2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 专题三 第3讲 介词 课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
专 题 三
不可忽视的小词
第3讲 介词
（10年14考；选择填空、完形填空、完成对话、短文填空）
2
第一节 介词的基本用法
4
第二节 介词短语及固定搭配
5
随堂检测
1
考情概览
3
考情概览
考情概览
成都近10年中考在选择填空、完形填空、完成对话、短文填空中考查介词的基本用法。具体考查角度如下：
1．表时间：
选择填空(2016 A．37)；
第一节 介词的基本用法
(10年9考；选择填空、完形填空、完成对话、短文填空)
考情概览
2．表方位：
选择填空(2017A.33)；完形填空(2018A.57，2016A.55)；
短文填空(2021B.三1)；
3．其他常见介词：
选择填空(2023A. 33，2022A. 32)；完形填空(2016 A. 61)；
完成对话(2014 B．一8)。
课标知识导图
表时间(2016A.37)
1.on, at与in (2016A.37)
介词的基本用法(10年9考)：①表时间(2016A.37) ②表方位(10年4考) ③其他常见介词(10年4考)
(1)on Monday, on Saturday morning, on September 1st (2016 A.37)→on用于具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前，以及星期或节日前
(2)at hall past ten, at noon→at用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前
表时间(2016A.37)
1.on, at与in (2016A.37)
(3)in the afternoon, in summer, in 2023→in强调时间段，即在较长的一段时间内，后多接表示世纪、年代、季节、月份等名词或泛指某一天的上午、下午、晚上
2.after与before
(1)after
①She will go to the library after three o'clock.→+时间点，常与将来时连用
②We finished the project after five months. →+时间段，常与过去时连用
(2)before
Before you get off the bus, you should wait until it stops. →后接时间点
表时间(2016A.37)
3.for与during
(1)I have walked for a long time.→+for+一段时间，意为
“(延续)……多久”，强调某动作或状态延续或持续了多长时间.
(2)Students can take part in many social activities during the summer holiday.→during意为“……期间”，强调“自始至终”
4.since与from
(1)We' ve lived in China since 2013.→表示从过去某时直到现在，后接时间点，since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用完成时
(2)Mary began painting from 4 years old.→说明开始的时间，
谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态
5.by与until
(1)I will finish the work by Friday.→by+时间点，到……为止不迟于；在……前
(2)The sports meeting won't be held until next week.→until意为“直到……”
表方位(10年4考)
1.in, at,on与to
(1)in
①There are tears in her eyes.→表示……里面，在(某范围)之内
②I was born in China.→in+大地点(国家、城市等)
(2)at
Turn right at the building, and you'll find a new bookstore. →at+小地点(车站、电影院、家等)
(3)on
①There are some books on the desk.→在……上面
②Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong.→表示两地接壤
Japan lies to the east of China.→表示在(某范围)之外，且两地不接壤
(4)to
表方位(10年
4考)
2.between与among (2016A.55)
(1)The Silk Road is a bridge between East and West. (2016A. 55)→between“在两者之间”
(2)Kim practices hardest among his team members.→ among “在三者或三者以上的人或物之间”
3.above,over,below与under(2021B.三1)
(1)The plane is flying above the clouds.→above:在……上方，
表示两者不接触，不一定垂直
(2)The bridge over the river has a long history.→over:在……正上方，表示两者不接触
表方位(10年
4考)
3.above,over,below与under(2021B.三1)
(3)The coat reaches below the knees.→below:在……下方，
表示两者不接触，不一定垂直
(4)It makes me really proud to speak under the national flag.
(2021B.三1)→under:在……正下方，表示两者不接触
表方位(10年
4考)
4.behind,
beside,inside与outside
(2017A.33)
(1)The school is behind the hospital.(2017A.33)→behind:在……后面
(2)Jenny is sitting on the sofa and Danny is sitting beside her. →beside: 在……旁边
(3)Then they heard an old woman' s voice from inside the house.→inside: 在……里面
(4)Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. →outside: 在……外面
5.up(2018A.57)
We walked slowly up the hill. (2018A.57)→up:“往……上端，沿……往上”
其他
常见
介词(10年4考)
1.without
I don't think we should speak freely without knowing the facts.
