2024届高三英语语法复习：名词课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
名 词
1. The Giant Panda National Park’s main goal is to
improve connectivity between separate ___________（population）and homes of
giant pandas.
populations
[解析] 考查名词的数。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，在句中作介词的宾语，应用可数名词population （族群）的复数形式。
2. China has a _____________（responsible）to work with
other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
responsibility
[解析] 考查名词。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。
3. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order
to promote environmental __________（protect）.
protection
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词作宾语。protection表示“保护”时是不可数名词，故填protection。
4. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the
traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical
conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation
and benefits the ____________（develop）of the local areas.
development
[解析] 考查名词。根据设空处前面的定冠词the可知，此处应填入名词development作动词benefits的宾语。
5. It is calculated by dividing a ________（person） weight
in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is
considered healthy.
person’s
[解析] 考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，person与后面的名词weight构成所属关系，应使用名词所有格，故填person’s。
〔必备知识〕
名词是一种实词，表示人、物、地点或抽象概念等的统一名称。它可以分为专有名词和普通名词。名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、同位语等成分。在高考中主要考查名词的数、名词所有格和词性转换。
一、名词的数
可 数 名 词 规则 变化 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s population→populations，
month→months
以-s、-x、-ch、 -sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es switch→switches, brush→brushes
以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es facility→facilities,
majority→majorities
以元音字母+y 结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays,
monkey→monkeys
以-o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加-es tomato→tomatoes,
potato→potatoes
可 数 名 词 规则 变化 以-o结尾的名 词 有些在词尾加-s piano→pianos, photo→photos
以-f、-fe结尾 的名词 一般要变f或fe为v 再加-es shelf→shelves, knife→knives
少数直接加-s roof→roofs, belief→beliefs
不规 则变 化 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species 变内部元音 man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet 名词前有man 或woman修饰 man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式,如a woman doctor→women doctors, a man teacher→men teachers 续表
二、名词所有格
名词所有格 -’s所有 格 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。（1）一般是
名词词尾加-’s，如John’s home约翰的家；（2）以-s或-es
结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加-’，如students’ textbooks
学生们的课本；（3）词尾不带-（e）s的复数名词，仍加-’s，如children’s game 孩子们的游戏
of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，
如the title of the article文章的标题；名词短语或有定语
修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格，如the name of the
girl over there那边的那个女孩的名字
名词所有格 双重所 有格 双重所有格的构成为“名词＋of＋-’s所有格”或“名词＋of＋
名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名
词前可用a、any、some、a few、two、this、that、these、
those 等修饰，但一般不用the。如a picture of my
mother’s我母亲（拥有）的一张照片；this little cat of
your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫
续表
三、常见名词后缀
名词后缀：动词变名词 -al approve→approval arrive→arrival
-ance/-ence appear→appearance exist→existence
-tion/-ation compete→competition explain→explanation
-（ss）ion discuss→discussion admit→admission
-ment achieve→achievement argue→argument
-ure/-ture press→pressure mix→mixture
-y recover→recovery discover→discovery
其他 choose→choice vary→variety
名词后缀：形容词变名词 -age short→shortage
-cy efficient→efficiency fluent→fluency
-dom free→freedom wise→wisdom
-ce different→difference silent→silence
-ness weak→weakness careless→carelessness
-th warm→warmth
-ty/-ity safe→safety responsible→responsibility
续表
〔技巧点拨〕
典例1 In recent years some Inuit in Nunavut have reported increases in bear
sightings around human settlements, leading to a ______（believe） that
populations are increasing.
belief
[解析] 思路点拨 根据句子成分和设空处前的限定词判断词性。 设空处作leading to的宾语且前面有不定冠词a修饰,应该用believe的名词形式。
典例2 No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various
_________（activity） on Earth Day.
activities
[解析] 思路点拨 根据限定词确定名词的数。根据设空处前的various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。
〔分层特训〕
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Grain Rain originates from the old saying “Rain brings
up the _______（grow） of hundreds of grains”, which shows that this period of
rainfall is extremely important.
growth
[解析] 考查名词。句意：谷雨源于古语“雨生百谷”，这说明这段时间的降雨极其重要。空格处用名词作宾语，grow的名词形式是growth。
2. Despite the __________（oppose） of his family, Shi
resigned from his leadership position at a state-owned firm and began his fight
against desertification.
opposition
[解析] 考查名词。Despite为介词，后接名词作宾语，oppose的名词形式是opposition。
3. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top
will remind you how tiny we ________（human） are.
humans
[解析] 考查名词的数。句意：一旦你站在山顶上，你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你，我们人类是多么渺小。设空处作we的同位语，we为复数且设空处后的谓语动词是are，应用human的复数形式。
4. _________ （activity）there range from whale watching to
hiking（远足）and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural
environment.
