2023级高一第一学期期中考试英语科试卷
（本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分；满分150分；考试时间120分钟）
第I卷 选择题部分(满分110分)
第一部分 听力理解 (共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
每段播放两遍。各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅读时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话，回答第1 ~2题。
1. What’s the woman’s favorite sport to watch
A. Baseball. B. Basketball. C. Football.
2. What can we know about the man
A. He likes watching and playing sports.
B. He takes sports nearly every day.
C. He doesn’t like playing sports.
听第二段对话，回答第3~5题。
3. What does the woman think of the man’s first idea
A. Interesting. B. Useful. C. Hard
4. What does the man do when learning the word “film”
A. He connects it with a similar word.
B. He marks films in English.
C. He goes to the movies.
5. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
听第三段对话，回答第6~8题。
6. What is the woman doing
A. Reporting the man. B. Asking the man for advice. C. Writing an article for the man.
7. What does the man say about growing older
A. It makes life simple.
B. It makes people enjoy the past.
C. It helps people understand the world better.
8. How does the woman feel about growing older
A. It’s great. B. It’s natural. C. It’s hard to accept.
听第四段对话，回答第9~11题。
9. What is a visitor’s first impression of Liverpool
A. Its buildings. B. Its museums. C. Its art galleries.
10. In what way is Liverpool number one in Britain
A. Tradition. B. History. C. Music.
11. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Various sports. B. A famous city. C. British festivals.
听第五段独白，回答第12 ~15题。
12. What did the speaker do before the year 2012
A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner.
13. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker
A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth place.
14. Which is the hardest for the speaker
A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing Botswana.
15. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. His plan to go for the gold.
B. His experience on the track.
C. His love for his home country.
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 单项选择题 (共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. He was not ______ with his grade in the exam and thought he could have done better.
A. positive B. confident C. curious D. content
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对自己的考试成绩不满意，认为自己本可以考得更好。A. positive积极的；B. confident自信的；C. curious好奇的；D. content满足的。根据后文“thought he could have done better”可知，此处表示对考试成绩不满意。故选D。
2. Parents can make ________ big difference in dealing with _______ stress of their children.
A. a; the B. a; a
C. the; the D. the; a
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：父母在处理孩子们的压力中有很大的影响。第一空为固定短语make a difference有影响，第二空特指孩子们的压力，所以用定冠词。故选A。
3. We requested they ________about the plan with us________detail the next day.
A. talked, in B. talking, for C. talk, in D. talked, for
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和介词短语。句意：我们要求他们第二天和我们详细讨论这个计划。A.talked交谈，in在……内；B.talking交谈，for为了，以帮助；C.talk交谈，in在……内；D.talked交谈，for为了，以帮助。request后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，其结构为：(should)+动词原形，其中should可以省略，第一个设空处为宾语从句，应用动词原形；介词短语in detail意为“详细地、详尽地”。故选C。
4. You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t ______ as you expect.
A. work out B. check out C. make up D. come across
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你不可能预测一切，事情往往不会像你期望的那样发展。A. work out顺利进行；B. check out结账离开；C. make up构成，化妆；D. come across偶然遇到。由上文“You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t”可知，你不可能预测一切，这是因为事情往往不会像你期望的顺利进行，“顺利进行”为短语work out，故选A。
5. The invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.
A. made possible B. made it possible C. made possibly D. made it possibly
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：电报的发明使信息在几秒钟内传送到世界各地成为可能。the transmission of messages部分为名词，不是动词不定式，此处不需要it作形式宾语，排除B项和D项；此处是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，副词不能作宾语补足语，排除C项。故选A。
6. These kinds of flowers are beautiful, but I find them very difficult _______ indeed.
A. to be planted B. to plant C. planting D. planted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些花很漂亮，但我发现它们确实很难种植。此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，且为find it +adj.+to do结构。故选B。
7. We were just about to leave _______ a ________ sound broke out.
A. when; frightening B. while; frightened C. before; frightening D. as; frightened
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型及形容词词义辨析。句意：我们正要离开，突然传来一声可怕的声音。A. when当……的时候；frightening可怕的；B. while在……期间；frightened害怕的；C. before在……之前；frightening可怕的；D. as因为；frightened害怕的。第一空是固定句型be about to do sth. when...“正要做某事，就在这时”；第二空修饰sound，应用-ing结尾形容词。故选A。
8. —Could we have a word before you leave
—Sure, wait a moment. I ______ my work, but it won’t take long.
A. would just finish B. have just finished
C. just finished D. am just finishing
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你走之前我们能说句话吗？——当然，等一下。我就要完成工作，但不会花太长时间。A. would just finish就会完成（过去将来时）；B. have just finished刚刚完成（现在完成时）；C. just finished刚完成了（一般过去时）；D. am just finishing就要完成（现在进行时）。根据前文“wait a moment(等一会儿)”以及“but it won’t take long(但不会花太长时间)”可知，第二个说话人正在做工作，就要完成了，可用现在进行时表将来。故选D项。
9. —Just now Jerry helped to work out a difficult problem for Ms. Smith.
—He ________ others.
A. was always helping B. is always helping
C. always helped D. had always helped
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：—刚才杰瑞帮史密斯女士解了一道难题。—他总是帮助别人。根据语境可知，表示现在的情况，用现在时，而且现在进行时和always连用，表示“总是，一向”。故选B。
10. He got up late in the morning. That’s ________ he didn’t attend the meeting.
A. because B. which C. why D. for which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和连接副词。句意：他早上起晚了。那就是为什么他没有参加会议。根据句意和空格前的that’s可知，空格处应该填入一个连接副词引导表语从句，其意义为“为什么”，所以应该用why，构成固定句型That is why（那就是为什么）。故选C项。
11. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史蒂芬·霍金认为，地球不可能是唯一一个生命逐渐发展的星球。句中先行词为planet，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选C。
12. Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone _______ functions are more practical .
