and affordable.
D．They are designed for disabled kids.
3.What change did the bike bring to the 14-year-old girl？
A．She recovered physically.
B．She stopped watching TV.
C．Her athletic potential was developed.
D．Her desire to give was stimulated.
4.What is the text mainly about？
A．A bike seller.
B．Life-altering cycles.
C．Mentally-disabled kids.
D．An interactive platform.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会，为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus, a buildup of liquid in the brain that often causes balance disturbances.(这个男孩从未体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有脑积水，脑积水经常导致平衡障碍。)”以及第二段“McLindon says, ‘I'll never forget the smile on the boy's face.’(麦克林登说：‘我永远不会忘记那个男孩脸上的笑容。’)”以及第三段“That smile has contributed to launching the McLindon Family Foundation.(他的微笑促成了麦克林登家族基金会的成立。)”可知，麦克林登看到那些从未体验过骑自行车乐趣的孩子们骑上了自行车，孩子们脸上的笑容促使他成立基金会。故选B。
2．D 细节理解题。由第三段“Funded by donations, the group works with children's clinics to find children who can benefit from owning an adaptive bike and help craft each bike to the particular needs of the special child.A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a caregiver's steering and braking mechanism in the back.(在捐款的资助下，该组织与儿童诊所合作，寻找能够从拥有自适应自行车中受益的儿童，并帮助制作每辆自行车以满足特殊儿童的特殊需求。自行车可能包括头枕、肩带、安全带，以及背部护理人员的转向和制动机构。)”可知，这种自行车是为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作的适合他们骑行的特殊自行车，即它们是为残疾儿童设计的。故选D。
3．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘She spent most days on the couch watching TV.Soon after she got her bike, she was training for professional sports training.In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’(‘她大部分时间都窝在沙发上看电视。在她得到自行车后不久，她就开始接受专业运动训练。在一次杂志采访中，她说，‘我一直都知道自己有运动员的潜质。’)”可知，自行车让这个14岁的女孩知道自己有运动员的潜质，即她的运动潜力得到了开发。故选C。
4．B 文章大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会，为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车，从而改变了他们的生活。B选项“Life-altering cycles.(改变一生的自行车。)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选B。
B
(2023·四川省大数据精准教学联盟高三一模)
A team of researchers at Johannes Kepler University has found that the skin of a certain kind of mushroom can be used as a biodegradable (可生物降解的) base for computer chips.In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes how well it worked and how easily it could be cleanly got rid of after the chip was no longer useful.
Most chips used to make electronic devices are set on a base of plastic.However, unfortunately, the type of plastic used isn't at all recyclable, which means most computer chips end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) around the world.Previous research has suggested that this leads to 100 million tons of electronic waste added to landfills each year.
After searching for plenty of alternatives, the team in Austria came across Ganoderma lucidum, a type of mushroom that grows on dead hardwood trees.They noted that it grows a skin to cover its root-like part.
After removing some of the skin from several samples, the researchers found that it was flexible and was able to stand high temperatures.They also noted that if kept away from light and wetness, the skin would last a long time.On the other hand, if it were exposed to such conditions intentionally, it would quickly decompose.These are all features that the team thought would make for a very good chip base.
The team developed a means for placing metal electronic components onto the skin.Testing of the result showed that the skin worked nearly as well as the traditional plastic base and that it could remain undamaged after being bent repeatedly.They also found the skin could be used to make battery components.More work is required to ensure that the skin works as hoped in an industrial setting.Also, a clean process for removing the skin from the chips still needs to be found.
5.What do we learn about most computer chips？
A．They end up as electronic waste.
B．They are made of plastic.
C．They are easily worn out.
D．They can be completely recycled.
6.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？
A．How researchers carried out tests.
B．What a good chip base was like.
C．Why researchers tested on mushroom skin.
D．What qualities were found about mushroom skin.
7.What follow-up research might researchers do？
A．The skin's potential in the same setting.
B．The skin's performance as battery components.
C．A convenient way to put electronics on the skin.
D．A clean process to get the skin away from chips.
8.What's the writing purpose of the text？
A．To report a new discovery of mushrooms.
B．To picture the future of computer chips.
C．To show the features of mushrooms.
D．To call for nature-friendly computer chips.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者关于蘑菇外皮的新发现。
5．A 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, unfortunately, the type of plastic used isn't at all recyclable, which means most computer chips end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) around the world.Previous research has suggested that this leads to 100 million tons of electronic waste added to landfills each year.(然而，不幸的是，所使用的塑料类型根本不可回收，这意味着大多数计算机芯片最终都会进入世界各地的垃圾填埋场。先前的研究表明，这导致每年有1亿吨电子垃圾被添加到垃圾填埋场。)”可知，芯片中由塑料制成的部分无法回收利用，所以会造成大量的电子垃圾。故选A。
6．D 段落大意题。根据第四段“These are all features that the team thought would make for a very good chip base.(这些都是团队认为可以构成一个非常好的芯片基础的功能。)”可知，该段主要讲述的是研究者发现蘑菇皮具有柔韧性、耐高温等特征。故选D。
7．D 推理判断题。根据第五段“Also, a clean process for removing the skin from the chips still needs to be found.(此外，仍然需要找到从芯片上去除皮肤的清洁过程。)”可知，研究者后期工作需要进一步研究如何通过干净流程从芯片上剥离蘑菇皮。故选D。
8．A 写作意图题。根据首段“A team of researchers at Johannes Kepler University has found that the skin of a certain kind of mushroom can be used as a biodegradable(可生物降解的) base for computer chips.(Johannes Kepler University的一组研究人员发现，某种蘑菇的皮肤可以用作计算机芯片的可生物降解基质。)”以及后续段落可知，本文写作目的就是介绍关于蘑菇的新发现，一种蘑菇皮可被用于芯片制作。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·辽宁省普通高中高三二模)
Do you suffer from bloating (肠胃胀气) or irritated bowels (拉肚子) when feeling stressed or anxious 1 so, you're not alone.Stress and anxiety are known to bring on gut (肠道) troubles.
If you ever suffer from stomach troubles during a 2 (stress) moment, this is because your anxiety levels are connected to your digestive system.
“There's 3 (evident) that the brain and the gut communicate with each other via numerous systems and do not function independently，” says Dr.Ashton Harper, a gut health specialist.“Because of this interconnected relationship it means that if one system is disturbed, it 4 (result) in the other system being disturbed.”
There are several things you can do 5 (reduce) the effects of anxiety and stress on your gut.The direct approach would be to identify the “stress trigger” and try to remove it, or alter its impact, from your daily life, where possible.
For instance, Dr.Ashton suggests, you may get stressed by not being prepared for some activity like 6 (give) a class presentation—make sure that you allow plenty of time to 7 (adequate) prepare and rehearse to prevent or reduce anxiety.
Think about how you can calm your day from 8 beginning—walking some of the journey to school rather than all of it being spent on crowded subway or bus.
If you feel 9 (you) getting stressed out with a task, take a mini-break from the activity by making a hot drink or writing a list of things you would like to do with your weekend before returning 10 your work.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如果你曾经在压力大的时候感到胃部不适，这是因为你的焦虑程度与你的消化系统有关。最直接的缓解方法是找出“压力触发点”，并尽可能地将其从日常生活中移除或改变其影响，比如，对于一项任务，确保你有足够的时间做充分的准备，想想如何让你的一天从一开始就平静下来，或者在紧张的任务执行过程中稍做休息。
1．If 考查状语从句。句意：如果是这样，你并不孤单。分析句子结构可知，“ 1 so”为条件状语从句，so指代前文出现的情况“Do you suffer from bloating or irritated bowels(拉肚子) when feeling stressed or anxious？(当你感到压力或焦虑时，你会感到腹胀或拉肚子吗？)”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填If。
2．stressful 考查形容词。句意：如果你曾经在压力过大的时候患过胃病，这是因为你的焦虑程度与你的消化系统有关。此处应是形容词作定语，修饰空后名词moment。stressful(压力大的)修饰物，stressed也为形容词，修饰人，表示“紧张的”。故填stressful。
3．evidence 考查名词。句意：肠道健康专家阿什顿·哈珀博士说：“有确凿的证据表明，大脑和肠道通过许多系统相互交流，并不是独立运作的。”此处应是名词，在“there be...”句型中作主语。evidence(证据，证明)为不可数名词。故填evidence。
4．will result 考查时态。句意：由于这种相互关联的关系，这意味着如果一个系统受到干扰，它将导致另一个系统受到干扰。if one system is disturbed为if引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故填will result。
5．to reduce 考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以做几件事来减少焦虑和压力对肠道的影响。 5 (reduce) the effects of anxiety and stress on your gut为目的状语，用动词不定式。故填to reduce。
6．giving 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，阿什顿博士建议，你可能会因为没有为一些活动做准备而感到压力，比如做课堂报告——所以要确保你有足够的时间来充分准备和排练，以防止或减少焦虑。此处like为介词，意为“像，如同”，之后接动名词。故填giving。
7．adequately 考查副词。句意：例如，阿什顿博士建议，你可能会因为没有为一些活动做准备而感到压力，比如做课堂报告——所以要确保你有足够的时间来充分准备和排练，以防止或减少焦虑。空格处应是副词作状语，修饰空后动词prepare。故填adequately。
8．the 考查冠词。句意：想想如何从一开始就让你的一天平静下来——步行去学校，而不是把时间都花在拥挤的地铁或公交车上。此处的beginning为名词，意为“开始”，空前需要定冠词，构成固定短语“from the beginning”，意为“从一开始”。故填the。
9．yourself 考查反身代词。句意：如果你发现自己被一项任务压得喘不过气来，在回去工作之前，从活动中稍微休息一下，喝杯热饮或写下周末想做的事情清单。空格处是宾语，与主语you为同一个人，应用反身代词作宾语。故填yourself。
10．to 考查介词。句意：如果你发现自己被一项任务压得喘不过气来，在回去工作之前，从活动中稍微休息一下，喝杯热饮或写下周末想做的事情清单。此处的return意为“返回”，作该含义时为不及物动词，因此，需要介词to才能接宾语your work。故填to。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分)
(2023·安徽省淮北市高三一模)
假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期，你校外教Steve做了一场关于读后续写的在线讲座(A Lecture on Continuation Writing)。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．表达感谢并简述你的收获；
2．说明你在读后续写中的困惑并寻求帮助。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Steve，
Yours，
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Steve，
Thank you very much indeed for the wonderful lecture you gave on continuation writing.I've learnt really a lot, because you helped me overcome the bottleneck—how to increase the reading and writing speed.