Activities
[解析] 考查名词的数。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语，设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
5. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at
the different gates and ____________（watchtower） to take pictures or just to
watch the local people going about their daily routines.
watchtowers
[解析] 考查名词的数。watchtower是可数名词，意为“瞭望塔”。根据and前的形容词different和复数名词gates可知，此处也用复数形式。
6. Historical _________（accurate） is important but so is
entertainment. Museums must compete for people’s spare time and money with
other amusements.
accuracy
[解析] 考查名词。设空句句意：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。设空处在句中作主语，故使用名词accuracy。
7. The far side of the moon is of particular ________
（interesting） to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters （环形山）, more
so than the familiar near side.
interest
[解析] 考查名词。“be of+抽象名词”为固定结构。be of（particular） interest=be（particularly） interesting。故设空处要用名词interest。
8. Chinese New Year is a ___________（celebrate） marking
the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
celebration
[解析] 考查名词。设空处在句中作表语，空前有不定冠词a修饰，故用名词celebration。
9. When they were free from work， they invited us to local events and let us
know of an interesting ___________（compete）to watch， together with the
story behind it.
competition
[解析] 考查名词。设空处前有不定冠词an和形容词interesting修饰，结合语境可知此处要用名词形式。an interesting competition一场有趣的比赛。
10. A mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart
disease and early deaths from all _______（cause）.
causes
[解析] 考查名词的数。根据语境和空前的all可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填causes。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A science lecture 400 kilometers
above Earth was delivered by Chinese astronauts on China’s Tiangong space
station,1. . they displayed unique physical phenomena in the orbiting
spacecraft. 2. .（feature）interactive teaching, it was mainly targeted at
youngsters.
In 2013,3. . the assistance of two other crew members, Wang Yaping
delivered the country’s first space lecture, making China, following the United
States, 4. .（become） the second country to carry out a space lecture.
where
Featuring
with
become
Compared with the lecture eight years ago, the lecture in 2021 was
5. .（great） different. Apart from a bigger “classroom”, it covered a
6. .（wide） range of subjects. Previously Wang showed students the laws
of physics and the phenomena of 7. .（weightless） in space. But
this year, biology8. .（add）. The astronauts compared the growth and
shape of cells in different environments to study their 9. .（change）
rules.
10. . these space lectures showed various topics, the aim
behind never changed. According to China Daily, the space lectures aim to
“spread knowledge about manned space flights and spark enthusiasm for science
among young people”.
greatly
wider
weightlessness
was added
changing
Though/Although/While
1. _______
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词“China’s Tiangong space station”指地点，由此可知答案为where。
2. _________
Featuring
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。feature和it为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
3. _____
with
[解析] 考查介词。with the assistance of在……的协助下。
4. ________
become
[解析] 考查固定短语。make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。
5. _______
greatly
[解析] 考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词different，作状语，且有“非常”之意。故填greatly。
6. ______
wider
[解析] 考查形容词的比较级。根据上文“Compared with the lecture eight years ago”可知，此处在和八年前对比，应用比较级，故填wider。
7. ______________
weightlessness
[解析] 考查名词。介词of后面应该接名词作宾语，故填weightlessness，意为“失重”。
8. ___________
was added
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。add这个动作发生在过去，且动词add与名词biology构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；主语biology为不可数名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
9. _________
changing
[解析] 考查现在分词。由语境可知此处表示“变化规律”，应用分词作定语，rules与change之间为主动关系，故填changing。
10. _____________________
Though/Although/While
[解析] 考查状语从句。句意：虽然这些空间讲课展示了各种主题，但背后的目标从未改变。由句意可知句中逗号前后内容为让步关系，设空处位于句首，故填Though或Although或While。