2023学年第一学期高三英语期中质量调研卷
（满分140分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A(1’*10=10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A director. B. An actor. C. A writer. D. A translator.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. At home. B. At a bank. C. In a library. D. In a hotel.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. 26. B. 60. C. 70. D. 76.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. On the phone. B. By text. C. Online. D. Face to face.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret.
B. Lucy hasn't got any surprise from Smith.
C. They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.
D. There is no secret between Smith and Lucy.
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Surfing the internet. B. Watching a TV program.
C. Making a new blouse. D. Looking for a fashion site.
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She'd like to reschedule the meeting.
B. She's glad the man waited for her.
C. She wasn't very late for the meeting.
D. She's sorry that she missed the meeting.
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. This afternoon. B. Next week. C. Next month. D. Tomorrow.
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Extreme sports. B. Bungee jumping.
C. Travel insurance. D. Diving safety.
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.
B. The man doesn't need to have his car inspected until next month.
C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.
D. The woman has to wait longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
Section B(1.5’*10=15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. To investigate the mice's reaction to different food.
B. To figure out mice's strongest physical drive.
C. To discover mice's eating and drinking habits.
D. To determine mice's feelings at the sight of food.
12.
A. Social needs. B. Abnormal smells.
C. Hunger. D. Thirst.
13.
A. They tend to be in search of food in groups.
B. They are overweight when food is sufficient.
C. They prefer food to the company of other mice.
D. They'll always be driven away by other animals' scent.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. Trucks undertook all the transportation demands.
B. The railway industry had no strict regulations.
C The damage to products by trains was serious.
D. The railway companies reduced their lines greatly.
15.
A. They used to treat customers with enthusiasm and patience.
B. They still remain indifferent to customers nowadays.
C. They have always been considerate to customers.
D. They are quick to satisfy customers’ needs today.
16.
A. Trains are more environmentally friendly than trucks.
B. Trains can transport more goods than trucks do.
C. Railroading does not wear out highways at all.
D. Trains have an accident rate only half that of trucks.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. 19th-century American literature.
B. The independent life of some American young girls.
C. The hard life people had in the old days on the American frontier.
D. The effort cowboys made to survive 19t-century frontier life.
18.
A. She attempted to escape from the farm.
B. She worked very diligently on the farm.
C. She had to work on the rich people's farm.
D. She was a Spanish immigrant girl.
19.
A. He knew lots of people from the Midwest.
B. He read many novels about the Midwest.
C. He lived in the Midwest throughout his life.
D. He was brought up in the Midwest.
20.
A. Buy the book Main-Travelled Roads in a bookstore.
B. Lend the book Main-Travelled Roads to the woman.
C. Look for Hemlen Garlen's other works in the library.
D. Write a book review on Main-Travelled Roads.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A(1’*10=10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Champagne is a sparkling wine produced from grapes grown in the Champagne region of France ____21____(follow) rules that demand secondary fermentation（发酵）of the wine in the bottle to create carbonation. Some use “Champagne” as a general term for sparkling wine, but it is illegal to officially label any product Champagne ____22____ it both comes from the Champagne region and is produced under the rules of the title.
In France the first sparkling Champagne was created accidentally. Contrary to legend and popular belief, Dom Pérignon did not invent sparkling wine. The oldest____23____(record) sparkling wine is Blanquette de Limoux, ____24____ was apparently invented by Benedictine Monks in the Abbey of Saint-Hilaire in 1531. Over a century later, the English scientist and physician Christopher Merret documented the addition of sugar____25____ a finished wine to create a second fermentation.
The pressure in the Champagne bottle led it to be called “the devil's wine,” as bottles exploded or corks popped. In 1844 Adolphe Jaquesson invented the muse-let ____26____(prevent) the corks from blowing out. Even when it was deliberately produced as a sparkling wine, Champagne was for a very long time made by the méthode rurale, where the wine was bottled before the initial fermentation had finished. Champagne did not use the méthode champenoise____27____ the 19th century, about 200 years after Merret documented the process. Méthode champenoise is the traditional method by which Champagne is produced. After primary fermentation and bottling, a second alcoholic fermentation occurs in the bottle. This second fermentation is caused by adding several grams of yeast and rock sugar to the bottle --- although each brand has ____28____ own secret recipe. Usually a minimum of 1.5 years is required to completely develop the full flavor.
The 19th century ____29____(see) a fast growth in Champagne production, going from a regional production of 300,000 bottles a year in 1800 to 20 million bottles in 1850. In 2007, Champagne sales hit _____30_____ all-time record of 338.7 million bottles.
Section B(1’*10=10’)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. qualities B. continued C. bodies D. essential E. transformations F. described G. geological H. shaped I. estimated J. cultivated K. evolved
For the first time, scientists have mapped the whole surface of Titan, the largest moon around Saturn. The map confirms existing data showing that Titan has many Earth-like ____31____ that might be able to support life.
The data was collected by Cassini, a spacecraft operated by the U.S. space agency NASA. The spacecraft studied Saturn and its moons from 2004 to 2017. Astronomers used images and radar measurements from Cassini to create the ____32____ map of Titan.
The map shows Titan as a mixture of flat plains hills and mountains, windblown sand areas, valleys and lakes. The mapping operation is ____33____ in a report published in Nature Astronomy.
Rosaly Lopes led the project. She is a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Lopes told the publication that the many similarities between Earth and Titan make the Saturn moon a great choice for ____34____ exploration.
“Titan has an atmosphere like Earth's. It has wind; it has rain; it has mountains,” Lopes said.
Titan is the only planet in our solar system besides Earth to have known ____35____ of liquid on its surface. But Titan's seas and lakes are filled with liquid methane (甲烷) rather than water.
At cold temperatures, methane goes through similar ____36____ as rain does on Earth. It falls to the surface across the planet to form rivers and lakes and can then evaporate (挥发) to form clouds again.
The map found that nearly two-thirds of Titan's surface is made up of flat plains, Nature reported. About 17 percent is covered in sandy hills ____37____ by the wind, mostly around the equator.
Unlike Earth, Titan's sand is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Around 14 percent of the surface is considered hilly or mountainous. Seas and lakes filled with liquid methane cover a(n) ____38____ 1.5 percent of Titan. The liquid exists mainly closer to the planet's poles, while the equatorial areas remain drier.
Rosaly Lopes says organic materials --- those containing carbon --- in Titan's atmosphere are ____39____ for the growth of living organisms. “Organics are very important for the possibility of lifeon Titan, which many of us think likely would have _____40_____ in the liquid water ocean under Titan's icy crust (硬的表面),”she said.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A(1’*15=15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Dog lovers are well aware of the ability of a dog to communicate with its eyes. Now, scientific research suggests this ability developed over time as dogs learned to live with humans.
Just as with humans, the eyes can be one of the most ____41____ things about dogs, the animal known in many cultures as “man’s best friend.”
But a new study found evidence that dogs developed in physical ways to present “puppy dog eyes” as a way to help ____42____humans. Researchers in Britain and the United States did the study. The study compared the ____43____muscles of dogs and wolves, which share ancestral history. Dog ____44____ from wolves after being domesticated about 33,000 years ago. During that time, dog changed physically and behaviorally to ____45____ life with humans.
The researchers ____46____ the heads of six dogs and two wolves for comparison. They found the facial structure of both animals was mostly very similar. But one major____47____ was found above the eyes.
The dogs were found to have two well-formed muscles around the eye that were not____48____in the wolves. These small muscles permit dogs to ____49____ raise their inner eyebrow, the study found.
Comparative psychologist Juliane Kaminski led the research. The team suggests this eyebrow-raising movement causes a nurturing feeling in humans because it makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger.
This ____50____also makes the dog look more like a human baby. The eye movement is similar to that which humans make when they are sad, the statement said. “The evidence is____51____ that dogs developed a muscle to raise the inner eyebrow after they were domesticated from wolves, Kaminski said.
In a separate part of the study, the researchers observed how 27 dogs and nine wolves ____52____ with a human. “We also studied dogs' and wolves' behavior. And when ____53____to a human for two minutes, dogs raised their inner eyebrows more and at higher intensities than wolves,” Kaminski said.
The researchers suggest that the eye movements developed over time as a way for dogs to get humans to do things for them. This could ____54____ humans giving them food, care or attention.
The only dog species in the study that did not have the muscles was the Siberian husky, which is an ancient kind. The husky could be the best living example of what the ____55____ between dogs and wolves looked like.
