上海市部分区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题汇编：语法填空（含解析）

上海市部分区
2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题分类汇编
语法填空
2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Your Cat Might Not Be Ignoring You When You Speak
Every cat owner has a story to tell of being blanked by their cat. We call to our cat, it turns away, and some of us might be left (21) (wonder)why we didn' t get a dog. But your cat may be listening after all. More than that, it (22) (care)more than you may think.
A study by French researchers (23) (publish)last month in the journal Animal Cognition found that not only do cats react to what scientists call cat-directed speech—a high-pitched (高音的 )voice similar to (24) we talk to babies —they react to who is doing the talking.
"We found that hearing their owners using a high-pitched voice, cats reacted more than when hearing their owner speaking normally to another human adult, "said Charlotte de Mouzon, an author of the study. "But it actually didn't work when it came from a stranger' s voice. "
(25) studies involving dogs, analyzing cat behavior is difficult, which is part of why humans understand them less. Cats are stressed by being in a lab (26) meaningful behavioral observations become impossible. And forget about trying to get a cat(27) (sit)still for an M.
R. I. scan (核磁共振扫描)to study its brain function.
So the researchers for the latest study went to the cats' homes and played recordings of different types of speech and different speakers. At first, there was concern from Dr. de Mouzon and her team for lack of reaction from the cats, but upon analysis of the film recordings, delicate reactions (28) (notice). "It could be just moving an ear or turning the head to the speaker or even freezing what (29) were doing, ”Dr. de Mouzon said.
In the study, there were a few cases (30) cats would approach the speaker playing a voice and meow. "In the end, we had really clear gains in the cat' s attention when the owner was using cat-directed speech, ”Dr. de Mouzon said.
2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Life May Actually Flash Before Your Eyes on Death
New data from a scientific “accident” has suggested that life may actually flash before our eyes as we die.
A team of scientists set out to measure the brainwaves of an 87-year-old patient who (21) _____ (develop) epilepsy (癫痫) for many years. But during the neurological (神经学的) recording, he suffered a fatal heart attack, (22) _____ (offer) an unexpected recording of a dying brain.
It revealed that in the 30 seconds before and after, the man’s brainwaves followed the same patterns as dreaming or recalling memories. Brain activity of this sort could suggest that a final “recall of life” may occur in a person’s last moments, the team wrote in their study, (23) _____ (publish) in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience on Tuesday.
Dr Ajmal Zemmar, a co-author of the study, said that what the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, (24) _____ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain. So will we get a glimpse back at those moments (25) _____ we stayed with loved ones and other happy memories Dr Zemmar said it was impossible (26) _____ (tell). “If I were to jump to the philosophical area, I would guess that if the brain did a flashback, it would probably like to remind you of good things, rather than the bad things,” he said. “But (27) _____ is memorable would be different for every person.”
Dr Zemmar, now a neurosurgeon at the University of Louisville, said in the 30 seconds (28) _____ the patient’s heart stopped supplying blood to the brain, his brainwaves followed the same patterns as when we carry out high-cognitive demanding (高认知要求的) tasks, like concentrating, dreaming or recalling memories. It continued 30 seconds after the patient’s heart stopped beating. “I think there’s (29) _____ mysterious and spiritual about this whole near-death experience,” Dr Zemmar said. “And findings like this — it’s a moment (30) _____ scientists live for.”
2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
What’s Good About Social Network
Do you remember when social media felt good When friends got reunited years after graduation But then came all the fake news, targeted advertising, and fear of leaking personal information... You began questioning 21 why you had spent all the time on it. This was 22 happened to many, including me. Though social media was always something I needed, the life when it was needed for sheer entertainment has gone.