A. which B. whose C. where D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现在几乎每个人都喜欢使用功能更实用的智能手机。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词mobile phone在从句中作functions的定语成分。故选B项。
13. Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A. whose B. where C. when D. why
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售总监是一个沟通能力和销售能力一样重要的职位。分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position为先行词，在定语从句中，in the position作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选B项。
14. My voice was so little and the shop owner had to bend down to hear_______ I wanted to buy.
A. what it was B. it was what
C. what it was that D. what was that
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：我的声音太小了以致于店主弯下腰来听我到底想买什么。分析句子可知，hear后面的宾语从句为一个强调句型的特殊疑问句型，强调的是what，宾语从句的语序应该使用陈述语序，由此可排除其他选项，故选C。
【点睛】
15. It is in the very village ________Mary was born 35 years ago ________she will build her first school.
A. that；where B. that；that
C. where；that D. where；where
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在35年前玛丽出生的那个村庄，她将建立她的第一所学校。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词village，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导；第二空是强调句，其基本句型是：it is+被强调的部分+that+句子其他成分，此处对地点状语进行强调，需填that。故选C。
第二节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其段落大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I used to think my life was perfect. My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to look after. But one Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane ___16___ our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was ____17____, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.
But something ____18____ happened. Our neighbors, the Flores family, came to our ____19____. They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay. Their ____20____ was most impressive. We had never ____21____ spoken to them before, but they ____22____ their home to us and made us feel like family.
We started a new ____23____ of having weekend dinner together. We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our ____24____ were filled with laughter and delicious food. It was a beautiful thing to see our ____25____ come together in the wake of a disaster.
I ____26____ knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane. But she quickly became my friend. She had a gift for ____27____ and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter.
Looking back, I realize that the hurricane ____28____ unexpected benefit. It brought us closer to our neighbors and ____29____ our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes, it takes a(n) ____30____ to bring out the best in people.
16. A. visited B. exchanged C. approached D. swept
17. A. affected B. changed C. destroyed D. cleaned
18. A. invisible B. unexpected C. impossible D. awkward
19. A. mind B. contact C. aid D. sense
20. A. belief B. request C. wealth D. kindness
21. A. really B. obviously C. naturally D. clearly
22. A. sold B. rented C. showed D. opened
23. A. business B. project C. tradition D. life
24. A. destinations B. gatherings C. journeys D. memories
25. A. family B. survivors C. community D. supporters
26. A. soon B. never C. already D. also
27. A. fortune telling B. story telling C. mind reading D. house keeping
28. A. brought about B. resulted from C. made up D. gave out
29. A. rescued B. unearthed C. enriched D. recorded
30. A. legend B. effort C. party D. disaster
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一场飓风席卷了作者所在的社区，作者的家被摧毁了，但是之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，整个社区也团结在了一起。由此作者感悟到一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们去罗利拜访我祖父母时，一场飓风席卷了我们的社区。A. visited参观；B. exchanged交换；C. approached靠近；D. swept扫除；席卷。根据后文“our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.(我们干净舒适的家变成了废墟)”可知，飓风席卷了我们的社区，摧毁了我们的家园。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的厨房被毁了，我们干净舒适的家也成了一片废墟。我们的厨房被毁了，我们干净舒适的家成了一片废墟。A. affected影响；B. changed改变；C. destroyed摧毁；D. cleaned打扫干净。前文“A hurricane ____1____ our neighborhood”提到一场飓风席卷了作者所在的社区，由此可知，厨房被毁了，舒适的家变成一片废墟。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是意想不到的事情发生了。A. invisible看不见的；B. unexpected意料之外的；C. impossible不可能的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据后文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.”和“Looking back, I realize that the hurricane____13____unexpected benefit.”可知，几乎没怎么说话的邻居来帮助作者一家，这是意想不到的事情。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的邻居弗洛雷斯一家来帮助我们。A. mind思维；B. contact联系；C. aid帮助；D. sense感觉。根据后文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.(他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处)”可知，邻居一家来帮助作者一家，短语为come to one’s aid表示“帮助某人”。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的善良给人留下了深刻的印象。A. belief信念；B. require要求；C. wealth财富；D. kindness善良。根据前文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.(他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处)”可知，邻居一家帮助作者一家，由此可知，他们是善良的。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们以前从未和他们真正交谈过，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们有家的感觉。A. really真正地；B. obviously 显然地；C. naturally自然地；D. clearly清楚地。根据后文“spoken to them before, but they”可知，but表示转折，作者一家此前从未和他们真正交谈过，但是他们却向作者一家提供帮助。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们以前从未和他们真正交谈过，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们有家的感觉。A. sold出售；B. rented租；C. showed展示；D. opened打开。根据上文“offered us a place to stay”可知，邻居一家为作者一家提供了住处，由此可知，他们为作者一家敞开大门。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始了周末一起吃晚饭的新传统。A. business生意；B. project项目；C. tradition传统；D. life生活。根据后文“of having weekend dinner together”可知，周末一起吃晚饭这是一项新传统。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们邀请了附近的其他家庭加入我们，我们的聚会充满了笑声和美味的食物。A. destinations目的地；B. gatherings聚会；C. journeys旅程；D. memories记忆。根据上文“having weekend dinner together”和“We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our”可知，我们一起聚在一起吃晚饭，由此可知，此处指聚会。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到我们的社区在灾难之后团结起来是一件很美好的事情。A. family家人；B. survivors 幸存者；C. community社区；D. supporters支持者。根据上文“We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us”可知，我们邀请了附近的其他家庭加入我们，这都是一个社区的，由此可知，社区因为灾难团结在一起，开始一起聚会。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：飓风来之前，我一点也不认识他们的女儿罗西卡。A. soon很快；B. never从不；一点也不；C. already已经；D. also也。根据后文“knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane”可知，飓风发生之前作者一点也不认识邻居的女儿。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：她有讲故事的天赋，我们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。A. fortune telling算命；B. story telling讲故事；C. mind reading读心术；D. house keeping内务工作。根据后文“and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter”和选项可知，我们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声，这说明是在听故事，即Rosica讲的故事让我们的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到飓风带来了意想不到的好处。A. brought about引起；B. resulted from起因于；C. made up组成；D. gave out泄露。根据后文“unexpected benefit”和上文提到的因为飓风作者和邻居以及社区的人们聚到了一起可知，此处指飓风带来了意想不到的好处。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它拉近了我们与邻居的距离，并以我们从未想象过的方式丰富了我们的生活。A. rescued救援；B. unearthed出土；C. enriched使丰富；D. recorded记录。此处呼应前文“our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter”，由此可知，飓风拉近了与邻居的距离，丰富了生活。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。A. legend传奇；B. effort努力；C. party派对；D. disaster灾难。上文提到，飓风之后社区团结在一起，所以说一场灾难能激发出人们最好的一面。故选D。
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题, 每小题2.5分, 共37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When considering places to visit in China, thoughts invariably drift to the same old sites, like the Great Wall, the Terracotta Army and the Bund. Look a little farther, however, and you can find some truly fascinating scenery and settings you’ve probably never heard of.
