广东实验中学2023—2024学年(上)高二级期中考试
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案;不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内
的相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卷收回。
一、听力理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分 15分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题 1分，满分10分)
听下面3段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位罝。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
1. Who lives above the speakers
A. Mrs. Green. B. Mr. Black. C. Mr. Jones.
2. Where is Mr. Jones now probably
A. In another city. B. In his apartment. C. At the fire department.
3. What will the man do next
A. Phone for help. B. Break down the door. C. Stop the water from reaching his carpet.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
4. What does the woman do on the last Thursday of each month
A. Visit an art gallery. B. Have a business lunch. C. Attend a local company’s meeting.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister.
B. Bank manager and customer.
C. Business owner and employee.
6. What does the woman advise the man to do
A. Apply for a business loan.
B. Set up a networking event.
C. Have a rest away from business.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
7. Why did the man visit the library
A. To return a book. B. To start a volunteer job. C. To join a reading club.
8. Which daily task does the woman like to do the most
A. Organizing books. B. Reading to children. C. Sorting out applications.
9. What type of book does the woman probably prefer
A. Classic American novels.
B. Science fiction.
C. Historical fiction.
10. How does the man seek entertainment now
A. By reading novels. B. By surfing the Internet. C. By watching TV shows.
第二节 听取信息(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面一段独白。请根据题目要求，从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，下面的空格中。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Big cities Small towns
Transport ·Heavy traffic and expensive____11____ ·Taking public transport is cheaper than driving ·Have to____12____to make life comfortable
Entertainment ·Enjoy films, concerts and other____13____ ·Not much of it
People ·Meet____14____people ·Lack of variety
Lifestyle ·Exciting · ____15____
16. ______ extracurricular activities is beneficial to broadening your horizons and enriching your campus life, having your comprehensive qualification ______.
A. Getting involved in; strengthened B. Involving in; strengthen
C. Being involved in; strengthening D. Involved in; strengthened
17. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that
C. which D. whether
18. His handwriting is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________ it is that he is trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who D. what
19. It has been warned that to the surroundings with people infected by Covid-19 without any protection can lead to a severe result.
A. being exposed B. exposed C. having exposed D. to expose
20. It is your wife as well as you that ______ the spoiled child.
A. is to blame for B. are to blame for
C. is to be blamed for D. are to be blamed for
21. We are talking about the case _________ he was suspected _________ theft.
A. that; of B. where, of C. which; with D. what; with
22. Gone _________ the days _________ we sang and danced happily.
A. have; when B. were; which C. were; when D. are; that
23. Honestly speaking this is ______ I disagreed ______ you.
A. what; on B. where; on C. what; with D. where; with
24. There is a note ______ to the door, ______ the shop will open again.
A. pinning; saying B. pinned; said C. pinned; saying D. pinning; said
25. （2016·浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________has been proved.
A. whom B. which
C. what D. that
26. All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming______ damaging our health.
A. show; are B. shows; are
C. show; is D. shows; is
27. Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
28. Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
29. The shelter, which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs, _________ two large tunnels intended to become an extension of the London Underground someday.
A. approves of B. is comprised of C. appeals to D. subscribes to
30. I’m humbled and grateful for the recognition of the award, but the credit truly belongs to the amazing _________ of the film’s director.
A. flavour B. boundary C. proof D. vision
三、阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Make the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family. Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day out.
Painswick Rococo Garden
Find beauty and quietness at the UK's only complete surviving Rococo Garden. Discover fanciful garden flowers, woodland walks, and beautifully framed (镶框) views across the valley. Dogs on short leads are permitted and the shop offers a range of seasonal and local produce.
Book at rococogarden.org.uk.
Open: closed 1-25 March, open 26-31 March, 10 am-4 pm, last entry 2:30 pm.
Nymans Garden
Walk down Spring Walk packed with seasonal flowers and pleasant smells, and enjoy the hedge (树篱) topped with frost. Routes include those with plenty of level paths to follow around the garden. Dogs are welcome every day from 1:30 pm, with a festive treat provided.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/ nymans.
Open: daily except 24-25 March, 10 am-4 pm.
Ventnor Botanic Garden
Even in early spring, there are typically over 200 varieties of plants to be seen flowering as you explore the 27 acres. Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for wheelchairs, and then warm up with coffee milk in the cafe afterwards.
Book at botanic.co.uk.
Open: daily except 25 March, 9 am-4 pm.
Gibside Garden
Enjoy walking paths at this Georgian landscape garden, featuring plenty of wildlife. Follow the winding river and turning valley for fantastic views. up with hot chocolate and delicious biscuits in the second-hand bookshop.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/gibside.
Open: daily except 24 and 25 March, 10 am-4 pm.
31. What do Painswick Rococo Garden and Nymans Garden have in common
A. Valley views. B. Frosty flowers. C. Seasonal produce. D. Pet permission.
32. Which garden favors people with walking disability
A. Painswick Rococo Garden. B. Nymans Garden.
C. Ventnor Botanic Garden. D. Gibside Garden.
33. Where can the text be found
A. In a research paper. B. In a travel brochure.
C. In a science magazine. D. In a geography textbook.
B
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
34. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
35. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
36. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
37. What can we learn from this passage
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
C
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
38. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
39. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
40. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
41. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
D
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a big decision There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice and it is certainly possible to overthink things. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. Psychologists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the error is making a call based on the least of evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a professor at the University of Illinois, and David Dunning, a professor at the University of Michigan, has found that hasty judgments are often just one part of larger error-prone patterns in behavior and thinking. These patterns have costs. People who tend to make such jumps in their reasoning often choose a bet in which they have low chances of winning instead of one where their chances are much better.
To study jumping, researchers did an experiment to examine decision-making patterns among 600 people from the general population. They applied a thinking game, in which players encountered someone who was fishing from one of two lakes: in one lake, most of the fish were red; in the other, most were gray. The fisher would catch one fish at a time and stop only when players thought they could say which lake was being fished. Some players had to see many fish before making a decision. Others—the jumpers—stopped after only one or two. Participants were also asked questions to learn more about their thought patterns. It was found that the fewer fish a player waited to see, the more errors that individual made in other types of beliefs, reasoning and decisions.