However, I am still puzzled by some difficulties in it.For example, I find it hard to grasp the gist of the passages, and I also feel it hard to continue when confronting with new words.What can I do Would you please give me some advice I would be really grateful if you could help me out.
Thank you very much again.Your earliest reply would be appreciated.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·福建省厦门市高三毕业班二模)
My cousin Isaiah and I went fishing on the lake.Midweek, no one was around here.The nearby protected wetlands ran along the shore.Songbirds, ducks, and Canada geese slid by on the breeze, touching down briefly on the water's surface before flapping (拍打)and quacking their way back up into the sky.
Standing at the lake's edge, I cast my fishing line onto the smooth-as-glass water.Down the shoreline was Isaiah, who liked to fish alone, away from noise and other people.
Out of the corner of my eye, I caught a glimpse of a few great northern loons (潜鸟) crowded together not far from the shoreline.Loons usually travel alone, but here were five of them in a group.One loon, making painful sounds, swam away from the group, toward me.It seemed like it was trying to get my attention.
“Isaiah! Come here！” Isaiah pressed his finger against his lips, pointed to where he had cast his line, and shook his head gently.
“Just get over here.Now！” I yelled.
He laid his fishing pole down and dragged his feet, moving toward me at a snail's pace.
“Come here！” I yelled again.“Take a look at that loon.It keeps getting closer and closer！”
On hearing this, Isaiah fastened his pace.
The loon stopped in the shallow water near shore, not ten feet away from us.It was so close that we could see its red eyes.Oddly, the bird's wings were held tight against its spotted black-and-white body.Though scared of its sharp beak (喙), we stepped into the water cautiously.As we approached the loon, we both saw something around its neck.Reaching down, I touched its head, my heart racing.I could see there was a shiny red-hook deeply stuck in its body, and fishing line was wrapped tightly around its neck.Left like this, the loon couldn't fly or fish or survive.It was asking us to help!
注意：
1．续写词数应为150 左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
Isaiah rushed to grab the scissors from the toolbox and came back.
Paragraph 2：
With a sigh of relief, I set the loon down on the water.
【范文】
Paragraph 1：
Isaiah rushed to grab the scissors from the toolbox and came back. While turning back to the spot, he shouted and asked me to grab the poor loon.Realizing the fact that he wanted to help free the loon from the deadly fishing line and hook, I did as he required.Upon arrival, he knelt down and cut the fishing line first, carefully but quickly, in case the scissor hurt the loon.Then, he unfolded the red-hook that stuck in its body.At the moment, the loon sounded pleasantly.
Paragraph 2：
With a sigh of relief, I set the loon down on the water. The poor creature flapped its wings happily, quacking its way in the lake.Then, it swam toward us again.Using its head, it touched our hands, seemingly saying that we were to be thanked.We felt greatly moved and excited.We clearly knew that what we had done to the creature was what we should do in our daily life.We are all masters of our environment, just like living things.We should live in peace with them.组合练3
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·山东省济南市高三一模)
If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble.Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
“Running is one of the best caloric burners out there，” qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says.An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1,000 calories in one hour of running.“Speed, pace, and tolerance are all factors that can impact this range.But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories.”
Swimming
“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes，” Saltos says.Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up tolerance and strengthens the upper body and core.“Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session，” Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories.“An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average，” Saltos says.
1.Which sport can burn the most calories per hour？
A．Boxing. B．Running.
C．Swimming. D．Rowing.
2.What is the advantage of swimming according to the text？
A．It enhances balance.
B．It improves tolerance.
C．It produces low impact.
D．It builds muscle groups.
3.Who is the text intended for？
A．Great athletes.
B．Fitness experts.
C．Sports reporters.
D．Overweight persons.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍一些可以帮助燃烧最多卡路里的运动。
1．C 细节理解题。根据Running中“An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1,000 calories in one hour of running.(一个普通人在一小时的跑步中可以消耗500到1 000卡路里的热量。)”，Swimming中“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes(游泳是一种对身体影响最小的运动，但在短短30分钟内仍然可以燃烧500到600卡路里)”，Boxing中“Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session (拳击也能帮助你更好地燃烧卡路里，一般人一小时能燃烧400到800卡路里)” 和Rowing中“An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average (一小时的划船平均可以燃烧400到600卡路里)”可知，游泳每小时燃烧的卡路里最多。故选C。
2．C 细节理解题。根据Swimming中“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body(游泳是一种对身体影响最小的锻炼方式)”可知，游泳产生的影响很小。故选C。
3．D 读者对象题。根据第一段“If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble.Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.(如果你总是在室内坐太久，体重增加可能会成为一个麻烦。厌倦了所有的脂肪？如果是这样的话，这些运动可以帮助你燃烧最多的卡路里。)”可知，这篇文章是写给肥胖者的。故选D。
B
(2023·福建省福州市高三二模)
Someday, you may no longer need to brush your teeth by hand.Instead, a group of billions of nanoparticles (纳米粒子) could automatically do all that work for you.It would be especially life-changing for people who find it difficult or impossible to hold and move a toothbrush.
Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania(Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones on a toothbrush.But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.
The tooth-cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁)．One goes each side of the teeth.The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets.When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid.As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center.When the researchers turn on the other magnet and turn off the first one, the nanoparticles extend outward in long, skinny bristles.When there's a tooth in the way, these bristles can't stretch out as far as they want.So they push against the tooth's surface.If there's a gap between teeth, they push into the gap.Moving the magnets makes the bristles move against and between teeth.All that motion cleans the teeth.As a bonus, the nanoparticles also have strong power to kill viruses.
The new device is just a proof of concept.The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use.“There's a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start，” says Steager.
4.What is special about the tooth cleaner？
A．It's water-proof.
B．It's transformable.
C．It looks like a toothbrush.
D．It contains skinny bristles.
5.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．The working principle.
B．The magnets' motion.
C．The virus-killing process.
D．The bristles' formation.
6.How does Steager feel about the future of the device？
A．Uncertain. B．Confident.
C．Concerned. D．Surprised.
7.Which of the following would be the best title？
A．A Tooth-Cleaner Fighting Bacteria
B．A Breakthrough in Medicine
C．A Shape-Shifting Robotic Tooth-Cleaner
D．A New Concept for a New Start
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款纳米材料的机器人洁牙器。
4．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.(但这些鬃毛会变形以适应它们遇到的任何表面。)”可知，这个洁牙产品能根据口腔内情况而变形。故选B。
5．A 段落大意题。根据第三段“The tooth-cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁)．One goes each side of the teeth.The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets.When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid.As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center.When the researchers turn on the other magnet and turn off the first one, the nanoparticles extend outward in long, skinny bristles.When there's a tooth in the way, these bristles can't stretch out as far as they want.So they push against the tooth's surface.If there's a gap between teeth, they push into the gap.Moving the magnets makes the bristles move against and between teeth.All that motion cleans the teeth.As a bonus, the nanoparticles also have strong power to kill viruses.(这款清洁牙齿的机器人依靠两块磁铁工作。牙齿两边各有一个。纳米颗粒位于磁铁之间的液体中。当磁铁关闭时，纳米颗粒在液体中随机移动。一旦一个磁铁被打开，纳米颗粒就会聚集在它的中心附近。当研究人员打开另一个磁铁，关闭第一个磁铁时，纳米颗粒就会像细长的鬃毛一样向外延伸。当有牙齿挡住时，这些刷毛就不能尽可能地伸展。所以它们会挤压牙齿表面。如果牙齿之间有缝隙，它们就会往缝隙里挤。移动磁铁使刷毛在牙齿上和牙齿之间移动。所有这些动作都能清洁牙齿。此外，纳米颗粒还具有很强的杀死病毒的能力。)”可知，第三段陈述的是这款清洁牙齿的机器人的工作原理。故选A。
6．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new device is just a proof of concept.The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use.‘There's a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start，’says Steager.(这种新设备只是概念验证。研究人员仍然需要把它变成人们想要使用的产品。‘处处还需要很多工程，但每个好想法都需要有一个开始。’Steager说。)”可知，Steager认为这个清洁牙齿的设备从概念到产品，还需要很多工程，但是不失为一个好的想法，Steager对这款产品很自信。故选B。
7．C 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Someday, you may no longer need to brush your teeth by hand.Instead, a group of billions of nanoparticles (纳米粒子) could automatically do all that work for you.It would be especially life-changing for people who find it difficult or impossible to hold and move a toothbrush.(有一天，你可能不再需要用手刷牙。相反，一组数十亿纳米颗粒可以自动为你完成所有这些工作。对于那些很难或不可能使用牙刷的人来说，这尤其会改变他们的生活。)”以及第二段“But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.(但这些鬃毛会变形以适应它们遇到的任何表面。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一款纳米材料的洁牙器，在口腔中会根据具体状况变化形状，C项“A Shape-Shifting Robotic Tooth-Cleaner (一种可以变形的机器人洁牙器)”作标题比较贴切。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·四川省德阳市高三二模)
If you are still a student, then your financial picture is much different than someone just starting out in the workforce.You have not yet started making real money, and your focus is primarily on your studies and having fun. 1
In fact, when you're away from home, your parents expect you to be responsible for yourself and this includes taking care of your own finances.Your parents give you money every month. 2 The first thing that you should do is to write down your allowance and expenses for the month.What you are doing is actually budgeting your money.In this way, you can set aside a small amount for your savings.