But occasionally, I 23 (remind) how powerful a tool it always is. It remains unparalleled in its original, uncommercialized mission 24 (serve) as a connector of people and a facilitator of friendship. I’m thinking about this after having just returned from breakfast with my friend, Rob. I 25 (not see) him since I was 16. We fell out of touch because he lived in Scotland while I lived in London, two opposite ends of this country. But last month I ran across something when I was browsing through Facebook. It was a photo of a little girl 26 I didn’t know, winning first prize in a school talent show. A photo unusually 27 (post) by Rob, which was his first post on Facebook, was tagged with the name of the school his daughter attended, which was not in Scotland, but just five miles from my house.
Were it not for social media, I would never have known that Rob had moved to my neck of the woods. Both of us were amazed at how incredible it was that we’d spent years living so near, shopping in the same grocery stores, taking the same commuter buses and going to the same cinema, without ever 28 (bump) into each other. Truth is, 29 we had, I’m not sure I would have recognized him without his profile picture. So 30 all the considerations and criticisms about how social media disturbs our lives, it is nice to know that it’s still worth pressing Like. Anyway, social media is irreplaceable to us.
2024届上海市奉贤区高三上学期一模英语试题
Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The First Space Cat
In a few weeks, space scientists will celebrate a remarkable event---the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first cat into space, an astronautical success that has never been repeated.
In the early 60s, dogs and monkeys were the animals usually used by scientists to find out exactly (21)dangerous the conditions were in outer space. And they were also used to assess if humans (22)survive trips beyond the edge of Earth's atmosphere.
A total of 14 street cats (23)(gather) at France's space agency for selection as cat astronauts, but the cats were not given names on purpose in order to prevent scientists from becoming too fond of them. The cat selected to travel to space was simply known (24)C341. C341 flew on a French rocket in October 1963, taking it to a place (25)no cat had gone before.
Then, (26)the news of its flight was announced on 18 October 1963, the French press decided this cat had to have its name. They picked “Felix” after a cartoon cat character, only (27)(discover) that C341 was female, so her name was then adjusted to “Felicette” as a result. In putting Felicette in one of its rockets, France added a new species to the list of animals that scientists (28)(send) into space before. Previously, two garden spiders, Anita and Arebella, had been taken to the Skylab (29)(orbit) around the moon.
“In the 60s, (30)(concern) about the possible danger for a human to be in outer space, scientists and engineers primarily undertook animal space flights to see if they suffered or their lives were threatened by the weightlessness or increased radiation or other effects they might experience up there,” said astronomer Jake Foster at the Royal Observatory Greenwich. “The fact that they did not fail paved the way for humans to begin journeys into space.”
2024届上海市黄埔区高三上学期一模英语试题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Reconsidering the Staycation
I’ve always been doubtful of the staycation. The newly-invented word is too cute for __21__ feels like a comfort: While other people are off exploring the Blue Lagoon by camper van, you get to stay in your very own home and go to your usual supermarket __22__ cookies!
So, I am fascinated to discover, thanks to my colleague Catherine Pearson, that I __23__ (understand) staycation in a wrong way. Evidently, my tendency __24__ (take) a break without a plan is unlikely to produce a restorative effect. Instead, one should make good preparations for that period of time. Jaime Kurtz, a psychology professor at James Madison University and the author of “The Happy Traveler: Unpacking the Secrets of Better Vacations,” advises __25__ (ask) oneself, “If I were moving away soon, what would I most want to do, and who would I most want to spend time with ”
I like this saying “Live every day as if it were your last.” Any reminder that time is flying is a good one __26__ it gets you to live better. This weekend, you could, for instance, seek out some vegan ice cream __27__ doesn’t taste terrible. You could try running in a pool, which is easier on the joints but as effective as running on land. You could go for a walk or a drive while listening to “Slow Radio,” a very comforting BBC podcast __28__ (feature) sounds of the natural world.
Whether or not you have a proper vacation __29__ (plan) for the coming weeks, you could envision any coming weekend as its own two-day mini-break, programming it as you would a trip to somewhere new, with a journey __30__ (exciting) than just “sleep as much as possible” and “mow the lawn”.