So what is behind jumping Researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic, known as system l, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort; and controlled, or system 2, consisting of effortful reasoning that is analytic, mindful and intentional. It was found that jumpers and non-jumpers were equally influenced by automatic thoughts. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps people counterbalance mental biases introduced by system 1. A lack of system 2 thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our heart is a frequent and important one. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
42. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs
A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B. Evidence is a necessity for judgments.
C. Jumping results from a wish to win a bet.
D. Jumpers have a tendency to a mental mistake.
43. What can we learn from the experiment
A. Jumpers caught more fish than non-jumpers.
B. Non-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C. Non-jumpers tended to see more fish before naming the lake.
D. People who saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasoning.
44. According to the passage, in which situation is system 2 engaged more
A. After comparing different brands and models, David purchased a car.
B. On hearing that the Apollo moon landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C. Seeing the dirty windows of a restaurant, Mary decided its food was bad.
D. When picking a doctor, Jim merely accepted the recommendation from a friend.
45. What does the author intend to tell us
A. To reflect on our thought patterns regularly.
B. To think twice before we make our decisions.
C. To realize the consequences of faulty reasoning.
D. To adopt two pathways of thought before acting.
第二节(共5小题;每小题 2.5分, 满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____46____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____47____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___48___
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____49____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
___50___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
三、英语知识运用(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Although most flyers (传单) have gone the way of tape recordings, there’s still the ____51____ one that shows up at our door. ____52____, they go straight to the recycling bin — unless there are small children and a page with toys catches their eyes.
They are ____53____ by it. They tend to feel forced to read it over and over again. But that’s not ____54____. Now there’s a whole list of toys they can’t live without. Before they saw this page, they were ____55____. There was nothing they needed. They had ____56____ puzzles, books, and games to keep them satisfied for hours. Not to mention the outdoor ____57____. Now, they need this toy. They’ll be miserable ____58____ they have it. After calming down the kids and giving some firm nos, it’s time to ____59____ the experience.
Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are _____60_____. This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat. There are new things or experiences we _____61_____! We’ll be so miserable without them.
We are all _____62_____ affected. And that’s thought-provoking.
Recognizing our weakness and the source of the temptation (诱惑) is a big first step towards _____63_____ it. We can begin by steeling ourselves against the sources — _____64_____ social media, avoiding the mall… And even under those circumstances that can’t be avoided, we can repeat to ourselves the wisdom, “Who is the rich person The one who is _____65_____ with his life. ”
51. A. original B. occasional C. important D. inspiring
52. A. In order B. In general C. Now and then D. More or less
53. A. ignored B. puzzled C. prohibited D. attracted
54. A. within its reach B. a piece of cake C. the worst of it D. as plain as day
55. A. content B. curious C. innocent D. unsettled
56. A. all B. limited C. enough D. extra
57. A. options B. agency C. education D. areas
58. A. if B. because C. until D. though
59. A. meet with B. bring up C. work out D. reflect on
60. A. excited B. admitted C. controlled D. expressed
61. A. need B. obtain C. possess D. share
62. A. secretly B. directly C. barely D. easily
63. A. understanding B. conquering C. investigating D. building
64. A. making time for B. looking forward to C. staying away from D. taking advantage of
65. A. familiar B. satisfied C. busy D. concerned
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____66____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____67____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____68____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____69____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____70____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____71____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____72____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____73____ capital of China almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____74____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____75_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
五、课内知识考察(共三节，满分25分)
第一节 词汇填空(共 11小题;每小题1分，满分 11分)
请根据句意，用选必一U3 至选必二U1所学词汇的正确形式进行填空。(76-78题首字母提示+中文提示;79-82题英文释义;83-86题词形变化)
76. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than c______________(传统的) crops.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)
77. The w______________(广泛的) use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has led to great harm to both the land and the people’s health. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
78. An increasing number of students s______________ (赞同) to the viewpoint that studying overseas may offer greater chances for personal growth. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
79. The Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park was set up in Jilin and Heilongjiang, with boundaries ______________ (v-ing extending, spreading) all the way to the border and joining with Russia’s wildlife reserves. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
80. Nowadays, there is a growing _______________(n. trend) that many museums and historical sites, which seem less attractive for local dwellers, are mainly visited by tourists from other parts of the world. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
81. While it is easy to _______________ (vt. to notice or become aware of sth.) when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
82. The success of super hybrid rice _______________ (vi. to show) to the world that China is capable of feeding approximately 18% of the global population on its own. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
83. For those who live in cities like we do, spending time in nature can be an _______________ (incredible) rejuvenating experience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
84. Based on the _______________ (assume) that Grandma would help to clear up the mess in the dining room, Eliza rushed out of the house, heading towards the school without hesitation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
85. His casual behaviour was wholly _______________ (appropriate) for such a formal occasion. (所给词的适当形式填空)
86. Luckily, I was spared the_______________ (embarrass) of having to sing in front of everyone. (所给词适当形式填空)
第二节 词块翻译(共 16空;每空0.5分，满分8分。)
根据句意，用选必一U3 至选必二U1所学词块进行填空，注意用其正确形式完成句子。
87. 在大城市，自行车正在成为替代私家车出行的短途交通工具。
In big cites, bikes are becoming ________ private cars as a means of short-distance transport.
88. 体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, ________ ________ both men and women.
89. 和他的同学相比，他更有资格担任这个职位，因为他英语流利，并且具有团队合作精神。
_________ __________ _________ his fellow classmates, he is more qualified for the position because of his fluency in English and his spirit of teamwork.
90. 越来越多的科学家认为，气候变化是一个紧迫的全球性问题，需要立即采取行动。
An increasing number of scientists _________ _________ the view that climate change is an urgent global issue that requires immediate action.
91. 科学研究表明：当孩子三四岁的时候，他们通常能分辨是非。
Scientific research has revealed that when children are three or four years old, they can usually _________ _________ right _________ wrong.
92. 虽然很难量化，但据估计，全世界每年有数百万人因空气污染而过早死亡。
Though it is very difficult to quantify, _________ __________ _________ that millions of people die prematurely due to air pollution each year worldwide.
