铁人中学2022级高二上学期期中考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间 120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers talking about
A. How to keep fit. B. How to handle pressure. C. What to play with.
2. What does the woman mean
A. She has to go home very soon.
B. The man should go home earlier.
C. She will help the man get home.
3. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter. B. Manager and secretary. C. Traveler and travel agent.
4. What can be learned from the conversation
A. The damage of car was not very serious.
B. The truck driver was slightly injured.
C. Only one person died in the accident.
5. What is the woman going to do
A. To get married. B. To take photos. C. To have a party.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6 Where is Mr. Jones now
A. At his parents’. B. In his office. C. He is out.
7. When will Mr. Jones be probably back
A. Tonight. B. 3:30 p.m. tomorrow. C. In a few minutes.
8. What is the message
A. There will be a lecture tomorrow afternoon.
B. There will be a party tomorrow afternoon.
C. There will be a party this evening.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
9. What is the woman going to do in Chicago
A. To see her friend. B. To meet her brother. C. To have a meeting.
10. How long does the woman have to wait for the next flight
A. About one hour. B. About four hours. C. About three hours.
11. When will the next flight get to Chicago
A. At 12:15. B. At 12:50. C. At 12:55.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
12. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a university. B. In a college. C. In a high school.
13. Where should the woman register
A. On the first floor. B. On the second floor. C. On the third floor.
14. How much should the woman pay every term if she wants to have one roommate
A. $200. B. $400. C. $800.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
15. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The man’s plan. B. The man’s dream. C. The man’s experience.
16. Who first taught the man to cook
A. His father. B. His mother. C. His father’s friend.
17. What do we know about the man now
A He owns a restaurant. B. He lives far from his hometown. C. His original dream has come true.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
18. What did the businessman want to do in another town
A. To do business. B. To go on a holiday. C. To teach the persons a lesson.
19. Why did the businessman want Tom to carry the lightest load
A. He liked Tom better than the other persons.
B. Tom was weaker than the other persons.
C. Tom was hard to deal with.
20. What happened to Tom when they got to the town
A. He was very tired. B. He had nothing to carry. C. His load became heavier and heavier.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
STEM Summer Programs for High School Students
STEM is a term that stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
Future Matters Program
It is an eight-week paid summer research experience for high school students. This is a hands-on program for worldwide students interested in going after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
Simons Summer Research
It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University. Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events. They will conclude the program by producing a written research abstract and research poster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cost-free program of its kind. During this seven-week program, students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this program, students attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare oral presentations to present their research.
Program in Math for Young Scientists
This program is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe. Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study. Besides learning, there is also “mandatory (强制)fun time” built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
1. Which program will be summarized with written material
A Future Matters Program. B. Simons Summer Research.
C. Research Science Institute. D. Program in Math for Young Scientists.
2. What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common
A. Expense. B. Requirement. C. Duration. D. Content.
3. What’s special in Program in Math for Young Scientists
A. Cultivating independent sill. B. Attending non-math activities.
C. Enrolling international students. D. Tailoring personal schedules.
B
Young trees don’t just grow; they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there’s trouble.
Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author’s land, there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature, the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can’t be the explanation. So what’s happening Well, this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.
Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions:trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don’t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.
But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!
Why do trees do such a thing？It’s simple: it’s better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.
4. Why does the author mention the three oak trees
A. To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.
B. To show trees can make independent decisions.
C. To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.
D. To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.
5. According to the text which of the following best describes general features of trees
A. Anxious and bold.
B. Smart and adventurous.
C. Helpful and well behaved.
D. Adaptable and supportive.
6. What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing” mean
A. Give warnings. B. Offer assistance.
C. Depend on others. D. Provide nutrients.
7. Where does this text most probably come from
A. A public lecture. B. A science book.
C. An experiment report. D. A travel journal.
C
Consumers everywhere are faced with the same dilemma: given limited resources, what sorts of purchases are most likely to produce lasting happiness and satisfaction Recent research has confirmed that experiential purchases tend to produce greater hedonic (享乐的) gains than material purchases.
The reason why experiences improve with time may be because it is possible to think about experiences in a more abstract manner than possessions. For example, if you think back to a fantastic summer from your youth, you might easily remember an abstract sense of warm sunshine and youthful exuberant (生气勃勃), but you’re less likely to remember exactly what you did day-by-day.
Material possessions are harder to think about in an abstract sense. The car you bought is still a car, that great new jacket you picked up cheap is still just a jacket. It’s more likely the experience of that summer has taken on a symbolic meaning that can live longer in your memory than a possession.
Purchasing may have a negative impact on happiness because consumers often buy “joyless” material possessions, resulting in comfort but not pleasure. In general, people adapt to experiences more slowly than to material purchase. This can be seen in both negative and positive purchases: hedonic adaptation would result in a positive experience causing more happiness but a negative experience causing less happiness than the comparable material purchase with the same initial happiness level.
Experience, however, seems to be more resistant to these sorts of unfavourable comparisons. It is because of the unique nature of experience. It’s more difficult to make an unfavourable comparison when there is nothing directly comparable. After all, each of our youthful summers is different.