答案：
2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷
1．wondering 2．cares 3．published 4．how 5．Unlike 6．so that 7．to sit 8．were noticed 9．they 10．where
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究表明猫并不想人们认为的那样会忽视主人的互动，猫不仅会对科学家所说的“猫导向语言”做出反应，而且它们还会对说话人予以回应。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们叫我们的猫，它转过身去，我们中的一些人可能会想，为什么我们没有养一只狗。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是might be left，wonder为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语some of us是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填wondering。
2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅如此，它比你想象的更重要。描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填cares。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：上个月，法国研究员在《动物认知》杂志上发表的一项研究发现，猫不仅会对科学家所说的“猫导向语言”（类似我们如何与婴儿说话时常用的高音）做出反应，而且它们还会对说话人予以回应。分析句子可知，publish作定语，修饰study，二者之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，故填published。
4．考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，根据句意，此处用how作状语，修饰谓语动词talk，引导宾语从句，故填how。
5．考查介词。句意：不像与狗有关的研究，分析猫的行为很困难，这也是人类对它们了解较少的部分原因。空后是名词，根据句意，用介词unlike“不像”，构成介宾短语作状语，故Unlike。
6．考查状语从句。句意：猫待在实验室里通常会压力过大，结果有意义的行为研究成为不可能。根据句意，此处用so that引导结果状语从句，故填so that。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：别再想着让猫坐着不动，用核磁共振扫描来研究它的大脑功能了。get sb./sth. to do sth.“让某人/物做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，根据句意，故填to sit。
8．考查时态语态。句意：一开始，de Mouzon博士和她的团队担心猫没有反应，但在对录像进行分析后，他们注意到了微妙的反应。分析句子可知，notice作谓语，与主语reactions是被动关系，用被动语态，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were noticed。
9．考查代词。句意：“这可能只是移动一只耳朵，或者把头转向说话者，甚至是停住它们正在做的事情，” de Mouzon博士说。根据语境此处表示前文提到的cats，作主语用人称代词的主格，故填they。
10．考查定语从句。句意：在这项研究中，有一些情况下，猫会靠近说话者并发出喵喵的声音。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词case，从句中作抽象地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模英语试卷
21．had developed 22．offering 23．published 24．was considered 25．when 26．to tell 27．what 28．before 29．something 30．that##which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家的一项新发现，即当人们死亡的时候，人的一生会在眼前闪过。
21．考查时态。句意：一组科学家开始测量一名患有癫痫多年的87岁患者的脑电波。根据句中set以及后句中suffered可知，本句使用一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，who引导修饰先行词patient的定语从句，并在句中作主语，空处作谓语，且develop发生在set out之前，为“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。故填had developed。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：但在神经系统记录中，他致命的心脏病发作，意外地记录了一个垂死的大脑。分析句子结构可知，suffered在句中作谓语，offer作非谓语，且与逻辑主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填offering。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队在周二发表在《衰老神经科学前沿》上的研究中写道，这种大脑活动可能表明，一个人生命的最后时刻可能会发生最后的“生命回忆”。分析句子结构可知，publish在句中作后置定语，且与被修饰词study构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填published。