第三节 课文背诵(共3小题;每题2分，满分6分)
93. 他新近的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实，有望在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。(汉译英)
94. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。(汉译英)
95. 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病之父。(汉译英)
六、应用文写作(满分15分)
96. 人工智能时代已悄然来临，科技的进步给人们的生活带来了许多的变化。假如你是李华，将参加2023年广州科技活动周的英语演讲比赛活动。请你按以下要求完成一篇演讲稿。内容包括：
1. 描述或畅想未来人工智能的发展状况；
2. 你对这些变化的看法。
Ladies and gentlemen,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________广东实验中学2023—2024学年(上)高二级期中考试
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。
2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案;不能答在试卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内
的相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卷收回。
一、听力理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分 15分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题 1分，满分10分)
听下面3段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位罝。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
1. Who lives above the speakers
A. Mrs. Green. B. Mr. Black. C. Mr. Jones.
2. Where is Mr. Jones now probably
A. In another city. B. In his apartment. C. At the fire department.
3. What will the man do next
A. Phone for help. B. Break down the door. C. Stop the water from reaching his carpet.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【原文】W: There’s water leaking from the ceiling of the spare room.
M: It must be coming from Mr. Jones’ apartment.
W: I’ll go knock on his door and see if he is all right.
M: He’s not home. He flew to London to visit his son for the weekend. What’s worse, I don’t have his number.
W: He must have left a tap on or something. We need to get in.
M: I think Mrs. Green has a spare key. She lives across the hall from him.
W: OK, I’ll go see if she is in. If not, I’ll phone Mr. Black at the fire department. They are allowed to break into the house.
M: I’ll go get a bucket, so it won’t soak the carpe t any more than it already has.
W: Try and avoid standing under it, just in case it falls in on us.
M: It should be OK. I think we’ve noticed it in time.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
4. What does the woman do on the last Thursday of each month
A. Visit an art gallery. B. Have a business lunch. C. Attend a local company’s meeting.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister.
B. Bank manager and customer.
C. Business owner and employee.
6. What does the woman advise the man to do
A. Apply for a business loan.
B. Set up a networking event.
C. Have a rest away from business.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C
【解析】
【原文】M: I’ve been told I need to communicate with more people to get more clients for my business.
W: That’s true. I attend two networking events each month. One is a Wednesday business lunch for local companies.
M: And the other
W: It’s less formal. It’s at an art gallery on the last Thursday of each month. It’s not only about making connections but sharing creative ideas and admiring the art.
M: I’m just not as confident as you about talking to people.
W: Oh, come on. When we were growing up, you were always so outgoing. Mom would have to run after you.
M: I know, but it’s different now being an adult.
W: You know you can go to classes to learn how to engage more and speak in public.
M: I know, but I spend all my time on the business. Sometimes I even forget to eat.
W: You need to take a break before you burn yourself out. Why don’t we go to that new bar You can relax there if you need to.
M: I appreciate the offer. However, I have an application to fill out for some government financial support, as the bank turned down a business loan.
W: Bring it with us and I can help you fill it in. I do have a business degree after all.
M: Actually, yes, that would be great.
W: I’ll grab my coat.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
7. Why did the man visit the library
A. To return a book. B. To start a volunteer job. C. To join a reading club.
8. Which daily task does the woman like to do the most
A. Organizing books. B. Reading to children. C. Sorting out applications.
9. What type of book does the woman probably prefer
A. Classic American novels.
B. Science fiction.
C. Historical fiction.
10. How does the man seek entertainment now
A. By reading novels. B. By surfing the Internet. C. By watching TV shows.
【答案】7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Welcome. We’re so grateful for high school students to register for the summer program in our library.
M: Thanks, Mrs. Petersen. I’m excited to learn more about literature and get some experience to put on my college applications.
W: All of our volunteers gain a lot of great experience. First, you’ll deal with the book returns.
M: You mean putting returned books in order
W: Yes. You’ll take the books from the return desk and organize them on the shelves.
M: That sounds like plenty of work.
W: In time, you might learn to love it. It’s very relaxing work that has become my most preferred things of the day.
M: I’ll keep an open mind. Are there other jobs I can do
W: Well, the children’s reading club s are fun but very challenging. Read children classic American novels and try to keep them under control.
M: It must be difficult to keep their attention. When I was a kid, I mostly consumed media through TV and the Internet.
W: I found science-based fantasy novels when I was young, and then I enjoyed TV shows less and less. The same thing might happen to you.
M: It did, actually. I started reading historical fiction with my father and have since most ly given up other forms of media.
W: That’s wonderful. Let’s get you started by filing applications for library cards. Then you’ll be ready to start working.
第二节 听取信息(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面一段独白。请根据题目要求，从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，下面的空格中。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Big cities Small towns
Transport ·Heavy traffic and expensive____11____ ·Taking public transport is cheaper than driving ·Have to____12____to make life comfortable
Entertainment ·Enjoy films, concerts and other____13____ ·Not much of it
People ·Meet____14____people ·Lack of variety
Lifestyle ·Exciting · ____15____
【答案】11. parking
12. own a car
13. wonderful shows
14. different kinds of
15. Safe but dull
【解析】
【原文】I grew up in the countryside until I was 18 and then moved to a big city, so I’ve experienced the good and bad sides of both. I had never thought that I would enjoy living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten years of living in a big city, I can’t imagine ever living in the countryside again. Surely the countryside and big cities both have some problems in terms of transport. In the countryside, you have to own a car to make life comfortable. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of taking public transport, which is cheaper than driving. I also love the exciting life in big cities. I can always enjoy a lot of films, concerts, and other wonderful shows. However, these things are not common in the countryside. The final thing I like about large cities is that you can meet different kinds of people. However, you seldom find such a variety of people in the countryside. I think that living in an area where everyone is just like me will quickly become dull. Of course, safety should be considered, and that’s one area where the countryside is better than big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more careful and live in a large city than feel safe but dull in the countryside.
16. ______ extracurricular activities is beneficial to broadening your horizons and enriching your campus life, having your comprehensive qualification ______.