→without“没有；缺乏”，表否定
2.toward Mckay walked slowly toward this garden.→toward“向；朝着”
(1)Life is like a race. You either take the lead or fall behind. →“像……一样”
(2)Betty likes to take part in many activities about traditional culture,
like wearing hanfu.→“例如，比如”，=such as/ for example
3.like
(1)I study English by listening to tapes.→by+动名词，意为
“通过……方式；以……方式、方法或手段”
(2)It is important to leave earlier if you are travel(l)ing by car.→by+
交通工具，意为“乘；坐”
4.by
其他
常见介词(10年4考)
5.with (2022A.32)
(1)I eat with chopsticks instead of a fork.→with表示“用；以；借助于”，后常接具体的工具
(2)Many people enjoy staying with family and friends.
→with表示 “ 和……一起”，随着，由于”，表伴随
(3)The girl with yellow shirt is my sister→表示“穿；戴”
After dinner, we usually watch a special programme on TV.→on表示“以……方式”， 用于手段、通讯方式等，一般指用网络、电脑、电视、电话等通讯方式
6.on
We teenagers can learn more about traditional culture.→about “关于，有关；大约，接近于”
7.about
其他
常见介词(10年4考)
8.for
(1)I want to do something for the poor kids.→表对象,“为；给”
(2)I didn' t go to school for my sickness.→表原因,“因为”
(3)We haven't seen each other for a long time.→表一段时间或距离
Nancy is standing against the wall now.→against 表示“靠着，
倚着；对抗，反对”
9.against
He walked through the forest alone. (2023A.33 )
→through表示“穿过……”
11.through
( 2023A.33 )
All the students are here except me.(2016A.61, 2014B.一8)
→ except “除……外”
10.except
(2016A.61,
2014B.一8)
考情概览
成都近10年中考在选择填空、完形填空中考查介词短语及固定搭配，具体考查角度如下：
1．介词与名词的搭配：
选择填空(2014A. 30)；完形填空(2020A.59，2014A. 68)；
2．介词与形容词的搭配：
选择填空(2015A. 36)；完形填空(2014A.54)。
第二节 介词短语及固定搭配
(10年5考；选择填空、完形填空)
课标知识导图
介词与名词的搭配
(10年3考)
1.in短语(2014A.30, 2014A.68)
介词短语及固定搭配(10年5考)：①介词与名词的搭配(10年3考) ②介词与形容词的搭配(2015A. 36,2014A.54) ③介词与动词的搭配
in common共同的 in danger处于危险中
in doubt怀疑地 in fact事实上(2014A.68)
in person亲自 in public公开地
in order 整齐;井然有序 in English用英语(2014A.30 )
介词与名词的搭配
(10年3考)
2.of短语
ahead of在……前面 because of因为;由于
instead of代替;而不是 in face of面对(问题、困难等)
according to根据;按照 close to接近
in order to为了 next to紧靠……的旁边;紧邻
thanks to幸亏;由于 to one's surprise令某人惊喜/吃惊的是……
3.to短语
4.at短语
(2020A.59)
at birth出生时 at last最后
at least至少 at once立刻;马上:(2020A.59)
5.on短语
on business出差 on duty值日，值班
on holiday度假 on purpose故意
on sale出售;降价出售 on time准时
介词与形容词的搭配(2015A. 36,2014A.54)
be absent from缺席 be different from与……不同
be afraid of对……害怕 be full of充满
be proud of 对……感到自豪
be good/bad for 对……有益/害( 2014A.54 )
be famous/known for 因……而著名 be late for迟到( 2015A.36 )
be hungry/thirsty for渴望;渴求 be ready for准备……
be thankful for sth.对(某事)心存感激 be responsible for 对……有责任
be excited about对……感到兴奋 be sure about 对……把握
be worried about 对……担心 be crazy about 对……着迷
be good at在……方面擅长 be surprised at对……感到惊奇
介词与形容词的搭配(2015A. 36,2014A.54)
be interested in对……感兴趣 be rich in富含……
be weak in不擅长…… be helpful to 对……有帮助
be friendly to 对……友好 be harmful to对……有危害
be similar to与……相似 be thankful to sb.感激(某人)
be angry with (sb.)对(某人)发怒 be busy with忙于……
be patient with 对……有耐心 be pleased with对……感到满意
be popular with受……的欢迎 be satisfied with对……感到满意
be strict with 对……严格要求
介词与动词的搭配
fall off跌落 fill...with...用……填满……
happen to偶然发生 lead to导致
prefer to...更喜欢…… regard...as...把……当作……
talk with与……交谈 play a role in .在……中扮演角色/起作用
随堂检测
基础训练
1. (2023成都A.33)Deng Qingming， an astronaut of Shenzhou 15， achieved his dream 　　　　 many years' hard work.