24．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该研究的合著者Ajmal Zemmar博士说，当时驻扎在加拿大温哥华的研究小组意外得到的东西被认为是有史以来第一份关于垂死的大脑的记录。根据句中said 可知，空处应用一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，what the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got作主语，空处应作谓语，且与句子主语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，从句在句中作主语，be动词应用was。故填was considered。
25．考查定语从句。句意：所以我们可以重温那些和亲人在一起的时刻和其他美好的回忆吗？分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词moments，先行词指时间，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。故填when。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：Zemmar博士说这是不可能辨别的。分析句子结构可知，it在宾语从句中作形式主语，后面应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to tell。
27．考查主语从句。句意：但是，对于每个人来说，难忘的东西是不同的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作主语，根据句意应指难忘的东西，应用what引导从句。故填what。
28．考查连词。句意：Zemmar博士现在是路易斯维尔大学的神经外科医生，他说，在患者心脏停止向大脑供血的前30秒内，他的脑电波遵循与我们进行高认知要求任务时相同的模式，如集中注意力、做梦或回忆。空处引导时间状语从句，根据第一段“New data from a scientific “accident” has suggested that life may actually flash before our eyes as we die.”可知，科学家们研究的是在人们快要死亡的时候的脑电波，也就是在心脏停止向大脑供血的前30秒，空处应用before，表示“在……之前”。故填before。
29．考查代词。句意：“我认为这整个濒死体验中有一些神秘和精神方面的东西，”Zemmar博士说。结合语意可知，此处表示“一些神秘和精神方面的东西”，空处应用不定代词something，表示“某些东西”。故填something。
30．考查定语从句。句意：像这样的发现——这是科学家们为之而活的时刻。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment，先行词指物，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题
21．yourself##yourselves 22．what 23．am reminded 24．to serve 25．haven’t seen 26．who##whom##that 27．posted 28．bumping 29．although##though##while 30．despite
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了虽然社交媒体有一些缺陷，但它仍然有好处，它对我们来说仍然不可替代。
21．考查代词。句意：你开始质疑自己为什么花这么多时间在社交媒体上。根据空后的“why you had spent all the time on it”和主语You可知，这里是说你开始质疑自己。应用you的反身代词yourself(你自己)或yourselves(你们自己)，作宾语。故填yourself/yourselves。
22．考查表语从句。句意：包括我在内的许多人都是这样。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“事情”，所以应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
23．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：但偶尔，我会想起它一直是一个多么强大的工具。根据句中的occasionally可知，这里表示习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。主语I和remind之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为I，所以be动词应用am。故填am reminded。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：它最初的、非商业化的使命是作为人们的纽带和友谊的促进者，这是无与伦比的。mission to do sth.意为“做……的使命”，不定式作后置定语。故填to serve。
25．考查时态。句意：我从16岁起就没见过他。根据句中的时间状语从句“since I was 16”可知，这里应用现在完成时，故填haven’t seen。
26．考查定语从句。句意：这是一张我不认识的小女孩的照片，她在学校才艺表演中获得一等奖。分析句子结构，空处引导一个定语从句，指代先行词a little girl，指人，且在从句中作know的宾语，所以可用关系代词who, whom或that引导。故填who/whom/that。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：Rob不同寻常地发布了一张照片，这是他在Facebook上的第一条帖子，上面标着他女儿就读的学校的名字，这所学校不在苏格兰，但离我家只有五英里。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语A photo和post之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填posted。