A. Getting involved in; strengthened B. Involving in; strengthen
C. Being involved in; strengthening D. Involved in; strengthened
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：参加课外活动有助于开阔视野，丰富校园生活，增强综合素质。分析句子结构可知，“_____ extracurricular activities”为句子的主语，所以要用动名词做主语，be/get involved in “参加”；逗号后面的have为使役动词，所以第二个空为宾语补足语，have sth done “让某事被做”，分析句子结构可知，your comprehensive qualification 和strength之间为动宾关系，所以要用过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动。故选A。
17. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that
C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：取得成功的唯一办法就是要有信念：相信你在赛场上比其他任何人都棒。此处是由that引导的同位语从句，指代belief的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，所以用that引导，故选B项。
18. His handwriting is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________ it is that he is trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who D. what
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：他的字写得很乱，很难弄清楚他想表达的是什么。空格处引导一个宾语从句，在从句中作he is trying to express的宾语，表示“什么”。A. that（这个）引导宾语从句，无词义，不作成分，仅起引导作用；B. how（怎样）引导宾语从句，作状语，表示“如何”；C. who（谁）引导宾语从句，作主语，宾语，表示“谁”；D. what（什么）引导宾语从句，作主语、宾语或表语，表示“什么；……的（东西等）”，根据句意，故填what， 故选D。
19. It has been warned that to the surroundings with people infected by Covid-19 without any protection can lead to a severe result.
A. being exposed B. exposed C. having exposed D. to expose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有人警告称，在没有任何保护措施的情况下，暴露在有感染Covid-19的人的环境中会导致严重的结果。分析句子结构可知expose在句中应用非谓语动词形式，表示“暴露”短语为be exposed to，且从句中缺少主语，expose与逻辑主语people是被动关系，故应用动名词的被动式作主语。故选A。
20. It is your wife as well as you that ______ the spoiled child.
A. is to blame for B. are to blame for
C. is to be blamed for D. are to be blamed for
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型和主谓一致。句意：这个被宠坏的孩子不仅要怪你，也要怪你的妻子。分析句子结构可知，这是强调句型。在“A+ as well as+ B”做主语的时候，谓语动词和A保持一致；固定词组be to blame for对……应负责任；用主动语态表示被动的含义。故选A。
21. We are talking about the case _________ he was suspected _________ theft.
A. that; of B. where, of C. which; with D. what; with
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：我们正在谈论的是他涉嫌盗窃的案件。分析句子结构，空1考查限制性定语从句，修饰先行词case，是抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。空2考查固定短语be suspected of，表示“被怀疑……”。故选B。
22. Gone _________ the days _________ we sang and danced happily.
A. have; when B. were; which C. were; when D. are; that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和定语从句。句意：我们快乐地唱歌跳舞的日子一去不复返了。根据句意和后文sang and danced可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语the days为复数，主谓一致，故空1填were；空2处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the days，从句中结构完整，应用关系副词when引导从句，作时间状语。故选C项。
23. Honestly speaking, this is ______ I disagreed ______ you.
A. what; on B. where; on C. what; with D. where; with
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句和固定搭配。句意：老实说，这就是我不同意你的地方。第一空用做地点状语的where引导表语从句，disagree with sb. (与某人意见不同)。故选D项。
24. There is a note ______ to the door, ______ the shop will open again.
A. pinning; saying B. pinned; said C. pinned; saying D. pinning; said
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：门上钉着一张纸条，上面写着商店将重新开业。第一空是非谓语动词做后置定语，修饰名词note，且动词pin(钉住)和名词note(便条；纸条)二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词pinned做后置定语，第二空是非谓语动词做状语，表示伴随，动词say(提供信息；写着)和note二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词saying作状语，故选C。
25. （2016·浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________has been proved.
A. whom B. which
C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。分析句子可知，先行词是theories，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作of的宾语。故选B。
【名师点睛】对定语从句的考查主要是关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as, who在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；where, why, when在从句中分别作地点状语、原因状语和时间状语。要分析定语从句的结构，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是“代词+of+关系代词”，注意先行词指人时用whom，先行词指物时用which。
26. All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming______ damaging our health.
A. show; are B. shows; are
C. show; is D. shows; is
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据都表明，农业中不断增加的化学品使用正在损害我们的健康。前一个空中，因为evidence是不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数，因此第一空是shows；that引导的是一个宾语从句，从句中的主语是“use of chemicals”，意思为“化学品的使用”，是抽象意义的名词，谓语动词要用单数，因此第二空是is，故选D。
27. Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。
28. Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
29. The shelter, which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs, _________ two large tunnels intended to become an extension of the London Underground someday.
A. approves of B. is comprised of C. appeals to D. subscribes to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：该避难所由两条大型隧道组成，可保护多达8000人免受战时炸弹袭击，有朝一日将成为伦敦地铁的延伸部分。A. approves of赞成；B. is comprised of由……组成；C. appeals to呼吁；D. subscribes to订阅，同意，赞成。根据后文“two large tunnels”可知，避难所由两条大型隧道组成。故选B项。
30. I’m humbled and grateful for the recognition of the award, but the credit truly belongs to the amazing _________ of the film’s director.
A. flavour B. boundary C. proof D. vision
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对这个奖项的认可感到谦卑和感激，但荣誉真正属于电影导演的惊人视野。A. flavour滋味；B. boundary界限；范围；C. proof证据；D. vision视野。根据前文“I’m humbled and grateful for the recognition of the award, but ”以及后文“amazing ”可知，此处指荣誉真正属于电影导演的惊人视野。故选D。
三、阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Make the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family. Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day out.
Painswick Rococo Garden
Find beauty and quietness at the UK's only complete surviving Rococo Garden. Discover fanciful garden flowers, woodland walks, and beautifully framed (镶框) views across the valley. Dogs on short leads are permitted and the shop offers a range of seasonal and local produce.
Book at rococogarden.org.uk.
Open: closed 1-25 March, open 26-31 March, 10 am-4 pm, last entry 2:30 pm.
Nymans Garden
Walk down Spring Walk packed with seasonal flowers and pleasant smells, and enjoy the hedge (树篱) topped with frost. Routes include those with plenty of level paths to follow around the garden. Dogs are welcome every day from 1:30 pm, with a festive treat provided.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/ nymans.