It’s well established that social comparisons can have a huge effect on how we view what might seem like positive events. One striking example is the finding that people prefer to earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000, instead of earning $100,000 themselves and having other people earn $200,000.
A similar effect is seen for possessions. When there are so many flat-screen HD TVs to choose from, it's easy to make unfavourable comparisons between our choice and the others available.
8. An abstract sense in the passage refers to awareness of something ________.
A. you cannot think about
B. you can’t remember well
C. you cannot understand
D. you cannot see or touch
9. If you make an experiential purchase before a material purchase, you may go to __________.
A. a theatre before going to a store
B. an exhibition before going to a park
C. a mall before going to a grocer's
D. a market before going to a restaurant
10. The example of earnings is given to actually indicate __________.
A. how ridiculous people are
B. how people feel content
C. how nearsighted people are
D. how people hold prejudice
11. It is implied in the passage that, after their material purchases, people might __________.
A. enjoy their ownership of what they have bought
B. pick every fault in the products they have got
C. regret making a wrong decision to buy the items
D. leave what they’ve purchased untouched at home
D
Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn’t matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
12. What is the major function of paragraph 1
A. To arouse the reader’s concern.
B. To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
C. To summarize the whole passage.
D. To state how climate changes.
13. What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes
A. To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
B. To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C. To show the damage earthquakes caused.
D. To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
14. Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes’ effects
A. Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
B. It could lead to the spread of diseases.
C. Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.
D. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
15. What can be inferred from the Passage
A. Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B. There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C. The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D. The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
From Mozart to pop music, tons of people enjoy listening to different types of music while they paint, write or draw. Many believe that music helps improve creativity. But an international study by a group of psychologists is challenging that viewpoint. ____16____
To come to their conclusions, researchers had participants complete verbal (文字的) problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room. ____17____ They found that background music significantly hurt the participants’ ability to complete tasks associated with verbal creativity.
The tasks were simple word games. ____18____ Then, they were asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word. Participants completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or while exposed to three different types of music: music with unfamiliar lines, instrumental music, or music with familiar lines.
Dr. Melatchie and his colleagues conclude that music interferes with (干扰) the verbal working memory of the brain. ____19____ However, some may argue that the library background noises have seemingly no effect. The researchers explain that is because library noises create an environment of steady state that doesn’t interrupt concentration.
“____20____ Instead, they demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of its content, consistently interrupts creative performance in insight problem solving,” the study reads.
A. And this in turn holds back creativity.
B. It has something to do with the positive reaction.
C. They say that their findings indicate music actually blocks creativity.
D. Then again, they were tested while music was played in the background.
E. Before the experiment, the participants didn’t study the music they would listen.
F. For example, participants were given three words, such as dress, dial, and flower.
G. To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music builds up creativity.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I started playing field hockey(曲棍球) when I was in seventh grade. Going into middle school, I knew I wanted to___21___ a sport, since I loved being on a team with friends. ___22___ together after class, driving to other schools to___23___ and just having an overall sense of unity were all ___24___of playing a team sport that I knew I couldn't ___25___ get.
To be honest, before spring of the seventh grade, I ___26___ even knew what field hockey was. The only thing I knew was that my friends thought it sounded cool. I don't really know what ___27___my friends to field hockey. Maybe it's because it's mainly a women's sport, ___28___ maybe it's because the ___29___ is a really nice English teacher. Even though I chose it on a whim(一时兴起), I'm really glad I decided to ___30___ it.
I am certainly not a field hockey prodigy (天才) or anything like that, but it honestly adds to my ___31___. Yes, it leaves me with my legs ___32___ and my arms drooping heavily, but this pain doesn't compare to the feeling of happiness that comes ___33___ playing. When you're running with a wooden ___34___ in your hand, chasing a white ball, there's no need to worry about anything. It offers an amazing way to be free from the ___35___ and hardships of school.
21. A. take up B. carry on C. give up D. pass on
22. A. Hiking B. Getting C. Practising D. Performing
23. A. cooperate B. compete C. integrate D. suspend
24. A. details B. options C. ratings D. meanings
25 A. otherwise B. however C. originally D. frequently
26. A. precisely B. barely C. merely D. undoubtedly
27. A. intended B. attracted C. forced D. urged
28. A. and B. while C. or D. but
29. A. professional B. opponent C. partner D. coach
30. A. stick with B. buy into C. react with D. act on
31. A. confidence B. strength C. well-being D. figure
32. A. aching B. broken C. swollen D. trembling
33. A. beyond B. across C. at D. with
34. A. bat B. tool C. item D. stick
35. A. routine B. stress C. punishment D. competition
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have contributed to the global effort ____36____ captured the world’s first image of Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, according to the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one of the ____37____(participate) in the project.
Experts believe the image of Sagittarius A will help people better understand the extreme celestial objects ____38____(call)black holes and the evolution of our galaxy.
Sagittarius A ____39____(locate) about 27,000 light years away from our solar system. It has ____40____ estimated mass of more than 4 million times that of the sun. It’s about 24 million kilometers ____41____ diameter(直径).
The black hole is now mostly dormant and only ____42____(occasional) absorbs nearby gas or dust, but it holds many mysteries that ____43____(puzzle) scientists for decades, such as its birth and growth.