28．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们俩都惊讶于，多年来，我们住在这么近的地方，在同一家杂货店购物，乘坐同一辆通勤巴士，去同一家电影院，却从未撞上过对方，这是多么不可思议。空处应用动名词，作介词without的宾语。故填bumping。
29．考查状语从句。句意：事实是，即使我们有（撞上过对方），如果没有他的个人资料照片，我也不确定我会认出他。句中的“we had”和“I would have recognized him without his profile picture”之间是让步关系，所以应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句。故填although/though/while。
30．考查介词。句意：因此，尽管人们对社交媒体如何扰乱我们的生活进行了种种考虑和批评，但很高兴知道它仍然值得关注。“all the considerations and criticisms about how social media disturbs our lives”和“it is nice to know that it’s still worth pressing Like”之间是让步关系，应用介词despite构成介词短语作让步状语，意为“尽管”。故填despite。
2024届上海市奉贤区高三上学期一模英语试题
【答案】
21. how 22. could 23. were gathered 24. as 25. where
26. after 27. to discover 28. had sent 29. orbiting 30. concerned
【导读】文章大意：本文介绍了1963年，法国将一只猫送入太空的事件。在20世纪60年代初，科学家通常使用狗和猴子来了解外太空的危险条件，并评估人类是否能在地球大气层之外生存。这项任务成功地使法国成为将新物种送入太空的国家。科学家和工程师进行动物太空飞行实验的目的是为了了解它们在太空中是否会受到失重、辐射增加或其他影响的威胁。他们的实验成功为人类进入太空开辟了道路。
【解析】
how：根据句子结构和语境，此处要表达“科学家们想知道外太空的条件有多危险”，因此填入副词“how”。
could：根据句子结构和语境，此处要表达“科学家们使用狗和猴子来评估人类是否能在地球大气层之外生存”的意思，因此填入情态动词“could”。
were gathered：根据句子结构和语境，空格前是动词“gather”的被动形式，表示这些猫是被收集起来的，因此填入动词的过去时被动语态形式“were gathered”。
as：根据句子结构和语境，此处要表达“被简单称为C341”，表示两者是同一事物的不同名称，因此填入介词“as”。
where：根据句子结构和语境，此处是在描述C341被送往的地方，因此填入关系副词“where”。
after：根据句子结构和语境，此处是表示时间的连词，表示在“C341的飞行消息宣布后”，因此填入连词“after”。
to discover：根据句子结构和语境，此处是表示目的的动词不定式短语，表示法国媒体选择了“Felix”作为名字，后来才发现C341是雌性猫，因此填入动词不定式短语“to discover”。
had sent：根据句子结构和语境，此处是在描述之前已经有哪些动物被送入太空，因此填入动词的过去完成时形式“had sent”。
orbiting：根据句子结构和语境，此处要描述这两只蜘蛛是被带到了绕月球轨道上的天空实验室，因此填入动词的现在分词形式“orbiting”。
concerned：根据句子结构和语境，此处要表达“在外太空，人类可能面临的危险”，因此填入形容词“concerned”。
2024届上海市黄埔区高三上学期一模英语试题
【答案】21. what 22. for 23. have understood 24. to take 25. asking
26. if 27. that / which 28. featuring 29. planned 30. more exciting
【解析】
【导读】文章大意：作者一直对“居家度假”持怀疑态度，他们认为这个新词太可爱了，而且让人感到舒适：当其他人开着房车去探索蓝湖时，你可以待在自己的家里，去你平常去的超市买点心！但作者发现他们对“居家度假”的理解是错误的。事实上，没有计划地休息很难产生恢复效果。心理学教授詹姆斯·麦迪逊大学的杰米·库尔茨建议人们问自己：“如果我快搬走了，我最想做什么，和谁最想待在一起？”作者认同“活得每一天都像最后一天”这句话，因为它提醒人们时间飞逝，让人活得更好。无论你是否有一个正式的度假计划，你都可以把即将到来的周末看作是一个两天的迷你假期，并按照去一个新地方的方式来安排它。
what：根据上下文，这里需要填入一个名词，与“feels like a comfort”相呼应，表示“对于什么感觉像安慰”。句子结构为“too + 形容词 + for + 名词”，故填入what。
for：根据上下文，这里表示去超市“买点心”（cookies），表示目的地点，故填入for。
have understood：根据上下文，这里表示“我之前对居家度假的理解是错误的”，使用现在完成时。故填入have understood。
to take：根据上下文，这里表示“我的倾向是休息没有计划”，使用不定式作主语的形式表达。故填入to take。
asking：根据上下文，这里表示建议自己问自己一个问题，“问自己”用动词-ing形式表示。故填入asking。
if：根据上下文，这里表示“如果它让你更好地生活”的条件，使用连词if。故填入if。
that / which：根据上下文，这里表示“不尝起来可怕的素食冰淇淋”，引导非限制性定语从句，使用that或which。故填入that/which。
featuring：根据上下文，这里表示“展示自然界声音”的BBC播客，使用动词-ing形式表示特征。故填入featuring。
planned：根据上下文，这里表示“是否为即将到来的几周有一个合适的度假计划”，使用过去分词作后置定语。故填入planned。
more exciting：根据上下文，这里表示“一个比仅仅‘尽量多睡觉’和‘修剪草坪’更刺激的旅程”，需要形容词比较级。故填入more exciting。