Open: daily except 24-25 March, 10 am-4 pm.
Ventnor Botanic Garden
Even in early spring, there are typically over 200 varieties of plants to be seen flowering as you explore the 27 acres. Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for wheelchairs, and then warm up with coffee milk in the cafe afterwards.
Book at botanic.co.uk.
Open: daily except 25 March, 9 am-4 pm.
Gibside Garden
Enjoy walking paths at this Georgian landscape garden, featuring plenty of wildlife. Follow the winding river and turning valley for fantastic views. up with hot chocolate and delicious biscuits in the second-hand bookshop.
Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/gibside.
Open: daily except 24 and 25 March, 10 am-4 pm.
31. What do Painswick Rococo Garden and Nymans Garden have in common
A. Valley views. B. Frosty flowers. C. Seasonal produce. D. Pet permission.
32. Which garden favors people with walking disability
A. Painswick Rococo Garden. B. Nymans Garden.
C. Ventnor Botanic Garden. D. Gibside Garden.
33. Where can the text be found
A. In a research paper. B. In a travel brochure.
C. In a science magazine. D. In a geography textbook.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以一起散步的四个景观花园。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据Painswick Rococo Garden下的“Dogs on short leads are permitted(短期带狗是允许的)”以及Nymans Garden下的“Dogs are welcome every day from 1:30 pm(每天下午1:30开始，狗狗们都受到欢迎)”可知，Painswick Rococo Garden 和Nymans Garden共同之处在于宠物许可。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ventnor Botanic Garden下的“Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for wheelchairs,(享受滨海通道和轮椅通道)”可知，Ventnor Botanic Garden适合行走不便的人。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Make the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family. Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day out.(充分利用宜人的天气，与朋友和家人一起享受一年中最好的散步。在一些我们最喜欢的景观花园中享受难忘的一天)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了可以一起散步的四个景观花园。由此可推测，在旅游手册上可以找到此文。故选B。
B
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
34. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
35. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
36. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
37. What can we learn from this passage
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
【答案】34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. (我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。
【点睛】
C
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
38. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
39 What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
40. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
41. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
【40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
【点睛】
D
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a big decision There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice, and it is certainly possible to overthink things. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. Psychologists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the error is making a call based on the least of evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a professor at the University of Illinois, and David Dunning, a professor at the University of Michigan, has found that hasty judgments are often just one part of larger error-prone patterns in behavior and thinking. These patterns have costs. People who tend to make such jumps in their reasoning often choose a bet in which they have low chances of winning instead of one where their chances are much better.
To study jumping, researchers did an experiment to examine decision-making patterns among 600 people from the general population. They applied a thinking game, in which players encountered someone who was fishing from one of two lakes: in one lake, most of the fish were red; in the other, most were gray. The fisher would catch one fish at a time and stop only when players thought they could say which lake was being fished. Some players had to see many fish before making a decision. Others—the jumpers—stopped after only one or two. Participants were also asked questions to learn more about their thought patterns. It was found that the fewer fish a player waited to see, the more errors that individual made in other types of beliefs, reasoning and decisions.
So what is behind jumping Researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic, known as system l, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort; and controlled, or system 2, consisting of effortful reasoning that is analytic, mindful and intentional. It was found that jumpers and non-jumpers were equally influenced by automatic thoughts. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps people counterbalance mental biases introduced by system 1. A lack of system 2 thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our heart is a frequent and important one. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
42. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs
A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B. Evidence is a necessity for judgments.
C. Jumping results from a wish to win a bet.
D. Jumpers have a tendency to a mental mistake.
43. What can we learn from the experiment
A. Jumpers caught more fish than non-jumpers.
B. Non-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C. Non-jumpers tended to see more fish before naming the lake.
D. People who saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasoning.
44. According to the passage, in which situation is system 2 engaged more
A. After comparing different brands and models, David purchased a car.
B. On hearing that the Apollo moon landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C. Seeing the dirty windows of a restaurant, Mary decided its food was bad.
D. When picking a doctor, Jim merely accepted the recommendation from a friend.
45. What does the author intend to tell us
A. To reflect on our thought patterns regularly.
B. To think twice before we make our decisions.
C. To realize the consequences of faulty reasoning.
D. To adopt two pathways of thought before acting.
【答案】42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者讲述了很多人做决定前会考虑，并对其进行了说明。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In this case, the error is making a call based on the least of evidence.( 在这种情况下，错误是基于最少的证据做出判断。)”和文章第二段“A research …has found that hasty judgments are often just one part of larger error-prone patterns in behavior and thinking. These patterns have costs. People who tend to make such jumps in their reasoning often choose a bet in which they have low chances of winning instead of one where their chances are much better.(伊利诺伊大学(University of Illinois)教授卡门·桑切斯(Carmen Sanchez)和密歇根大学(University of Michigan)教授戴维·邓宁(David Dunning)的一项研究发现，草率的判断往往只是行为和思维中容易出错的更大模式的一部分。这些模式有成本。那些倾向于在推理中做出这种跳跃的人通常会选择胜算不大的赌注，而不是胜算大得多的赌注。)”可知，文章前两段主要讲述了思维跳跃者往往会犯心理错误。故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The fisher would catch one fish at a time and stop only when players thought they could say which lake was being fished. Some players had to see many fish before making a decision. Others—the jumpers—stopped after only one or two.( 渔民一次只能捕到一条鱼，只有当玩家认为他们能够说出在哪个湖钓鱼时才会停下来。有些玩家在做出决定前必须看到许多鱼。其他人——思维跳跃者——只跳了一两次就停止了。)”可知，非跳跃思维者在给湖命名前倾向于看到更多的鱼。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“and controlled, or system 2, consisting of effortful reasoning that is analytic, mindful and intentional. It was found that jumpers and non-jumpers were equally influenced by automatic thoughts. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps people counterbalance mental biases introduced by system 1. A lack of system 2 thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.( 受控的，或系统2，由分析的，有意识的和有意的努力推理组成。研究发现，跳跃者和非跳跃者受到自动思维的影响是一样的。然而，跳跃者并没有像非跳跃者那样进行控制推理。正是第二系统的思维方式帮助人们对抗由第一系统引入的心理偏见。第二系统思维的缺乏也与他们有问题的信念和错误的推理有更广泛的联系。)”可知，在比较了不同的品牌和车型后，大卫购买了一辆汽车，符合系统2。故选A。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our heart is a frequent and important one. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.( 在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是应该用心去做，这是一个频繁而重要的问题。最近的研究表明，即使再多收集一点证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误。有时候，我们做出的最重要的决定可能是在做出选择之前多花些时间。)”可知，作者想要告诉我们在行动之前应该三思而后行。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题 2.5分, 满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____46____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____47____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___48___
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____49____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
___50___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】46. F 47. C 48. A 49. E 50. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．
【46题详解】
根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。
【47题详解】
根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。
【49题详解】
根据前文scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
【50题详解】
根据下文For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。
三、英语知识运用(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Although most flyers (传单) have gone the way of tape recordings, there’s still the ____51____ one that shows up at our door. ____52____, they go straight to the recycling bin — unless there are small children and a page with toys catches their eyes.
