(共89张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Period One Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
B．把手；拉手；柄；处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
C．证据；证明；检验
D．未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
E．相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
1．Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. ( )
2．You have no proof of my involvement in anything. ( )
3．We were worried she wouldn’t be able to handle it, but she came through in the end. ( )
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
4．We are faced with two apparently contradictory statements. ( )
5．The country has to import most of its raw materials. ( )
【答案】4．E 5．D
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．infection n. →__________ adj. 传染性的；感染的
(参考：caution→cautious)
2．subscribe vi. →__________ n. 订阅；(报刊等的)订阅费；订阅款
(参考：describe→description)
【答案】1．infectious 2．subscription
3．pure adj. →__________ vt. 使(某物)洁净；净化
(参考：simple→simplify)
4．decrease n. &vt. &vi. →__________
vi. &vt. (使)增长；增多；增加 n. 增长；增多；增加
5．transform vt. &vi. →__________ n. 转型；转变；改变
(参考：inform→information)
【答案】3．purify 4．increase 5．transformation
Ⅲ．猜短语填空
once and for all；subscribe to；thanks to；be to blame for
1．I have ordered a number of journals concerned with my major.
＝I have ___________________ a number of journals concerned with my major.
【答案】1．subscribed to
2．One in four cases of dementia(痴呆) is scolded for drinking, doctors have warned.
＝Drinking may ______________________ one in four cases of dementia, doctors have warned.
【答案】2．be to blame for
3．Owing to recent research, effective treatments are available.
＝____________ recent research, effective treatments are available.
4．We have to resolve this matter completely.
＝We have to resolve this matter ________________.
【答案】3．Thanks to 4．once and for all
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ．阅读课文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”，匹配段落大意
( )Paragraph 1 ( )Paragraph 2 ( )Paragraph 3 ( )Paragraph 4 ( )Paragraph 5 A．Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
B．John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.
C．He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.
D．He needed to prove the second theory was correct.
E．He finally found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera.
【答案】1－5 BCDEA
Ⅱ．阅读课文，判断信息正误
( )1．Cholera causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, but never causes death.
( )2．In the early 18th century, millions of people died from the outbreak of cholera in Europe.
( )3．In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
【答案】1－3 FFT
( )4．John Snow discovered that in two particular streets，the outbreak of cholera was so severe that more than 5，000 people died in ten days.
( )5．With enough evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.
( )6．Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera because of the work of John Snow.
【答案】4－6 FTT
Ⅲ．阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1．According to John Snow’s view, ________.
A．Queen Victoria suffered a lot from bad health
B．a cure had been found for cholera before his time
C．cholera’s cause had to be discovered in order to control it
D．thousands of terrified people knew what they should do
【答案】C
( )2．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in
A．A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.
B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.
D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
【答案】B
( )3．Before 1854, when cholera broke out, ______.
A．many thousands of people died
B．people with cholera could be cured
C．John Snow began to know its cause
D．John Snow became inspired
【答案】A
( )4．How did people defeat “King Cholera”
A．By not polluting the river again.
B．By eating healthy diets.
C．By delivering the water from other rivers.
D．By stopping drinking the polluted water.
【答案】D
( )5．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．John Snow was a well－known doctor in London.
B．The cause of cholera was the polluted water.
C．The source of all drinking water supplies should be examined.
D．How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it.
【答案】D
Ⅳ．课文语法填空
John Snow was a famous doctor in London in the 19th century. He was so expert that he attended to Queen Victoria 1. ______ she gave birth. However, he was frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera, one of the most feared 2. __________ (disease) in the world.
【答案】1．when 2．diseases
At that time, there were two 3. ________(contradict) theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease. John Snow subscribed 4. __________ the other that cholera was caused by an 5. ____________(infect) from germs in food or water.
【答案】3．contradictory 4．to 5．infection
6. ___________(consequent), when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He marked on a map 7. _________ exact places where all those who died had lived. With the help of the map, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and he suspected that the water pump was 8. ________ (blame). So he had the handle of the pump 9. ____________ (remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
【答案】6．Consequently 7.the 8.to blame 9.removed
By using maps and statistics, Snow 10. __________ (transform) the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
【答案】10．transformed
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．once and for all 最终地；彻底地
(P2)However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
【翻译】然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
【用法详解】
all at once 突然；同时
at once 立刻；马上
once and again 一而再；再三
once or twice 一两次；几次
I’m warning you once and for all; if you don’t stop disturbing me，you’ll be regretful.