41.
A. obvious B. innovative C. imposing D. appealing
42.
A. improve on B. connect with C. speak of D. cooperate with
43.
A. flexible B. strong C. facial D. similar
44.
A. dated back B. broke off C. built up D. moved away
45.
A. build B. imagine C. fit D. change
46.
A. collected B. estimated C. elected D. examined
47.
A. feature B. similarity C. difference D. puzzle
48.
A. absent B. invisible C. present D. dominant
49.
A. intensely B. badly C. scientifically D. slowly
50.
A. feeling B. reaction C. expression D. eyebrow
51.
A. powerful B. fascinating C. disappointing D. satisfying
52.
A. played B. interacted C. tolerated D. competed
53.
A. tailored B. related C. attached D. exposed
54.
A. involve B. consider C. suggest D. appreciate
55.
A. origin B. link C. difference D. evolution
Section B(2’*11=22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinjshed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
She is the doyenne (女长老) of crime writing, who invented the much-loved Belgian detective Poirot and amateur English detective Miss Marple, as well as writing England’s longest-running play, The Mousetrap. Now Agatha Christie has been officially recognized as the best ever crime writer, in a poll conducted by the Crime Writers’ Association(CWA).
Christie’s 1926 novel, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, whose innovative twist-in-the-tale helped to shape the crime genre, also won the prize of best ever crime novel.
Alison Joseph, CWA chair, said: “We thought it might be different this time, but Christie just is the best. Her writing has such a strong sense of place, she really knows her characters, and they’re such beautifully-structured stories. When you're reading a crime story, you want in the end to close the book and walk away with a sense of completion.”
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s collection of Sherlock Holmes novels was voted best ever crime series in the poll, which was held to mark 60 years of the CWA. The last time such a vote was taken by crime writers was in 1998, when Raymond Chandler was crowned as the best writer. The Nine Tailors by Dorothy L Sayers was chosen as best novel, and Chandler's Philip Marlowe books took best series.
Not everyone was satisfied with the outcome of the poll. Maxim Jakubowski, a CWA member who set up Murder One, the specialist crime bookshop which he ran for 20 years until its closure in 2009, said: “I’m slightly surprised and disappointed. It seems to be a retreat to a safe form. Of course we crime writers all worship Christie, but with all due respect, crime fiction has moved on: there are the inheritors of Thomas Harris’s Silence of the Lambs serial-killer crime, some of whom are unfortunately formulaic, and there is crime fiction with a strong social conscience --- that didn’t exist in Christie’s day. I’m thinking of writers like Dennis Lehane, John Harvey, Walter Mosley, George Pelecanos...”
However, Joseph defended Christie's social sensibility. “She is actually very sympathetic to why a person would commit murder, and at the point when we find out what happens there is the feeling that under these circumstances, it might be any of us.”
Christie, who died in 1976, wrote 66 detective novels and 14 short-story collections. The Christie estate this year commissioned the first new Poirot novel, to be written by Sophie Hannah for publication next September.
56. According to the chair of CWA, for readers, a successful good crime story should finally ________.
A. have a strong sense of place B. contain familiar characters
C. be beautifully structured D. provide a sense of completion
57. The poll was conducted to ________.
A. recognize Christie’s contribution B. celebrate 60 years of CWA
C honor some famous crime writers D. promote classic crime stories
58. Why is Maxim Jakubowski surprised and disappointed at the result
A. Because Christie’s works use safe forms and are out of date.
B. Because crime fiction has moved on and has new features.
C. Because some of the crime writers are unfortunately formulaic.
D. Because a strong social conscience didn't exist in Christie's day.
59. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A. The Mousetrap by Agatha Christie is England's longest-running play
B. Agatha Christie is always the best writer in the votes held by CWA.
C. Christie thought anyone might commit murder in certain conditions.
D. Christie asked Sophie Hannah to write the first new Poirot novel.
B
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To protect your health, our company develops this multifunctional mobile phone sterilizer to reduce the bacteria of phones. The mobile phone sterilizer is a patented green item, especially suitable for iPhone & Samsung.
Characters:
Disinfection quickly: within six minutes
Disinfection completely: more than 99.9% bacteria are eliminated
Disinfection widely: by the ways of ultraviolet and ozone
Universal application: Suitable for various types and sizes of phones, and digital products,jewelry accessories, etc.
Convenient to use: the product is compact and lightweight, portable use at home, in the office and out for travel
Security: 5 voltage power supply, enhance product safety
How to use:
Connect phone sterilizer with power by USB line and charger;
Put the phone into the case, and close the lid tightly;
Turn on ON/OFF button, and the power light will work;
Turn on sterilization button, and working light will work. After six minutes, sterilization will stop automatically.
Routine Care:
Please remove the batteries when not using the product for a long time.
Do not place it directly in damp condition or in the sun.
Please put it in ventilated and dry environment.
Do not crack or extrude(挤压).
After-sales Services:
1. Service promise: six months guarantee from the original date of purchase.
2. Warranty:
Electrical fault caused by non-artificial reason
Loss of function caused by non-artificial reason
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Any fault caused by artificial crack or damage, no warranty
Any fault caused by artificial disassembling, no warranty
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60. The Mobile Phone Sterilizer is a device used to ________.
A. charge your mobile phone
B. protect your mobile phone
C. remove bacteria from your mobile phone
D. repair your mobile phone
61. The following are the features of the Mobile Phone Sterilizer except that ________.
A. it is convenient to be carried
B. it needs an extra 5 voltage power supply
C. it is environmentally friendly
D. most of the bacteria can be killed by it
62. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A The toilet seat cover has more bacteria than the mobile phone.
B. You needn’t separate the batteries from the Sterilizer if it’s not used for long.
C. You don’t have to press the OFF button when sterilization is over.
D. The Mobile Phone Sterilizer is only suitable for iPhone & Samsung.
C
In a robotics lab on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, New York, three small robots have a problem to solve.
They are told that two of them have been given a “dumbing pill” that stops them talking. In reality the push of a button has silenced them, but none of them knows which one is still able to speak. That’s what they have to work out.
Unable to solve the problem, the robots all attempt to say “I don't know”. But only one of them makes any noise. Hearing its own robotic voice, it understands that it cannot have been silenced. “Sorry, I know now! I was able to prove that I was not given a dumbing pill,” it says. It then writes a formal mathematical proof and saves it to its memory to prove it has understood.
This is the first time a robot has passed a classic test called the wise-man puzzle. It sounds like a simple test and it is, only skirting the foothills of consciousness, But showing that robots can work out the logical puzzles requiring an element of self-awareness is an important step towards building machines that understand their place in the world.
Selmer Bringsjord of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, who ran the test, says that by passing many tests of this kind --- however narrow --- robots will build up a repertoire (计算机指令表) of abilities that start to become useful. Instead of thinking over whether machines can ever be conscious like humans, he aims to demonstrate specific, limited examples of consciousness.
“They try to find some interesting philosophical problem, and then engineer a robot that can solve that problem,” says John Sullins, a philosopher of technology at Sonoma State University. “They're barking up the right tree.”
The robots must be able tolsten to and understand the question “which pill did you receive ”, as asked by a human. They must then hear their own voice saying “I don't know” and understand that it was they that said it, connecting that with the idea that they did not receive a silencing pill.
Bringsjord's robots may appear conscious in this specific case, assessing their own state and coming to a conclusion. But the broader, deeper intelligence that humans have is completely missing. The robots can pass the wise-man test but wouldn't have a hope of recognizing their own feet. Bringsjord says one reason robots can't have broader consciousness is that they just can't deal with enough data. Even though cameras can capture more data about a scene than the human eye, robots are at a loss as to how to put all that information together to build a whole picture of the world.
63. What problem do the three robots have to solve
A. What has silenced them. B. Which of them can still talk.
C. Why the dumbing pill fails. D. What proof they need.
64. What does John Sullins mean by “They're barking up the right tree.”(in Paragraph 6)
A. The three robots are sure to be able to think like humans in the future.
B. The three robots originated from some intelligent animals.
C. The scientists are inspired by the philosophy of technology.
D. The scientists have targeted an achievable goal.
65. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Human beings are capable of linking together what they see.
