-2024届高三英语二轮复习高考复习之长难句分析课件(共30张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | -2024届高三英语二轮复习高考复习之长难句分析课件(共30张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-19 18:19:55 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共30张PPT)
长难句分析
删繁就简 追本溯源
How can we understand a long and complex sentence
1. 划出句子主干 trunk ( S+V) 谓语动词有什么特点
2. 括起修饰成分 （leaves） 拨开枝叶减少干扰
3. 圈出句中连词 branches 根据连词确定从句类型
4. 理顺逻辑读懂句意 注意英汉差异：后置定语
理清句子主干和附属成分之间逻辑关系
高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
1.We often say that there are no places left on the earth
where the foot of man has not trodden.
tread -trod-trodden v.踩，踏
(where引导定语从句， 其先行词是no places, 过去分词短语left on the earth也修饰no places。)
我们常说地球上没有地方是绝无人迹的。
Students who end up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadn’t gone to college at all.
主语是students, 谓语是are likely to find, who引导的是一个定语从句，修饰students，because of 是定从中的一个原因状语，they might have...也是一个定从，用来修饰jobs,if是一个条件状从。
那些因为在管理工作和学习有困难而以辍学结束的学生很可能发现他们自己被困在一些如果他们没有上大学也能找到的工作中。
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.
one-off a.一次性的
未来，该团队希望开发出一种技术，可以一次性（操作）喷洒在植物叶片上，使植物终生受益。
3. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
score n.乐谱
他的工作是坐在钢琴家一旁为他/她翻曲谱，这样钢琴家就不用亲自翻谱子，也就避免了音乐中断。
4. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures the land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
duck stamp :鸭票一种联邦候鸟狩猎邮票，要求16岁以上的野禽猎人在狩猎许可证上贴上该邮票，并通过销售邮票筹集资金用于保护候鸟（例如购买保护区域）的邮票。
the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund ：候鸟保护基金
for inclusion into :以便纳入
the National Wildlife Refuge System：国家野生动物保护系统
这个句子很长，但我们只要抓住主干：...goes into...to purchase ...for..., 就很容易理解这个句子了。to purchase...for...作目的状语。后面的a fact解释说明前面的情况，that为fact的定语从句，that在其中作主语。
[翻译] 购买美国鸭票的每一美元中的98美分都直接进入候鸟保护基金，用来购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，以便纳入国家野生动物保护系统，这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护，并为子孙后代提供可利用的资源。
4. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures the land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
5. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
publicity: 宣传 n. overall: a.整体的
Although 引导让步状语从句，介词短语regarding emotional intelligence作定语，修饰主语popular__beliefs ，谓语是run，what引导的为ahead of 的宾语从句。主句为主系表结构，其中主语为：the overall effects of the publicity。
[翻译] 虽然关于情商的大众化观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。
Having grown up in northern Arizona with the immortal Grand Canyon and the iron red plateaus of Sedona in my backyard, I believed that the southwestern state is home to the most beautiful landscapes on the planet. Towering mountain titans, a cozy valley and an infinite blue sky promised fantastic potential for exploration.
Arizona：亚利桑那州
immortal： a.不朽的；流芳百世的 n.不朽人物；神仙
Grand Canyon 美国大峡谷 plateaus of Sedona 赛多纳高原
towering a. 高耸的 infinite a. 无限的；无边无际的
promise v. 承诺；有......可能
我在亚利桑那州北部长大，后院有不朽的大峡谷和铁红色的赛多那高原，我相信这个西南部的州拥有地球上最美丽的风景。高耸的巨山，舒适的山谷和无边无际的蓝天为探索提供了巨大的潜力。
Having grown up in northern Arizona with the immortal Grand Canyon and the iron red plateaus of Sedona in my backyard, I believed that the southwestern state is home to the most beautiful landscapes on the planet. Towering mountain titans, a cozy valley and an infinite blue sky promised fantastic potential for exploration.
The recent reports of a 4-year-old girl on a Shanghai beach have gone viral on social media platforms, provoking debate about whether China should criminalize negligence in child supervision.
go viral:迅速传播 provoke： v.引起，引发
negligence n.疏忽；失误 supervision:监督，监管
最近关于上海海滩一名4岁的女孩的报道在社交媒体平台上疯传，引发了关于中国是否应该将儿童监管疏忽定为刑事犯罪的争论。
However, downsides of introducing such legislation may also emerge. For instance, it’s difficult to distinguish between a regrettable accident and criminal negligence, so that over-criminalization can be triggered, in which well-meaning parents making honest mistakes are charged with a crime.
downside :缺点，不利方面 ----upside n.
legislation: n.法律；法规
over-criminalization:过度刑事化
trigger: v.发动，触发
然而，引入此类立法的弊端也可能出现。例如， 很难区分令人遗憾的事故和刑事疏忽，因此可能会引发过度刑事化，在这种情况下，坦诚错误的善意的父母就会被指控犯罪。
However, downsides of introducing such legislation may also emerge. For instance, it’s difficult to distinguish between a regrettable accident and criminal negligence, so that over-criminalization can be triggered, in which well-meaning parents making honest mistakes are charged with a crime.
6. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
labor unions:工会 contractors：承包商
本句为so...that...结构，that引导结果状语从句。limiting the number of hours...为现在分词短语，作struck的伴随状语。that independent contractors can be on call为hours的定语从句。
[翻译] 法国人对他们每周35小时的工作日如此认真，以至于一些工会最近和一些公司达成协议，限制独立承包商随时待命的时间。
7. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plan beyond listening to my favorite records.
spring break :春假
本句含有多个从句，that 引导的为主语从句，it 为形式主语。for which引导的定语从句修饰break。beyond为介词，后跟动名词短语listening to my favorite records作宾语。
[翻译] 春假时，我除了听我最爱听的唱片外没有别的计划，碰巧市里的这家工厂需要八个孩子做临时工作。
8. (2021·全国甲卷)The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
calf n.幼崽--calves(pl) rhino :犀牛
这头可爱的雌性小犀牛是今年在保护区出生的第二头黑犀牛，但是现在说这些小犀牛是否能很好地被送回野生保护区还为时过早。
9. （2008上海卷阅读C）The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
forward-planning:
年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。
10. Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketd in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. (2011年陕西卷 阅读D)
market: v. 推销；促销
自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
11. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. (2011年重庆卷 阅读C)
merit: n 价值，优点 long-lived:
尽管相信灰尘有价值的观点久已存在，但从18世纪起人们就不再把灰尘当作好伙伴了。
12. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. (2012年江西卷阅读D)
plain: n 平原 sweep: v. 扫过；掠过
乘火车旅行也有其独特的魅力。湖泊、森林、原始而又广袤的平原打你的车窗前扫过，这些都创造了伟大的风景，在这样的景致中，时间和距离都失去了意义。
13. Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day! （2011年江苏卷 阅读D）
Shay 在那一年的冬天死了，没有活到第二年的夏天，他永远也忘不掉自己当英雄以及让自己的爸爸如此高兴，跑回家看到含泪的妈妈抱住这个小英雄的场景。
14. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. (2011年福建卷 阅读A)
把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。
15. Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.
millennium: 一千年，千年 by the turn of the millennium:世纪之交
embed:v. （使）嵌入；把...嵌入；使（思想，态度）扎根
本句是not only...but (also)引导的部分倒装结构。but 后面的by the turn of the millennium是时间状语，后面的[accessed by billions of people evrey day]是过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的system。翻译的时候要调整语序放前面。
他们不仅发明了这样一台设备，而且还在世纪之交成功的将其嵌入了一个每天都有数十亿用户访问的全球系统中。
16. Therefore, Chinese is packed with great meaning and wisdom. It is not only a code or a tool, but a language that gives light and guidance when received in a proper way.
be packed with 挤满；充满
因此，汉语充满了伟大的意义和智慧。它不仅是一种代码或工具，而且是一种语言，当以适当的方式接受时，它可以提供光明和指导。
17. One of the most exciting developments in AI is ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model. ChatGPT has the potential to innovate the way we communicate and process information, and its capabilities are only beginning to be understood.
innovate v.创新
capability： n. 能力； 功能，性能
人工智能领域最令人兴奋的发展之一是ChatGPT，一种人工智能语言模型。ChatGPT有潜力革新我们沟通和处理信息的方式，它的能力才刚刚开始被理解。
18. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
spatial / spacial a.空间的；与空间有关的
（补充：space ---spatial/ sapcious a.宽敞的）
puzzle play 拼图游戏
但是，男孩倾向于比女孩玩更多的复杂拼图，而且男孩的家长比女孩的家长提供了更多的空间语言，而且在拼图游戏过程中更加积极。
19. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
研究人员分析了53组儿童和父母家庭日常活动的视频记录，他们发现在26至46个月时玩拼图的儿童，在54个月接受评估时，具有更好的空间技能。
20. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source – such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway – a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
lighting :照明 （注意： “lightning 闪电”）
power source 电力/能量来源（electric power 电力 nuclear power 核能）
transmission 传输
由于照明通常远离电源——例如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会有许多能量损耗。
长难句分析
删繁就简 追本溯源
How can we understand a long and complex sentence
1. 划出句子主干 trunk ( S+V) 谓语动词有什么特点
2. 括起修饰成分 （leaves） 拨开枝叶减少干扰
3. 圈出句中连词 branches 根据连词确定从句类型
4. 理顺逻辑读懂句意 注意英汉差异：后置定语
理清句子主干和附属成分之间逻辑关系
高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
1.We often say that there are no places left on the earth
where the foot of man has not trodden.