Black holes typically form when the nuclear fusion of a very massive star fizzles out ____44____ it collapses upon itself into a super dense celestial object.
The Event Horizon Telescope held a news conference on Thursday _____45_____(present) the mug shot of the behemoth lurking behind the clouds of dust and gas that surround the center of our home galaxy.
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，某英文报社即将举行一次与航空航天相关的夏令营，正在征求活动方案。请你就此用英文给该报社写一封电子邮件表达你的兴趣及你对活动方案的设计。
注意:
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：航空航天 aerospace
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mum and Her Bank Account
My family had the tradition to sit down by the kitchen table every Saturday night to count out the money Dad had brought home.
These are for the rent, and these for the groceries. “ Mum counted out and divided the big silver pieces.
I’ll need a notebook, “ That would be my sister Christine, my brother Nels or me.
After Mum put one or two coins to the side for the notebook, she said that was all we needed to buy for the week and we all relaxed a little. We didn’t have to go downtown and draw money out of Mum’s bank account, which could always give us such a warm and secure feeling for having enough to afford the life.
When Nels graduated from grammar school , he needed some money for high school We sat by the table and I offered my “ Little Bank” which was used for sudden emergencies such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to see a doctor. I laid the box carefully in front of Mum. After counting out the money in the little bank and finding there was not enough, we all agreed not to go to the bank but to find some ways.
Nels volunteered to work in Dillon’s grocery after school and Dad said he would give up smoking. Now there was enough money. We felt relieved.
So many things came out of the little bank that year: Christine’s dress for the school play, Nel’s operation ... Whatever happened , we always knew we still had the bank to depend on. We never used her bank account.
That was twenty years ago.
Last year, I sold my first story. When the money came I thought of Mum’s bank account.
注意 1.续写词数应为120左右:
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So I hurried over to Mum’s home.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Knowing that there was no bank account at all, I felt shocked.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力1~5 BCBCA 6~10 CAABB 11~15 ACABC 16~20 BAABB铁人中学2022级高二上学期期中考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间 120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers talking about
A. How to keep fit. B. How to handle pressure. C. What to play with.
2. What does the woman mean
A. She has to go home very soon.
B. The man should go home earlier.
C. She will help the man get home.
3. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter. B. Manager and secretary. C. Traveler and travel agent.
4. What can be learned from the conversation
A. The damage of car was not very serious.
B. The truck driver was slightly injured.
C. Only one person died in the accident.
5. What is the woman going to do
A. To get married. B. To take photos. C. To have a party.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. Where is Mr. Jones now
A. At his parents’. B. In his office. C. He is out.
7. When will Mr. Jones be probably back
A. Tonight. B. 3:30 p.m. tomorrow. C. In a few minutes.
8. What is the message
A. There will be a lecture tomorrow afternoon.
B. There will be a party tomorrow afternoon.
C. There will be a party this evening.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
9. What is the woman going to do in Chicago
A. To see her friend. B. To meet her brother. C. To have a meeting.
10. How long does the woman have to wait for the next flight
A. About one hour. B. About four hours. C. About three hours.
11. When will the next flight get to Chicago
A. At 12:15. B. At 12:50. C. At 12:55.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
12. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a university. B. In a college. C. In a high school.
13. Where should the woman register
A. On the first floor. B. On the second floor. C. On the third floor.
14. How much should the woman pay every term if she wants to have one roommate
A. $200. B. $400. C. $800.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
15. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The man’s plan. B. The man’s dream. C. The man’s experience.
16. Who first taught the man to cook
A. His father. B. His mother. C. His father’s friend.
17. What do we know about the man now
A. He owns a restaurant. B. He lives far from his hometown. C. His original dream has come true.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
18. What did the businessman want to do in another town
A. To do business. B. To go on a holiday. C. To teach the persons a lesson.
19. Why did the businessman want Tom to carry the lightest load
A. He liked Tom better than the other persons.
B. Tom was weaker than the other persons.
C. Tom was hard to deal with.
20. What happened to Tom when they got to the town
A. He was very tired. B. He had nothing to carry. C. His load became heavier and heavier.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
STEM Summer Programs for High School Students
STEM is a term that stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
Future Matters Program
It is an eight-week paid summer research experience for high school students. This is a hands-on program for worldwide students interested in going after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
Simons Summer Research
It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University. Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events. They will conclude the program by producing a written research abstract and research poster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cost-free program of its kind. During this seven-week program, students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this program, students attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare oral presentations to present their research.