B. Questions are of particular importance in the wise-man test.
C. More data is needed for scientists to know robots well.
D. Robots can easily learn to reason like humans.
66. The passage is intended to ________.
A. highlight a new way to study robots
B. introduce a ground-breaking experiment
C. illustrate a well-established scientific principle
D. explain a problem that has puzzled scientists for long
Section C(2’*4=8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Human activities are killing wildlife at unprecedented rates, with causes ranging from environmental pollution to the built environment. For some bird species, night-time collisions (撞击) with power lines are driving substantial population declines. ____67____ “We need forward-thinking methods to protect not only large birds that are at greater risk from power lines but also millions of smaller migratory birds,” says Anne Lacy of the International Crane Foundation.
Half of all avian species can see ultraviolet light. So James Dwyer, a wildlife biologist at utility consulting firm EDM International in Fort Collins, Colo., had the idea of using near-visible UV light to illuminate power lines. EDM’s engineering team and the Dawson Public Power District developed such light systems and installed them on a tower supporting a power line at Rowe Sanctuary.____68____
Richard Loughery, director of environmental activities at the Edison Electric Institute, who was not involved in the project, says the new UV system adds an important tool for use in hotspots where endangered bird species nest and feed.
____69____Insects did not swarm toward the lights, nor did bats or night-hawks do so in pursuit of a meal. And Dwyer says birds are unlikely to confuse such near-ground UV illumination with natural cues such as starlight.
“I don’t want utilities to build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tool,” says biologist Robert Harms of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, who was not involved in the work. ____70____
A. Some recommend that utility companies mark their power lines with plastic attachments to increase visibility.
B. But for existing lines, he says, the UV system could be “absolutely amazing”.
C. Over a 38-night period, crane collisions decreased by 98 percent when the lights were on.
D. The researchers did not observe any negative impacts on other species.
E. But now scientists have come up with a clever way to make the cables easier for birds to spot, without causing disturbances to humans.
F. Biologists reported that 300 cranes were killed in one month in 2009 from collisions with marked lines.
IV. Summary Writing(10’)
71. 概要写作
Is Fridge Really Necessary
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed -natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling….
What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum(嗡嗡响) away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-coo1ed space inside an artificially-heated house -while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation(3’+3’+4’+5’=15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 他用水壶烧了些水，为我泡了一杯茶。(boil)（汉译英）
73. 考试时遇到难题，保持冷静是克服困难的关键。(key) （汉译英）
74. 尽管许多投诉已经可以网办，但线下投诉的比例仍居高不下。(despite) （汉译英）
75. 智慧和智力不可混为一谈，聪明的人并不一定都有智慧，而智慧的人无论发生什么总能想出解决办法。(figure) （汉译英）
VI. Guided Writing(25’)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对于写的重视程度降低了。下图是一项调查显示中学生不想练字的理由。请说明该现象并发表自己的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023学年第一学期高三英语期中质量调研卷
（满分140分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A(1’*10=10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A director. B. An actor. C. A writer. D. A translator.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I have seen all your films. You’ve just starred in a new one, haven’t you
M: Yes. It’s about a writer and will be translated into several languages.
Q: What is probably the man
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. At home. B. At a bank. C. In a library. D. In a hotel.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, could you show me how to use the key card
W: Sure. You need to put it into the hole. Then wait for green light and turn the handle.
Q: Where does the conversation probably take place
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. 26. B. 60. C. 70. D. 76.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey, we only have purchased 60 cups for the new house. Should we buy 10 more
M: Haven’t you remember the 16 cups we’ve got from granny
Q: How many cups do the couple have in all
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. On the phone. B. By text. C. Online. D. Face to face.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Have you contacted all the members of the club telling them our new rule
W: Well, I talked with Jack on the phone, texted Mary and told Jimmy when he came by.
Q: How did the woman tell Jimmy about the new rule
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret.
B. Lucy hasn't got any surprise from Smith.
C. They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.
D. There is no secret between Smith and Lucy.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I don’t think we should have told Smith about the surprise party for Lucy.
M: It’s all right. He promised not to tell others and he doesn’t promise lightly.
Q: What does the man mean
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Surfing the internet. B. Watching a TV program.
C. Making a new blouse. D. Looking for a fashion site.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Are you still online now It’s time for TV series.
W: Just a minute. I’m looking at a fashion site. I’m looking for a blouse for my sister.
Q: What’s the woman doing right now
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She'd like to reschedule the meeting.
B. She's glad the man waited for her.
C. She wasn't very late for the meeting.
D. She's sorry that she missed the meeting.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Where have you been I was just about to give up on you.
W: Sorry, my bus was delayed. But I am glad you were patient. It would have been hard for us to find another time to meet this week.
Q: What does the woman mean
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. This afternoon. B. Next week. C. Next month. D. Tomorrow.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Will Mrs. Johnson be here tomorrow for the meeting
W: Probably not. She called this afternoon to put off the meeting a few days. She is busy this whole week.
Q: When will the meeting probably be held
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Extreme sports. B. Bungee jumping.
C. Travel insurance. D. Diving safety.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, I’m going to travel next month and would like to buy some kind of insurance.
W: Well, it’s a must if you participate in any extreme sports like bungee jumping or cliff diving.
Q: What are the two speakers talking about
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.
B. The man doesn't need to have his car inspected until next month.
C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.
D. The woman has to wait longer than the man did to have her car inspected.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: You wouldn’t believe the line at the auto inspection center. I waited more than two hours.
W: That’s what you get for waiting until the last day of the month.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
Section B(1.5’*10=15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. To investigate the mice's reaction to different food.
B. To figure out mice's strongest physical drive.
C. To discover mice's eating and drinking habits.
D. To determine mice's feelings at the sight of food.
12.
A. Social needs. B. Abnormal smells.
C. Hunger. D. Thirst.
13.
A. They tend to be in search of food in groups.
B. They are overweight when food is sufficient.
C. They prefer food to the company of other mice.
D. They'll always be driven away by other animals' scent.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C
【解析】
【原文】Have you ever felt like you would do just about anything to satisfy your hunger A new study in mice may help to explain why hunger can feel like such a powerful motivating force. In the study, researchers found that hunger outweighed other physical drives, including fear, thirst and social needs. To determine which feeling won out, the researchers did a series of experiments. In one experiment, the mice were both hungry and thirsty. When given the choice of either eating food or drinking water, the mice went for the food. However, when the mice were well-fed but thirsty, they opted to drink. In the second experiment meant to pit the mice’s hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain “fox-scented” areas and other places that smelled safer but also had food. It turned out that, when the mice were hungry, they ventured into the unsafe areas for food. But when the mice were well-fed, they stayed in areas of the cage that were considered “safe.” Mice are usually social animals and prefer to be in the company of other mice but hunger also took priority over the mice’s social needs, the researchers found. When the mice were hungry, they opted to leave the company of other mice to look for food.
Questions:
1.Why did the researchers carry out a series of experiments on mice
2.According to the experiment, which of the following gives mice the strongest urge to take risks
3.What is said about mice at the end of the passage
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. Trucks undertook all the transportation demands.
B. The railway industry had no strict regulations.
C. The damage to products by trains was serious.
D. The railway companies reduced their lines greatly.
15.
A. They used to treat customers with enthusiasm and patience.
B. They still remain indifferent to customers nowadays.
C. They have always been considerate to customers.
D. They are quick to satisfy customers’ needs today.
16.
A. Trains are more environmentally friendly than trucks.
B. Trains can transport more goods than trucks do.
C. Railroading does not wear out highways at all.
D. Trains have an accident rate only half that of trucks.
【答案】14. A 15. D 16. A
【解析】
【原文】At the beginning of the 20th century, railroads were used to transport everything. Powerful railroad giants made fortunes without having to be accountable to the public or considerate to customers. But things changed in 1970 when the rail industry was faced with problems. Trucks were taking all the new business. And even so the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Meanwhile, many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting markets. But in 1980, the rail industry entered the modern era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make timely panies reduced their lines by 1/3, used fewer employees, and minimized damage to products. And to increase their shipping capacity, freight containers were stacked on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, underpasses and tunnels were enlarged. The image of the rail industry has changed dramatically. Today companies are very responsive to customers and are gaining increasing market shares in the shipping industry. The railroad safety record is also impressive. Freight trains have an accident rate that is only 1/3 that of the trucking industry. Trains also come out ahead of the trucks on environmental grounds because they give off only 1/10 to 1/3 the pollution that is emitted by trucks. And railroading does not wear out highways as trucks do.