Houtouwan — A village like no other
Located on Shengshan Island, Houtouwan was once home to a fishing community. In the 1990s, however, much of the population left as the fishing routes dried up and opportunities arose on the mainland. Left completely to Mother Nature’s designs, Houtouwan has been transformed into a truly fascinating ghost village over the years, like the set of a horror movie!
Houtouwan is not an easy place to get to. From Shanghai, you will need to transfer between land and water vehicles several times to finally reach there.
Crescent Lake — An oasis in the desert
Out west, there’s a whole different world to be explored — Crescent Lake. It is part of a literal oasis in the desert that surrounds Dunhuang in Gansu. The crescent-shaped body of water has been preserved so visitors can enjoy one of nature’s true rarities.
Crescent Lake is located just a 15-minute taxi ride from Dunhuang.
Old Dragon’s Head — The Great Wall you’ve never seen before
One of the most unusual places to explore the Great Wall is Old Dragon’s Head, where the wall meets the sea in Qinhuangdao. The waves crashing against the stones stirs up a certain poetry. After checking out the wall, you can relax yourself on the beach.
Old Dragon’s Head is part of the Shanhai Pass section of the wall It can be reached by taxi from Qinhuangdao train station.
Panjin Red Beach — The world’s most beautiful marshlands
Red Beach, located in Panjin, Liaoning province, forms part of what is the biggest wetland in the world. The weeds of the beautiful marshland area are flaming red. Stilted walkways have been installed so visitors can explore without harming the otherworldly weeds.
From Panjin train station, bargain with the local taxi drivers to take you directly to Red Beach.
31. Why did the villagers leave Houtouwan
A. To look for another fishing route. B. To preserve its natural beauty.
C. To seek a better life on the mainland. D. To make room for a film base.
32. In which place are special walkways built for visitors
A. Houtouwan. B. Old Dragon’s Head.
C. Crescent Lake. D. Panjin Red Beach.
33. What do these places have in common according to the writer
A. They’re all wonders of nature. B. They’re all not-so-famous.
C. They’re all inconveniently located. D. They’re all well-preserved.
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国四个鲜为人知的旅游景点。
31题详解】
细节理解题。根据Houtouwan中“In the 1990s, however, much of the population left as the fishing routes dried up and opportunities arose on the mainland. (然而，在20世纪90年代，随着捕鱼路线的枯竭，大陆上出现了机会，很多人离开了。)”可知，村民们离开Houtouwan是为了在大陆寻求更好的生活。故选C。
32题详解】
细节理解题。根据Panjin Red Beach中“Stilted walkways have been installed so visitors can explore without harming the otherworldly weeds.(架空的人行道已经安装好，游客可以在不伤害其他杂草的情况下进行探索。)”可知，Panjin Red Beach为游客建造了特殊的人行通道。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段最后一句“Look a little farther, however, and you can find some truly fascinating scenery and settings you’ve probably never heard of.( 然而，再看看更远的地方，你会发现一些你可能从未听说过的真正迷人的风景和场景。)”可知，这是四个旅游景点都不是很著名的旅游的景点。故选B。
B
In the sport of track and field, athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves, and in each race they try to achieve the new personal best.
For one Nebraska teen running in what would likely to be his final cross-country outing before graduating from high school, his personal best turned out not to be marking the fastest time but displaying the biggest heart.
Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day.
Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard.
With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again... About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out.
Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time.
In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt.
34. What does the underlined phrase “a long shot” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Simple to compete. B. Unlikely to succeed.
C. Exciting to be qualified. D. Surprising to break records.
35. Why did Brandon Schutt slow down after a mile
A. To have a final push. B. To help Blake Cerveny.
C. To examine his wounds. D. To enjoy the competition.
36. What can we learn about Blake Cerveny in the race
A. He didn’t cross the finish line. B. He was generous to help others.
C. He was a person of determination. D. He was affected by his physical disability.
37. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The love for sports. B. The sport of track and field.
C. The importance of perseverance. D. The value of true sportsmanship.
【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了在高中毕业前的一场内布拉斯加州青少年越野跑中，Brandon Schutt的个人成绩虽然不是最好的，但帮助原本很有实力的但此时倒在地上的竞争对手Blake Cerveny冲向终点的行为展示了真正的体育精神。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day. (虽然当他上周四从起点位置出来时，it was a long shot，但来自贝尔维尤东部高中的Brandon Schutt知道，如果他那天的时间足够好，他仍然有潜力获得即将到来的州运动会的资格。然而，在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后，舒特意识到他无法保持必要的势头。他没有冒着受伤的风险，而是放慢到舒适的步伐，让他能够简单地享受当下和每一天的快乐。)”可知，Brandon Schutt本来认为如果他在这个越野赛的成绩足够好，他依旧可能拿到参加州运动会的资格，但是跑了一英里以后，他的速度跟不上了，他觉得拿到参加州运动会的资格的这个目标完不成了，他索性放慢了节奏，享受当下。故it was a long shot，意为“拿到参加州运动会的资格这事不太可能成功”，a long shot，意为“不可能成功（Unlikely to succeed）”，故选B项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day. (然而，在3.1英里的比赛开始一英里后，Schutt意识到他无法保持必要的势头了。他没有冒着受伤的风险，而是放慢到舒适的步伐，让他能够简单地享受当下和每一天的快乐)”可知，Brandon Schutt在比赛中跑了一英里后，知道自己实力不够，于是放缓步伐，单纯地享受比赛的快乐。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard. (与此同时，来自奥马哈伯克高中的Blake Cerveny正在参加一种完全不同的比赛。为了打破自己的个人记录，在快速起步后，他继续努力。)”，以及第五段“With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again …About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out. (离比赛结束还有不到400米的时候，Cerveny的腿抽筋了，但他没有放弃。 Cerveny从地上爬起来，继续前进，但又在150米处倒下，在距离终点线大约100米处，他蜷缩在地上。 他的腿完全不能动了。 )”可知，为了打破自己的纪录，Blake Cerveny使出浑身解数，就算是腿部抽筋，还在往终点线爬，可以推知Blake Cerveny是一个顽强的人。故选C项。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time. (还没等Cerveny的父亲走到儿子身边，Brandon Schutt就站在他身边伸出了援助之手。两人完成了比赛的最后几米。舒特甚至确保受伤的跑者第一个冲过终点线，确保他的对手跑得更快。)”，以及最后一段“In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt. (在当今竞争激烈的世界，尽管田径运动的重点往往是打破纪录，但看到Brandon Schut这样的运动员是令人鼓舞的。)”可知，在比赛中能打破纪录固然令人激动，Cerveny是有实力，但却在最后出了状况，实力不如Cerveny的Brandon Schut帮助处于劣势的Cerveny，还让Cerveny比自己先过终点，这才是真正的鼓舞人心的体育精神。作者通过这个故事宣扬了真正体育精神的价值。故选D项。
C
What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度). In Portland, Oregon, temperature reached 46.6℃(116°F) — making it one of several cities in the region where former records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9°F). At the same time, heatwaves are also hitting central Europe and even Siberia.