3 One way of cutting cost is eating in.It is cheaper than eating out.Moreover, by booking your own meals, you have greater control over what you eat.And you also have a quieter environment as well. 4 If you know of your classmates who live in the same area as you, you can consider driving to college together.This saves on petrol and parking.
In addition, when you are shopping, compare prices from one shop to another before making your purchase. 5 However, sales where prices are marked down greatly can sometimes persuade you to buy things which you don't really need.Therefore, be careful and don't give in to temptation (诱惑)．
A．Besides that, take win-win policies.
B．How can you save money to purchase what you like
C．However, it is important to establish good financial habits.
D．Then what should you do to manage your money sensibly
E．You can wait for sales when you can get better discounts.
F．You can save money by managing the ways you eat and travel.
G．Budgeting is unnecessary as it can prevent you buying extra goods.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是作为学生该如何养成良好的理财习惯。
1．C 段尾题。空前“You have not yet started making real money, and your focus is primarily on your studies and having fun.(你还没有开始真正赚钱，你的注意力主要集中在学习和娱乐上。)”，空后是一些理财的方法，空格处应表示“但是养成良好的理财习惯是重要的”，由此来承上启下，C选项“However, it is important to establish good financial habits.(然而，建立良好的理财习惯是很重要的。)”说明了养成良好的理财习惯是重要的，符合语境。故选C。
2．D 段中题。空前“Your parents give you money every month.(你的父母每个月都给你钱。)”，空后“The first thing that you should do is to write down your allowance and expenses for the month.What you are doing is actually budgeting your money.In this way, you can set aside a small amount for your savings.(你应该做的第一件事是写下你每月的零用钱和开支。你所做的实际上是在为你的钱做预算。这样，你就可以存一小笔钱。)”，空格处应表示“你该如何管理父母每个月给你的钱”，D选项“Then what should you do to manage your money sensibly？(那么你应该做些什么来明智地管理你的钱呢？)”引出空后的方法，承上启下。故选D。
3．F 段首题。由空后“One way of cutting cost is eating in.(削减成本的一种方法是在家吃饭。)”和“If you know of your classmates who live in the same area as you, you can consider driving to college together.(如果你认识和你住在同一地区的同学，你们可以考虑一起开车去上大学。)”可知，本段主要讲的是如何省钱，F选项“You can save money by managing the ways you eat and travel.(你可以通过控制你的饮食和出行方式来省钱。)”说明了可以在吃和行方面来省钱，由此引起下文。故选F。
4．A 段中题。根据空后“If you know of your classmates who live in the same area as you, you can consider driving to college together.This saves on petrol and parking.(如果你认识和你住在同一地区的同学，你们可以考虑一起开车去上大学。这样可以节省汽油和停车费。)”可知，和同学一起去学校的话两个人都可以节省汽油和停车费，是双赢的，A选项“Besides that, take win-win policies.(除此之外，采取双赢政策。)”说明了空后所说的和同学一起开车去大学的这种双赢的做法，因此引起下文。故选A。
5．E 段中题。空前“In addition, when you are shopping, compare prices from one shop to another before making your purchase.(此外，当你购物时，在购买之前比较一下各商店的价格。)”，空后“However, sales where prices are marked down greatly can sometimes persuade you to buy things which you don't really need.(然而，大减价的促销有时会说服你买你并不真正需要的东西。)”，说明在比较各商店的价格之余还可以等促销，E选项“You can wait for sales when you can get better discounts.(你可以等到打折的时候再买。)”说明了可以等促销，其中的sales和下文的“prices are marked down greatly”相一致，承上启下。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·广东省湛江市高三一模)
Bobbi Wilson is a 9-year-old New Jersey girl.She had recently learned that spotted lantern flies 1. trees because they feed on the sap (汁液) found in leaves and tree trunks.So she 2. her own insecticide (杀虫剂) to deal with the species from a recipe she had 3. on social media.Bobbi was walking through her Caldwell, New Jersey, neighborhood, simply 4. her insecticide when the police came and took her to the police station.
It turned out that a man 5. her spraying (喷洒) something on the sidewalk and trees.Thinking that she was a 6. little girl or someone with a mental disorder, he was 7. and called the police and told them, “There's a little black girl walking, spraying stuff on the sidewalk and trees...”
Bobbi was very confused and 8. about having to make a trip to the police station because she was not only doing something 9. for our environment but she was also doing something that made her feel like a(n) 10. when the man called the police.The man apologized to Bobbi and her family for the 11. .
12. , the incident didn't affect Bobbi's spirit and has led to some great 13. for her.She has been 14. to the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.She and her family got a chance to visit with a group of black female scientists at Yale University.They showed her various labs and even invited her to 15. lantern fly specimens (样本) for the university.
1.A.decorate B．damage
C．recognize D．abandon
2.A.created B．restored
C．purchased D．exhibited
3.A.got over B．brought about
C．pointed out D．come across
4.A.testing out B．mixing up
C．posting D．improving
5.A.heard B．suggested
C．spotted D．left
6.A.beautiful B．curious
C．hidden D．lost
7.A.excited B．worried
C．relieved D．stressed
8.A.calm B．hopeful
C．upset D．anxious
9.A.amazing B．interesting
C．disturbing D．annoying
10.A.actress B．adult
C．stranger D．hero
11.A.misguidance B．misfortune
C．misunderstanding D．mismatching
12.A.Luckily B．Particularly
C．Generally D．Honestly
13.A.attitude B．answers
C．wealth D．experiences
14.A.sent B．referred
C．invited D．carried
15.A.transport B．provide
C．taste D．keep
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了黑人小姑娘Bobbi因检验自制杀虫剂被人误解报警，却因这件事受到关注，被一家物理实验室和耶鲁大学请去参观，并受邀为耶鲁大学的实验室提供斑点灯蝇样本的经历。
1．B 考查动词辨析。句意：她最近才了解到斑点灯蝇会破坏树木，因为它们以树叶和树干中的汁液为食。A.decorate装修，装饰；B.damage损害；C.recognize辨认出；公认；D.abandon放弃。根据后面的原因状语从句可知，斑点灯蝇吸食树木汁液，下文讲述为了保护树木，Bobbi自制杀虫剂对付灯蝇，说明这种昆虫会破坏树木。故选B。
2．A 考查动词辨析。句意：因此，她根据在社交媒体上看到的一个配方，制作了自己的杀虫剂。A.created创造，创作；B.restored修复；C.purchased购买；D.exhibited展览。杀虫剂是Bobbi根据社交媒体上看到的方法自己制作的。故选A。
3．D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，她根据在社交媒体上看到的一个配方，制作了自己的杀虫剂。A.got over战胜；B.brought about引发，导致；C.pointed out指出；D.come across偶然遇到。她自制了针对斑点灯蝇的杀虫剂，是根据社交媒体的文章中提到的方法，文章是她偶然读到的。故选D。
4．A 考查动词(短语)辨析。句意：Bobbi走在她位于新泽西州考德威尔的小区里，只是在测试她的杀虫剂，这时警察来了，把她带到警察局。A.testing out试验，检验；B.mixing up混合；C.posting张贴；D.improving提高，改进。根据常识可知，Bobbi配制好杀虫剂后，需要去检验杀虫剂的效果。故选A。
5．C 考查动词辨析。句意：原来是一名男子发现她在人行道和树上喷洒什么东西。A.heard听到；B.suggested建议；C.spotted发现；D.left离开。小女孩在路边树上喷洒液体的行为被人看到。故选C。
6．D 考查形容词辨析。句意：他以为她是走失的小女孩，或者是有精神障碍的人，很担心就报警说：“有个黑人小女孩在走路，在人行道和树上喷东西……”A.beautiful漂亮的；B.curious好奇的；C.hidden隐藏的；D.lost丢失的，失踪的，迷路的。这个人认为Bobbi可能是个迷路的孩子，所以才会报警。故选D。
7．B 考查形容词辨析。句意：他以为她是走失的小女孩，或者是有精神障碍的人，很担心就报警说：“有个黑人小女孩在走路，在人行道和树上喷东西……”。A.excited激动的，兴奋的；B.worried着急的；担心的；C.relieved解脱的，如释重负的；D.stressed压力大的。这个人猜想Bobbi精神错乱，或是走丢没有家长监管的，所以他担心Bobbi做出不正常的事情，所以才会报警。故选B。
8．C 考查形容词辨析。句意：Bobbi对不得不去警察局感到非常困惑和不安，因为她不仅为我们的环境做了一件了不起的事情，而且当那个男人打电话报警时，她也做了一件让她觉得自己是个英雄的事情。A.calm冷静的；B.hopeful充满希望的；C.upset不安的；D.anxious焦虑的。女孩认为自己在做有益环境的事情却被带到警察局问话，Bobbi的感觉应该是不开心的。故选C。
9．A 考查形容词辨析。句意：Bobbi对不得不去警察局感到非常困惑和不安，因为她不仅为我们的环境做了一件了不起的事情，而且当那个男人打电话报警时，她也做了一件让她觉得自己是个英雄的事情。A.amazing令人惊叹的，令人惊喜的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing引起烦恼的；令人不安的；D.annoying令人恼火的。Bobbi认为自己配置的药水杀死斑点灯蝇，是在做一件对环境来说极好的事情。故选A。
10．D 考查名词辨析。句意：Bobbi对不得不去警察局感到非常困惑和不安，因为她不仅为我们的环境做了一件了不起的事情，而且当那个男人打电话报警时，她也做了一件让她觉得自己是个英雄的事情。A.actress女演员；B.adult成年人；C.stranger陌生人；D.hero英雄。 Bobbi在试图保护那些树木不受灯蝇的破坏，这种感觉像英雄一样。故选D。
11．C 考查名词辨析。句意：这个男人为误会向Bobbi和她的家人道歉。A.misguidance误导；B.misfortune不幸；C.misunderstanding误解，误会；D.mismatching搭配不当。那个人报警是因为他没弄明白Bobbi在做什么就报警，所以他为这场误会向Bobbi和她的家人道歉。故选C。
12．A 考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，这件事并没有影响到Bobbi的精神，反而给她带来了一些美好的经历。A.Luckily幸运的是；B.Particularly尤其；C.Generally一般来说；D.Honestly实话实说。Bobbi 做好事却被误会，这是一件不好的事，很幸运这件事情没有影响Bobbi的情绪。故选A。
13．D 考查名词辨析。句意：幸运的是，这件事并没有影响到Bobbi的精神，反而给她带来了一些美好的经历。A.attitude态度；B.answers答案；C.wealth财富；D.experiences经历，体验。被邀请去物理实验室和耶鲁大学实验室参观等事情，都是很好的经历。故选D。
14．C 考查动词辨析。句意：她被邀请到普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室。A.sent派送；B.referred参考，提及；C.invited邀请；D.carried运输，携带。小女孩受到了人们的关注，人们尊重她，这里用“邀请”合适。故选C。
15．B 考查动词辨析。句意：他们带她参观了各种实验室，甚至邀请她为大学提供灯蝇标本。A.transport运输；B.provide提供；C.taste品尝；D.keep保存，保持。根据Bobbi的年龄和她试图消灭灯蝇这件事情可知，Bobbi对灯蝇颇有研究并且杀死很多灯蝇，耶鲁大学实验室请她提供灯蝇样本是合乎常理的。故选B。组合练4
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·江西省上饶市高三一模)
Scot Case, Vice President of the environmental marketing firm Terra Choice, was not happy.Case last year sent his researchers into a big-box retail store to evaluate the green advertising claims of some of the products on its shelves.The results were shocking, of the 1,018 products Terra Choice surveyed, all but one failed to live up fully to their green boasts.