Questions:
14. What kind of problem did the rail industry encounter in 1970
15. What do we know about the railroad companies’ attitude towards customers
16. Which of the four choices is an advantage that trains have over trucks in shipping goods
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. 19th-century American literature.
B. The independent life of some American young girls.
C. The hard life people had in the old days on the American frontier.
D. The effort cowboys made to survive 19t-century frontier life.
18.
A. She attempted to escape from the farm.
B. She worked very diligently on the farm.
C. She had to work on the rich people's farm.
D. She was a Spanish immigrant girl.
19.
A. He knew lots of people from the Midwest.
B. He read many novels about the Midwest.
C. He lived in the Midwest throughout his life.
D. He was brought up in the Midwest.
20.
A. Buy the book Main-Travelled Roads in a bookstore.
B. Lend the book Main-Travelled Roads to the woman.
C. Look for Hemlen Garlen's other works in the library.
D. Write a book review on Main-Travelled Roads.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: I just finished reading a book of short stories by Hemlen Garlen called Main-Travelled Roads. I really enjoyed it. Have you ever read it？
W: Yes, it was a required reading in the American literature course I took last year. Even though it’s fiction, you get a realistic picture of the hard life people had on the American frontier. I don’t think I would survive 19th century frontier life.
M: Me neither. Remember that story where Garlen gives a vivid description of Julie Peterson, that young immigrant girl who had to work on her family farm
W: Ah, yeah! It impressed me deeply.
M: Well, when Julie felt exhausted, she wished she could escape from her hard labor. She saw her father working in the next field, and she was inspired to continue her own work.
W: I do remember that story. Garlen really captures the spirit of hard work that was so typical of immigrants and pioneers who settled the American Midwest. It’s difficult to imagine that nothing seemed to discourage them for long.
M: I wonder how Garlen learned so much about the Midwest. Wasn’t he from Boston
W: He lived in Boston. In fact, he studied and taught in the Boston School of Oratory, but I think he was born in West Salem, Wisconsin. He did grow up in the Midwest.
M: No wonder his description is so lifelike, I’m going to take this book back to the library now and see what other works of his I can find.
Questions:
17. What did the woman learn from Main-Travelled Roads
18. Which of the following is true about Julie Peterson
19. Why did Hemlen Garlen know so much about the Midwest
20. What’s the man going to do after the conversation
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A(1’*10=10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Champagne is a sparkling wine produced from grapes grown in the Champagne region of France ____21____(follow) rules that demand secondary fermentation（发酵）of the wine in the bottle to create carbonation. Some use “Champagne” as a general term for sparkling wine, but it is illegal to officially label any product Champagne ____22____ it both comes from the Champagne region and is produced under the rules of the title.
In France the first sparkling Champagne was created accidentally. Contrary to legend and popular belief, Dom Pérignon did not invent sparkling wine. The oldest____23____(record) sparkling wine is Blanquette de Limoux, ____24____ was apparently invented by Benedictine Monks in the Abbey of Saint-Hilaire in 1531. Over a century later, the English scientist and physician Christopher Merret documented the addition of sugar____25____ a finished wine to create a second fermentation.
The pressure in the Champagne bottle led it to be called “the devil's wine,” as bottles exploded or corks popped. In 1844 Adolphe Jaquesson invented the muse-let ____26____(prevent) the corks from blowing out. Even when it was deliberately produced as a sparkling wine, Champagne was for a very long time made by the méthode rurale, where the wine was bottled before the initial fermentation had finished. Champagne did not use the méthode champenoise____27____ the 19th century, about 200 years after Merret documented the process. Méthode champenoise is the traditional method by which Champagne is produced. After primary fermentation and bottling, a second alcoholic fermentation occurs in the bottle. This second fermentation is caused by adding several grams of yeast and rock sugar to the bottle --- although each brand has ____28____ own secret recipe. Usually a minimum of 1.5 years is required to completely develop the full flavor.
The 19th century ____29____(see) a fast growth in Champagne production, going from a regional production of 300,000 bottles a year in 1800 to 20 million bottles in 1850. In 2007, Champagne sales hit _____30_____ all-time record of 338.7 million bottles.
【答案】21. following
22. unless 23. recorded
24. which 25. to
26. to prevent
27. until 28. its
29. saw 30. an
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了香槟酒的生产以及历史发展过程。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：香槟是一种起泡酒，由法国香槟地区种植的葡萄酿造而成，葡萄酒在瓶中需要进行二次发酵以产生碳酸。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰sparkling wine，sparkling wine和动词follow为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填following。
【22题详解】
考查连词。句意：有些人用“香槟”作为起泡酒的总称，但正式给任何产品贴上香槟的标签都是非法的，除非它既来自香槟地区，又根据标题的规定生产。根据句意可知，此处为连词unless“除非”连接上下句，满足句意逻辑要求。故填unless。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有记载的最古老的起泡酒是Blanquette de Limoux，它显然是由圣伊莱尔修道院的本笃会僧侣于1531年发明的。由空后sparkling wine为名词可知，此处为形容词recorded“记录的，有记载的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填recorded。
【24题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有记载的最古老的起泡酒是Blanquette de Limoux，它显然是由圣伊莱尔修道院的本笃会僧侣于1531年发明的。分析句子可，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Blanquette de Limoux在从句中作主语成分。故填which。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：一个多世纪后，英国科学家兼医生克里斯托弗·梅雷特(Christopher Merret)记录了在成品葡萄酒中添加糖以进行第二次发酵的过程。根据句意以及空前addition可知，此处为介词to，构成addition to“添加到”，满足句意要求。故填to。
【26题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：1844年，阿道夫·杰克松发明了一种防止软木塞被吹出的瓶塞。根据句意可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填to prevent。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：直到19世纪，在Merret记录了这一过程大约200年后，香槟公司才开始使用msamuthode champenoise。根据句意可知，此处为连词not… until“直到……才……”，满足句意要求。故填until。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意：第二次发酵是在瓶中加入几克酵母和冰糖，尽管每个品牌都有自己的秘方。由空后own secret recipe为名词短语可知，此处为形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【29题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：19世纪见证了香槟生产的快速增长，从1800年每年30万瓶的地区产量增长到1850年的2000万瓶。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态以及该句中的The 19th century可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填saw。
【30题详解】
考查冠词。句意：2007年，香槟销量创下了3.387亿瓶的历史纪录。根据句意以及空后record为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一个历史记录”为泛指概念，结合all为首音节元音因素，所以为不定冠词an的填入。故填an。
Section B(1’*10=10’)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. qualities B. continued C. bodies D. essential E. transformations F. described G. geological H. shaped I. estimated J. cultivated K. evolved
For the first time, scientists have mapped the whole surface of Titan, the largest moon around Saturn. The map confirms existing data showing that Titan has many Earth-like ____31____ that might be able to support life.
The data was collected by Cassini, a spacecraft operated by the U.S. space agency NASA. The spacecraft studied Saturn and its moons from 2004 to 2017. Astronomers used images and radar measurements from Cassini to create the ____32____ map of Titan.
The map shows Titan as a mixture of flat plains, hills and mountains, windblown sand areas, valleys and lakes. The mapping operation is ____33____ in a report published in Nature Astronomy.
Rosaly Lopes led the project. She is a planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Lopes told the publication that the many similarities between Earth and Titan make the Saturn moon a great choice for ____34____ exploration.
“Titan has an atmosphere like Earth's. It has wind; it has rain; it has mountains,” Lopes said.
Titan is the only planet in our solar system besides Earth to have known ____35____ of liquid on its surface. But Titan's seas and lakes are filled with liquid methane (甲烷) rather than water.
At cold temperatures, methane goes through similar ____36____ as rain does on Earth. It falls to the surface across the planet to form rivers and lakes and can then evaporate (挥发) to form clouds again.
The map found that nearly two-thirds of Titan's surface is made up of flat plains, Nature reported. About 17 percent is covered in sandy hills ____37____ by the wind, mostly around the equator.
Unlike Earth, Titan's sand is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Around 14 percent of the surface is considered hilly or mountainous. Seas and lakes filled with liquid methane cover a(n) ____38____ 1.5 percent of Titan. The liquid exists mainly closer to the planet's poles, while the equatorial areas remain drier.
Rosaly Lopes says organic materials --- those containing carbon --- in Titan's atmosphere are ____39____ for the growth of living organisms. “Organics are very important for the possibility of lifeon Titan, which many of us think likely would have _____40_____ in the liquid water ocean under Titan's icy crust (硬的表面),”she said.