Heatwaves may become headlines, but less attention is paid to them. In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings. It is a silent killer. As many as 70,000 people died due to a heatwave in Europe in 2003.
Heat also kills by worsening health conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed (归因) to it. Climate change will make heatwaves more common and more extreme. Even if greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) are cut to zero by the middle of this century, temperatures will go on rising for decades. So other measures are needed to protect people against extreme heat.
Governments can set up early warning systems to alarm health workers, shut down schools and stop outdoor activities. They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do. Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.
The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.
38. What shocks us most about the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest
A. It has stricken a usually mild area.
B. It hits central Europe except Siberia.
C. Many temperature records are being broken.
D. Many records are being broken by large margins.
39. What can we learn from the report in the Lancer
A. People have paid much attention to heatwaves.
B. Heat doesn’t cause widespread damage to belongings.
C. The damage of heat is as obvious as storms and floods.
D. About 300,000 middle-aged people died from extreme heat.
40. What can governments do to protect people against heatwaves
A. Provide some cool places. B. Build nursing homes.
C. Organize outdoor activities. D. Shelter the homeless.
41. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Improving Public Facilities B. Taking Heatwaves Seriously
C. Preventing Natural Disasters D. Reducing Greenhouse-gas Emission
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. A 41. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响，并就如何应对极端高温天气提出建议。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。由文第一段第一、二句“What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度).”（热浪侵袭太平洋西北部造成的最严重的影响不仅在于它对一贯被划定为温带的地区造成了冲击，也不仅在于它正在打破许多长期以来的高温记录。而在于它正在以非常大的差距打破这些记录。）可知，最令人震惊的是许多温度记录正在被大幅度打破，故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。由文第二段第三句“In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings.”（根据医学杂志《柳叶刀》的一份报告，2018年，约有30万65岁以上的人死于极端高温，主要在印度，自2000年以来增加了54%。报告还显示，与风暴和洪水不同，高温不会导致巨大的前后对比，也不会对财物造成大范围的破坏。）可知，高温不会对物品造成大面积损坏，故选B项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。由文第四段后部分“Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.”（改善设施也会有所帮助。这包括提供阴凉区、水上公园和“喷雾站”，帮助人们降温，并在必要时前往有空调的“冷却中心”，在那里他们可以找到住所并睡觉。）可知，政府可以为人们提供降温设施和场地，故选A项。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合末段末句“The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.”（毫无疑问，世界现在正面临着巨大的健康挑战。没有理由忽视热浪及其影响。）可知，本文介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响并呼吁人们重视热浪问题，所以“重视热浪”是文章最佳标题，故选B项。
D
Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.
“Any time you go to a doctor with concerns about your weight, almost without fail, the doctor recommends that you exercise and eat less,” said researcher Marcell Cadney. “That’s why it’s surprising that most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,” he said.
The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed Western-style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy food.
To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups — those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet. Mice started their diets immediately after weaning (断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones (激素).
One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight by increasing energy consumption and signaling that less food is required. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate. Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome (微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to study whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.
42. What is special about the new UCR research
A. It finds the relation between health and diet.
B. It is the first to study the effect of exercise.
C. It takes both exercise and diet into account.
D. It gives equal importance to physical and mental health.
43. What may early-life exercise contribute to
A. Stronger bones. B. A peaceful mind.
C. A desire for healthy food. D. The various microbiome for life.
44. What does the underlined word “leptin” in the last but one paragraph refer to
A. A diet. B. A mouse. C. A behavior. D. A hormone.
45. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Early-life health habits matter.
B. It’s never too late to make a change.
C. A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.
D. Dietary habits make a difference to children’s behavior
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，就生命早期的饮食和锻炼长期综合影响进行了研究。研究发现早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量，而高脂肪和高糖的西式饮食不仅能使人变胖，而且在长大成人后更喜欢不健康的食物。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life. (虽然饮食和运动被推荐为改善健康的方法，但加州大学河滨分校的新研究首次在小鼠中研究了这两种因素在生命早期的长期综合影响。)”可知，综合研究饮食和锻炼对人的影响是新的UCR研究的独特之处。故选C项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass.(研究人员发现，早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量)”可知，早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量。由此可知，早期生活锻炼可减少焦虑，让大脑更平静。故选B项。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones.( 在另外八周的“洗漱”后，所有小鼠都被安置在没有轮子的环境中，并以健康的饮食为基础，研究人员进行了行为分析，并测量了几种不同激素的水平)”以及划线单词前的“One of those they measured(他们测量的这些)”可知，those指代第四段最后提到的“hormones(激素)”，而leptin指的是这些激素之一。故选D项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome(微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. (此前，该研究团队发现，儿童时期摄入过多脂肪和糖可以改变一生的微生物群，即使他们以后吃得更健康)”可知，早期的饮食习惯会带来一生的影响；再根据最后一段“This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.(这项研究为儿童习惯的健康干预提供了很大的机会。马塞尔说：“我们的发现可能有助于了解与超重相关的活动减少和饮食变化的潜在影响。”)”可知，饮食的变化和锻炼的减少都可能与超重息息相关。综合两段，早期健康习惯很重要。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chinese people may not be that familiar with sports tourism, but it is one of the fastest growing parts of tourism, because an increasing number of people are expressing their curiosity in sports events during their trips even if sports are not the key reason for their travel. _____46_____
Sports tourism refers to tourism involving participation in or watching sports events and staying in an environment different from the usual tourist hotels or resorts. _____47_____ At that time, people traveled to Olympia to watch or participate in Olympic races. Modern sports tourism, on the other hand, surfaced in the 1990s.
_____48_____ There is also a lack of research to study its true potential. However, given that Chinese authorities attach great importance to people’s health, sports tourism, in many ways, can meet people’s demand for both leisure and physical activity.