我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止地纠缠我，你会后悔的。
【针对练习】
单句填空
(1)All ________once there was someone knocking on the door.
(2)He was punished once ________again for telling lies.
【答案】(1)at (2)and
完成句子
(3)他一个月去一两次巴黎。
He visits Pairs ____________ a month.
(4)是我们彻底处理这个问题的时候了。
It is time we ________.
【答案】(3)once or twice
(4)handled this problem once and for all
2．infection n. 感染；传染
(P2)The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
【翻译】另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。
【用法详解】
(1)infect vt. 使感染；传染
be infected with… 感染上……；传染上……
(2)infectious adj. 感染的；传染性的
Some people can be infected with the disease and have mild symptoms.
有些人可能感染了这种疾病，症状轻微。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected ________ the flu.
(2)Don’t you find her enthusiasm ________(infect)
【答案】(1)with (2)infectious
完成句子
(3)Are you sure there is ________________ now
你确定现在没有感染的危险吗
(4)The composer __________________ terrible bacteria and soon died.
这位作曲家感染了可怕的细菌，不久之后就去世了。
【答案】(3)no danger of infection (4)was infected with
3．subscribe vi . 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
(P2)Snow subscribed to the second theory.
【翻译】斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【用法详解】
(1)subscribe to 订阅(报纸、杂志等)；签字认可；同意；向……捐赠
subscribe for 预定；认购
(2)subscription n. 订金；订阅；签署
(3)subscriber n. 订户；捐献者
How many shares did you subscribe for in the new company
你在这家新公司认购了多少股份
【语境串记】
The subscriber never subscribes to the view that he is richer than others.
这位捐助者从不认为自己比别人富有。
【针对练习】
指出下列各句中subscribe to的含义。
(1)I can’t subscribe to your plan because it is not reasonable. ________
(2)They refused to subscribe to the agreement. ________
(3)We subscribe to an animal protection society. ________
(4)Which journals does the library subscribe to？________
【答案】(1)同意 (2)签名 (3)向……捐赠 (4)订阅
4．suspect vt. &. vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
(P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
【翻译】斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
【用法详解】
suspect sb. to be＋n. /adj. 怀疑某人……
suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做了某事
be suspicious of/about… 对……怀疑
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)He _______________ at the party last night, and the police were looking into the matter.
他被怀疑在昨晚的聚会上偷了戒指，警察正在调查这个事件。
(2)I began to ____________ me.
我开始怀疑他邀请我的动机。
【答案】(1)was suspected of stealing the ring
(2)suspect his motivation in inviting
句型转换
(3)I suspect that he is the pickpocket. (用suspect sb. to be… 改为简单句)
I suspect ____________.
【答案】(3)him to be the pickpocket
5．blame vt. 责怪；指责；把……归咎于
n. 指责；责备
(P2)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
【翻译】斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
【用法详解】
(1)blame sb. for… 因……而指责某人
blame sth. on sb. 把……归咎于某人
be to blame for sth. 因某事而指责某人(主动形式表被动意义)
(2)take/bear the blame 承担责任
put/place the blame on sb. 把责任推到某人身上
But I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
但我经常做疯狂的梦，在梦中我应该为米勒的事故负责。
【语境串记】
Don’t always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame, that is to say，you should take the blame for failure.
不要总是把自己的失败归咎于别人。有时候你自己应该受到责备，也就是说，你应该为失败承担责任。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)They think the blame should be placed __________ the conductor.
(2)Mrs Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one __________(blame).
【答案】(1)on (2)to blame
完成句子
(3)The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the lorry driver that should ______________ it.
警方已经查明这起交通事故的起因，是那位卡车司机应为此负责。
【答案】(3)take the blame for
6．link n. 联系；纽带
vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
(P3)Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
【翻译】而且，斯诺后来还指出了其他霍乱病例和伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
【用法详解】
link…to/with… 把……与……连接；联系
be linked with… 把……与……联系起来
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
指纹证实了犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪行为。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)He ________closely __________ in the public mind ________ horror movies.
在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
【答案】(1)is; linked; with
一句多译
(2)There are many serious health problems which __________ smoking.
→We always __________ many serious health problems __________ smoking.
很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
【答案】(2)are linked with; link; with/to
7．decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量
vt. &vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(P3)Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
【翻译】 通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，霍乱对世界各地的威胁大幅减少。
【用法详解】
(1)a decrease in… ……的减少
on the decrease在减少
(2)decrease (from… ) to… (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by… 减少了…… (表示减少的量)
decrease in… 在……方面减少
This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
这种鸟的数量每年都在减少。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The number of the students in each class is ________ the decrease.