【答案】31. A 32. G
33. F 34. B
35. C 36. E
37. H 38. I
39. D 40. K
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们首次绘制了土卫六的整个表面，土卫六是土星周围最大的卫星。这张地图证实了现有的数据，表明土卫六有许多类似地球的特性，可能适合生命的存在。
31题详解】
考查名词。句意：这张地图证实了现有的数据，表明土卫六有许多类似地球的特性，可能能够支持生命的存在。分析句子可知，空前many为形容词，此处应为复数名词形式，同时在that引导的定语从句中作主语成分，qualities“特性”为复数名词，符合句意。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：天文学家利用卡西尼号的图像和雷达测量数据绘制了土卫六的地质图。分析句子可，空后map为名词，空前the为定冠词，此处应为形容词形式作定语修饰该名词，geological“地质的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。
【33题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：发表在《自然天文学》上的一篇报告描述了这种测绘操作。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合句意以及空前is可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态，故空处应为过去分词形式，described“描述”为过去分词，符合句意。故选F项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Lopes告诉该出版物，地球和土卫六之间的许多相似之处使土星卫星成为继续探索的绝佳选择。分析句子可知，空后exploration为名词，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，continued“持续的，继续的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：土卫六是太阳系中除地球外唯一一颗已知表面有液体的行星。分析句子可知，空前have known为谓语动词，此处应为名词作宾语成分，bodies“主体部分”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：在低温下，甲烷会经历与地球上的雨类似的转变。分析句子可知，空前similar为形容词，此处应为名词形式，transformations“转变”为名词，符合句意。故选E项。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大约17%被风塑造的沙丘覆盖，大部分在赤道附近。分析句子可，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰hills，hills和该非谓语动词为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，shaped“塑造”为过去分词，符合句意。故选H项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：充满液态甲烷的海洋和湖泊覆盖了泰坦大约1.5%的面积。分析句子可知，空后1.5 percent of Titan为名词短语，空前为冠词a，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，estimated“预计的，估计的”为形容词，符合句意。故选I项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：罗莎莉·洛佩斯说，土卫六大气中含有碳的有机物质对生物体的生长至关重要。分析句子可知，空前are为系动词，空后为介词for，此处为形容词作表语，essential“至关重要的”为形容词，be essential for，意为“对……至关重要”符合句意。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：有机物对土卫六上生命的可能性非常重要，我们中的许多人认为，土卫六上的生命可能是在冰壳下的液态水海洋中进化而来的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合空前助动词have可知，此处为现在完成时，填入过去分词，evolved“进化”为过去分词，符合句意。故选K项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A(1’*15=15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Dog lovers are well aware of the ability of a dog to communicate with its eyes. Now, scientific research suggests this ability developed over time as dogs learned to live with humans.
Just as with humans, the eyes can be one of the most ____41____ things about dogs, the animal known in many cultures as “man’s best friend.”
But a new study found evidence that dogs developed in physical ways to present “puppy dog eyes” as a way to help ____42____humans. Researchers in Britain and the United States did the study. The study compared the ____43____muscles of dogs and wolves, which share ancestral history. Dog ____44____ from wolves after being domesticated about 33,000 years ago. During that time, dog changed physically and behaviorally to ____45____ life with humans.
The researchers ____46____ the heads of six dogs and two wolves for comparison. They found the facial structure of both animals was mostly very similar. But one major____47____ was found above the eyes.
The dogs were found to have two well-formed muscles around the eye that were not____48____in the wolves. These small muscles permit dogs to ____49____ raise their inner eyebrow, the study found.
Comparative psychologist Juliane Kaminski led the research. The team suggests this eyebrow-raising movement causes a nurturing feeling in humans because it makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger.
This ____50____also makes the dog look more like a human baby. The eye movement is similar to that which humans make when they are sad, the statement said. “The evidence is____51____ that dogs developed a muscle to raise the inner eyebrow after they were domesticated from wolves, Kaminski said.
In a separate part of the study, the researchers observed how 27 dogs and nine wolves ____52____ with a human. “We also studied dogs' and wolves' behavior. And when ____53____to a human for two minutes, dogs raised their inner eyebrows more and at higher intensities than wolves,” Kaminski said.
The researchers suggest that the eye movements developed over time as a way for dogs to get humans to do things for them. This could ____54____ humans giving them food, care or attention.
The only dog species in the study that did not have the muscles was the Siberian husky, which is an ancient kind. The husky could be the best living example of what the ____55____ between dogs and wolves looked like.
41.
A. obvious B. innovative C. imposing D. appealing
42.
A. improve on B. connect with C. speak of D. cooperate with
43.
A. flexible B. strong C. facial D. similar
44.
A. dated back B. broke off C. built up D. moved away
45.
A. build B. imagine C. fit D. change
46.
A. collected B. estimated C. elected D. examined
47.
A. feature B. similarity C. difference D. puzzle
48.
A. absent B. invisible C. present D. dominant
49.
A. intensely B. badly C. scientifically D. slowly
50.
A. feeling B. reaction C. expression D. eyebrow
51.
A. powerful B. fascinating C. disappointing D. satisfying
52.
A. played B. interacted C. tolerated D. competed
53.
A. tailored B. related C. attached D. exposed
54.
A. involve B. consider C. suggest D. appreciate
55.
A. origin B. link C. difference D. evolution
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. C 48. C 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了狗狗眼睛和狼的区别，以及狗狗眼睛与人类的联系。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和人类一样，狗的眼睛可能是最吸引人的地方之一，在许多文化中，狗被称为“人类最好的朋友”。A. obvious明显的；B. innovative创新的；C. imposing壮观的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文的“Just as with humans, the eyes can be one of the most”结合选项可知，狗的眼睛是吸引人的。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但一项新的研究发现，有证据表明，狗通过身体发育，呈现出“小狗的眼睛”，作为一种帮助与人类联系的方式。A. improve on改进；B. connect with与……联系；C. speak of讲起；D. cooperate with与……合作。根据前文的“the animal known in many cultures as “man’s best friend.””可知，狗被称为“人类最好的朋友”，故狗通过眼睛与人类有联系。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项研究比较了狗和狼的面部肌肉，它们有着共同的祖先历史。A. flexible灵活的；B. strong强的；C. facial面部的；D. similar相像的。根据后文的“The researchers 6 the heads of six dogs and two wolves for comparison. They found the facial structure of both animals was mostly very similar. But one major 7was found above the eyes.”可知，研究人员将六只狗和两只狼的头部进行了比较，他们发现这两只动物的面部结构大多非常相似，故这项研究比较了狗和狼的面部肌肉。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：狗在大约3.3万年前被驯化后从狼中分离出来。A. dated back追溯到；B. broke off使脱落，断开；C. built up建立 ；D. moved away搬走。根据后文的“During that time, dog changed physically and behaviorally to 5 life with humans.”可知，狗改变了身体和行为来适应人类的生活，故狗被驯化后从狼中分离出来。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，狗改变了身体和行为来适应人类的生活。A. build建造；B. imagine想象；C. fit适合，适应；D. change改变。根据前文的“dog changed physically and behaviorally”可知，狗做出改变是为了适应人类的生活。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员检查了6只狗和2只狼的头部进行比较。A. collected收集；B. estimated估计；C. elected选举 ；D. examined检查。根据后文的“the heads of six dogs and two wolves for comparison.”可知，研究人员对6只狗和2只狼的头部进行比较，是通过检查头部才能看出来。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一个主要的差异是在眼睛上面。A. feature特征；B. similarity相似性；C. difference差异 ；D. puzzle令人费解的事。根据后文的“The dogs were found to have two well-formed muscles around the eye that were not 8 in the wolves.”可知，这些狗的眼睛周围有两块成形良好的肌肉，而狼则没有，故在眼睛上面，狗和狼存在差异。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，这些狗的眼睛周围有两块成形良好的肌肉，而狼则没有展现。A. absent缺席；B. invisible看不见的；C. present展现，显示；D. dominant占主导地位。根据前文的“Dog 4 from wolves after being domesticated about 33,000 years ago. During that time, dog changed physically and behaviorally to 5 life with humans.”可知，狗从狼中分离出来，身体和行为都发生了变化，故狗的眼睛周围有两块成形良好的肌肉，而狼则没有展现。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，这些小肌肉使狗狗能够强烈地扬起眉毛内侧。A. intensely强烈地；B. badly严重地；C. scientifically科学地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文的“These small muscles permit dogs to ”和常识可知，肌肉是有力的，故这些小肌肉使狗狗能够强烈地扬起眉毛内侧。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个表情也让狗看起来更像一个人类的婴儿。