Also, sports tourism will eventually promote the consumption (消费) upgrading, which will in turn lead to deeper cooperation between the tourism and cultural departments. _____49_____ It can not only meet tourists’ demand for outdoor activities, but also deepen their understanding of the heroic deeds of the people who sacrificed their lives for the nation.
Sports tourism is a booming industry today, with an annual growth rate of about 15 percent globally. _____50_____ The rapid growth of sports tourism will help meet people’s leisure needs and boost the high-quality development in China.
A. People are paying more attention to safety in travel.
B. The origin of sports tourism can be traced back to Ancient Greece.
C. However, sports tourism has long drawn people’s attention in China.
D. In China, however, the growth rate is 30 - 40 percent despite a slow start.
E. Marathons, hiking, cycling and camping fall in the area of sports tourism.
F. Since it just appeared not long ago, it hasn’t drawn enough attention in China.
G. For example, hiking in “red tourist destinations” has become a part of sports tourism.
【答案】46. E 47. B 48. F 49. G 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。体育旅游是旅游业增长最快的部分之一，受到很多人欢迎。文章主要介绍了体育旅游的兴起和重要意义。
【46题详解】
上文“Chinese people may not be that familiar with sports tourism but it is one of the fastest growing sectors of tourism, because an increasing number of people are showing interest in sports activities during tours even if sports is not the main objective of their travel. (中国人可能不太熟悉体育旅游，但它是旅游业增长最快的领域之一，因为越来越多的人在旅游期间对体育活动表现出兴趣，即使体育不是他们旅游的主要目的。)”指出体育旅游增长速度快，很多游客对其感兴趣。空处承接上文，应继续对体育旅游进行介绍，E项“马拉松、骑自行车、徒步旅行和露营都属于体育旅游的一部分”对体育旅游进行举例，承接上文。故选E。
【47题详解】
下文“At that time, people traveled to Olympia to watch or take part in Olympic competitions. (当时，人们前往奥林匹亚观看或参加奥运会比赛。) ”指出过去人们前往奥林匹亚观看或参加奥运会比赛，这是在介绍体育旅游的起源，因此B项“体育旅游的源头可追溯到希腊”符合语境。故选B。
【48题详解】
上文“Modern sports tourism, on the other hand, started in the 1990s. (从另一方面说，现代体育旅游始于20世纪90年代。) ”指出体育旅游始于20世纪90年代，这说明它刚刚出现不久，下文“There is also a lack of research to study its true potential. (目前还缺乏对体育旅游真正潜力的研究。) ”指出目前缺乏对体育旅游真正潜力的研究，这说明体育旅游还没有引起足够的关注，F项“由于它刚刚出现不久，在中国还没有引起足够的关注。”承上启下，选项中的it指代前文提到的“Modern sports tourism(现代体育旅游)”。故选F。
【49题详解】
上文“Also, sports tourism will eventually promote the consumption (消费) upgrading, which will in turn lead to deeper cooperation between the tourism and cultural departments.(体育旅游最终将促进消费升级，进而导致旅游与文化部门之间的合作更加深入。)”指出体育旅游与文化部门之间的合作将更加深入，空处承接上文，G项“例如，在“红色旅游目的地”徒步旅行已经成为体育旅游的一部分。”举例说明体育旅游与文化部门之间更加深入的合作。故选G。
【50题详解】
上文“Sports tourism is a booming industry today, with an annual growth rate of about 15 percent globally. (如今，体育旅游是一个蓬勃发展的行业，全球年增长率约为15%)”说明旅游业的发展速度问题，空处承接上文，也应是讲述旅游业的发展，D项“然而，在中国，尽管起步缓慢，但增长率仍为30 -- 40%”符合语境。故选D。
第II卷 非选择题部分 (共三节, 满分40分)
第一节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games _____51_____(take) place at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang province on Saturday evening.
The ceremony _____52_____(theme) “Memories of Jiangnan” used the element of water_____53_____ (showcase) the region’s natural beauty and cultural charm, ____54____ was a feast for the senses with stunning visuals.
During the parade, images of West Lake were projected (投射) onto the floor screen, allowing spectators and _____55_____(athlete) to enjoy the city’s picturesque scenery in an immersive way. The entrance of the Chinese team was accompanied by _____56_____ breathtaking visual representation of the motherland’s mountains and rivers. Also, netizens _____57_____(fascinate) by the display of oriental (东方的) aesthetics (美学), _____58_____(strong) of technology and warmth of art.
The opening ceremony _____59_____(definite) boasted many historic firsts. Not only did it break new ground in terms of technology using digital ignition (点火) for the first time, but it also drew inspiration ______60______ traditional culture, combining Hangzhou charm and Chinese elements.
【答案】51. took
52. themed 53. to showcase
54. which 55. athletes
56. a 57. were fascinated
58. strength
59. definitely
60. from
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在杭州举行的第19届亚运会开幕式的特色和灵感来源。
【51题详解】
考查时态。句意：周六晚上，第19届亚运会开幕式在中国东部浙江省杭州市的杭州奥林匹克体育中心体育场举行。根据句意以及时间状语Saturday evening可知，空处描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填took。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：以“忆江南”为主题的仪式用水为元素来展示江南的自然美景和文化魅力，这是一场视觉盛宴。该句的谓语是used，空处应用非谓语动词，动词theme与名词ceremony之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填themed。
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：以“忆江南”为主题的仪式用水为元素来展示江南的自然美景和文化魅力，这是一场视觉盛宴。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to showcase。
【54题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：以“忆江南”为主题的仪式用水为元素来展示江南的自然美景和文化魅力，这是一场视觉盛宴。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话，指代事物，用关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。
【55题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：在游行期间，西湖的图像被投影到地板屏幕上，让观众和运动员以身临其境的方式享受城市如画的风景。根据上文spectators可知athlete应用复数形式表示泛指。故填athletes。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：伴随中国队入场的是祖国山川美景的壮观画面。此处representation为泛指，用不定冠词修饰，且breathtaking是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【57题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：此外，网友们也被影片所展现的东方美学、科技的力量和艺术的温暖所吸引。动词fascinate与主语netizens之间是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were fascinated。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，网友们也被影片所展现的东方美学、科技的力量和艺术的温暖所吸引。作介词的宾语，应用名词strength，不可数。故填strength。
【59题详解】
考查副词。句意：开幕式无疑以许多历史性的首次举办为特色。修饰动词boasted应用副词definitely。故填definitely。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：它不仅在技术上首次使用数字点火技术，而且还从传统文化中汲取灵感，结合了杭州的魅力和中国元素。表示“从……中汲取灵感”可知短语为draw inspiration from。故填from。
第二节 单词填空 (共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分)
根据已给出的首字母或中文，在空格中填入一个来自Welcome Unit---Unit 4的单词。
注意: 在答题卡的划线处应写上完整单词 (即包括首字母在内) 方可得分!