(2)The decrease ________ sales was almost 20 percent.
【答案】(1)on (2)in
(3)The production of wheat has decreased __________20% because of the dry weather.
(4)The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease ________ 150 in 1850 to 26 today.
【答案】(3)by (4)from
8．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变
(P3)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
【翻译】此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【用法详解】
(1)transform…into… 把……变成……
transform…from…to… 把……从……变成……
be transformed from…to…
由……变成……；由……迁到……
(2)transformation n. 转变；变化
The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a well-known star.
这部电影让她几乎一夜之间从一位不知名的女学生变成一个众所周知的明星。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The Browns have transformed their garage ________ a guest house.
(2)In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete __________ (transform).
(3)His characters ______________(transform) by success and wealth since years ago.
【答案】(1)into (2)transformation (3)have been transformed
完成句子
(4)They successfully ________________________ a global one.
他们成功地把这家公司变成了一家全球性的公司。
【答案】(4)transformed the company into
◇句式解读
1．(P2)It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
【翻译】这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以她每天都让人把水送到家里来。
【句式剖析】
本句是主从复合句。It seemed that… (看来……)，that 引导主语从句，it是形式主语。另外这个句子里还有“so…that…(如此……以至于……)”和“have sth. done(让某事被做)”这两个结构。
【归纳拓展】
(1)It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句，that引导主语从句，常用于该句型的不及物动词(短语)有：seem(看上去)，turn out(证明是)，appear(显得)，happen(碰巧)。
(2)①so…that… 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。其常见形式为：
②such…that… 意为“如此……以至于……”，such后接名词。其常见形式为：
(3)“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法有以下几种：
have sb. /sth. doing让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行的含义)
have sb. do让某人做某事
have sth. done让/请别人做某事；遭受到
It turned out that we were wrong.
结果证明我们错了。
It is so good a camping spot that I’d like to go there again.
这个露营地点如此好，以至于我想再去一次。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)____________________ that you disagree on the plan.
在我看来你不同意这个计划。
(2)____________________ the harvest was bad that year.
那年碰巧收成不好。
【答案】(1)It seems to me (2)It happened that
(3)We did _______________ we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
我们做得很好，以至于被邀请与学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。
(4)In order to make herself more beautiful, she _________ ___________ yesterday.
为了让自己更漂亮，她昨天把头发剪了。
【答案】(3)so well that (4)had her hair cut
2．(P3)Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
【翻译】通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，霍乱对世界各地的威胁大幅减少。
【句式剖析】
“the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease”是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。“无生命的名词＋see/find/witness…”意为“……经历、发生、见证、目睹某事”。
【归纳拓展】
有些动词，如see, find, witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。
The twentieth century witnessed two world wars.
二十世纪经历了两次世界大战。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)_________________ the improvement of people’s life.
这棵老树见证了人们的生活得到了改善。
(2)_______________ him wandering alone in the evening.
夜晚，他独自一人在寂静的街道上徘徊。
【答案】(1)The old tree has seen (2)The quiet street found
3．(P3)Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
【翻译】此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【句式剖析】
“Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases”，是主从复合句。“scientists study diseases”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰“the way”。
【归纳拓展】
在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况：
(1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in which，that或省略。
(2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which。
(3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that, which或省略。
During those times, music can help you in the same way (that/ in which) it helped me.
在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)What surprised me was not what he said but the way _____ he said it.
(2)No one will support the way _______ he mentioned at the meeting.
(3)Is this the way __________ was against by many people
【答案】(1)in which/that/省略 (2)that/which/省略
(3)which/that
完成句子
(4)The Smiths are praised for _____________ their children.
史密斯夫妇因教育孩子的方式而受到称赞。
(5)I don’t know ___________________ such a big fire.
我不知道汤姆是怎么在这么大的火灾中幸存下来的。
【答案】(4)the way they bring up
(5)the way Tom survived
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual __________(subscribe) in America, usually from $8 to $10 a year.
2．A large number of people were __________(severe) injured in the accident.
【答案】1．subscriptions 2．severely
3．____________(suspect) the traveller of carrying drugs, the customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
4．Either he or his wife is __________(blame) for the bad behaviour of the boy.
5．Most food webs, for instances, consist of many weak ________(link) rather than a few strong ones.
【答案】3．Suspecting 4．to blame 5．links
6．They ____________(defeat) their enemies before they could get help.