Program in Math for Young Scientists
This program is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe. Unlike common programs it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study. Besides learning, there is also “mandatory (强制)fun time” built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
1. Which program will be summarized with written material
A. Future Matters Program. B. Simons Summer Research.
C. Research Science Institute. D. Program in Math for Young Scientists.
2. What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common
A. Expense. B. Requirement. C. Duration. D. Content.
3. What’s special in Program in Math for Young Scientists
A. Cultivating independent sill. B. Attending non-math activities.
C. Enrolling international students. D. Tailoring personal schedules.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一些适合高中生的STEM夏令营。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Simons Summer Research部分中“They will conclude the program by producing a written research abstract and research poster.(他们将通过制作书面研究摘要和研究海报来结束项目。)”可知，该项目需要用书面材料总结。故选B。
【2题详解】
理解理解题。根据Simons Summer Research部分中“It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University.(这是一个为期七周的项目，位于石溪大学。)”和Research Science Institute部分中“During this seven-week program(在这七周的课程中)”可知，这两个项目的共同点是时长都是7周。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Program in Math for Young Scientists部分中“Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study.(与普通课程不同的是，它为学生提供了很大的独立性，可以选择自己的时间表并决定他们想学什么)”可知，该项目的特殊之处在于它允许定制个人的时间表。故选D。
B
Young trees don’t just grow; they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there’s trouble.
Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author’s land, there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature, the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can’t be the explanation. So what’s happening Well, this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.
Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions:trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don’t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.
But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!
Why do trees do such a thing？It’s simple: it’s better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.
4. Why does the author mention the three oak trees
A. To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.
B. To show trees can make independent decisions.
C. To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.
D. To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.
5. According to the text, which of the following best describes general features of trees
A Anxious and bold.
B. Smart and adventurous.
C. Helpful and well behaved.
D. Adaptable and supportive.
6. What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing” mean
A. Give warnings. B. Offer assistance.
C. Depend on others. D. Provide nutrients.
7. Where does this text most probably come from
A. A public lecture. B. A science book.
C. An experiment report. D. A travel journal.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助；研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Well, this tree is simply more careful than the others.”（这颗树只是比其他两颗更小心而已）和根据第三段“Not only do trees make their own decisions,”（树不仅能自己做决定，）故推知，作者在此处举例是为了说明树能自己做决定。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据“A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again.”（例如，一棵在一年中保留叶子太久的树将永远不会再犯这种错误。）可推知，树木的适应能力很强；根据“But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other”（但是树不仅在照顾自己的时候表现的很聪明，他们也互相支持）可知，树木之间会相互支持。故选D。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Why do trees do such a thing？”（树木们为什么会做这样的事呢？）可知，此处指的是上文“the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!”（树桩是由它的邻居们用来自根系的养分来滋养的，而且已经有至少400年的历史了！）故猜测do such a thing意为“提供帮助”。B选项Offer assistance意为“提供援助”。故选B。
7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助；研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训；据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故选B。
C
Consumers everywhere are faced with the same dilemma: given limited resources, what sorts of purchases are most likely to produce lasting happiness and satisfaction Recent research has confirmed that experiential purchases tend to produce greater hedonic (享乐的) gains than material purchases.
The reason why experiences improve with time may be because it is possible to think about experiences in a more abstract manner than possessions. For example, if you think back to a fantastic summer from your youth, you might easily remember an abstract sense of warm sunshine and youthful exuberant (生气勃勃), but you’re less likely to remember exactly what you did day-by-day.
Material possessions are harder to think about in an abstract sense. The car you bought is still a car, that great new jacket you picked up cheap is still just a jacket. It’s more likely the experience of that summer has taken on a symbolic meaning that can live longer in your memory than a possession.
Purchasing may have a negative impact on happiness because consumers often buy “joyless” material possessions, resulting in comfort but not pleasure. In general, people adapt to experiences more slowly than to material purchase. This can be seen in both negative and positive purchases: hedonic adaptation would result in a positive experience causing more happiness but a negative experience causing less happiness than the comparable material purchase with the same initial happiness level.
Experience, however, seems to be more resistant to these sorts of unfavourable comparisons. It is because of the unique nature of experience. It’s more difficult to make an unfavourable comparison when there is nothing directly comparable. After all, each of our youthful summers is different.
It’s well established that social comparisons can have a huge effect on how we view what might seem like positive events. One striking example is the finding that people prefer to earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000, instead of earning $100,000 themselves and having other people earn $200,000.
A similar effect is seen for possessions. When there are so many flat-screen HD TVs to choose from, it's easy to make unfavourable comparisons between our choice and the others available.