61. The invention would have wide __________ (应用) in industry.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】application
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项发明将在工业上有广泛的应用。“应用”为名词application作宾语，不可数，故填application。
62. Deeply moved by her performance, the whole audience gasped with______________（赞赏、钦佩之情）. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】admiration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：被她的表演深深的打动了，整个观众都赞叹不已。根据空格前介词with可知，空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语；再结合所给汉语提示“赞赏、钦佩之情”，可知应用admiration。故填admiration。
63. The man __________(假装) to be a local, but his accent gave him away. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】pretended
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：那人假装是本地人，但他的口音暴露了他的身份。此处在句中作谓语，“假装”为动词pretend，由gave可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填pretended。
64. The college is not an __________(官方地) recognized English language school.
【答案】officially
【解析】
【详解】考查副名词。句意：这所学院不是官方认可的英语语言学校。officially“官方地”。故填：officially。
65. They paid for his flights and hotel __________(膳宿). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】accommodations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们支付了他的机票和酒店住宿费用。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填名词accommodation，与上文flights是并列成分，应用复数形式，作宾语。故填accommodations。
66. It is reported that a 3% e__________ growth is the government’s aim. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】economic##conomic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：据报道，3%的经济增长是政府的目标。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填形容词economic，作定语修饰名词growth。故填economic。
67. C__________ to big companies, the smaller ones are faced with more challenges. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】Compared##ompared
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：与大公司相比，小公司面临着更多的挑战。根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“比较”为动词compare，“将……与……相比”为短语compare...to...，句子中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语the smaller ones和动词compare是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Compared。
68. As a teacher, it is my r__________ to encourage my students to work hard to achieve their dreams. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】responsibility##esponsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名教师，我有责任鼓励我的学生努力工作，实现他们的梦想。根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“责任”，为名词responsibility，作表语，此处特指鼓励我的学生努力工作，实现他们的梦想的这一责任，为单数意义，故填responsibility。
69. Addicted to computer games, Tom can’t c____________ on his studies, leading to the decline of academic performance. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】concentrate##oncentrate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：汤姆沉迷于电脑游戏，无法集中精力学习，导致学习成绩下降。根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“集中精力于”为短语concentrate on，由情态动词can’t可知，动词concentrate应用原形，故填concentrate。
70. When he returned to his hometown after the war, he found it had changed beyond all r______. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】recognition
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当他战后回到家乡时，他发现它已经变得认不出来了。根据首字母提示及句意，此处使用名词recognition，做介词beyond的宾语。故填recognition。
第三节 书面表达 (满分15分)
71. 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师 Smith 女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛信息给她写一封信。
1. 主题：人与自然；2. 参赛选手：10 名学生；
3. 地点：205 教室；4. 时间：11月 17 日下午 2:00—5:00。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Ms. Smith,
I am Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union of Yucai Middle School. I’m writing on behalf of our school to extend an invitation to you to be the judge of the approaching English speech contest.
With the theme of Human and Nature, the contest will be held on November 17th in Classroom 205 of our school located near your university. As scheduled, it will last 3 hours, starting at 2:00 p.m. Ten students will participate in the contest, all of whom will have made adequate preparations. Knowing that you are so professional/experienced/knowledgeable in this field, we are more than eager to invite you and hope you will give us precious remarks and constructive advice. Your presence will certainly add to our pleasure. We would feel much honored if you could accept our invitation.
Would you please reach me through my phone number 44876655 at your convenience to let me know if you can come Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师 Smith 女士来做评委。请参照要点给她写一封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提供，给予：extend→offer
按计划进行：As scheduled→As planned
参加：participate in→take part in
宝贵的：precious→valuable
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With the theme of Human and Nature, the contest will be held on November 17th in Classroom 205 of our school located near your university.
拓展句：The contest whose theme is Human and Nature will be held on November 17th in Classroom 205 of our school located near your university.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Ten students will participate in the contest, all of whom will have made adequate preparations.(运用了all of+关系代词whom引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Knowing that you are so professional/experienced/knowledgeable in this field, we are more than eager to invite you and hope you will give us precious remarks and constructive advice. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
听力：1-5 BCBAC 6-10 BCCAC 11-15 BBCAB2023级高一第一学期期中考试英语科试卷
（本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分；满分150分；考试时间120分钟）
第I卷 选择题部分(满分110分)
第一部分 听力理解 (共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
每段播放两遍。各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅读时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话，回答第1 ~2题。
1. What’s the woman’s favorite sport to watch
A. Baseball. B. Basketball. C. Football.
2. What can we know about the man
A. He likes watching and playing sports.
B. He takes sports nearly every day.
C. He doesn’t like playing sports.
听第二段对话，回答第3~5题。
3. What does the woman think of the man’s first idea
A. Interesting. B. Useful. C. Hard
4. What does the man do when learning the word “film”
A. He connects it with a similar word.
B. He marks films in English.
C. He goes to the movies.
5. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
听第三段对话，回答第6~8题。
6. What is the woman doing
A. Reporting the man. B. Asking the man for advice. C. Writing an article for the man.
7. What does the man say about growing older
A. It makes life simple.
B. It makes people enjoy the past.
C. It helps people understand the world better.
8. How does the woman feel about growing older
A. It’s great. B. It’s natural. C. It’s hard to accept.
听第四段对话，回答第9~11题。
9. What is a visitor’s first impression of Liverpool
A. Its buildings. B. Its museums. C. Its art galleries.
10. In what way is Liverpool number one in Britain
A Tradition. B. History. C. Music.
11. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Various sports. B. A famous city. C. British festivals.
听第五段独白，回答第12 ~15题。
12. What did the speaker do before the year 2012
A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner.
13. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker
A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth place.
14. Which is the hardest for the speaker
A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing Botswana.
15. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. His plan to go for the gold.
B. His experience on the track.
C. His love for his home country.
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 单项选择题 (共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. He was not ______ with his grade in the exam and thought he could have done better.