He couldn't believe the result, and had his team redo the survey, but the results came back the same.“It just shows we're awash in greenwash，” he said.
Many consumers may not have heard the term greenwashing, but they've surely experienced it—misleading marketing about the environmental benefits of a product.Greenwashing isn't new—ever since the environment was an issue in the early 1970s.As going green has become big business, environmental advocates worry that truly green companies could get lost in the situation.
“We have such a challenge ahead of us on climate change，” says Kevin Tuerff, a co-founder of the marketing consultancy EnviroMedia.“Greenwashing harms the effort we need to be making.”
The first step to cleaning up greenwashing is to identify it, and Tuerff and his partners have hit on an innovative way to spotlight particularly abnormal examples.They've launched the Greenwashing Index a website that allows consumers to post ads that might be examples of greenwashing and rate them on a scale of 1 to 5—1 is a little green lie; 5 is a big green lie.
It's a simple device, but it shows the power of the Internet to uncover misleading ads with a simple web search, any consumer can find out the index they want to know.Googling isn't the only way to take out the greenwashing, however.The Terra Choice website offers a list of what it calls the “six sins of greenwashing” — six simple signs that should remind consumers of a company that is more interested in selling the earth than saving it.
“We have better green products but a lot of exaggerated (夸张的) claims，” says Case.“That could be enough to destroy the whole green movement” — and that's not a little green lie.
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE about greenwashing？
A．It is harmful for the environment.
B．It is a special way to wash so as to save water.
C．It is environment-friendly so it should be advocated.
D．It is beneficial for both the consumers and the companies.
2.Which measure should be used to tackle the greenwashing？
A．Holding hearings to tell genuine environmental claims from false ones.
B．Launching the Greenwashing Index a website to expose greenwashing.
C．Offering a list of “six sins of greenwashing” for companies' reference.
D．Updating Green Guide for consumers which hasn't changed since 1998.
3.Which of the following shows NO sign of greenwashing？
A．Organic products but without any certificates.
B．Energy-efficient products made of harmful material.
C．Food which is low in nutrition but high in calorie.
D．Pesticides which are said to be environment-friendly.
4.What's the main idea of the passage？
A．The effort on environmental protection.
B．The advocation of green advertisements.
C．The distinction between green products and common ones.
D．The distinction between real environmental claims and false ones.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述很多产品存在环保作假现象，对产品的环保效益进行误导性营销，即“洗绿”，并介绍了一个解决“洗绿”的网站。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第三段“As going green has become big business, environmental advocates worry that truly green companies could get lost in the situation.(随着绿色环保成为一项大生意，环保人士担心，真正的绿色企业可能会在这种情况下迷失方向。)”及第四段“Greenwashing harms the effort we need to be making.(‘洗绿’损害了我们需要做出的努力。)”可知，“洗绿”是指打着环保的旗号对产品环保效益的误导性营销，对环境有害。故选A。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第五段“They've launched the Greenwashing Index a website that allows consumers to post ads that might be examples of greenwashing and rate them on a scale of 1 to 5 (他们推出了洗绿指数网站，消费者可以在网站上发布可能是洗绿例子的广告，并在1到5的范围内对这些广告进行评分)”可知，推出“洗绿指数”网站，揭露“洗绿”行为是解决“洗绿”问题的措施。故选B。
3．C 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many consumers may not have heard the term greenwashing, but they've surely experienced it—misleading marketing about the environmental benefits of a product.(许多消费者可能没有听说过洗绿这个词，但他们肯定经历过——关于产品环保效益的误导性营销。)”可知，“洗绿”是关于产品环保效益的误导性营销，A项“有机产品，但没有任何证书。”B项“由有害物质制成的节能产品。”及D项“据说是环保的农药。”均是“洗绿”，C项“低营养但高热量的食物。”不含产品环保效益的相关信息，不属于“洗绿”。故选C。
4．D 文章大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“‘We have better green products but a lot of exaggerated(夸张的)claims，’says Case.‘That could be enough to destroy the whole green movement’——and that's not a little green lie.(Case说：‘我们有更好的绿色产品，但有很多夸大的说法。这足以摧毁整个绿色运动’——这可不是环保的小谎言。)”可知，文章主要讲述很多产品存在环保作假现象，即“洗绿”。D项“真正的环保宣传和虚假宣传之间的区别。”能够总结文章大意。故选D。
B
(2023·四川省内江市高三一模)
A country that is carbon neutral is basically no longer giving off, or “emitting”， the dangerous greenhouse gases, simply called “carbon emissions”．
Carbon emissions are closely tied to the burning of “fossil fuels”， like coal, oil, and gas.To become carbon neutral, it's necessary to stop creating power and heat in ways that pollute, and instead use more “renewable” methods, such as getting energy from the sun, wind, and water.New Zealand already gets about 80% of its energy from renewable sources.From the government's point of view, to become carbon neutral, that is not enough.So it plans to increase this.Additionally, it aims to begin using more electric cars and trucks.It will also be spending $14.5 billion to make it easier for people to get around by walking, biking, or using public transportation.Meanwhile, it has a goal of planting 1 billion trees.
Methane (甲烷) is one of the worst greenhouse gases.Surprisingly, methane from cows and sheep makes up about 34% of New Zealand's polluting gases.However, New Zealand's plan to go carbon neutral doesn't cover methane from cows and sheep.It aims to reduce this kind of pollution, too, but not so much.The plan calls for cutting back on the gas by 24% to 47% by 2050.The leader of New Zealand's Green Party, James Shaw, was responsible for much of the plan.He was clearly successful: it passed 119 votes to 1.
New Zealand has progressed from debating whether climate change is real to discussing what to do about it and is one of the few countries where going carbon neutral has become the law.Scientists say more of this sort of action is still needed right away.A report has been released by 11,000 scientists, and they believe more countries will face the climate emergency positively.This is the first time that such a large group of scientists have used the word “emergency” to describe climate change.
5.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A．Planting more trees.
B．Using greener energy.
C．Stopping fossil fuels.
D．Making more vehicles.
6.What can be learnt about New Zealand's carbon neutral plan？
A．It's controversial. B．It's impractical.
C．It's imperfect. D．It's eventful.
7.What does the author convey about climate change in the last paragraph？
A．Some still do not take it seriously.
B．Many countries don't doubt about it.
C．The ways have been found to rid it.
D．It might stop being carbon neutral.
8.What's the text mainly about？
A．Some ways of carbon emissions.
B．Global climate change emergency.
C．New Zealand's low-carbon lifestyle.