8. An abstract sense in the passage refers to awareness of something ________.
A. you cannot think about
B. you can’t remember well
C. you cannot understand
D. you cannot see or touch
9. If you make an experiential purchase before a material purchase, you may go to __________.
A. a theatre before going to a store
B. an exhibition before going to a park
C. a mall before going to a grocer's
D. a market before going to a restaurant
10. The example of earnings is given to actually indicate __________.
A. how ridiculous people are
B. how people feel content
C. how nearsighted people are
D. how people hold prejudice
11. It is implied in the passage that, after their material purchases, people might __________.
A. enjoy their ownership of what they have bought
B. pick every fault in the products they have got
C. regret making a wrong decision to buy the items
D. leave what they’ve purchased untouched at home
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了消费体验，购买经历的消费要比购买物质的消费带给人们更大的满足感。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“if you think back to a fantastic summer from your youth, you might easily remember an abstract sense of warm sunshine and youthful exuberant (生气勃勃), but you're less likely to remember exactly what you did day-by-day.”（如果你回想起年轻时那个美妙的夏天，你可能很容易记得那种抽象的感觉，那就是温暖的阳光和青春的活力，但是你不太可能准确地记得你每天都做了些什么。）可知，抽象感是看不见、摸不着的。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“The reason why experiences improve with time may be because it is possible to think about experiences in a more abstract manner than possessions”（经验之所以会随着时间的推移而改善，可能是因为我们可以用一种比拥有更抽象的方式来思考经验）可知如果你应该在购物前去体验店体验一下，由此可知，如果你想在物质消费之前先体验精神消费，那么应该先看电影再去商店购物。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子“It’s well established that social comparisons can have a huge effect on how we view what might seem like positive events. One striking example is the finding that people prefer to earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000, instead of earning $100,000 themselves and having other people earn $200,000.”（ 众所周知，社会比较对我们如何看待看似积极的事件有着巨大的影响。一个引人注目的例子是，人们宁愿年收入5万美元，而其他人年收入2.5万美元，而不是自己赚10万美元，让其他人赚20万美元。）可知，文章提到收入是为了证明人们是怎么感觉满足的。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第一句话“Purchasing may have a negative impact on happiness because consumers often buy “joyless” material possessions, resulting in comfort but not pleasure”（购买可能会对幸福感产生负面影响，因为消费者经常购买“不快乐”的物质财产，导致舒适而非快乐。）可推知，人们在购买物品后可能会后悔自己的决定。故选C。
D
Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn’t matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
12. What is the major function of paragraph 1
A. To arouse the reader’s concern.
B. To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
C. To summarize the whole passage.
D. To state how climate changes.
13. What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes
A. To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
B. To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C. To show the damage earthquakes caused.
D. To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
14. Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes’ effects
A. Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
B. It could lead to the spread of diseases.
C. Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.
D. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
15. What can be inferred from the Passage
A. Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B. There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C. The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D. The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. (根据新的分析，我们正在迅速接近重大气候变化，对社会和环境的影响可能相当严重。)”可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake. (地球本身已经显示出变化的迹象。2004年，一场大地震引发的严重海啸在苏门答腊岛造成数千人死亡，2008年，中国又发生了一场强烈地震，造成数千人死亡。埃及在2009年遭受了一次大地震，海地在2010年又遭受了一次大地震。)”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. (地理学家预测，在未来80年内，目前的世界气候带可能会发生变化，有些可能会完全消失。)”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项错误；根据第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. (像这样的气候变化可能会导致疾病的传播。)”可知，B项正确；根据第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear. (如果变化来得太快，动植物物种可能无法足够快地适应，可能会消失。)”可知，A项正确；根据倒数第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious. (自然灾害日益频繁和严重。)”可知，D项正确。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. (然而，其他星球和我们一样也在经历全球变暖，一些科学家认为这之间可能存在某种联系。)”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
From Mozart to pop music, tons of people enjoy listening to different types of music while they paint, write or draw. Many believe that music helps improve creativity. But an international study by a group of psychologists is challenging that viewpoint. ____16____
To come to their conclusions, researchers had participants complete verbal (文字的) problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room. ____17____ They found that background music significantly hurt the participants’ ability to complete tasks associated with verbal creativity.
The tasks were simple word games. ____18____ Then, they were asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word. Participants completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or while exposed to three different types of music: music with unfamiliar lines, instrumental music, or music with familiar lines.
Dr. Melatchie and his colleagues conclude that music interferes with (干扰) the verbal working memory of the brain. ____19____ However, some may argue that the library background noises have seemingly no effect. The researchers explain that is because library noises create an environment of steady state that doesn’t interrupt concentration.
“____20____ Instead, they demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of its content, consistently interrupts creative performance in insight problem solving,” the study reads.