A. feeling感觉；B. reaction反应；C. expression表情；D. eyebrow眉毛。根据前文的“The team suggests this eyebrow-raising movement causes a nurturing feeling in humans because it makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger.”可知，研究小组认为，这种扬起眉毛的动作会给人类带来一种养育的感觉，故让狗看起来更像一个人类的婴儿的是扬起这个表情。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡明斯基说:“有力的证据表明，狗在从狼驯化后，进化出了一种可以抬起内眉的肌肉。”A. powerful 强大的，有力的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. satisfying令人满意的。根据前文的“The eye movement is similar to that which humans make when they are sad, the statement said.”可知，这种眼睛动作与人类悲伤时的眼动相似，故这个证据是明显的，是有力的。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在研究的另一部分，研究人员观察了27只狗和9只狼是如何与人互动的。A. played演奏；B. interacted互动；C. tolerated容忍；D. competed竞争。根据后文的“And when 13 to a human for two minutes, dogs raised their inner eyebrows more and at higher intensities than wolves”可知，研究人员观察了它们与人的互动。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡明斯基说:“当狗和人类接触两分钟时，它们的内眉比狼扬起的次数更多，强度也更高。”A. tailored订做；B. related联系；C. attached贴上；D. exposed暴露的。根据后文的“to a human for two minutes, dogs raised their inner eyebrows more”可知，狗和人类接触。exposed to sth.意为“接触”。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能包括人类给它们食物、照顾或关注。A. involve包含；B. consider考虑；C. suggest 建议；D. appreciate欣赏。根据前文的“The researchers suggest that the eye movements developed over time as a way for dogs to get humans to do things for them.”可知，狗的眼球运动是让人类为它们做事的一种方式，人类给它们食物、照顾或关注都被包括在内。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈士奇可能是狗和狼之间联系的最好的活生生的例子。A. origin起源；B. link联系；C. difference差异；D. evolution进化。根据前文的“The dogs were found to have two well-formed muscles around the eye that were not 8 in the wolves.”和“The only dog species in the study that did not have the muscles was the Siberian husky, which is an ancient kind.”可知，狗的眼睛周围有两块成形良好的肌肉，而狼则没有，研究中唯一没有肌肉的狗是西伯利亚哈士奇，故哈士奇可能是狗和狼之间联系的最好的活生生的例子。故选B项。
Section B(2’*11=22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinjshed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
She is the doyenne (女长老) of crime writing, who invented the much-loved Belgian detective Poirot and amateur English detective Miss Marple, as well as writing England’s longest-running play, The Mousetrap. Now Agatha Christie has been officially recognized as the best ever crime writer, in a poll conducted by the Crime Writers’ Association(CWA).
Christie’s 1926 novel, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, whose innovative twist-in-the-tale helped to shape the crime genre, also won the prize of best ever crime novel.
Alison Joseph, CWA chair, said: “We thought it might be different this time, but Christie just is the best. Her writing has such a strong sense of place, she really knows her characters, and they’re such beautifully-structured stories. When you're reading a crime story, you want in the end to close the book and walk away with a sense of completion.”
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s collection of Sherlock Holmes novels was voted best ever crime series in the poll, which was held to mark 60 years of the CWA. The last time such a vote was taken by crime writers was in 1998, when Raymond Chandler was crowned as the best writer. The Nine Tailors by Dorothy L Sayers was chosen as best novel, and Chandler's Philip Marlowe books took best series.
Not everyone was satisfied with the outcome of the poll. Maxim Jakubowski, a CWA member who set up Murder One, the specialist crime bookshop which he ran for 20 years until its closure in 2009, said: “I’m slightly surprised and disappointed. It seems to be a retreat to a safe form. Of course we crime writers all worship Christie, but with all due respect, crime fiction has moved on: there are the inheritors of Thomas Harris’s Silence of the Lambs serial-killer crime, some of whom are unfortunately formulaic, and there is crime fiction with a strong social conscience --- that didn’t exist in Christie’s day. I’m thinking of writers like Dennis Lehane, John Harvey, Walter Mosley, George Pelecanos...”
However, Joseph defended Christie's social sensibility. “She is actually very sympathetic to why a person would commit murder, and at the point when we find out what happens there is the feeling that under these circumstances, it might be any of us.”
Christie, who died in 1976, wrote 66 detective novels and 14 short-story collections. The Christie estate this year commissioned the first new Poirot novel, to be written by Sophie Hannah for publication next September.
56. According to the chair of CWA, for readers, a successful good crime story should finally ________.
A. have a strong sense of place B. contain familiar characters
C. be beautifully structured D. provide a sense of completion
57. The poll was conducted to ________.
A. recognize Christie’s contribution B. celebrate 60 years of CWA
C. honor some famous crime writers D. promote classic crime stories
58. Why is Maxim Jakubowski surprised and disappointed at the result
A. Because Christie’s works use safe forms and are out of date.
B. Because crime fiction has moved on and has new features.
C. Because some of the crime writers are unfortunately formulaic.
D. Because a strong social conscience didn't exist in Christie's day.
59. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A. The Mousetrap by Agatha Christie is England's longest-running play
B. Agatha Christie is always the best writer in the votes held by CWA.
C. Christie thought anyone might commit murder in certain conditions.
D. Christie asked Sophie Hannah to write the first new Poirot novel.
【答案】56. D 57. B 58. B 59. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了犯罪写作界的元老阿加莎·克里斯蒂的成就以及大家对她的评价。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“Alison Joseph, CWA chair, said: “We thought it might be different this time, but Christie just is the best. Her writing has such a strong sense of place, she really knows her characters, and they're such beautifully-structured stories. When you’re reading a crime story, you want in the end to close the book and walk away with a sense of completion.” (CWA主席艾莉森·约瑟夫说:“我们认为这次可能会有所不同，但佳士得是最好的。她的作品有很强的地方感，她真的很了解她的人物，他们是如此美丽的故事结构。当你在读一本犯罪小说时，你希望最后合上书，带着一种完成感离开。”)”可知，CWA主席艾莉森·约瑟夫认为对于读者来说，一个成功的好犯罪故事最终应该提供一种完整感 。故选D。
57题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s collection of Sherlock Holmes novels was voted best ever crime series in the poll, which was held to mark 60 years of the CWA. (在此次为纪念CWA成立60周年而举行调查中，阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士的《福尔摩斯探案集》被评为有史以来最好的犯罪系列小说。)”可知，投票是因为庆祝CWA成立60周年。故选B。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第五段中“I’m slightly surprised and disappointed. It seems to be a retreat to a safe form. Of course we crime writers all worship Christie, but with all due respect, crime fiction has moved on (我有点惊讶和失望。这似乎是一种向安全形式的撤退。当然，我们犯罪小说作家都崇拜克里斯蒂，但恕我直言，犯罪小说已经在向前发展)”可知，马克西姆·雅库博夫斯基对结果感到惊讶和失望，是因为他认为因为犯罪小说已经向前发展，有了新的特点。故选B。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段中“She is the doyenne (女长老) of crime writing, who invented the much-loved Belgian detective Poirot and amateur English detective Miss Marple, as well as writing England's longest-running play, The Mousetrap. (她是犯罪写作界的元老，她创造了深受喜爱的比利时侦探波洛和英国业余侦探马普尔小姐，还创作了英国最长的戏剧《捕鼠器》。)”可知，阿加莎·克里斯蒂的《捕鼠器》是英国历史最长的剧目。故选A。
B
About Mobile Phone Sterilizer:
Do you know there are more bacteria on the phone than on the toilet seat cover, toilet doorhandle, and shopping mall counters The survey shows there are 120,000 bacteria per square centimeter of the mobile phone, which can cause pneumonia, respiratory diseases, and other unknown countless types of bacteria harmful to the human body. It is obvious that the breeding of bacteria is almost inevitable if the phone is not cleaned in time with professional phone sterilization tools.
To protect your health, our company develops this multifunctional mobile phone sterilizer to reduce the bacteria of phones. The mobile phone sterilizer is a patented green item, especially suitable for iPhone & Samsung.
