外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Friends Forever Using language Attributive clause 课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clauses
She is the one that you never forget.
见过她你便永远不能忘记。
She is the heaven-sent angel you met.
她就是你所见的天堂派来的天使。
She must be the reason why God made a girl.
她就是上帝制造女孩的原因。
She wins everything that she might do.
只要她愿意她可以得到一切。
定语
定语用来限定、修饰、说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
找出以下句子中定语
This is a beautiful flower.
We love our country.
She is Li Hua’s friend.
The handsome man is my teacher.
修饰名词或代词(先行词)的句子叫定语从句
定语从句通常位于先行词之后
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词
定语从句
1、Li Hua was bitten by a big dog.
李华被一只大狗咬了。
2、李华被一只我买来的狗咬了。
Li Hua was bitten by the dog that I bought.
先行词
关系词
关系词的作用
连接主句和从句
指代先行词
在从句中充当句子成分
Li Hua was bitten by the dog that I bought.
李华被我买来的狗咬了。
The boy is Simon. 这个男孩是Simon
The boy is smiling. 这个男孩正在微笑。
The boy who is smiling is Simon.
正在微笑的这个男孩是Simon。
如何改写成定语从句？
①找出两个简单句的共有成分（先行词）；
②去掉从句中的共有成分；
③把关系词放在先行词之后，引导剩下的从句成分。
(先行词 + 关系词 + 其他）
关系词：关系代词&关系副词
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as
（在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语）
关系副词：when, where, why
（在从句中充当状语）
关系代词
关系代词：
先行词指人：who，whom
先行词指物：which
先行词指人指物均可：that
所属关系：whose
①who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
分解：
The man is not a true man.
The man does not reach the Great Wall.
The man who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
who 指代 ，在从句中充当 .
不到长城非好汉。
the man
主语
①who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
分解：
I was surprised to see the same man .
I had met the same man earlier.
I was surprised to see the same man who I had met earlier.
who 指代 ，在从句中充当 .
我惊讶地发现他就是我之前遇到的那个人。
the same man
宾语
②whom：指人，作宾语 (通常可省略，也可以用who代替)
She is the girl whom I saw yesterday.
whom指代 ，在从句中充当 。
她是我昨天见过的那个女孩。
the girl
宾语
(1) This is a car which I bought last month. (作____)
(2) I love the book which has beautiful pictures. (作____)
③which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
（作宾语时通常可省略）
主语
宾语
④that既可指人，又可物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，
作宾语时通常可省略。
主语
主语
I like the man that can always smile in trouble .
(作____)
指人时可以用who，whom代替。
(2) Yesterday I read a book that was about nature.
(作 ____ )
指物时可以用which代替。
⑤whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，可译为“…的”
I have a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) He lives in a house whose windows face sea.
whose=the house’s
whose=friend’s
Finish the following exercises.
3、Harry is the boy whose mother is a singer.
1、I saw my friend who/that was reading.
4、I wear a dress which/taht is black.
2、My uncle whom/who I like very much got married last month.
5、We are talking about the things and people that we met last night.
如何选择关系词
1. 判断先行词是人还是物
2.看先行词在从句中做什么成分
关系代词常用 that 不用which的情况
1. 先行词为everything, anything, nothing, little, much, all, few, none等不定代词或者被其修饰时。
Everything (that) you have done is helpful to us.
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
That is the first film that was directed by him.
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。
He is the only person that I want to see now.
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时。
We talked about the things and people that we saw yesterday.
5.当主句为以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the man that is standing over there
不用that，用which的情况
引导词前有介词时。 介词后
b. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 逗号后
I will never forget the day on _____I stayed with the farmers.
Shanghai , _____is developing very fast, is famous in the world..
which
which
不用that，用who的情况
先行词是one, ones, anyone, someone, those 等指人的代词时只能用who
Those who listened to him were deeply moved.
听他讲话的人都被深深地感动了。
prep+ whom / which
I still remember the day I visited Beijing.
This is the school I study every day.