A. positive B. confident C. curious D. content
2. Parents can make ________ big difference in dealing with _______ stress of their children.
A. a; the B. a; a
C. the; the D. the; a
3. We requested they ________about the plan with us________detail the next day.
A. talked, in B. talking, for C. talk, in D. talked, for
4. You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t ______ as you expect.
A. work out B. check out C. make up D. come across
5. The invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.
A. made possible B. made it possible C. made possibly D. made it possibly
6. These kinds of flowers are beautiful, but I find them very difficult _______ indeed.
A. to be planted B. to plant C. planting D. planted
7. We were just about to leave _______ a ________ sound broke out.
A. when; frightening B. while; frightened C. before; frightening D. as; frightened
8. —Could we have a word before you leave
—Sure, wait a moment. I ______ my work, but it won’t take long.
A would just finish B. have just finished
C. just finished D. am just finishing
9. —Just now Jerry helped to work out a difficult problem for Ms. Smith.
—He ________ others.
A. was always helping B. is always helping
C. always helped D. had always helped
10. He got up late in the morning. That’s ________ he didn’t attend the meeting.
A. because B. which C. why D. for which
11. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
12. Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone _______ functions are more practical .
A. which B. whose C. where D. what
13. Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A. whose B. where C. when D. why
14. My voice was so little and the shop owner had to bend down to hear_______ I wanted to buy.
A. what it was B. it was what
C. what it was that D. what was that
15. It is in the very village ________Mary was born 35 years ago ________she will build her first school.
A. that；where B. that；that
C. where；that D. where；where
第二节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其段落大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I used to think my life was perfect. My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to look after. But one Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane ___16___ our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was ____17____, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.
But something ____18____ happened. Our neighbors, the Flores family, came to our ____19____. They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay. Their ____20____ was most impressive. We had never ____21____ spoken to them before, but they ____22____ their home to us and made us feel like family.
We started a new ____23____ of having weekend dinner together. We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our ____24____ were filled with laughter and delicious food. It was a beautiful thing to see our ____25____ come together in the wake of a disaster.
I ____26____ knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane. But she quickly became my friend. She had a gift for ____27____ and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter.
Looking back, I realize that the hurricane ____28____ unexpected benefit. It brought us closer to our neighbors and ____29____ our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes, it takes a(n) ____30____ to bring out the best in people.
16. A. visited B. exchanged C. approached D. swept
17. A. affected B. changed C. destroyed D. cleaned
18. A. invisible B. unexpected C. impossible D. awkward
19. A. mind B. contact C. aid D. sense
20. A. belief B. request C. wealth D. kindness
21. A. really B. obviously C. naturally D. clearly
22. A. sold B. rented C. showed D. opened
23. A. business B. project C. tradition D. life
24. A. destinations B. gatherings C. journeys D. memories
25. A. family B. survivors C. community D. supporters
26. A. soon B. never C. already D. also
27. A. fortune telling B. story telling C. mind reading D. house keeping
28. A. brought about B. resulted from C. made up D. gave out
29. A. rescued B. unearthed C. enriched D. recorded
30. A. legend B. effort C. party D. disaster
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题, 每小题2.5分, 共37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When considering places to visit in China, thoughts invariably drift to the same old sites, like the Great Wall, the Terracotta Army and the Bund. Look a little farther, however, and you can find some truly fascinating scenery and settings you’ve probably never heard of.
Houtouwan — A village like no other
Located on Shengshan Island, Houtouwan was once home to a fishing community. In the 1990s, however, much of the population left as the fishing routes dried up and opportunities arose on the mainland. Left completely to Mother Nature’s designs, Houtouwan has been transformed into a truly fascinating ghost village over the years, like the set of a horror movie!
Houtouwan is not an easy place to get to. From Shanghai, you will need to transfer between land and water vehicles several times to finally reach there.
Crescent Lake — An oasis in the desert
Out west, there’s a whole different world to be explored — Crescent Lake. It is part of a literal oasis in the desert that surrounds Dunhuang in Gansu. The crescent-shaped body of water has been preserved so visitors can enjoy one of nature’s true rarities.
Crescent Lake is located just a 15-minute taxi ride from Dunhuang.
Old Dragon’s Head — The Great Wall you’ve never seen before
One of the most unusual places to explore the Great Wall is Old Dragon’s Head, where the wall meets the sea in Qinhuangdao. The waves crashing against the stones stirs up a certain poetry. After checking out the wall, you can relax yourself on the beach.
Old Dragon’s Head is part of the Shanhai Pass section of the wall. It can be reached by taxi from Qinhuangdao train station.
Panjin Red Beach — The world’s most beautiful marshlands
Red Beach, located in Panjin, Liaoning province, forms part of what is the biggest wetland in the world. The weeds of the beautiful marshland area are flaming red. Stilted walkways have been installed so visitors can explore without harming the otherworldly weeds.
From Panjin train station, bargain with the local taxi drivers to take you directly to Red Beach.
31. Why did the villagers leave Houtouwan
A. To look for another fishing route. B. To preserve its natural beauty.
C. To seek a better life on the mainland. D. To make room for a film base.
32. In which place are special walkways built for visitors
A. Houtouwan. B. Old Dragon’s Head.
C. Crescent Lake. D. Panjin Red Beach.
33. What do these places have in common according to the writer
A. They’re all wonders of nature. B. They’re all not-so-famous.
C. They’re all inconveniently located. D. They’re all well-preserved.
B
In the sport of track and field, athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves, and in each race they try to achieve the new personal best.
For one Nebraska teen running in what would likely to be his final cross-country outing before graduating from high school, his personal best turned out not to be marking the fastest time but displaying the biggest heart.
Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day.
Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard.
With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again... About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out.
Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time.
In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt.
34. What does the underlined phrase “a long shot” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Simple to compete. B. Unlikely to succeed.
C. Exciting to be qualified. D. Surprising to break records.
35. Why did Brandon Schutt slow down after a mile
A. To have a final push. B. To help Blake Cerveny.
C. To examine his wounds. D. To enjoy the competition.
36. What can we learn about Blake Cerveny in the race
A. He didn’t cross the finish line. B. He was generous to help others.
C. He was a person of determination. D. He was affected by his physical disability.
37. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The love for sports. B. The sport of track and field.
C. The importance of perseverance. D. The value of true sportsmanship.
C
What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度). In Portland, Oregon, temperature reached 46.6℃(116°F) — making it one of several cities in the region where former records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9°F). At the same time, heatwaves are also hitting central Europe and even Siberia.