They are ____53____ by it. They tend to feel forced to read it over and over again. But that’s not ____54____. Now there’s a whole list of toys they can’t live without. Before they saw this page, they were ____55____. There was nothing they needed. They had ____56____ puzzles, books, and games to keep them satisfied for hours. Not to mention the outdoor ____57____. Now, they need this toy. They’ll be miserable ____58____ they have it. After calming down the kids and giving some firm nos, it’s time to ____59____ the experience.
Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are _____60_____. This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat. There are new things or experiences we _____61_____! We’ll be so miserable without them.
We are all _____62_____ affected. And that’s thought-provoking.
Recognizing our weakness and the source of the temptation (诱惑) is a big first step towards _____63_____ it. We can begin by steeling ourselves against the sources — _____64_____ social media, avoiding the mall… And even under those circumstances that can’t be avoided, we can repeat to ourselves the wisdom, “Who is the rich person The one who is _____65_____ with his life. ”
51. A. original B. occasional C. important D. inspiring
52. A. In order B. In general C. Now and then D. More or less
53. A. ignored B. puzzled C. prohibited D. attracted
54. A. within its reach B. a piece of cake C. the worst of it D. as plain as day
55. A. content B. curious C. innocent D. unsettled
56. A. all B. limited C. enough D. extra
57. A. options B. agency C. education D. areas
58. A. if B. because C. until D. though
59. A. meet with B. bring up C. work out D. reflect on
60. A. excited B. admitted C. controlled D. expressed
61. A. need B. obtain C. possess D. share
62. A. secretly B. directly C. barely D. easily
63. A. understanding B. conquering C. investigating D. building
64. A. making time for B. looking forward to C. staying away from D. taking advantage of
65. A. familiar B. satisfied C. busy D. concerned
【答案】51. B 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. A 61. A 62. D 63. B 64. C 65. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述我们会被传单所吸引而进行购物，来说明我们很容易受到外界的影响和诱惑，要想克服这些，应该远离这些资源或对现有生活保持满足的态度。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然大多数的传单已经像磁带录音一样消失了，但偶尔还是会有传单出现在我们家门口。A. original最初的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. important重要的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据上文“Although most flyers (传单) have gone the way of tape recordings”可知上下文是转折关系，可知虽然大多数传单消失了，但是偶尔还是会有传单出现在家门口，故选B。
【52题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一般来说，他们会直接去回收箱——除非有小孩，或者有一页玩具吸引了他们的眼球。A. In order按次序的；B. In general一般来说；C. Now and then有时；D. More or less几乎，差不多。根据下文“unless there are small children and a page with toys catches their eyes.”可知这是特殊情况，所以推测上文是通常情况，传单都进入了回收箱，故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被它所吸引。A. ignored忽视；B. puzzled迷糊；C. prohibited禁止；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“They tend to feel forced to read it over and over again.”可知是他们会被传单吸引，故选D。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：但这还不是最糟糕的。A. within its reach触手可及；B. a piece of cake举手之劳；C. the worst of it最糟糕的；D. as plain as day显而易见。根据下文“Now there’s a whole list of toys they can’t live without.”可推知上文还不是最糟糕的，而糟糕的是现在的清单上都是他们离不开的玩具，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们看到这个页面之前，他们很满足。A. content满足的；B. curious好奇的；C. innocent无辜的；D. unsettled不稳定的。根据下文“There was nothing they needed.”可知他们什么也不需要，所以应该是很满足，故选A。
【56题详解】
考查代词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他们有足够的谜题、书籍和游戏让他们满足好几个小时。A. all所有；B. limited有限的；C. enough足够的；D. extra额外的。根据上文“There was nothing they needed.”可知他们什么也不需要，是因为有足够的东西能满足他们几个小时，故选C。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：更不用说户外的选择了。A. options选择；B. agency代理机构；C. education教育；D. areas区域。根据上文“They had ____6____ puzzles, books, and games to keep them satisfied for hours.”可知有足够的东西能满足他们，所以更不会去户外了，故选A。
【58题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在得到它之前，他们会很痛苦。A. if如果；B. because因为；C. until直到；D. though尽管。根据上文“Now, they need this toy.”可知直到拥有这个玩具之前他们都会很痛苦，故选C。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在让孩子们冷静下来并给出一些坚决的拒绝之后，是时候反思这次经历了。A. meet with碰到；B. bring up养育；C. work out计算出；D. reflect on反思。根据下文“Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are ____10____.”可知是在反思这次经历，故选D。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数情况下我们都很好，直到我们的欲望被激发。A. excited激发；B. admitted承认；C. controlled控制；D. expressed表达。根据下文“This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat.”可知我们的欲望被激发，才会想去购物，或者去度假，故选A。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要新的事物或经历! A. need需要；B. obtain获得；C. possess拥有；D. share分享。根据下文“We’ll be so miserable without them.”可知没有新的事物和经历会很痛苦，所以我们需要，故选A。
【62题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们都很容易受影响。A. secretly秘密地；B. directly直接地；C. barely仅仅；D. easily容易地。根据上文“Aren’t we all like those children We’re mostly fine until we run into a situation where our desires are ____10____. This could be a trip to the mall or a view of someone’s vacation pictures on WeChat.”可知我们很容易受到购物中心或者社交媒体的影响，故选D。
【63题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：认识到我们的弱点和诱惑的来源是征服它的第一步。A. understanding理解；B. conquering征服；C. investigating调查；D. building建立。根据下文“Recognizing our weakness and the source of the temptation (诱惑)”可知我们要想摆脱那些诱惑，克服那些想要购物的欲望，应该是先认识我们的弱点和诱惑，故选B。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们可以从让自己远离社交媒体、避开购物中心开始，即使在这些无法避免的情况下，我们也可以对自己重复这样的智慧：“谁是富人 ”就是对生活满意的人。”A. making time for腾出时间；B. looking forward to期盼；C. staying away from远离；D. taking advantage of利用。根据上文“We can begin by steeling ourselves against the sources”可知我们要想不受那些诱惑影响，应该远离那些资源，故选C。