tread -trod-trodden v.踩，踏
(where引导定语从句， 其先行词是no places, 过去分词短语left on the earth也修饰no places。)
我们常说地球上没有地方是绝无人迹的。
Students who end up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadn’t gone to college at all.
主语是students, 谓语是are likely to find, who引导的是一个定语从句，修饰students，because of 是定从中的一个原因状语，they might have...也是一个定从，用来修饰jobs,if是一个条件状从。
那些因为在管理工作和学习有困难而以辍学结束的学生很可能发现他们自己被困在一些如果他们没有上大学也能找到的工作中。
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.
one-off a.一次性的
未来，该团队希望开发出一种技术，可以一次性（操作）喷洒在植物叶片上，使植物终生受益。
3. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
score n.乐谱
他的工作是坐在钢琴家一旁为他/她翻曲谱，这样钢琴家就不用亲自翻谱子，也就避免了音乐中断。
4. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures the land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
duck stamp :鸭票一种联邦候鸟狩猎邮票，要求16岁以上的野禽猎人在狩猎许可证上贴上该邮票，并通过销售邮票筹集资金用于保护候鸟（例如购买保护区域）的邮票。
the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund ：候鸟保护基金
for inclusion into :以便纳入
the National Wildlife Refuge System：国家野生动物保护系统
这个句子很长，但我们只要抓住主干：...goes into...to purchase ...for..., 就很容易理解这个句子了。to purchase...for...作目的状语。后面的a fact解释说明前面的情况，that为fact的定语从句，that在其中作主语。
[翻译] 购买美国鸭票的每一美元中的98美分都直接进入候鸟保护基金，用来购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，以便纳入国家野生动物保护系统，这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护，并为子孙后代提供可利用的资源。
4. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures the land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
5. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
publicity: 宣传 n. overall: a.整体的
Although 引导让步状语从句，介词短语regarding emotional intelligence作定语，修饰主语popular__beliefs ，谓语是run，what引导的为ahead of 的宾语从句。主句为主系表结构，其中主语为：the overall effects of the publicity。
[翻译] 虽然关于情商的大众化观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。
Having grown up in northern Arizona with the immortal Grand Canyon and the iron red plateaus of Sedona in my backyard, I believed that the southwestern state is home to the most beautiful landscapes on the planet. Towering mountain titans, a cozy valley and an infinite blue sky promised fantastic potential for exploration.
Arizona：亚利桑那州
immortal： a.不朽的；流芳百世的 n.不朽人物；神仙
Grand Canyon 美国大峡谷 plateaus of Sedona 赛多纳高原
towering a. 高耸的 infinite a. 无限的；无边无际的
promise v. 承诺；有......可能
我在亚利桑那州北部长大，后院有不朽的大峡谷和铁红色的赛多那高原，我相信这个西南部的州拥有地球上最美丽的风景。高耸的巨山，舒适的山谷和无边无际的蓝天为探索提供了巨大的潜力。
Having grown up in northern Arizona with the immortal Grand Canyon and the iron red plateaus of Sedona in my backyard, I believed that the southwestern state is home to the most beautiful landscapes on the planet. Towering mountain titans, a cozy valley and an infinite blue sky promised fantastic potential for exploration.
The recent reports of a 4-year-old girl on a Shanghai beach have gone viral on social media platforms, provoking debate about whether China should criminalize negligence in child supervision.
go viral:迅速传播 provoke： v.引起，引发
negligence n.疏忽；失误 supervision:监督，监管
最近关于上海海滩一名4岁的女孩的报道在社交媒体平台上疯传，引发了关于中国是否应该将儿童监管疏忽定为刑事犯罪的争论。
However, downsides of introducing such legislation may also emerge. For instance, it’s difficult to distinguish between a regrettable accident and criminal negligence, so that over-criminalization can be triggered, in which well-meaning parents making honest mistakes are charged with a crime.
downside :缺点，不利方面 ----upside n.
legislation: n.法律；法规
over-criminalization:过度刑事化
trigger: v.发动，触发
然而，引入此类立法的弊端也可能出现。例如， 很难区分令人遗憾的事故和刑事疏忽，因此可能会引发过度刑事化，在这种情况下，坦诚错误的善意的父母就会被指控犯罪。
However, downsides of introducing such legislation may also emerge. For instance, it’s difficult to distinguish between a regrettable accident and criminal negligence, so that over-criminalization can be triggered, in which well-meaning parents making honest mistakes are charged with a crime.
6. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
labor unions:工会 contractors：承包商
本句为so...that...结构，that引导结果状语从句。limiting the number of hours...为现在分词短语，作struck的伴随状语。that independent contractors can be on call为hours的定语从句。
[翻译] 法国人对他们每周35小时的工作日如此认真，以至于一些工会最近和一些公司达成协议，限制独立承包商随时待命的时间。
7. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plan beyond listening to my favorite records.
spring break :春假
本句含有多个从句，that 引导的为主语从句，it 为形式主语。for which引导的定语从句修饰break。beyond为介词，后跟动名词短语listening to my favorite records作宾语。
[翻译] 春假时，我除了听我最爱听的唱片外没有别的计划，碰巧市里的这家工厂需要八个孩子做临时工作。
8. (2021·全国甲卷)The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
calf n.幼崽--calves(pl) rhino :犀牛
这头可爱的雌性小犀牛是今年在保护区出生的第二头黑犀牛，但是现在说这些小犀牛是否能很好地被送回野生保护区还为时过早。
9. （2008上海卷阅读C）The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
forward-planning:
年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。
10. Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketd in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. (2011年陕西卷 阅读D)
market: v. 推销；促销
自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
11. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. (2011年重庆卷 阅读C)
merit: n 价值，优点 long-lived:
尽管相信灰尘有价值的观点久已存在，但从18世纪起人们就不再把灰尘当作好伙伴了。
12. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. (2012年江西卷阅读D)
plain: n 平原 sweep: v. 扫过；掠过
乘火车旅行也有其独特的魅力。湖泊、森林、原始而又广袤的平原打你的车窗前扫过，这些都创造了伟大的风景，在这样的景致中，时间和距离都失去了意义。
13. Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day! （2011年江苏卷 阅读D）
Shay 在那一年的冬天死了，没有活到第二年的夏天，他永远也忘不掉自己当英雄以及让自己的爸爸如此高兴，跑回家看到含泪的妈妈抱住这个小英雄的场景。
14. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. (2011年福建卷 阅读A)
把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。
15. Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.
millennium: 一千年，千年 by the turn of the millennium:世纪之交
embed:v. （使）嵌入；把...嵌入；使（思想，态度）扎根
本句是not only...but (also)引导的部分倒装结构。but 后面的by the turn of the millennium是时间状语，后面的[accessed by billions of people evrey day]是过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的system。翻译的时候要调整语序放前面。
他们不仅发明了这样一台设备，而且还在世纪之交成功的将其嵌入了一个每天都有数十亿用户访问的全球系统中。
16. Therefore, Chinese is packed with great meaning and wisdom. It is not only a code or a tool, but a language that gives light and guidance when received in a proper way.
be packed with 挤满；充满
因此，汉语充满了伟大的意义和智慧。它不仅是一种代码或工具，而且是一种语言，当以适当的方式接受时，它可以提供光明和指导。
17. One of the most exciting developments in AI is ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model. ChatGPT has the potential to innovate the way we communicate and process information, and its capabilities are only beginning to be understood.
innovate v.创新
capability： n. 能力； 功能，性能
人工智能领域最令人兴奋的发展之一是ChatGPT，一种人工智能语言模型。ChatGPT有潜力革新我们沟通和处理信息的方式，它的能力才刚刚开始被理解。
18. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
spatial / spacial a.空间的；与空间有关的
（补充：space ---spatial/ sapcious a.宽敞的）
puzzle play 拼图游戏
但是，男孩倾向于比女孩玩更多的复杂拼图，而且男孩的家长比女孩的家长提供了更多的空间语言，而且在拼图游戏过程中更加积极。
19. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
研究人员分析了53组儿童和父母家庭日常活动的视频记录，他们发现在26至46个月时玩拼图的儿童，在54个月接受评估时，具有更好的空间技能。
20. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source – such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway – a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
lighting :照明 （注意： “lightning 闪电”）
power source 电力/能量来源（electric power 电力 nuclear power 核能）
transmission 传输
由于照明通常远离电源——例如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会有许多能量损耗。