Characters:
Disinfection quickly: within six minutes
Disinfection completely: more than 99.9% bacteria are eliminated
Disinfection widely: by the ways of ultraviolet and ozone
Universal application: Suitable for various types and sizes of phones, and digital products,jewelry accessories, etc.
Convenient to use: the product is compact and lightweight, portable use at home, in the office and out for travel
Security: 5 voltage power supply, enhance product safety
How to use:
Connect phone sterilizer with power by USB line and charger;
Put the phone into the case, and close the lid tightly;
Turn on ON/OFF button, and the power light will work;
Turn on sterilization button, and working light will work. After six minutes, sterilization will stop automatically.
Routine Care:
Please remove the batteries when not using the product for a long time.
Do not place it directly in damp condition or in the sun.
Please put it in ventilated and dry environment.
Do not crack or extrude(挤压).
After-sales Services:
1. Service promise: six months guarantee from the original date of purchase.
2. Warranty:
Electrical fault caused by non-artificial reason
Loss of function caused by non-artificial reason
Product appearance problems after using, no warranty
Accessories and package problems after using, no warranty
Any fault caused by artificial crack or damage, no warranty
Any fault caused by artificial disassembling, no warranty
Any fault caused by using it in abnormal conditions, no warranty
60. The Mobile Phone Sterilizer is a device used to ________.
A. charge your mobile phone
B. protect your mobile phone
C. remove bacteria from your mobile phone
D. repair your mobile phone
61. The following are the features of the Mobile Phone Sterilizer except that ________.
A. it is convenient to be carried
B. it needs an extra 5 voltage power supply
C. it is environmentally friendly
D. most of the bacteria can be killed by it
62. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. The toilet seat cover has more bacteria than the mobile phone.
B. You needn’t separate the batteries from the Sterilizer if it’s not used for long.
C. You don’t have to press the OFF button when sterilization is over.
D. The Mobile Phone Sterilizer is only suitable for iPhone & Samsung.
【答案】60. C 61. B 62. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，为一款手机消毒器做广告，介绍了其特点、使用方式、日程护理、售后服务。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To protect your health, our company develops this multifunctional mobile phone sterilizer to reduce the bacteria of phones. (为了保护您的健康，我们公司开发了这种多功能手机消毒器，以减少手机中的细菌。)”可知，这款手机消毒器是一种用来消除手机细菌的设备。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The mobile phone sterilizer is a patented green item, especially suitable for iPhone & Samsung. (这款手机消毒器是一种获得专利的绿色产品，特别适合iPhone和三星。)”以及“Characters”下面的“Disinfection completely: more than 99.9% bacteria are eliminated (完全消毒：99.9%以上的细菌被消除)”“Convenient to use: the product is compact and lightweight, portable use at home, in the office and out for travel (使用方便：该产品小巧轻便，可在家中、办公室和外出旅行时携带使用)”“Security: 5 voltage power supply, enhance product safety (安全：5V电源，增强产品安全性)”可知，这款手机消毒器非常环保，能消除99.9%以上的细菌，小巧轻便且便于携带，5V电源，选项A、C、D均正确，它并不需要额外的5V电源，B项错误。故选B。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据“How to use”下面的“Turn on sterilization button, and working light will work. After six minutes, sterilization will stop automatically. (打开杀菌按钮，工作灯亮起。六分钟后，灭菌将自动停止。)”可知，杀菌结束后会自动停止，不需要按关闭按钮，所以C项正确。其他三项均与文章内容不符。故选C。
C
In a robotics lab on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, New York, three small robots have a problem to solve.
They are told that two of them have been given a “dumbing pill” that stops them talking. In reality the push of a button has silenced them, but none of them knows which one is still able to speak. That’s what they have to work out.
Unable to solve the problem, the robots all attempt to say “I don't know”. But only one of them makes any noise. Hearing its own robotic voice, it understands that it cannot have been silenced. “Sorry, I know now! I was able to prove that I was not given a dumbing pill,” it says. It then writes a formal mathematical proof and saves it to its memory to prove it has understood.
This is the first time a robot has passed a classic test called the wise-man puzzle. It sounds like a simple test and it is, only skirting the foothills of consciousness, But showing that robots can work out the logical puzzles requiring an element of self-awareness is an important step towards building machines that understand their place in the world.
Selmer Bringsjord of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, who ran the test, says that by passing many tests of this kind --- however narrow --- robots will build up a repertoire (计算机指令表) of abilities that start to become useful. Instead of thinking over whether machines can ever be conscious like humans, he aims to demonstrate specific, limited examples of consciousness.
“They try to find some interesting philosophical problem, and then engineer a robot that can solve that problem,” says John Sullins, a philosopher of technology at Sonoma State University. “They're barking up the right tree.”
The robots must be able tolsten to and understand the question “which pill did you receive ”, as asked by a human. They must then hear their own voice saying “I don't know” and understand that it was they that said it, connecting that with the idea that they did not receive a silencing pill.
Bringsjord's robots may appear conscious in this specific case, assessing their own state and coming to a conclusion. But the broader, deeper intelligence that humans have is completely missing. The robots can pass the wise-man test but wouldn't have a hope of recognizing their own feet. Bringsjord says one reason robots can't have broader consciousness is that they just can't deal with enough data. Even though cameras can capture more data about a scene than the human eye, robots are at a loss as to how to put all that information together to build a whole picture of the world.
63. What problem do the three robots have to solve
A. What has silenced them. B. Which of them can still talk.
C. Why the dumbing pill fails. D. What proof they need.
64. What does John Sullins mean by “They're barking up the right tree.”(in Paragraph 6)
A. The three robots are sure to be able to think like humans in the future.
B. The three robots originated from some intelligent animals.
C. The scientists are inspired by the philosophy of technology.
D. The scientists have targeted an achievable goal.
65. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Human beings are capable of linking together what they see.
B. Questions are of particular importance in the wise-man test.
C. More data is needed for scientists to know robots well.
D. Robots can easily learn to reason like humans.
66. The passage is intended to ________.
A. highlight a new way to study robots
B. introduce a ground-breaking experiment
C. illustrate a well-established scientific principle
D. explain a problem that has puzzled scientists for long
【答案】63. B 64. D 65. A 66. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在纽约哈德逊河东岸的一个机器人实验室里，三个小型机器人需要解决一个问题。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In reality the push of a button has silenced them, but none of them knows which one is still able to speak. That’s what they have to work out.”（在现实中，按下一个按钮，他们就沉默了，但谁也不知道谁还能说话。这是他们必须解决的问题。）可知，这三个机器人要解决的问题是他们中谁能说话。故选B项。
【64题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段中““They try to find some interesting philosophical problem, and then engineer a robot that can solve that problem,” says John Sullins, a philosopher of technology at Sonoma State University.”（“他们试图找到一些有趣的哲学问题，然后设计一个可以解决这个问题的机器人，”索诺玛州立大学的技术哲学家约翰·苏林斯说。）由此可推知，划线句子They're barking up the right tree.指的是“科学家们确定了一个可以实现的目标”。故选D项。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But the broader, deeper intelligence that humans have is completely missing. The robots can pass the wise-man test but wouldn’t have a hope of recognizing their own feet. Bringsjord says one reason robots can’t have broader consciousness is that they just can't deal with enough data. Even though cameras can capture more data about a scene than the human eye, robots are at a loss as to how to put all that information together to build a whole picture of the world.”（但人类拥有的更广泛、更深层次的智慧却完全消失了。这些机器人可以通过“智者”测试，但不可能识别出自己的脚。Bringsjord说，机器人无法拥有更广泛的意识的一个原因是它们无法处理足够的数据。尽管摄像头可以捕捉到比人眼更多的场景数据，但机器人对于如何将所有这些信息整合在一起来构建一个完整的世界图景仍然感到困惑。）可推知，人类有能力将他们所看到的联系起来。故选A项。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“In a robotics lab on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, New York, three small robots have a problem to solve.”（在纽约哈德逊河东岸的一个机器人实验室里，三个小型机器人需要解决一个问题。）可推知，这篇文章旨在介绍一个开创性的实验。故选B项。
Section C(2’*4=8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Human activities are killing wildlife at unprecedented rates with causes ranging from environmental pollution to the built environment. For some bird species, night-time collisions (撞击) with power lines are driving substantial population declines. ____67____ “We need forward-thinking methods to protect not only large birds that are at greater risk from power lines but also millions of smaller migratory birds,” says Anne Lacy of the International Crane Foundation.
