2024年人教版初一英语寒假教材第一讲名词学案（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第一讲 名词的用法
一、名词的定义：人、事物、抽象概念的名称。
二、名词的分类
类别 意义 例词
专有名词 表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名词 Lu Xun, China,Changsha,WTO…
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示一类人或物的个体 apple, pencil,doctor,teacher
集体名词 表示一群人或一类物的集合体 people, family,team, class
不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的实物 air, sand,water, rain
抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 peace, friendship,happiness
三、名词的数
名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。
单数变复数的规则
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加s map-maps / bag-bags / car-_________
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y 为i，再加es baby-babies / family-__________
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 直接加es bus-buses / watch-_________
以f或fe结尾 变f或fe为ves wife-wives / knife-_________
部分以o结尾的有生命名词 加es hero-heroes / tomato-_________
【注】① ch读/k/时，其复数形式应加s，如stomachs（胃，腹部）
② 常见的以o结尾要加es的有如下几个：hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango，可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。
③ 以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下：
妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得着发了慌，躲进架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。
不规则复数形式
构成方法 例词
a变e man-men, woman-_________, policeman-___________, Frenchman-______
oo变ee tooth-teeth, foot-_________, goose-_________
ouse变为ice mouse-mice, louse-_________
词尾加ren child-children
单复数同形 Fish,deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese
【注】① man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher – men teachers，woman doctor - ________________；
② 不规则复数形式的记忆口诀：
男女警察英法人，都是将man变成men。脚、牙oo变ee，child加上ren。
鱼鹿绵羊是一家，单变复时不变化。
趁热打铁找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：
In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please ” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”
3.“某国人”的复数形式 “中日不变英法变，其余s加后边”
国家名 国籍 单数 复数
Australia an Australian two Australians
Russia a Russian two Russians
Italy an Italian two Italians
Greece a Greek two Greeks
America an American two Americans
India an Indian two Indians
Canada a Canadian two Canadians
Germany a Germans two Germans
一．写出下列名词的复数形式。
1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________
4.dog__________ 5.dish__________ 6.child__________
二．找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：
homework ______ half ______ advice______ money______
knowledge _____music ______ chicken ________ mouth ______ bread _______
information ______ milk _____ cow _______ orange ________ water ________
4.
可数名词与不可数名词的概数表达
只能修饰可数名词 few, a few, quite a few, many, too many, a (large) number of.
只能修饰不可数名词 little, a little, quite a little, much, too much,
可数名词与不可数名词皆可修饰 some, any, lots of, a lot of , plenty of, two hundred/thousand/million, hundreds/thousands/millions of, a/an/基数词+量词（s）+of
阅读练习 A Talk on Dolphins(海豚)
Dolphins live in the water. but they’re not fish. When they swim,they often jump out of the water. Dolphins are very friendly to people. Would you like to come to the talk on Friday Call Mr .Lu at. 010-82214824.
23. There is a talk about dolphins on .
A .Friday B. Saturday C. Sunday
If you want to listen to the talk. you can call Mr Lu at .
A.010-81124824 B.010-82212448 C.010-82214824
25. What can you learn about dolphins
A. They are friendly to people
B. They are a special kind of fish
C. They don’t jump out of the water
三、完型填空：
Hi, my name is Eric. My 1 name is Li Mobai. I am an English boy. I 2 in China with my parents now. I’m tall and strong. I have short brown hair.
Now, I 3 in No. 1 Middle School in Shanghai. I am in Class1, Grade7. I’m the class monitor. I can 4 Chinese very well. I 5 maths and music, too. I’m a member of the Music Club. I like 6 Chinese songs. Zhang Jie is my favourite star. I like sports very much. At weekends, I often play 7 table tennis and basketball with my parents. 8 we go swimming.
I have many good friends at school. I often 9 them study English after school. So they think I’m a(n) 10 boy. They all like me very much.
Do you like me Do you want to make friends with me
A. English B. Chinese C. given
2. A. like B. enjoy C. live
3. A. work B. study C. play
4. A. speak B. talk C. say
5. A. am good at B. are good at C. am bad for
6. A. dancing B. listening C. singing
7. A. / B. a C. the
8. A. Never B. Always C. Sometimes
9. A. know B. help C. meet
10. A. important B. kind C. special
翻译：
Summer vacation is coming. Do you want to visit some famous places If you want to take a trip on your holiday, you must be ready for it.
First, it is good for you to go with some friends. 1.Because friends can share the fun with you.
Second, you should know about the place you want to go. 2.知道那里的天气是重要的。You should take a map with you so that you may not get lost.
Last, you should be careful. You should only drink safe water. If your trip is in the summer, you should drink lots of safe water. 3.You also need to wear a hat and a pair of sunglasses. And you shouldn't stay in the sun too long. 4.不要去危险的地方。
Safety comes first. If you like to swim, remember not to swim alone.5.Wish you to have a good trip!
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
参考答案
23-25 ACA
1-5 BCBAA
6-10 CACBB
1.因为朋友可以和你分享乐趣
2. It is important to know about the weather there.
3.你也需要戴一个帽子和一副太阳镜。
4.Don’t go to dangerous places.
5.祝您旅途愉快。
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