D．New Zealand's being carbon neutral.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了新西兰正在实现碳中和。
5．B 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“To become carbon neutral, it's necessary to stop creating power and heat in ways that pollute, and instead use more ‘renewable’methods, such as getting energy from the sun, wind, and water.New Zealand already gets about 80% of its energy from renewable sources.From the government's point of view, to become carbon neutral, that is not enough.(要实现碳中和，就必须停止以污染的方式产生电力和热量，而是使用更多的‘可再生’方法，比如从太阳、风和水中获取能源。新西兰大约80%的能源来自可再生能源。从政府的角度来看，要实现碳中和，这还不够。)”可知，政府计划增加使用环保能源，代词this指代前文提到的使用绿色能源。故选B。
6．C 推理判断题。根据第三段“Methane (甲烷) is one of the worst greenhouse gases.Surprisingly, methane from cows and sheep makes up about 34% of New Zealand's polluting gases.However, New Zealand's plan to go carbon neutral doesn't cover methane from cows and sheep.(甲烷是最有害的温室气体之一。令人惊讶的是，牛羊排放的甲烷占新西兰污染气体的34%。然而，新西兰的碳中和计划并不包括牛羊排放的甲烷。)”可知，新西兰的碳中和计划是不完美的。故选C。
7．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“New Zealand has progressed from debating whether climate change is real to discussing what to do about it and is one of the few countries where going carbon neutral has become the law.(新西兰已经从讨论气候变化是否真实发展到讨论如何应对气候变化，是少数几个将碳中和纳入法律的国家之一。)”可知，有些国家仍然未严肃对待气候变化。故选A。
8．D 文章大意题。根据第二段“To become carbon neutral, it's necessary to stop creating power and heat in ways that pollute, and instead use more ‘renewable’methods, such as getting energy from the sun, wind, and water.New Zealand already gets about 80% of its energy from renewable sources.From the government's point of view, to become carbon neutral, that is not enough.(要实现碳中和，就必须停止以污染的方式产生电力和热量，而使用更多的‘可再生’方法，比如从太阳、风和水中获取能源。新西兰大约80%的能源来自可再生能源。从政府的角度来看，要实现碳中和，这还不够。)”及最后一段“New Zealand has progressed from debating whether climate change is real to discussing what to do about it and is one of the few countries where going carbon neutral has become the law.(新西兰已经从讨论气候变化是否真实发展到讨论如何应对气候变化，是少数几个将碳中和纳入法律的国家之一。)”可知，短文主要是关于新西兰正在实现碳中和。故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·河南省郑州市高中毕业年级二模)
From writing poetry to making music, ChatGPT 1 (amaze) the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company Open AI.It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
The AI program can answer questions on a large number of topics, and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of.It does this by drawing on information 2 (collect) from a large corpus (语料库)of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive As Sam Altman, the CEO of Open AI said in an interview, “It's not actually 3 (fundamental) new technology that made ChatGPT have a moment.”
According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on a large language model.Because texts are more complex 4 the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural (神经的)network that can make sense of texts.One breakthrough behind today's models 5 (be) a network called Transformer, invented by Google researchers.The neural network can infer 6 the word means by tracking where it appears in a sentence.Transformer can therefore collect the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models built by Open AI combined Transformer with unsupervised learning, 7 (mean) that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due 8 the large scale of texts it learned from.
“One of the biggest 9 (problem) with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with false contents，” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK, told The Guardian.This means ChatGPT doesn't know the truth about the world—it learns information from 10 (variety) resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国Open AI公司推出ChatGPT，令人震惊。这种智能机器人已经通过了四门法律课程。
1．has amazed 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从写诗到做音乐，自2022年底美国Open AI公司推出ChatGPT以来，它已经震惊了世界。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词，由since its launch in late 2022可知，主句用现在完成时，主语GhatGPT是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has amazed。
2．collected 考查非谓语动词。句意：它通过利用从大量文本数据中收集的信息来做到这一点。分析句子结构可知，提示词作定语，修饰information，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填collected。
3．fundamentally 考查副词。句意：正如Open AI的首席执行官Sam Altman在一次采访中所说的那样，“实际上，ChatGPT的兴起基本上并不是一项新技术。”修饰动词is用副词，作状语。故填fundamentally。
4．than 考查连词。句意：由于文本比每个单词的意义组合起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络。由more complex可知，前后文表示比较。故填than。
5．is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天的模型背后的一个突破是一个名为Transformer的网络，由谷歌的研究人员发明。文章的主要时态是一般现在时，主语One breakthrough是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填is。
6．what 考查名词性从句。句意：神经网络可以通过追踪单词在句子中的出现位置来推断单词的意思。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少means的宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。
7．meaning 考查非谓语动词。句意：Open AI构建的GPT模型将Transformer与无监督学习结合在一起，意味着模型可以自己学习，而不需要被告知要看什么。分析句子结构可知，提示词用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语The GPT models是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
8．to 考查介词。句意：由于从大量文本中学习，ChatGPT现在可以立即生成类似人类的响应。due to“由于”是固定短语。故填to。
9．problems 考查名词的数。句意：英国伦敦艾伦·图灵研究所的迈克尔·伍尔德里奇在接受《卫报》采访时表示：“ChatGPT最大的问题之一是，它会非常自信地返回虚假内容。”one of the＋最高级＋名词复数，是固定用法。故填problems。
10．various/varied 考查形容词。句意：这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相——它从各种资源中学习信息，但不能判断真假。修饰名词用形容词作定语。故填various/varied。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分)
(2023·河北省石家庄市高三一模)
你校英文报正在举办题为“How English Can Help Me in My Future Life”的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，谈谈英语能怎样助力你的未来生活。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
How English Can Help Me in My Future Life
【范文】
How English Can Help Me in My Future Life
English, as we all know, is a widely used language, connecting people all over the world.Mastering the universal language can definitely open up more possibilities in the future.
As for me, I intend to become a doctor and English can help me exchange ideas with foreign experts.We can make progress together in a challenging field.Moreover, English will serve as a window to the world, allowing me to gain a global view towards life, understand people from different cultures and make more friends.
In a word, if knowledge enriches the mind, then English adds wings.
Ⅳ.读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·湖南省新高考教学教研联盟高三一模)
Factoring in the biting wind, I knew the temperature was below zero.The bitter cold cut through my Californian sensibilities, as well as my enthusiasm as a tourist, so I moved to the nearest door for warmth and found myself in a station.
I settled onto one of the public benches with a steaming cup of coffee—waiting for feeling to return to my fingers and toes—and relaxed to watch the people around.
Several tables of diners spilled out into the great hall from the American Restaurant, and smells of the food caused me to consider an early dinner.I observed a man seated nearby and, from the longing in his eyes, realized that he, too, noticed the tasty food.His skinny body, chapped (皲裂的) hands and shabby clothes nearly shouted, “Homeless, homeless！”
I wondered how long it had been since he last ate.
Half expecting him to approach me for a handout (施舍物), I almost welcomed such a request.He never did.The longer I took in the scene, the crueler his situation seemed.My head and heart experienced a silent war, one telling me to mind my own business, and the other urging a trip to the food court on his behalf.
While my internal debate went on, a well-dressed young couple approached him.“Excuse me, sir，” the husband began.“My wife and I just finished eating, and our appetites weren't as big as we thought.We hate to waste good food.Can you help us out and put this to use？” He extended a large container.
“God bless you both，” came the grateful reply.
Pleased, yet upset by my own lack of action, I continued to watch.The man rearranged the soup crackers, inspected the sandwich and stirred the salad dressing.Then, slowly he lifted the soup lid, cupping his hands around the steaming bowl.At last, he unwrapped the plastic spoon, filled it to overflowing, lifted it toward his mouth and, all of a sudden, stopped short.
I turned my head to follow his narrow-eyed gaze.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
Entering the hall and walking slowly in our direction was an old man.
Paragraph 2：
He placed the still-warm bowl of soup in the old man's hands without waiting for an answer.
【范文】
Paragraph 1：
Entering the hall and walking slowly in our direction was an old man. Hatless and gloveless, the elderly man was in a worn jacket, lightweight pants and open shoes.His face was blue with cold.I wasn't alone in seeing this sad sight, but my needy neighbor was the only one doing something about it.Setting aside his meal, he jumped up and guided the elderly man to his seat.Gently, he put his worn jacket over the old man's shoulders.“Sir，” he said, “an angel brought me this meal.I just finished eating and hate to waste good food.Can you help me out？”
Paragraph 2：
He placed the still-warm bowl of soup in the old man's hands without waiting for an answer.“Sure, but only if you go halfway with me on that sandwich.It's too much for a man my age，” the old man answered.It wasn't easy to make my way to the food court with tears blocking my vision, but I soon returned with two large containers of hot coffee and a big box of cakes.“Excuse me, gentlemen, can you...” I left the station that day feeling warmer than I had ever thought possible.组合练5
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·辽宁省普通高中高三二模)
Must-Visit Attractions in Turin, Italy
Mole Antonellina
The tall spire of Mole Antonelliana is the pinnacle of the Turin skyline and an iconic symbol of the city.It was built in 1848 and is now the National Museum of CinemA．But the real draw is the viewing platform at the top of the building, which offers amazing views of the city and mountains beyond.
Piazza Castello
In the heart of the historic centre of Turin is Piazza Castello, which hosts two major Baroque structures—Palazzo Reale and Palazzo MadamA．Palazzo Reale was originally built in the 16th century, and underwent modification in the late 17th century.Palazzo Madama dates from 1003 and is now home to the Museo Civico d'Arte Antica, which has a remarkable collection of paintings from the medieval, Renaissance and baroque periods.
Basilica di Superga
The Basilica di Superga was built in the 18th century on the Superga hill with stunning views over the city and wider landscape.From here you can see peaks of the Alps such as Monviso and Doufour peak.
Parco del Valentino
Located on the west bank of the River Po that runs through the city, Parco del Valentino makes for lovely walks.The park is also home to the Castillo del Valentino—one of the Residences of the Royal House of Savoy with UNESCO World Heritage Site status.
Quadrilatero Romano
This is a central neighbourhood, where an ancient Roman settlement once stood.The network of small streets is made up of beautiful historic buildings that are home to interesting shops, bars and restaurants, as well as remnants of the former Roman structures.
1.What is the most attractive place in Mole Antonellina？
A．The tall spire of Mole AntonellianA．
B．The viewing platform at the top.
C．The pinnacle of the Turin skyline.
D．The National Museum of CinemA．
2.If you want to enjoy the natural beauty of the biggest mountain in Europe, which attraction will you choose？
A．Mole AntonellinA．
B．Piazza Castello.
C．Basilica di SupergA．
D．Parco del Valentino.
3.What's the purpose of the passage？
A．To list different places.
B．To broaden readers' view.
C．To introduce Turin, Italy.