7．Although her relatives didn’t think she could live for three months, the old doctor finally cured her __________ her disease.
8．Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not __________(handle) properly, may contribute to spreading diseases.
【答案】6．had defeated 7．of 8．handled
9．The accidents have decreased____________20% since the measure was taken.
10．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. But it seems ________ many people don’t cook fish at home.
【答案】9．by 10．that
Ⅱ．短语填空
be infected with; thanks to; be to blame; once and for all; suspect sb. of sth. ; be linked to
1．__________________ the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.
2．The teacher has warned the student ______________.
【答案】1．Thanks to 2．once and for all
3．Some people were not concerned about the disease because they didn’t think they could ______________________ it.
4．The police ________________ him ________________ having taken the money.
【答案】3．be infected with 4．suspected; of
5．The spokesman said that the poor safety standards ______________________ for last Sunday’s accident.
6．It is obvious that lung cancer ____________________ heavy smoking.
【答案】5．were to blame 6．is linked to
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on ______________________ in senior high school.
我很荣幸能在这里和大家分享关于高中学什么的看法。
【答案】1．what to learn
2．The houses in the city are ____________________ families with low income can’t afford to buy one.
城市里的房子太贵了，低收入家庭买不起。
3．___________________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释这个句子的方式并不难理解。
【答案】2．so expensive that 3．The way that
4．___________________ most houses have been destroyed by the storm.
看来大多数房屋都被暴风雨毁坏了。
5．Tom ___________________ an hour before his plane left.
汤姆在飞机起飞前一小时托运了行李。
【答案】4．It seems that 5．had his luggage checked (共77张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Period Two Learning About Language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．细胞；小房间；单间牢房
B．框架；结构
C．蛋白质
D．病毒
E．思想；思维；见解
1．I have to do some thinking before making a decision. ( )
2．Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein. ( )
3．The cancer cells may invade other parts of the body.( )
4．This software is designed to scan all new files for viruses.
( )
5．The report provides a framework for further research. ( )
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．finding n. →__________ vt. 发现；找回；找到
(参考：suffering→suffer)
2．initial adj. →__________ adv. 开始；最初；起初
(参考：careful→carefully)
【答案】1．find 2．initially
Ⅲ．预备语法(表语从句)
观察下列句子，并根据句意填上适当的词
1．One theory was __________ bad air caused the disease.
2．If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s __________ I was up all night.
【答案】1．that 2．because
3．That task is too hard for us, that is __________ I object to the plan.
4．That is __________ I will tell you about the meeting.
5．The truth was __________ the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
【答案】3．why 4．what 5．that
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．make sense 讲得通，有意义；明智；理解
(P4)Targeting the host rather than the (infection) was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus.
【翻译】以宿主为目标而不是以感染为目标有点非传统，但也说得通，因为以病毒为目标是很棘手的。
【用法详解】
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)
(3)There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理/没意义。
Planning so far ahead makes no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
提前这么久做计划没有意义，许多事情到第二年可能已经变了。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Can you make sense ________ what this American is saying
你听得懂这个美国人在说些什么吗
【答案】(1)of
(2)It________________ to work out the plan before it is too late.
在还不算太晚之前来制订这个计划是明智的。
(3)___________________ about the future.
为将来的事情担忧是毫无意义的。
【答案】(2)makes sense (3)There’s no sense in worrying
2．advance n. 发展；进步 vt. 促进；前进；提前
(P4)Though these scientists have made (substantial) advances in their research, further (proof) is needed to make sure such drugs are not so (severe) that they harm the body.
【翻译】尽管这些科学家在他们的研究中取得了重大进展，但还需要进一步的证据来确保这些药物不会严重到伤害身体的地步。
【用法详解】
make great advances in … 在……方面取得很大的进步
in advance 预先；提前
advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
be advanced to … 被选拔为……
China has made great advances in economy in the past forty years.
在过去的四十年，中国在经济方面取得了巨大进步。
【语境串记】
With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance.
借助先进的技术，我们可以提前完成任务。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The factory brought in the most ________(advance) equipment.
(2)He was advanced __________ his present job two years ago.
【答案】(1)advanced (2)to
完成句子
(3)Mary ___________________ thanks to the help of Mr Brown.
幸亏有了布朗先生的帮助，玛丽在学业上取得了很大进步。
【答案】(3)has made great advances in her study
3．be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
(P5)What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London
【翻译】在1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺决心找出什么
【用法详解】
(1)determine vt. 决定；确定；下定决心
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事
determine to do sth. 决心做某事
determine on/upon 决定
(2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
(3)determination n. 决心；果断
He determined to rescue his two countrymen.