Half of all avian species can see ultraviolet light. So James Dwyer, a wildlife biologist at utility consulting firm EDM International in Fort Collins, Colo., had the idea of using near-visible UV light to illuminate power lines. EDM’s engineering team and the Dawson Public Power District developed such light systems and installed them on a tower supporting a power line at Rowe Sanctuary.____68____
Richard Loughery, director of environmental activities at the Edison Electric Institute, who was not involved in the project, says the new UV system adds an important tool for use in hotspots where endangered bird species nest and feed.
____69____Insects did not swarm toward the lights, nor did bats or night-hawks do so in pursuit of a meal. And Dwyer says birds are unlikely to confuse such near-ground UV illumination with natural cues such as starlight.
“I don’t want utilities to build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tool,” says biologist Robert Harms of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, who was not involved in the work. ____70____
A. Some recommend that utility companies mark their power lines with plastic attachments to increase visibility.
B. But for existing lines, he says, the UV system could be “absolutely amazing”.
C. Over a 38-night period, crane collisions decreased by 98 percent when the lights were on.
D. The researchers did not observe any negative impacts on other species.
E. But now scientists have come up with a clever way to make the cables easier for birds to spot, without causing disturbances to humans.
F. Biologists reported that 300 cranes were killed in one month in 2009 from collisions with marked lines.
【答案】67. E 68. C 69. D 70. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了为了解决夜间鸟类撞击电线导致其数量下降的问题，科学家们想出了一个方法——用紫外线照亮电线。
【67题详解】
前文“For some bird species, night-time collisions (撞击) with power lines are driving substantial population declines.(对于一些鸟类来说，夜间撞击电线正在导致种群数量大幅下降。)”讲述了人类建造的电线容易被鸟类撞击，鸟类数量大幅下降，后文“‘We need forward-thinking methods to protect not only large birds that are at greater risk from power lines but also millions of smaller migratory birds,’ says Anne Lacy of the International Crane Foundation.(国际起鹤类基金会的Anne Lacy说：‘我们需要前瞻性的方法，不仅要保护受电线影响风险更大的大型鸟类，还要保护数百万体型较小的候鸟。’)”通过引用Anne Lacy的话说明需要前瞻性的方法保护鸟类，所以空处应讲述科学家提出了一个保护鸟类的办法，E项“但现在科学家们想出了一个聪明的方法，让鸟类更容易发现电缆，而不会对人类造成干扰。”符合题意。故选E。
【68题详解】
前文“EDM’s engineering team and the Dawson Public Power District developed such light systems and installed them on a tower supporting a power line at Rowe Sanctuary.(EDM工程团队和道森公共电力区开发了这种照明系统，并将其安装在罗韦保护区的一座支撑电线的塔上。)”讲述了将这种紫外线照明系统安装在罗韦保护区的一座输电塔上，这里应说这么做产生的效果，C项“在38个晚上的时间里，当灯亮起时，鹤碰撞减少了98%。”符合题意。故选C。
【69题详解】
后文“Insects did not swarm toward the lights, nor did bats or night-hawks do so in pursuit of a meal.(昆虫不会向灯光聚集，蝙蝠或夜鹰也不会为了觅食而聚集。)”讲述了这种灯光不会让昆虫、蝙蝠、夜鹰靠拢聚集，由此可知，空处衔接下文，应说这种照明系统不会对其他物种造成影响，D项“研究人员没有观察到对其他物种的任何负面影响。”符合题意。故选D。
【70题详解】
前文“‘I don’t want utilities to build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tool,’ says biologist Robert Harms of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, who was not involved in the work.(美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局的生物学家Robert Harms没有参与这项工作，他说：‘我不希望公用事业公司想在哪里建电线就在那里建，因为有一种新的工具。’)”讲述了Robert Harms不希望公共事业公司随意建造电线，再结合上文介绍的紫外线照明系统帮助鸟类避免撞击电线可知，这里应说他对该系统的评价，B项“但他说，对于现有的电线来说，紫外线系统可能是‘绝对令人惊叹’的。”符合题意。故选B。
IV. Summary Writing(10’)
71. 概要写作
Is Fridge Really Necessary
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed -natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling….
What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum(嗡嗡响) away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-coo1ed space inside an artificially-heated house -while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
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【答案】It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge. However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. All in all, you can try a life without fridge.（59 words）
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。我们有必要把东西放进冰箱。然而，作者认为冰箱的发明对食物保存的艺术贡献相对较小。冰箱对环境的影响是显而易见的，而它对人类幸福的贡献却并不重要。总之，你可以尝试没有冰箱的生活。
【详解】1.要点摘录
1.The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
2.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation..
3.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant
4.If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge.
However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important.
All in all, you can try a life without fridge.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge. （运用了固定句型It is+形容词+for sb. to do sh.，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语）。
[高分句型2] However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
V. Translation(3’+3’+4’+5’=15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 他用水壶烧了些水，为我泡了一杯茶。(boil)（汉译英）
【答案】He boiled some water with a/the kettle and made a cup of tea for me.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。根据句意可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“用水壶”是with a/the kettle，“烧了些水”是boil some water，boil用过去式，“为我”是for me，“泡一杯茶”是make a cup of tea，make用过去式，用and连接两个动作。故答案为He boiled some water with a/the kettle and made a cup of tea for me.
73. 考试时遇到难题，保持冷静是克服困难的关键。(key) （汉译英）
【答案】When you meet with a difficult problem in an exam, keeping calm is the key to overcoming the difficulty.
【解析】
【详解】考查从句，时态，名词和短语。陈述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，根据句意可知，本句用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，meet with表示“遇到”，“考试时的难题”可译为a difficult problem in an exam，主句用动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数is，key to表示“……的关键”，“克服困难”译为overcome the difficulty，故翻译为：When you meet with /come across difficult problems in examinations, being calm and confident is the key to success.
74. 尽管许多投诉已经可以网办，但线下投诉的比例仍居高不下。(despite) （汉译英）
【答案】Despite the fact that many complaints can be made online, the percentage of off-line complaints still remains high.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“尽管”应用despite the fact that，that引导同位语从句，从句主语为many complaints，表示“可以网办”翻译为can be made online；表示“线下投诉的比例”应用the percentage of off-line complaints作主语；表示“仍居高不下”翻译为still remain high。句子陈述事实，时态为一般现在时。故翻译为Despite the fact that many complaints can be made online, the percentage of off-line complaints still remains high.
75. 智慧和智力不可混为一谈，聪明的人并不一定都有智慧，而智慧的人无论发生什么总能想出解决办法。(figure) （汉译英）
【答案】Wisdom can’t be confused with intelligence, because intelligent people are not necessarily wise, while wise people can always figure out a solution whatever happens.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、语态、原因状语从句。该句可以理解为“智慧不能被与聪明混淆，因为聪明的人并不一定都有智慧，然而智慧的人无论发生什么总能想出解决办法。”。结合句意可知，本句陈述事实用一般现在时。表示“智慧”用不可数名词Wisdom，作主语。表示“混淆……和……”用confuse...with...，主语Wisdom与动词confuse为被动关系，故用过去分词confused表被动，表示“能”用情态动词can，故谓语用can’t be confused with；表示“智力”用不可数名词intelligence。表示“因为”用because，引导原因状语从句；表示“聪明的人并不一定都有智慧”用intelligent people are not necessarily wise。表示“然而”用while，表示前后对比；表示“智慧的人无论发生什么总能想出解决办法”用wise people can always figure out a solution whatever happens。故翻译为Wisdom can’t be confused with intelligence, because intelligent people are not necessarily wise, while wise people can always figure out a solution whatever happens.
VI. Guided Writing(25’)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对于写的重视程度降低了。下图是一项调查显示中学生不想练字的理由。请说明该现象并发表自己的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, teachers, students and their parents are paying less and less attention to handwriting. According to a recent survey, about 85.8 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. 51.5 percent of the students think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.2 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless. As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in the future.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表类作文。要求考生结合图表中统计数据，对中学生不想练字这种现象发表自己的看法。
【详解】词汇积累
调查：survey→research
各种各样的：various→ all kinds of
提高：improve →enhance
认为：think→ consider
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting.
拓展句：The reason why many students don’t want to improve their handwriting is varied.
【点睛】【高分句型1】10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