D．To attract more visitors.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五个意大利都灵的必游景点。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“But the real draw is the viewing platform at the top of the building, which offers amazing views of the city and mountains beyond.(但真正吸引人的是大楼顶部的观景台，在那里可以看到城市和远处群山的美景。)”可知，Mole Antonellina最吸引人的地方是顶部的观景台。故选B。
2．C 细节理解题。根据Basilica di Superga部分“The Basilica di Superga was built in the 18th century on the Superga hill with stunning views over the city and wider landscape.From here you can see peaks of the Alps such as Monviso and Doufour peak.(Superga大教堂建于18世纪，坐落在Superga山上，可以俯瞰整个城市和更广阔的景观。从这里你可以看到阿尔卑斯山的山峰，如蒙维索峰和杜福峰。)”可知，如果你想欣赏欧洲最大山峰的自然美景，可以选择Basilica di Superga。故选C。
3．D 写作意图题。根据标题“Must-Visit Attractions in Turin, Italy(意大利都灵必游景点)”结合文章主要介绍了五个意大利都灵的必游景点可知，文章的目的是吸引更多游客。故选D。
B
(2023·河北省邯郸市高三二模)
When his daughter Morgan was growing up, Gordon Hartman was heartbroken after watching her on the playground.Other children refused to play with her, mostly because her disabilities meant she couldn't access the places where they were playing.The family tried other places but were never satisfied.
“What we found was there was no place that was an easily-accessible, fully inclusive park，” Gordon said.So he went home and sold his construction business, bought a large piece of land, and went to work building an entire amusement park for disabled children.
All kids need playtime, and Morgan was no different.The park—named Morgan's Wonderland—finally offered Morgan that opportunity.What the Hartmans discovered is that kids without disabilities enjoy the park just as much, and they interact a lot more with everyone when all are included.In fact, three quarters of the park's visitors are not disabled.And that makes it all the more fun.
Watching the kids play together without barriers makes you realize that we are all the same, and having fun is for everybody.But it doesn't end there.One-third of the staff also has special needs.Seeing the way they interact also puts a smile on your face.They take their jobs seriously, and they make sure everybody is having fun.
“It feels fantastic because we get to see people who are not given the opportunity to experience the types of rides we have, get on a carousel, get on a train easily, and go fishing，” says Gordon.The park has been visited by people with special needs from over 67 countries.“When we opened this, we didn't know if it was going to work，” says Gordon.“All we wanted to do was bring people together and play.”
Just look at the smiles at Morgan's Wonderland, and you'll see how much good it does.
4.Why was Gordon extremely sad？
A．His daughter was disabled.
B．He had to sell his business.
C．His daughter was never satisfied.
D．No playground was accessible to Morgan.
5.What do we know about Morgan's Wonderland？
A．Every child comes to play with Morgan.
B．It hires the disabled to attract tourists.
C．It allows every child to have fun here.
D．3/4 of its area is for normal children.
6.How did Gordon feel about his amusement park at first？
A．Confident. B．Uncertain.
C．Ashamed. D．Optimistic.
7.What can be the best title for this text？
A．Every Kid Deserves to Have Fun
B．We Should Respect Each Other
C．A Playground Is Enough for All
D．A Father Has Saved His Daughter
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了戈登为残疾的女儿建造游乐场的故事。
4．D 细节理解题。根据第一段“When his daughter Morgan was growing up, Gordon Hartman was heartbroken after watching her on the playground.Other children refused to play with her, mostly because her disabilities meant she couldn't access the places where they were playing.(当他的女儿摩根长大后，戈登·哈特曼在操场上看着她伤心欲绝。其他孩子拒绝和她一起玩，主要是因为她的残疾意味着她无法进入他们玩耍的地方。)”可知，戈登难过是因为女儿无法进入操场和孩子们一起玩耍。故选D。
5．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“What the Hartmans discovered is that kids without disabilities enjoy the park just as much, and they interact a lot more with everyone when all are included.In fact, three quarters of the park's visitors are not disabled.And that makes it all the more fun.(哈特曼夫妇发现，没有残疾的孩子同样喜欢公园，当所有人都包括在内时，他们与每个人的互动更多。事实上，该公园四分之三的游客不是残疾人。这就更有趣了。)”可知，每个孩子都能在这个游乐场玩得开心。故选C。
6．B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘When we opened this, we didn't know if it was going to work，’says Gordon.(戈登说：‘当我们开这个游乐场的时候，我们不知道它是否会起作用。’)”可知，戈登一开始不确定他的游乐场是否会起作用。故选B。
7．A 标题归纳题。根据第四段“Watching the kids play together without barriers makes you realize that we are all the same, and having fun is for everybody.(看着孩子们无拘无束地在一起玩耍，你会意识到我们都是一样的，玩得开心是每个人的事。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了戈登为残疾的女儿建造游乐场，结果所有的孩子都喜欢上这个游乐场，他们都玩得很开心。所以A项“Every Kid Deserves to Have Fun(每个孩子都应该玩得开心)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·安徽省淮南市高三一模)
Many of us use longer words in place of shorter ones.People think, if I can show that I have a good vocabulary, I'll sound smarter. 1 So what can you do to sound smarter Speak clearly and directly.And follow these tips.
2 If you're interviewing for a job, review the posting and take advantage of the whole information on the Internet about your potential company.If you're attending a staff meeting, check the agendA．Going on a date Plan some talking points, even if they're just about some favorite TV shows or movies.Feeling prepared will put you at ease, and that will boost your confidence.
Make eye contact.If someone looks at you while you're talking, you're more likely to think he or she is smart.Good eye contact means the other person is responsive to what you are doing or saying. 3
Strike a power pose.How open or closed your posture is conveys how open or closed you are to others.Openness can convey confidence. 4 Research has shown that holding these postures for just two minutes can lower stress and increase feelings of power.
Avoid pauses.Confidence is as noticeable in your voice as it is in your body language.As you have probably noticed from watching any public event or business meeting, the “winner” of the talk is usually the person who speaks most energetically and fluently. 5 If you are unconvinced by your own ideas, why should the rest of the room be convinced
A．Plan ahead.
B．Feel prepared.
C．Too many pauses make you sound unsure of yourself.
D．The problem with this plan is that it can easily go wrong.
E．The confidence displayed on a person is the key to his success.
F．If he is not responsive, that means that either you are dull or he is dumb.
G．Sit up straight and leave your arms widely spread on the table or at your sides.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在与人交流过程中，应该怎样做才能令自己看起来更加自信。
1．E 段中题。根据上文“People think, if I can show that I have a large vocabulary, I'll sound smarter.(人们认为，如果我能证明我的词汇量大，我会听起来更聪明。)”可知，拥有大词汇量能够让别人对自己刮目相看，夸赞自己更聪明，由此会给自己带来自信。设空处应该强调自信能够对自身有什么作用。同时根据下文“So what can you do to sound smarter Speak clearly and directly.(那么，你能做些什么让自己听起来更聪明呢？说话清晰直接。)”可知，说话清晰、直截了当能够让自己听起来更聪明，增加自信，让自己更容易成功。E选项“The confidence displayed in a person is the key to his success.(在一个人身上表现出的自信是他成功的关键。)”承上启下。故选E。
2．A 段首题。根据下文“If you're interviewing for a job, review the posting and take advantage of the whole information(如果你正在面试一份工作，查看帖子，充分利用互联网上关于你未来公司的全部信息)”可知，本段主要说明做事情要提前做好计划，做好充分的准备。A选项“Plan ahead.(提前计划。)”与下文构成总分关系。故选A。
3．F 段尾题。根据上文“Good eye contact means the other person is responsive to what you are doing or saying.(良好的眼神交流意味着对方对你正在做或说的事情有反应。)”可知，接下来可能提到双方的反应情况意味着什么，F项“If he is not responsive, that means that either you are dull or he is dumb.(如果他没有反应，那意味着要么你很迟钝，要么他很愚蠢。)”切题，responsive与上文中的responsive属于原词复现。故选F。
4．G 段中题。根据上文“Strike a power pose.How open or closed your posture is conveys how open or closed you are to others.Openness can convey confidence.(摆出有力的姿势。你的姿势是开放的还是封闭的，表明你对他人是开放的还是封闭的。开放可以传递信心。)”可知，接下来可能提到怎样做才是摆出有力的姿势，G项“Sit up straight and leave your arms widely spread on the table or at your sides.(坐直，双臂张开放在桌子上或身体两侧。)”切题。故选G。
5．C 段中题。根据本段第一句“Avoid pauses.(避免停顿。)”以及下文“If you are unconvinced by your own ideas, why should the rest of the room be convinced？(如果你不相信自己的想法，为什么要说服房间里的其他人？)”可知，与人交流过程中，应避免停顿太多，这会让人听起来你不够自信，C项“Too many pauses make you sound unsure of yourself.(停顿太多会让你听起来对自己不确定。)”的pauses为原词复现，unsure与下文的unconvinced为近义词。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2023·山东省潍坊市高考一模)
Anuar Abdullah is a 61-year-old diving instructor in MalaysiA．When he isn't 1. he's back out in the water 2. , studying, and restoring coral reefs(珊瑚礁)．
Now, as climate change becomes an 3. threat, governments, corporations, and others are coming to him for 4. .
Abdullah has no degree in marine biology or 5. training—just an amount of experience.In just the past decade, thousands have 6. to him to learn how to grow corals, and he now has around 700 volunteers 7. and has already restored hundreds of acres of coral reefs.
In 2017, Thailand's government asked Abdullah to 8. the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions, Maya Bay, because it had 9. half its coral population.10. were kept out of the site for three years while Abdullah led a team of 120 people in 11. new corals.
In 2021, after Typhoon Rai, the island of Cebu in the Philippines asked Abdullah to save what was 12. of the shoreline's coral reefs.And earlier this year, Abdullah launched a new effort to build the world's largest coral nursery in the Red SeA．There was a 13. on the nursery at the U．N.climate change summit(峰会), COP27, but Abdullah did not attend.He 14. conferences, he says.And he had 15. to do.