A. without B. in C. through
2. (2022成都A.32)My mother often tells me it's impolite to hit an empty bowl 　　　　 chopsticks.
A. in B. on C. with
C
C
3. (2023武侯区二诊)The UN Chinese Language Day is 　　　 April 20 every year， the same day as Grain Rain(Guyu)， to remember Cangjie.
A. around B. at C. in
4. (2023金牛区二诊)China has made a complete victory in its fight ______ poverty(贫穷). And many people in poor areas are living a better life than before.
A. through B. against C. for
A
B
5. We have a school trip on Thursday morning and we must get to school ______half past six.
A. in B. on C. at
6. The man 　　　　 a big smile is Lu Hong. He is a disabled shopkeeper who helps many disabled people realize their life values.
A. at B. on C. with
7. —Excuse me， where can I get a map of the city？
—In the nearest bookshop. You can go there 　　　　 bike.
A. with B. by C. for
C
C
B
8. Making some handwork by themselves is getting more and more popular 　　　　 students.
A. between B. among C. for
9. When I saw Alice waiting for me at the gate of the zoo， I walked
　　　　 her quickly.
A. through B. across C. towards
B
C
10. —It's raining heavily outside. May I push my bicycle into your house？
—Sure. But please put it 　　　　 the wall so that it won't take up too much space.
A. inside B. against C. around
11. Many kinds of waterbirds along the Yellow River are 　　　　. Our government is taking action to protect them.
A. in danger B. in person C. in order
B
A
12. Everyone went to Jimmy's birthday party 　　　　 Tina， because she had to pick her uncle up at the airport with her parents.
A. about B. with C. except
13. Never say it's impossible before you try something. Your success depends on practice 　　　　 words.
A. in short B. thanks to C. instead of
14. My mother tells me that about three fourths of the earth is covered
　　　　 water， but we have a small amount of fresh water.
A. to B. for C. with
C
C
C
15. —I'm so sorry I spilled(洒) water on your shirt！
—It's OK. After all， you didn't do it 　　　　.
A. in public B. on purpose C. at once
B
Passage 1
Cai Zongqi is a teacher from a foreign university. He is interested in Chinese literature(文学) very much. And he has spent 　1　 30 years spreading Chinese literature.
( )1. A. for B. about C. from
微语篇提能
B
In 2008， his book How to Read Chinese Poetry came out. 　2　 the help of the book， American students can overcome language barriers(障碍) and fully enjoy Chinese poetry.
Cai believes that reading Chinese ancient poems may help readers， both Chinese and American， look at present life 　3　 a new side.
( )2. A. According to B. As for C. Thanks to
( )3. A. around B. during C. from
C
C
Then Cai made a decision to do the program How to Read Chinese Poetry on the Internet 　4　 people to know more about Chinese poetry.
“I will also make the best use of my knowledge 　5　 Chinese literature and poetry to share Chinese culture with the world，” said Cai. “At the same time， I also hope that more Chinese can spread our excellent culture to the world.”
( )4. A. at B. of C. for
( )5. A. in B. at C. up
C
A
Passage 2
外文素材改编自THE WEEK Junior
辩之有道
School life is more than learning. If you want to exercise your mind and have fun 　1　 the same time， why not join a debate(辩论) club？ You can do many things there， 　2　 discussing interesting things and sharing opinions with others.
( )1. A. of B. at C. to
( )2. A. as for B. in fact C. such as
B
C
This is because debate provides a chance to express your thoughts in an organized manner.
In an organized debate， two teams will be given a subject. Each side prepares a speech according to that subject. The two sides take it __3_ turn， showing the ideas and reacting(回应) to what the other team has said.
( )3. A. around B. during C. in
C
　4　 start with， it is very important to do your research ahead of time. After that， you can express your own opinions. Sometimes you may have to argue for something you don't agree with. But that will help you to consider other people's points of view. You need to speak clearly 　5　 shouting at others.
When you debate， you can learn about the world around you. It can make you become more outgoing and organized.
( )4. A. For B. By C. To
( )5. A. instead of B. because of C. in face of
C
A