This is the fireman my brother was saved.
There is a tall tree, stands our teacher.
on which
in which
to whom
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
under which
易混淆句型
There are two boys in the room, both of are white．
There are two boys in the room, and both of ______ are white．
whom
them
限制性定语从句&非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句：是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，缺失会引起歧义；先行词和从句之间没有逗号隔开；译成汉语时，先译从句的内容，然后加一个汉字“的”，再译先行词。
2. 非限制性定语从句：是先行词的补充说明；先行词和定语从句之间有逗号隔开；译成汉语时，一般从头到尾依次翻译。
They have three children, who are all clever.
他们有三个孩子，都很聪明。
The boy who is singing on the stage is my best friend.
那个正在舞台上唱歌的男孩是我最好的朋友。
非限制性定语从句
1. 关系词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。
A middle-aged man killed his wife, which frightened me very much.
一个中年男人杀害了自己的妻子,这令我十分恐惧。
2. 非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略，且不能用that。
关系副词
关系副词的用法
关系副词 　 指代 在从句中的作用
when
where
why
时间
时间状语
地点
地点状语
原因
原因状语
关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系
关系副词when, where, why可以用介词+which来替代
when=in/on/at/during…+which,
where=in/on/at…+which,
why=for which
I will never forget the day. 我永远不会忘记那天。
We went to the park on the day. 我们在那天去了公园。
I will never forget the day on which we went to the park.
I will never forget the day when we went to the park.
1.This is the room ____________ I visited yesterday.
This is the room_________________ I left the book yesterday.
2.I will remember the days ___________ we spent together.
I will remember the days ______________ we played together.
3.This is the reason____________ I gave to the teacher.
This is the reason _______________ I was late yesterday.
(which/that)
where/in which
(which/that)
when/in which
(which/that)
why/for which
代替一个句子 (正如，正像…那样）
从句可位于主句之前或之后，有时也可作为插入语放在句中，一般用逗号和主句隔开。
As is well known, the Great Wall is in China.
The Great Wall, as is well known, is in China.
He failed in the exam again, as was expected.
As
固定结构
1. as has been said before 如前所述
2. as often happens 正像经常发生的那样
3. as is well known= as is known to all 众所周知
4. as we have expected正如我们预料的那样
5. as has been mentioned above正如上面提到的
6. as we can see 正如大家看到的那样
1.On the 1,100-kilometre journey,the man Cao Shengkang,
　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
(2022年全国甲卷,语法填空)
who
答案及剖析:
1.who　考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,关系词在从句中充当主语。故填who。
2.Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute ofTechnology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics　 　　 are cutting back ontheir air travel because of climate change
(2022年浙江1月卷,语法填空)
who/that
答案及剖析:
2.who/that　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为指代人的academics。故填who/that。
3.I decided that if I learnt of a company 　　　 　 use a lot of plastic,I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.(2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)
which/that
答案及剖析:
3.which/that　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物。故填which/that。
4.Rome can be pricey for travellers,　　　　is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社).
(2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读A)
which
答案及剖析:
4.which　考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词指代前面的全部主句内容,且在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
5.Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one,but he had one particular shining star in his life—his uncle, 　　　　 was a well-known actor.
(2021年浙江6月卷,阅读理解A)
who
答案及剖析:
5.who　考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指人。故填who。
1.The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring 　　　 　 he had lost on the train.
2.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, 　 　　 my classmates recommended to me.
3.At the request of some English learners,he has published a lot of books,one of　　 　　 is about English idioms.
that/which或省略
which
which
4.This is the most beautiful park 　　　　 I have visited.
5.This is the house 　 　　　 windows broke last night.
6.We have found such materials 　　　　 are used in their factory.
7.Anyone 　　　　 upgrades his/her professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
that　
whose
as
who
8.She was sad because their relationship 　　 　　 had lasted for years was unexpectedly unconnected.
9.Dr le is a zoologist,　　　　 studies the sounds of elephants.
10.The number of smokers,　　　　 is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
which/that
who
as
THANKS