1.A．teaching B．diving
C．learning D．reporting
2.A．picking B．judging
C．describing D．observing
3.A．early B．artificial
C．apparent D．uncertain
4.A．help B．money
C．power D．honor
5.A．temporary B．formal
C．natural D．complex
6.A．devoted B．led
C．backed D．traveled
7.A．at once B．at first
C．in demand D．in action
8.A．initiate B．evaluate
C．highlight D．justify
9.A．regained B．lost
C．increased D．removed
10.A．Visitors B．Researchers
C．Volunteers D．Officials
11.A．guarding B．decorating
C．planting D．maintaining
12.A．hidden B．left
C．preserved D．ruined
13.A．contest B．presentation
C．course D．topic
14.A．witnesses B．records
C．schedules D．hates
15.A．interviews B．trips
C．work D．trade
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是Anuar Abdullah帮助修复珊瑚礁的事迹。
1．A 考查动词辨析。句意：当他不教学的时候，他就会回到水中观察、研究和修复珊瑚礁。A．teaching教；B.diving潜水；C.learning学习；D.reporting报道。根据上文“a 61-year-old diving instructor”可知，当他不教学时，他就回到水中。故选A。
2．D 考查动词辨析。句意：当他不教学的时候，他就会回到水中观察、研究和修复珊瑚礁。A．picking捡；B.judging判断；C.describing描述；D.observing观察。根据下文“studying, and restoring coral reefs(珊瑚礁)”可知，当他不教学时，他就回到水中观察、研究和修复珊瑚礁。故选D。
3．C 考查形容词辨析。句意：现在，随着气候变化成为一个明显的威胁，政府、公司和其他人都向他寻求帮助。A．early早期的；B.artificial人造的；C.apparent明显的；D.uncertain不确定的。根据上文“climate change”及常识可知，气候变化成为明显的威胁。故选C。
4．A 考查名词辨析。句意：现在，随着气候变化成为一个明显的威胁，政府、公司和其他人都向他寻求帮助。A．help帮助；B.money钱；C.power力量；D.honor荣誉。根据上文“as climate change becomes an 3. threat”可知，随着气候变化成为明显的威胁，人们向他寻求帮助。故选A。
5．B 考查形容词辨析。句意：Abdullah没有海洋生物学学位，也没有接受过正规培训，只是有一定的经验。A．temporary暂时的；B.formal正式的；C.natural自然的；D.complex复杂的。根据上文“has no degree in marine biology or”可知，Abdullah没有海洋生物学学位，也没有接受过正规培训。故选B。
6．D 考查动词辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，成千上万的人去他那里学习如何种植珊瑚，现在他有大约700名志愿者在行动，已经恢复了数百英亩的珊瑚礁。A．devoted奉献；B.led引导；C.backed倒退；D.traveled移动，旅行。根据上文“governments, corporations, and others are coming to him”可知，人们去他那里学习如何种植珊瑚，travel to sb.意为“去找某人”。故选D。
7．D 考查介词短语辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，成千上万的人去他那里学习如何种植珊瑚，现在他有大约700名志愿者在行动，已经恢复了数百英亩的珊瑚礁。A．at once立刻；B.at first起初；C.in demand非常需要的；D.in action在行动。根据下文“has already restored hundreds of acres of coral reefs”可知，有志愿者在行动，已经恢复了数百英亩的珊瑚礁。故选D。
8．A 考查动词辨析。句意：2017年，泰国政府要求Abdullah开始恢复该国最著名的旅游景点之一玛雅湾，因为那里的珊瑚数量已经减少了一半。A．initiate启动；B.evaluate评估；C.highlight突出；D.justify辩解。根据下文“the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions, Maya Bay”可知，开始恢复旅游景点。故选A。
9．B 考查动词辨析。句意：2017年，泰国政府要求Abdullah开始恢复该国最著名的旅游景点之一玛雅湾，因为那里的珊瑚数量已经减少了一半。A．regained恢复；B.lost失去；C.increased增加；D.removed去除。根据上文“the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions”可知，开始恢复旅游景点玛雅湾，因为那里的珊瑚数量已经减少了一半。故选B。
10．A 考查名词辨析。句意：在Abdullah带领120人的团队种植新珊瑚期间，游客被禁止进入该地点3年。A．Visitors游客；B.Researchers研究者；C.Volunteers志愿者；D.Officials官员。根据下文“while Abdullah led a team of 120 people in 11. new corals”可知，游客被禁止进入该地。故选A。
11．C 考查动词辨析。句意：在Abdullah带领120人的团队种植新珊瑚期间，游客被禁止进入该地点3年。A．guarding保卫；B.decorating装饰；C.planting种植；D.maintaining保持。根据上文“Thailand's government asked Abdullah to 8. the recovery of one of its most famous tourist attractions, Maya Bay, because it had 9. half its coral population”可知，要修复那个景点就要种珊瑚。故选C。
12．B 考查动词辨析。句意：2021年，台风Rai过后，菲律宾宿务岛要求Abdullah拯救海岸线上仅存的珊瑚礁。A．hidden躲藏；B.left留下；C.preserved保存；D.ruined破坏。根据上文“after Typhoon Rai”可知，台风过后，要拯救海岸线上仅存的珊瑚礁。故选B。
13．B 考查名词辨析。句意：在联合国气候变化峰会COP27上有一个关于这个苗圃的报告，但Abdullah没有参加。A．contest比赛；B.presentation报告；C.course课程；D.topic题目。根据下文“conferences”可知，有关于这个苗圃的报告。故选B。
14．D 考查动词辨析。句意：他说，他讨厌开会。A．witnesses目击；B.records记录；C.schedules安排；D.hates讨厌。根据上文“Abdullah did not attend”可知，他讨厌开会。故选D。
15．C 考查名词辨析。句意：他有工作要做。A．interviews面试；B.trips旅行；C.work工作；D.trade贸易。根据上文“Abdullah did not attend”和下文“to do”可知，他没有参加报告会，是因为有工作要做。故选C。组合练6
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·湖南省岳阳市高三一模)
Teaching artificial intelligence to understand simple physics concepts, such as that one solid object can't occupy the same space as another, could lead to more capable software that takes less computational resources to train, say researchers at Deep Mind.
Now, Luis Piloto at Deep Mind and his colleagues have created an AI called Physics Learning through Auto-encoding and Tracking Objects (PLATO) that is designed to understand that the physical world is composed of objects that follow basic physical laws.
The researchers trained PLATO to identify objects and their interactions by using simulated(模拟的)videos of objects moving as we would expect, such as balls falling to the ground, rolling behind each other and bouncing off each other.They also gave PLATO data showing which pixels(像素)in every frame or photo belonged to each object.To test PLATO's ability to understand five physical concepts, such as solidity, persistence (that an object doesn't tend to vanish) and unchangingness (that an object tends to retain features like shape and colour), the researchers used another series of simulated videos.Some showed objects obeying the laws of physics, while others depicted ridiculous actions.They tasked PLATO to predict what would happen next in each video, and found that its predictions were reliably wrong for nonsensical videos, but usually correct for logical ones, suggesting that AI has an intuitive(直觉的) knowledge of physics.
Piloto says the results show that an eccentric view of the world could give an AI a more generalized and adaptable set of abilities.“If you consider, for instance, all the different scenes that an apple might be in，” he says.“You don't have to learn about an apple on a tree, versus an apple in your kitchen, versus an apple in the garbage.When you kind of separate the apple as its own thing, you're in a better position to generalize how it behaves in new systems, in new contexts.It provides learning efficiency.”
“This is somewhat like teaching a kid what a car is by first teaching them what wheels and seats are，” Chen Feng at New York University says.“The benefit of using object centric representation, instead of raw visual inputs, makes AI learn intuitive physical concepts with better data efficiency.”
1.Why was PLATO created？
A．To help AI process more datA．
B．To teach AI researchers how to use simple physics knowledge.
C．To enable AI to comprehend simple physics concepts.
D．To have objects follow basic physical laws.
2.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about？
A．The purpose of the research.
B．The participants of the research.
C．The objects of the research.
D．The process of the research.
3.What's the function of the example in Paragraph 4？
A．Clarify a concept.
B．Provide theoretical basis.
C．Attract readers' attention.
D．Introduce a scene.
4.Which word can best describe the attitude of the author towards PLATO？
A．Unconcerned. B．Critical.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了教会人工智能理解基本的物理概念，使之拥有人一样的直觉感知，有利于研制出占用更少计算资源的、功能更为强大的软件。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, Luis Piloto at Deep Mind and his colleagues have created an AI called Physics Learning through Auto-encoding and Tracking Objects (PLATO) that is designed to understand that the physical world is composed of objects that follow basic physical laws.(现在，Deep Mind的Luis Piloto和他的同事们已经研制出了一个称之为‘通过自动解码并追踪物体进行物理学习的人工智能设备(简称PLATO )’，这个设备设计的目的在于使人工智能理解物理世界是由遵循基本物理规则的物体组成。)”可知，制造PLATO 的目的是为了教会人工智能理解基本的物理概念。故选C。
2．D 段落大意题。根据第三段“The researchers trained PLATO to identify objects and their interactions by using simulated(模拟的)videos of objects moving as we would expect, such as balls falling to the ground, rolling behind each other and bouncing off each other.(研究人员通过使用模拟物体运动的视频训练PLATO识别物体以及物体之间的互相影响。物体的这些运动形式符合我们的想象，比如球会掉到地上、滚到其他球的后面并互相碰撞。)”以及本段“They tasked PLATO to predict what would happen next in each video, and found that its predictions were reliably wrong for nonsensical videos, but usually correct for logical ones, suggesting that AI has an intuitive(直觉的)knowledge of physics.(他们给PLATO设置任务预测每一个视频接下来会发生什么。他们发现人工智能对于无意义的视频的预测是错误的，而对有逻辑性的视频的预测是正确的，这表明人工智能对物理知识有直觉认识。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是研究过程。故选D。
3．A 推理判断题。根据第四段“Piloto says the results show that an eccentric view of the world could give an AI a more generalized and adaptable set of abilities.(Piloto说这个结果显示对世界有古怪的想法会给人工智能一种概括性更强、适应性更强的能力。)”以及后面的“for instance”可知，作者举例是要对前面提出的概念进行解释。故选A。
4．C 观点态度题。根据最后一段“This is somewhat like teaching a kid what a car is by first teaching them what wheels and seats are(这就有点像先教孩子什么是轮子、什么是座位然后再教什么是汽车一样)”可知，作者对PLATO 的态度是一种基于常识的客观的态度。故选C。
B
(2023·甘肃省张掖市高三一模)
The Food and Drug Administration, citing an epidemic of diet-related illness, released new guidelines (准则) Wednesday aimed at reducing the amount of salt that of Americans consumes at restaurants, school cafeterias and trucks, or when they are eating packaged and prepared foods at home.The guidelines targeted manufactures that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and French fries.