【65题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. familiar熟悉的；B. satisfied满意的；C. busy繁忙的；D. concerned关注的。根据上文“And even under those circumstances that can’t be avoided, we can repeat to ourselves the wisdom, “Who is the rich person ”以及前文可知我们克服这些购物的欲望，我们才能成为富人，也就是对现在生活满意的人，故选B。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____66____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____67____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____68____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____69____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____70____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____71____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____72____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____73____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____74____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____75_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】66. and
67. originally
68. surrounded
69. were permitted
70. featured
71. spacious
72. simpler
73. as 74. events
75. the
【解析】
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
【66题详解】
考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
【67题详解】
考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
69题详解】
考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
【70题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
【71题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
【72题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
【73题详解】
考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
【74题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
【75题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
【点睛】
五、课内知识考察(共三节，满分25分)
第一节 词汇填空(共 11小题;每小题1分，满分 11分)
请根据句意，用选必一U3 至选必二U1所学词汇的正确形式进行填空。(76-78题首字母提示+中文提示;79-82题英文释义;83-86题词形变化)
76. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than c______________(传统的) crops.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】conventional##onventional
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：杂交种的一个特点是它们通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“传统的”可知，此处应用形容词conventional作定语。故填conventional。
77. The w______________(广泛的) use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has led to great harm to both the land and the people’s health. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】widespread##idespread
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：化肥在农业中的广泛使用对土地和人民的健康造成了极大的危害。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“广泛的”可知，此处应用形容词widespread作定语修饰名词use。故填widespread。
78. An increasing number of students s______________ (赞同) to the viewpoint that studying overseas may offer greater chances for personal growth. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】subscribe
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：越来越多的学生同意出国留学能提供更多个人成长机会的观点。根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，此处应为subscribe意为“同意”，分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以应使用一般现在时，与句子主语students之间为主动关系，且句子主语为名词复数，此处应使用动词原形。故填subscribe。
79. The Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park was set up in Jilin and Heilongjiang, with boundaries ______________ (v-ing extending, spreading) all the way to the border and joining with Russia’s wildlife reserves. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】stretching
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在吉林和黑龙江建立了东北虎豹国家公园，边界一直延伸到边境，与俄罗斯的野生动物保护区相连。分析句子结构可知，此处应为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，根据提示的英文，此空处应为现在分词形式作宾语补足语，根据“extending, spreading(延伸)”可知，此处应为stretching意为“延伸”，与宾语boundaries之间为主动关系。故填stretching。
80. Nowadays, there is a growing _______________(n. trend) that many museums and historical sites, which seem less attractive for local dwellers, are mainly visited by tourists from other parts of the world. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】tendency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如今，越来越多的趋势是，许多对当地居民吸引力不大的博物馆和历史遗址主要由来自世界其他地区的游客参观。根据英文提示“趋势”以及前文不定冠词a可知，此处应用名词tendency单数形式，作主语。故填tendency。
81. While it is easy to _______________ (vt. to notice or become aware of sth.) when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】perceive
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当学生感兴趣，无聊或分心时，很容易察觉，但有时很难区分学生是否有问题。根据提示的英文解释“to notice or become aware of sth.(注意到或意识到某事物)”可知，此处应为perceive意为“察觉”符合句意，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以应使用动词原形。故填perceive。
82. The success of super hybrid rice _______________ (vi. to show) to the world that China is capable of feeding approximately 18% of the global population on its own. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】demonstrates
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：超级杂交水稻的成功向世界证明，中国有能力养活全球约18%的人口。根据英文提示“展示，证明”可知，此处应用动词demonstrate作谓语，本句描述现实情况，用一般现在时。主语为单数，主谓一致，故填demonstrates。
83. For those who live in cities like we do, spending time in nature can be an _______________ (incredible) rejuvenating experience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】incredibly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：对于那些像我们一样生活在城市里的人来说，在大自然中度过时光是一种令人难以置信的恢复活力的体验。修饰动词现在分词应用副词。故填incredibly。
84. Based on the _______________ (assume) that Grandma would help to clear up the mess in the dining room, Eliza rushed out of the house, heading towards the school without hesitation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】assumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：Eliza以为奶奶会帮忙收拾餐厅的乱摊子，于是冲出房子，毫不犹豫地朝学校跑去。空前是冠词the，空后是that从句，所以该空填名词assumption，表示“假定，假设”，作介词的宾语。后文that引导同位语从句进一步解释该假设的内容，要用单数。故填assumption。
85. His casual behaviour was wholly _______________ (appropriate) for such a formal occasion. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】inappropriate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的随意行为完全不适合这种正式场合。根据前文“His casual behaviour”及后文“such a formal occasion”可知，他的随意行为不适合这种正式场合，应用其反义的形容词作表语。故填inappropriate。
86. Luckily, I was spared the_______________ (embarrass) of having to sing in front of everyone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】embarrassment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：幸运的是，我避免了在大家面前唱歌的尴尬。根据定冠词the可知，此处应用其名词embarrassment(不可数)作spare的宾语。故填embarrassment。
第二节 词块翻译(共 16空;每空0.5分，满分8分。)
根据句意，用选必一U3 至选必二U1所学词块进行填空，注意用其正确形式完成句子。
87. 在大城市，自行车正在成为替代私家车出行的短途交通工具。
In big cites, bikes are becoming ________ private cars as a means of short-distance transport.