Heatwaves may become headlines, but less attention is paid to them. In 2018 about 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal. The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings. It is a silent killer. As many as 70,000 people died due to a heatwave in Europe in 2003.
Heat also kills by worsening health conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed (归因) to it. Climate change will make heatwaves more common and more extreme. Even if greenhouse-gas emissions (排放) are cut to zero by the middle of this century, temperatures will go on rising for decades. So other measures are needed to protect people against extreme heat.
Governments can set up early warning systems to alarm health workers, shut down schools and stop outdoor activities. They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do. Improved facilities can also help. This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to airconditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.
The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now. There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.
38. What shocks us most about the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest
A. It has stricken a usually mild area.
B. It hits central Europe except Siberia.
C. Many temperature records are being broken.
D. Many records are being broken by large margins.
39. What can we learn from the report in the Lancer
A. People have paid much attention to heatwaves.
B. Heat doesn’t cause widespread damage to belongings.
C The damage of heat is as obvious as storms and floods.
D. About 300,000 middle-aged people died from extreme heat.
40. What can governments do to protect people against heatwaves
A. Provide some cool places. B. Build nursing homes.
C. Organize outdoor activities. D. Shelter the homeless.
41. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Improving Public Facilities B. Taking Heatwaves Seriously
C. Preventing Natural Disasters D. Reducing Greenhouse-gas Emission
D
Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.
“Any time you go to a doctor with concerns about your weight, almost without fail, the doctor recommends that you exercise and eat less,” said researcher Marcell Cadney. “That’s why it’s surprising that most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,” he said.
The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed Western-style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy food.
To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups — those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet. Mice started their diets immediately after weaning (断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones (激素).
One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight by increasing energy consumption and signaling that less food is required. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate. Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome (微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to study whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.
42. What is special about the new UCR research
A. It finds the relation between health and diet.
B. It is the first to study the effect of exercise.
C. It takes both exercise and diet into account.
D It gives equal importance to physical and mental health.
43. What may early-life exercise contribute to
A. Stronger bones. B. A peaceful mind.
C. A desire for healthy food. D. The various microbiome for life.
44. What does the underlined word “leptin” in the last but one paragraph refer to
A. A diet. B. A mouse. C. A behavior. D. A hormone.
45. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Early-life health habits matter.
B. It’s never too late to make a change.
C. A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.
D. Dietary habits make a difference to children’s behavior
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chinese people may not be that familiar with sports tourism, but it is one of the fastest growing parts of tourism, because an increasing number of people are expressing their curiosity in sports events during their trips even if sports are not the key reason for their travel. _____46_____
Sports tourism refers to tourism involving participation in or watching sports events and staying in an environment different from the usual tourist hotels or resorts. _____47_____ At that time, people traveled to Olympia to watch or participate in Olympic races. Modern sports tourism, on the other hand, surfaced in the 1990s.
_____48_____ There is also a lack of research to study its true potential. However, given that Chinese authorities attach great importance to people’s health, sports tourism, in many ways, can meet people’s demand for both leisure and physical activity.
Also, sports tourism will eventually promote the consumption (消费) upgrading, which will in turn lead to deeper cooperation between the tourism and cultural departments. _____49_____ It can not only meet tourists’ demand for outdoor activities, but also deepen their understanding of the heroic deeds of the people who sacrificed their lives for the nation.
Sports tourism is a booming industry today, with an annual growth rate of about 15 percent globally. _____50_____ The rapid growth of sports tourism will help meet people’s leisure needs and boost the high-quality development in China.
A. People are paying more attention to safety in travel.
B. The origin of sports tourism can be traced back to Ancient Greece.
C. However, sports tourism has long drawn people’s attention in China.
D. In China, however, the growth rate is 30 - 40 percent despite a slow start.
E. Marathons, hiking, cycling and camping fall in the area of sports tourism.
F. Since it just appeared not long ago, it hasn’t drawn enough attention in China.
G. For example, hiking in “red tourist destinations” has become a part of sports tourism.
第II卷 非选择题部分 (共三节, 满分40分)
第一节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games _____51_____(take) place at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang province on Saturday evening.
The ceremony _____52_____(theme) “Memories of Jiangnan” used the element of water_____53_____ (showcase) the region’s natural beauty and cultural charm, ____54____ was a feast for the senses with stunning visuals.
During the parade, images of West Lake were projected (投射) onto the floor screen, allowing spectators and _____55_____(athlete) to enjoy the city’s picturesque scenery in an immersive way. The entrance of the Chinese team was accompanied by _____56_____ breathtaking visual representation of the motherland’s mountains and rivers. Also, netizens _____57_____(fascinate) by the display of oriental (东方的) aesthetics (美学), _____58_____(strong) of technology and warmth of art.
The opening ceremony _____59_____(definite) boasted many historic firsts. Not only did it break new ground in terms of technology using digital ignition (点火) for the first time, but it also drew inspiration ______60______ traditional culture, combining Hangzhou charm and Chinese elements.
第二节 单词填空 (共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分)
根据已给出的首字母或中文，在空格中填入一个来自Welcome Unit---Unit 4的单词。
注意: 在答题卡的划线处应写上完整单词 (即包括首字母在内) 方可得分!
61. The invention would have wide __________ (应用) in industry.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
62. Deeply moved by her performance, the whole audience gasped with______________（赞赏、钦佩之情）. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
63. The man __________(假装) to be a local, but his accent gave him away. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
64 The college is not an __________(官方地) recognized English language school.
65. They paid for his flights and hotel __________(膳宿). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
66. It is reported that a 3% e__________ growth is the government’s aim. (根据首字母单词拼写)
67. C__________ to big companies, the smaller ones are faced with more challenges. (根据首字母单词拼写)
68. As a teacher, it is my r__________ to encourage my students to work hard to achieve their dreams. (根据首字母单词拼写)
69. Addicted to computer games, Tom can’t c____________ on his studies, leading to the decline of academic performance. (根据首字母单词拼写)
70. When he returned to his hometown after the war, he found it had changed beyond all r______. （根据首字母单词拼写）
第三节 书面表达 (满分15分)
71. 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师 Smith 女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛信息给她写一封信。
1. 主题：人与自然；2. 参赛选手：10 名学生；
3. 地点：205 教室；4. 时间：11月 17 日下午 2:00—5:00。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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听力：1-5 BCBAC 6-10 BCCAC 11-15 BBCAB