A. And this in turn holds back creativity.
B. It has something to do with the positive reaction.
C. They say that their findings indicate music actually blocks creativity.
D. Then again, they were tested while music was played in the background.
E. Before the experiment, the participants didn’t study the music they would listen.
F. For example, participants were given three words, such as dress, dial, and flower.
G. To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music builds up creativity.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究：音乐会干扰人们解决问题时的创造性。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Many believe that music helps improve creativity. But an international study by a group of psychologists is challenging that viewpoint. (许多人认为音乐有助于提高创造力。但一群心理学家的一项国际研究正在挑战这一观点。)”可知，许多心理学家质疑音乐能提高创造力。C项“They say that their findings indicate music actually blocks creativity. (他们说，他们的发现表明音乐实际上阻碍了创造力。)”说明心理学家发现音乐阻碍创造力，与上文内容一致，故选C项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“To come to their conclusions, researchers had participants complete verbal (文字的) problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room. (为了得出结论，研究人员让参与者坐在一个安静的房间里，完成书面问题，旨在激发创造力。)”及下文“They found that background music significantly hurt the participants’ ability to complete tasks associated with verbal creativity. (他们发现，背景音乐会严重损害参与者完成与语言创造力相关的任务的能力。)”可知，经过实验可知，音乐会严重破坏创造力。D项“Then again, they were tested while music was played in the background. (然后，当音乐在后台播放时，它们再次进行了测试。)”本句承接上文继续研究的过程，并引起研究的结果，故选D项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Then, they were asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word. (然后，他们被要求找到一个与三个单词都相关的单词，可以组合成一个共同的短语或单词。)”可知，此处介绍任务的具体内容。F项“For example, participants were given three words, such as dress, dial, and flower. (例如，给参与者三个词，如连衣裙，罗盘和花。)”与下文的“three”内容一致，指“dress, dial, and flower”，故选F项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Dr. Melatchie and his colleagues conclude that music interferes with (干扰) the verbal working memory of the brain. (Melatchie博士和他的同事们得出结论，音乐会干扰大脑的文字工作记忆。)”可知，音乐会干扰大脑。A项“And this in turn holds back creativity. (这反过来又阻碍了创造力。)”说明音乐会影响创造力，承接上文，进一步说明音乐对创造力的影响，故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Instead, they demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of its content, consistently interrupts creative performance in insight problem solving,” the study reads. (相反，他们证明了无论其内容是否存在，音乐都会在洞察问题解决中不断阻碍创造性的表现。)”可知，音乐会阻碍创造性的表现。G项“To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music builds up creativity. (总而言之，研究人员的这些发现挑战了流行音乐可以培养创造力的流行观点。)”可知研究人员否定了音乐可以培养创造力的观点，与下文内容一致，故选G项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I started playing field hockey(曲棍球) when I was in seventh grade. Going into middle school, I knew I wanted to___21___ a sport, since I loved being on a team with friends. ___22___ together after class, driving to other schools to___23___ and just having an overall sense of unity were all ___24___of playing a team sport that I knew I couldn't ___25___ get.
To be honest, before spring of the seventh grade, I ___26___ even knew what field hockey was. The only thing I knew was that my friends thought it sounded cool. I don't really know what ___27___my friends to field hockey. Maybe it's because it's mainly a women's sport, ___28___ maybe it's because the ___29___ is a really nice English teacher. Even though I chose it on a whim(一时兴起), I'm really glad I decided to ___30___ it.
I am certainly not a field hockey prodigy (天才) or anything like that, but it honestly adds to my ___31___. Yes, it leaves me with my legs ___32___ and my arms drooping heavily, but this pain doesn't compare to the feeling of happiness that comes ___33___ playing. When you're running with a wooden ___34___ in your hand, chasing a white ball, there's no need to worry about anything. It offers an amazing way to be free from the ___35___ and hardships of school.
21. A. take up B. carry on C. give up D. pass on
22. A. Hiking B. Getting C. Practising D. Performing
23. A. cooperate B. compete C. integrate D. suspend
24. A. details B. options C. ratings D. meanings
25. A. otherwise B. however C. originally D. frequently
26. A. precisely B. barely C. merely D. undoubtedly
27. A. intended B. attracted C. forced D. urged
28. A. and B. while C. or D. but
29. A. professional B. opponent C. partner D. coach
30. A. stick with B. buy into C. react with D. act on
31. A. confidence B. strength C. well-being D. figure
32. A. aching B. broken C. swollen D. trembling
33. A. beyond B. across C. at D. with
34. A. bat B. tool C. item D. stick
35. A. routine B. stress C. punishment D. competition
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从一开始为了和朋友在一个团队里参与曲棍球，到后来从这项运动中体会到了幸福。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：进入中学，我知道我想从事一项运动，因为我喜欢和朋友们在一个团队里。A. take up开始从事；B. carry on继续；C. give up放弃；D. pass on去世。根据后文“since I loved being on a team with friends”可知，作者为了和朋友们在一起，想从事一项运动。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下课后一起练习，开车去其他学校比赛，还有整体的团结感，这些都是我所知道的团队运动的意义所在，否则我是无法体会到的。A. Hiking徒步；B. Getting得到；C. Practising练习；D. Performing表演。根据后文“just having an overall sense of unity”以及常识，从事运动需要一起练习。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下课后一起练习，开车去其他学校比赛，还有整体的团结感，这些都是我所知道的团队运动的意义所在，否则我是无法体会到的。A. cooperate合作；B. compete比赛；C. integrate合并；D. suspend暂停。根据上文“driving to other schools to”以及常识，从事运动需要参加比赛。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：下课后一起练习，开车去其他学校比赛，还有整体的团结感，这些都是我所知道的团队运动的意义所在，否则我是无法体会到的。A. details细节；B. options选择；C. ratings评级；D. meanings意义。根据后文“of playing a team sport”以及上文提到的课后一起练习，开车去其他学校参加比赛以及团结感是参加团队运动的意义。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：下课后一起练习，开车去其他学校比赛，还有整体的团结感，这些都是我所知道的团队运动的意义所在，否则我是无法体会到的。