The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.
That goal translates into 3,000 milligrams of salt—slightly more than 1 teaspoon—compared to the 3,400 milligrams that Americans typically consume in a day.American's love affair with salty foods has been linked to alarmingly high rates of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure.
Much of the excess sodium that Americans consume, about 70% comes from processed and packaged food and meals served at restaurants, according to researchers.The guidance will apply to 163 categories of processed and packaged food and provide different targets for, say, rye bread, salad dressing and baby food.
Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public's focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.
But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much.Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.Dr.Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines.The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt.Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress.
5.What is true about the FDA's guidance about salt cut？
A．It involves all food companies.
B．It concerns homemade food.
C．It will be carried out gradually.
D．It will be followed strictly.
6.What do the underlined words “move the needle” mean in the last paragraph？
A．Encourage people to eat out.
B．Threaten the food companies.
C．Replace the tradition.
D．Bring about changes.
7.Why is China mentioned in the last paragraph？
A．To persuade the FDA to be patient.
B．To prove the effect of less salt intake.
C．To praise China for its action.
D．To introduce a salt replacement.
8.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about？
A．Disapproval of the FDA guidelines.
B．Reactions to the FDA guidelines.
C．Anticipation of the FDA guidelines.
D．Approaches to the FDA guidelines.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针及社会对这项指导方针的不同的反应。
5．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.(这些建议是在拖延多年后发布的，旨在通过鼓励食品制造商、餐馆和食品服务公司减少食盐的使用，在未来两年半内逐步将钠——盐的化学名称——的平均每日摄入量减少12%。)”可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐的摄入量的指导目标是在未来两年半内逐步将盐的平均每日摄入量减少12%，该指导方针将逐步实施。故选C。
6．D 词句猜测题。根据画线短语后句“Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.(一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用。)”可知，下文专家建议强制减少盐的使用，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用，不会带来太大变化，所以才会建议强制减少盐的使用。故选D。
7．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr.Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines.The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt.(塔夫茨大学的Dariush Mozaffarian博士说，中国最近的一项研究表明，FDA应该更严格地遵守其指导方针。研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低。)”可知，中国最近的一项研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低，少摄入盐会降低中风和心脏问题的几率，最后一段提到中国是为了证明少摄入盐的效果。故选B。
8．B 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public's focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.(营养学家和公共卫生专家赞扬FDA解决了钠过量的问题，称这项努力将有助于加强公众对摄入过多盐的危险的关注，并给食品公司带来压力，使其减少对盐作为廉价调味剂的依赖。)”和最后一段“But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much.Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.(但许多人表示，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用。一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用。)”可知，文章最后两段主要介绍了人们对FDA减盐的指导方针的反应，有人表示赞扬，有人认为不太可能起到很大的作用。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·河北省石家庄市高三一模)
The Chinese couplet (对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper for 1 (appreciate)．
As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet 2 (vary) in content and style.Some express people's love to their motherland, some describe the beauty of nature, 3 some convey best wishes for the coming year.
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and 4 (become) ubiquitous (无处不在的) in the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was a custom for people 5 (hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival.Nowadays, couplets are used 6 a similar way.
It was said that the 7 (early) couplet was written by Meng Xu, king of Houshu State and it was 8 (extreme) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty.Since the Ming Dynasty, to write couplets 9 (regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal-length lines.However, 10 number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more.The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns.The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone (仄声), and its opposite in the second line, of a level tone (平声)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述中国对联的形式、表达意义和起源等信息。
1．appreciation 考查名词。句意：中国的对联是指遵循一定规则的两行诗，通常写在红纸上供欣赏。设空处在介词for后，应用名词作宾语。故填appreciation。
2．varies 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为中国文学的一种形式，对联的内容和风格各不相同。设空处为谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是the couplet，谓语是第三人称单数。故填varies。
3．and 考查连词。句意：有的表达了人们对祖国的爱，有的描述了自然的美丽，还有的表达了对来年的美好祝愿。分析句子结构可知，三个句子是并列的关系，后面两个句子应用and连接。故填and。
4．became 考查时态。句意：中国的对联起源于五代，在明清时期变得普遍。设空处为谓语动词，根据上半句和上下文语境可知应用一般过去时。故填became。
5．to hang 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们在春节期间挂桃木符咒来驱魔是一种习俗。分析句子结构可知，本句的it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。故填to hang。
6．in 考查介词。句意：如今，人们也用类似的方式来使用对联。表示“使用某种方式”，一般用介词in。故填in。
7．earliest 考查形容词最高级。句意：据说，世界上最早的对联是后蜀国皇帝孟昶写的，在北宋时期非常流行。设空处修饰名词作定语，应为形容词，根据句意可知是最高级。故填earliest。
8．extremely 考查副词。句意：据说，世界上最早的对联是后蜀国皇帝孟昶写的，在北宋时期非常流行。设空处修饰形容词作状语，应用副词形式。故填extremely。
9．has been regarded 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自明代起，写对联就被视为文人学士生活修养的标志。分析句子结构可知，设空处为谓语，根据时间状语Since the Ming Dynasty可知应用现在完成时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是不定式to write couplets，谓语用第三人称单数。故填has been regarded。
10．the 考查冠词。句意：但是，每行中的字符数可以是4到7个或更多。the number of意为“……的数量”。故填the。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分)
(2023·福建省厦门市高三毕业班二模)
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Ross在邮件中提到他对中国电影很感兴趣。请推荐一部你最喜爱的影片，内容包括：
1．你的推荐；
2．你的理由。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
【范文】
Dear Ross，
Knowing that you are interested in Chinese films, I am more than excited because I am fairly a film lover myself.
I recommend a well-known Chinese film titled Monkey King to you, which tells the fairy tale of Sun Wukong, the Monkey King.It tells the story of Sun Wukong, who is not afraid of power, fighting against the dragon palace and the heaven, and bravely fighting with the heaven soldiers and the heaven generals.
Watching this film, you will be deeply moved by the courage and spirit of the main character Sun Wukong.That's why I make this recommendation.I am looking forward to your view of this film.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2023·吉林省白山市高三一模)
After Justin Gordon came back from his last delivery, the kitchen was clean and empty and the lights were off.He was changing his clothes when the restaurant's landline rang.He wasn't supposed to answer the phone, but he was afraid it might be his boss, Mr.Kelso.So he picked up the phone and said, “Gourmet Restaurant, may I help you？” An old woman's voice was on the other side, “I'm so glad you're still open! I've just returned from a long trip and I have no food in the house.I really want to order some dinner！” Justin hesitated for a moment, then he wrote down the woman's name and address and headed for the kitchen.
Fortunately, Justin was an excellent cook.In fact, his late father was a good chef and his dream was to become another, but he couldn't afford to enter the Culinary Academy (烹饪学院)．
The food was ready soon.He wouldn't have time to clean up the kitchen if he was to deliver the food quickly.So he decided to come into work early the next morning.He jumped onto his motorbike and headed for the customer's address.
A woman in a wheelchair answered the door.“Good evening, Madam, this is a special delivery from Gourmet Restaurant.It is free of charge！” Justin said.
Early the next morning, the first thing for Justin was to clean up the kitchen.
He had nearly finished when Mr.Kelso walked in.“You're not the chef! You're allowed in the kitchen only if it's to pick up deliveries！” he screamed, “You acted against the rule! YOU'RE FIRED！” Justin was close to tears, but he knew that he had broken the rule.There was nothing he could say more.
Mr.Kelso was extremely angry.When he went to dinner at his mother's that evening, he told her all about it.“Some woman phoned in an order after hours, and he left the kitchen in chaos！” he scoffed, “Can you believe it？”
“Yes，” his mother said, “I phoned him, son.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph 1：
His mother told him what happened that evening.
Paragraph 2：
Mr.Kelso managed to find Justin and invite him to lunch at Gourmet Restaurant.
【范文】
Paragraph 1：
His mother told him what happened that evening. She came back home from her trip and there was no food in the house.She was so hungry that she placed an order even though she knew the kitchen was closed.But the food the young man delivered was a lot better than what the current chef cooked.In addition, he wouldn't let her pay for the dinner.Mr.Kelso apologized to his mother for forgetting to do some shopping for her.
Paragraph 2：
Mr.Kelso managed to find Justin and invite him to lunch at Gourmet Restaurant. Justin was astonished to see his former boss on his doorstep the next day.That day, Mr.Kelso and Justin had a lovely lunch.He asked Justin where he had learned to cook.Justin explained his father had been a chef and he learned cooking from his father.Mr.Kelso smiled and said that his mother loved the food Justin had cooked for her, and that Gourmet Restaurant was taking him back as a part-time assistant chef on the weekends.What's more, he would pay for his tuition at the Culinary Academy starting next semester!
