2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 专题五 构词法 课件(共16张PPT)

(共16张PPT)
专 题 五
构词法
专题五 构词法
2
随堂检测
1
知识梳理
知识梳理
一、合成法
定义：由两个或两个以上的词组合起来的新词叫做合成词。合成词是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。
类型 构成方式 例词
复合名词 名词+名词 classroom
形容词+名词 blackboard
动词+名词 playground
名词+动名词 handwriting
类型 构成方式 例词
复合动词 副词+动词 overcome, upset
名词+动词-ing sightseeing
复合形容词 名词+形容词 worldwide
数词+名词 second-hand
数词+名词+形容词 five-year-old
名词+动词过去分词 man-made
复合副词 不定代词+副词 somewhere
复合代词 不定代词+名词 anything
二、派生法
定义：在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成的新词叫做派生词。
1. 常见前缀
前缀大多数不造成词性的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。
前缀 含义 例词
dis 不；无 disagree, disappear
im 不 impatient, impolite
in 不；非 inexpensive,incomplete
前缀 含义 例词
mis 错误 misunderstanding
non 不；非 non smoker, non stop
un 不 unforgettable
re 再；又 return, rewrite, retell
super 超级 supermarket, superman
tele 远程 telephone, television
2. 常见后缀
通过加后缀变成另一个词。后缀不仅能改变词义，也能改变词性。
词类 后缀 例词
名词 -er, -or,-ress listener, dancer, reporter, waitress
-ing building,feeling, shopping
-ment achievement, development
-ion, -tion, -ation, -sion education, invention, decision
-n, -an, -ian Australian,European, musician
词类 后缀 例词
名词 -ese Chinese, Japanese
-ist artist, scientist
-ness sadness, illness
-ship friendship
-th truth, warmth
-ty safety, activity
词类 后缀 例词
形容词 -ful useful
-ous dangerous
-able enjoyable
-al traditional, personal
-ing interesting
-d, -ed excited
-ern eastern, western
-ive active, positive
词类 后缀 例词
形容词 -al musical, physical
-less careless, hopeless
-ly friendly, weekly
-y healthy
副词 -ly really, successfully, widely, finally, politely
词类 后缀 例词
数词 -th seventh, fortieth, seventieth, hundredth
-teen thirteen, fourteen
-ty twenty, thirty, forty
三、转化法
定义:转化法是指把一个单词从一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
词性转化 例词
名词→动词 book n．书→v.预订
water n．水→v.浇水
动词→名词 talk v．谈论→n.谈话
walk v．散步；走→n.散步
词性转化 例词
形容词→名词 daily adj.日常的→n.日报
high adj.高的→n.最高水平
形容词→动词 clean adj.干净的→v.打扫
副词→动词 down adv.向下→v.打倒；放下
随堂检测
短文填空基础练
agree care develop direct educate enjoy
family forget friend harm ill nineteen
1.It's normal to have problems with your classmates. Even good friends ___ with each other sometimes.
2.A true heart is the secret to the of a good relationship.
3.Jack was absent from class because of . We wonder when he can go back to school.
disagree
development
illness
agree care develop direct educate enjoy
family forget friend harm ill nineteen
4.We'd better check the paper before handing it in to avoid making some _________ mistakes.
5.Helping others is a(n) thing. So when someone asks for help, please give him a hand.
6.Not getting enough sleep can be to our health, so do not stay up late.
7.You'd better solve the difficult problems by yourselves at first instead of asking others for help .
careless
enjoyable
harmful
directly
agree care develop direct educate enjoy
family forget friend harm ill nineteen
8.In order to improve students living skills, more activities about labor _________ will be held next term.
9.Keeping in touch with each other is a good way to make us remember our forever.
10.Many designs on the Asian Games will have a connection with our traditional culture and the latest inventions.
education
friendship
nineteenth