A. otherwise否则；B. however然而；C. originally起初；D. frequently频繁地。根据上文可知，一起练习、参加比赛以及团结感是团队运动才有的，否则是无法获得的。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：说实话，在七年级开始之前，我几乎不知道曲棍球是什么。A. precisely精确地；B. barely勉强；C. merely仅仅；D. undoubtedly肯定。根据后文“The only thing I knew was that my friends thought it sounded cool.(我只知道我的朋友们觉得这听起来很酷)”可知，作者并不了解曲棍球，只是觉得听起来酷。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真不知道是什么吸引了我的朋友们来打曲棍球。A. intended打算；B. attracted吸引；C. forced迫使；D. urged粗催。根据后文“my friends to field hockey”以及上文“since I loved being on a team with friends”可知，此处指朋友被这项运动吸引，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：可能是因为这主要是一项女子运动，或者是因为教练是一位非常好的英语老师。A. and并且；B. while当……时候；C. or或者；D. but但是。此处表示选择关系，是作者在推测原因，or表示“或者”符合语境。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能是因为这主要是一项女子运动，或者是因为教练是一位非常好的英语老师。A. professional专业人员；B. opponent对手；C. partner伙伴；D. coach教练。根据后文“is a really nice English teacher”可知，指曲棍球运动的教练是英语老师。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管我一时兴起选择了它，但我真的很高兴我决定坚持下去。A. stick with坚持；B. buy into买进；C. react with与……发生反应；D. act on行动。根据上文“I’m really glad I decided to”以及even though引导让步状语从句，说明作者坚持了下去。故选A。
31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我当然不是曲棍球神童或诸如此类的东西，但它确实增加了我的幸福感。A. confidence自信；B. strength力量；C. well-being幸福；D. figure数字。呼应后文“the feeling of happiness”指作者从中得到了幸福感。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，它让我的腿疼痛，我的手臂下垂，但这种疼痛无法与比赛带来的幸福感相比。A. aching疼痛的；B. broken破碎的；C. swollen肿胀的；D. trembling颤抖的。根据后文“this pain”指参与运动让腿疼痛。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：是的，它让我的腿疼痛，我的手臂下垂，但这种疼痛无法与比赛带来的幸福感相比。A. beyond超越；B. across穿过；C. at在；D. with和。根据上文“the feeling of happiness that comes”指运动伴随着幸福感，短语come with表示“附带，随同出现”。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你拿着一根木棍跑着，追逐着一个白球时，你不需要担心任何事情。A. bat球拍；B. tool工具；C. item物品；D. stick棍子。根据上文“my friends to field hockey”可知，曲棍球需要拿着木棍追球。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提供了一种奇妙的方式来摆脱学校的压力和艰辛。A. routine惯例；B. stress压力；C. punishment惩罚；D. competition比赛。根据后文“and hardships of school”指曲棍球让作者摆脱了学校的压力和艰辛。故选B。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have contributed to the global effort ____36____ captured the world’s first image of Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, according to the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one of the ____37____(participate) in the project.
Experts believe the image of Sagittarius A will help people better understand the extreme celestial objects ____38____(call)black holes and the evolution of our galaxy.
Sagittarius A ____39____(locate) about 27,000 light years away from our solar system. It has ____40____ estimated mass of more than 4 million times that of the sun. It’s about 24 million kilometers ____41____ diameter(直径).
The black hole is now mostly dormant and only ____42____(occasional) absorbs nearby gas or dust, but it holds many mysteries that ____43____(puzzle) scientists for decades, such as its birth and growth.
Black holes typically form when the nuclear fusion of a very massive star fizzles out ____44____ it collapses upon itself into a super dense celestial object.
The Event Horizon Telescope held a news conference on Thursday _____45_____(present) the mug shot of the behemoth lurking behind the clouds of dust and gas that surround the center of our home galaxy.
【答案】36. that##which
37. participants
38. called 39. is located
40. an 41. in
42. occasionally
43. have puzzled
44. and 45. to present
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑洞人马座A。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据参与该项目的中国科学院上海天文台表示，中国科学家为全球首次捕捉到银河系中心超大质量黑洞人马座A的图像做出了贡献。分析句子结构可知，此处位于名词之后，为定语从句，修饰名词“effort”；从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或者which引导限制性定语从句。故填that或者which。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：据参与该项目的中国科学院上海天文台表示，中国科学家为全球首次捕捉到银河系中心超大质量黑洞人马座A的图像做出了贡献。one of后跟可数名词的复数形式。故填participants。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：专家认为，人马座A的图像将帮助人们更好地了解被称为黑洞的极端天体和我们的星系的演化。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词。非谓语动词call与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。
【39题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：人马座A距离我们的太阳系约27000光年。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入谓语动词。locate坐落于，表示某地坐落于通常为be located；本文为描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为单数。故填 is located。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据估计，它的质量是太阳的400多万倍。分析句子结构可知，此处位于名词前修饰名词，a mass of译为“大量”，mass前有estimated修饰，且是元音音素开通，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：它的直径约为2400万公里。此处指的是直径的长度；表示在“……方面”的长度用in。故填in。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：这个黑洞现在大部分时间处于休眠状态，只偶尔吸收附近的气体或尘埃，但它还有许多困扰了科学家几十年的谜，比如它的诞生和成长。分析句子结构可知，此处位于动词之前，修饰动词，因此需要填入副词。故填occasionally。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：这个黑洞现在大部分时间处于休眠状态，只偶尔吸收附近的气体或尘埃，但它还有许多困扰了科学家几十年的谜，比如它的诞生和成长。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，根据时间状语for decades可知，此处需要用现在完成时，主语为复数。故填have puzzled。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：黑洞通常是在一个大质量恒星的核聚变结束，坍缩成一个密度超高的天体时形成的。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词。根据句意可知，空格后的句子与主句为并列关系。故填and。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：事件视界望远镜周四举行了一场新闻发布会，展示了这只潜伏在我们母星系中心周围的尘埃和气体云后面的庞然大物的面部照片。分析句子结构，可知句子已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词；此处表示目的，所以用不定式。故填to present。
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，某英文报社即将举行一次与航空航天相关的夏令营，正在征求活动方案。请你就此用英文给该报社写一封电子邮件表达你的兴趣及你对活动方案的设计。
注意:
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：航空航天 aerospace
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Sir,
I am glad to hear that a summer camp about aerospace will be held. It attracts me a lot, and I sincerely hope that I can participate in.