【答案】an alternative of / to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“……的替代品”，可用固定短语an alternative to/of表达。故填an alternative of / to。
88. 体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, ________ ________ both men and women.
【答案】 ①. appealing ②. to
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。根据中英文提示，需要翻译的设空部分为：吸引。appeal to为固定短语，意为“吸引”，句子已有谓语动词has become，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，sport和appeal to为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填①appealing；②to。
89. 和他的同学相比，他更有资格担任这个职位，因为他英语流利，并且具有团队合作精神。
_________ __________ _________ his fellow classmates, he is more qualified for the position because of his fluency in English and his spirit of teamwork.
【答案】 ①. By/In ②. comparison ③. with
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。按要求，表示“和……相比”可用介词短语by comparison with或in comparison with，是固定搭配。句首字母大写，故空1填By/In；空2填comparison；空3填with。
90. 越来越多的科学家认为，气候变化是一个紧迫的全球性问题，需要立即采取行动。
An increasing number of scientists _________ _________ the view that climate change is an urgent global issue that requires immediate action.
【答案】 ①. subscribe ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。分析句子成分，该空在句中作谓语动词，“气候变化是一个紧迫全球性问题，需要立即采取行动”是科学家们所同意的观点，所以空处填动词短语subscribe to，表示“同意，赞成”，subsribe to the view that表示“赞成……观点”。该句子描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语scientists是复数。故填subscribe；to。
91. 科学研究表明：当孩子三四岁的时候，他们通常能分辨是非。
Scientific research has revealed that when children are three or four years old, they can usually _________ _________ right _________ wrong.
【答案】 ①. distinguish ②. between ③. and
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和情态动词。根据汉语提示，“分辨”用动词distinguish表示，distinguish between A and B表示“区分A和B”；空前是情态动词can，所以要填原形。故填distinguish；between；and。
92. 虽然很难量化，但据估计，全世界每年有数百万人因空气污染而过早死亡。
Though it is very difficult to quantify, _________ __________ _________ that millions of people die prematurely due to air pollution each year worldwide.
【答案】 ①. it ②. is ③. estimated
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、形式主语。本句描述现实情况，应用一般现在时。表示“据估计”可用固定句型it is estimated，it为形式主语，that引导名词性从句作真正主语。故空1填it；空2填is；空3填estimated。
第三节 课文背诵(共3小题;每题2分，满分6分)
93. 他新近的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实，有望在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。(汉译英)
【答案】His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句子陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；“他新近的愿景”可翻译为his later vision，在句中作主语。“海水稻”为专有名词seawater rice，“成为现实”可使用固定短语become a reality，“开辟”可使用固定短语open up，与become构成并列谓语，用and连接。“有望”可使用副词potentially作状语，“近10万平方公里”可翻译为nearly one million square kilometres，“盐碱地”可使用专有名词salty land，“水稻产量”可翻译为rice production。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.
94. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。(汉译英)
【答案】Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示“经过斯诺的不懈努力”可用介词短语through Snow’s tireless efforts，作状语；表示主语“饮用水公司”为名词短语water companies，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指；表示“开始出售洁净水”为began to sell clean water，begin to do sth是固定句型，动词的过去式作谓语；用连词and连接“世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低”和前文并列，表示为and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease，是主谓宾句型，动词see意为“经历，遭受”，作谓语。句首字母大写，故翻译为Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease。
95. 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病之父。(汉译英)
【答案】Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和固定短语。第一句话谓语动词是“改变”，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，即transformed；主干“斯诺改变了方式”是一个主谓宾结构，译为Snow transformed the way；“研究疾病的”可用定语从句来表达，修饰名词way，在定语从句中作状语，此处关系词可省略，即Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases；“此外”表达为副词moreover，置于句首，要大写，即Moreover；“通过使用地图和数据”译为in his use of maps and statistics作方式状语，所以第一句话翻译为：Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases。第二句话的谓语动词是“被誉为”，可用be considered 表示，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Snow是第三人称单数，谓语动词为is concersided；“现代流行病之父”表达为 the father of modern epidemiology；句首的“因此”表达为For this reason，所以第二句话翻译为：For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology。故答案为：Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology。
六、应用文写作(满分15分)
96. 人工智能时代已悄然来临，科技的进步给人们的生活带来了许多的变化。假如你是李华，将参加2023年广州科技活动周的英语演讲比赛活动。请你按以下要求完成一篇演讲稿。内容包括：
1. 描述或畅想未来人工智能的发展状况；
2. 你对这些变化的看法。
Ladies and gentlemen,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Ladies and gentlemen,
As we gather here today to celebrate the Guangzhou Science and Technology Week, I feel privileged to share my thoughts on the future development of artificial intelligence, with the topic of “The era of AI”.
Looking ahead, the potential for AI is boundless. Imagine a world where intelligent machines can comprehend human emotions, enhance medical diagnoses, and revolutionize transportation systems. Robots capable of performing complex surgeries with unparalleled precision or self-driving vehicles ensuring safer and more efficient journeys are no longer distant dreams but realities. With each passing day, AI research is pushing the boundaries of innovation, integrating perfectly into our daily lives.
From my perspective, the future of artificial intelligence is bright and promising. It is our responsibility to adapt to these changes, ensuring that AI’s evolution is guided by ethical principles and used to serve humanity. Let us embrace this new era, where human intelligence and artificial intelligence work together to shape a better future for all. (161 words)
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生完成一篇演讲稿，描述或畅想未来人工智能的发展状况，并发表自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
主题：topic→subject
提高：enhance→improve
日常的：daily→everyday
创造：shape→create
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：From my perspective, the future of artificial intelligence is bright and promising.
拓展句：From my perspective, the future of artificial intelligence is bright and promising, which is admirable.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is our responsibility to adapt to these changes, ensuring that AI’s evolut