Here are my ideas for the camp. First, there should be some time to enjoy and admire true spaceships or rockets that have been used or will be used, which can increase our interest. Then I hope you can invite some astronauts to share their experience with us. Besides, I hope we can have the chance to experience it in the experimental situation. And it will be better if we can be taught to make some aircraft models and take them as gifts for family and friends.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。某英文报社即将举行一次与航空航天相关的夏令营，正在征求活动方案，要求考生用英文给报社写一封电子邮件表达自己的兴趣及对活动方案的设计
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的、兴奋的：glad → delighted
参加：participate in → take part in
提高兴趣：increase one’s interest → raise one’s interest
希望：hope → wish
2.句式拓展
简单句变部分倒装
原句：Then I hope you can invite some astronauts to share their experience with us. Besides, I hope we can have the chance to experience it in the experimental situation.
拓展句：Secondly, not only do I hope you can invite some astronauts to share their experience with us, but I also hope we can have the chance to experience it in the experimental situation.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, there should be some time to enjoy and admire true spaceships or rockets that have been used or will be used, which can increase our interest.(运用了there be句型和that引导的限制性定语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】And it will be better if we can be taught to make some aircraft models and take them as gifts for family and friends.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句和并列结构)
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mum and Her Bank Account
My family had the tradition to sit down by the kitchen table every Saturday night to count out the money Dad had brought home.
These are for the rent, and these for the groceries. “ Mum counted out and divided the big silver pieces.
I’ll need a notebook, “ That would be my sister Christine, my brother Nels or me.
After Mum put one or two coins to the side for the notebook, she said that was all we needed to buy for the week and we all relaxed a little. We didn’t have to go downtown and draw money out of Mum’s bank account, which could always give us such a warm and secure feeling for having enough to afford the life.
When Nels graduated from grammar school , he needed some money for high school We sat by the table and I offered my “ Little Bank” which was used for sudden emergencies such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to see a doctor. I laid the box carefully in front of Mum. After counting out the money in the little bank and finding there was not enough, we all agreed not to go to the bank but to find some ways.
Nels volunteered to work in Dillon’s grocery after school and Dad said he would give up smoking. Now there was enough money. We felt relieved.
So many things came out of the little bank that year: Christine’s dress for the school play, Nel’s operation ... Whatever happened , we always knew we still had the bank to depend on. We never used her bank account.
That was twenty years ago.
Last year, I sold my first story. When the money came I thought of Mum’s bank account.
注意 1.续写词数应为120左右:
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So I hurried over to Mum’s home.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Knowing that there was no bank account at all, I felt shocked.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】So I hurried over to her home. On arriving, I gave the money to Mum and asked her to save it in the bank. Mum said she was very proud of me and asked me to go with her, because she didn’t know how. I asked how she had done that before. She said actually there was no bank account at all in all her life and she had never been to a bank before.
Knowing that there was no bank account at all, I felt shocked. I just didn’t know how to respond. Mum said seriously that it was not good for the kids to worry about life and she didn’t want us not to feel secure. My tears just burst and stories of these years jumped into my mind one by one...I got to feel how deep the love Mum had been giving us.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。文章讲述了作者妈妈的“银行账户”给作者一家人的生活带来安全感。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，作者的妈妈告诉家人她在银行里有一个账户，急需用钱时可以去银行取，让孩子们不要为生活担心。而全家人在面对生活中钱不够用的情况时，并没有动用银行里的钱，而是齐心协力找到了解决的办法。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：所以我赶紧去了妈妈家。后文应该续写我去妈妈家做什么。通过文章内容可知，我赚到了一笔钱，想起了妈妈的银行账户，我应该是去把钱交给妈妈，让她存到银行账户里。第二段开头是：知道根本没有银行账户，我感到震惊。本段应该为什么妈妈明明没有银行账户，而她却说有呢？此处可以联系文章，妈妈应该是不想让家人为生活担心，才虚拟了一个银行账户，这是妈妈对家人爱的表现。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：be proud of, actually, seriously等高级词汇和短语；文章恰当的使用了宾语从句，如Mum said she was very proud of me and asked me to go with her.和She said actually there was no bank account at all in all her life and she had never been to a bank before.，使文章表达更加地道。
听力1~5 BCBCA 6~10 CAABB 11~15 ACABC 16~20 BAABB