他决心要援救他的两位同胞。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)My ten-year-old son was growing and changing right before my eyes，into this ________(determine) human being with a passion and a mission.
(2)We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and ________________ (determine).
【答案】(1)determined (2)determination
【用法详解】
一句多译
(3)他想到了妈妈的期望，决定不撒谎。
He thought of his mother’s hope，and _________________.
＝He thought of his mother’s hope，and________________.
＝He thought of his mother’s hope，and _____________.
【答案】(3)was determined that he would not tell a lie；(was) determined not to tell a lie；determined on/upon not telling a lie
4．get down to着手做；认真做
(P5)This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.
【翻译】这时你应该冷静下来，做一些扎实的工作。
【用法详解】
get down to短语中的to是介词，其后面接名词或动名词作宾语。
get across (to) 把……表达清楚；使理解
get through 通过；完成
get over 克服；恢复过来
get in 插话；收获
get around 传播；流传
get away 逃离；摆脱
get along with 与……和睦相处；取得进展
She talks so much that you can’t get a word in.
她说得太多了，你一句话也插不进去。
I don’t think that your lecture got across to the audience, for they appeared quite puzzled.
我认为听众没有理解你的演讲，因为他们显得很困惑。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)They have just come here to get down to ________(repair) the damaged statues.
(2)We need to get down ________ the serious business of working out costs.
【答案】(1)repairing (2)to
用get的短语填空
(3)He can’t ____________ his colleagues, so he feels lonely.
(4)Let’s start. There’s a lot of work to __________.
(5)How can the people in the underdeveloped countries ______________ from poverty
【答案】(3)get along with (4)get through (5)get away
◇句式解读
1．(P4)Many scientists (subscribe to) the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.
【翻译】许多科学家认为是人类活动造成了全球变暖。
【句式剖析】
本句是一个强调句型，强调的是主语human activity; 正常的语序为：human activity has caused global warming。
【归纳拓展】
(1)强调句型强调的句子成分通常为主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等，一般不强调谓语动词、表语、让步状语等。当强调的是主语时，其谓语动词应和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致。强调谓语动词时，用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。
(2)强调句型基本结构：
陈述句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(指人)＋句子其余部分。
一般疑问句式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分
特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其余部分
(3)含有“not…until… ”的句式：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分。
(4)强调句型的判断：将强调句结构中的It is/was…that/ who… 去掉，如果句子所剩下的部分不缺少任何成分，仍是一个完整的句子，这个句子就是强调句，否则就是其他从句。
What was it that prevented him from coming on time
是什么使得他没按时来
It was not until I returned home that my mother went to bed.
直到我回家，我妈妈才上床睡觉。
【针对练习】
按要求进行句型转换
(1)My mother always gives me encouragement whenever I meet with difficulties.
→________________________ (强调句子主语)
【答案】It is my mother that/who always gives me encouragement whenever I meet with difficulties.
(2)It was at the cinema that I met an old friend of mine.
→____________________ (改为一般疑问句)
【答案】Was it at the cinema that you met an old friend of yours
(3)It was Tom that broke the window.
→____________________ (改为特殊疑问句)
【答案】Who was it that broke the window
2．(P4)Cold-causing virus are not only of (multiple) kinds, they also transform rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine.
【翻译】引起感冒的病毒不仅种类繁多，而且转化迅速，这意味着它们可以迅速产生抗药性。
【句式剖析】
“not only…but also… ”是连词词组，用来连接两个并列的句子成分，but或also有时可以省略。
【归纳拓展】
(1)“not only…but (also)… ”通常连接两个并列成分，如主语、谓语、宾语等，还可连接两个句子。
(2)“not only…but (also)… ”连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要和but (also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。有类似用法的结构还有“not…but…”“either…or…” “neither… nor…”等。
(3)“not only…but (also)… ”连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句要部分倒装， 但but (also)后的句子不倒装。
He not only explained to us why he was late, but also apologized to us.
他不仅向我们解释了他迟到的原因，还向我们道歉了。(连接两个谓语)
Not only I but also he looks down upon those who always rely on others.
不仅我还有他都瞧不起那些总是依靠别人的人。
The architect as well as some experts is to attend the conference tomorrow.
那位建筑师和一些专家明天要参加会议。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Not only I but also he __________(attach) the importance to recycling garbage.
(2)He not only exercises outdoors ________ reads books indoors every weekend.
(3)Not only had she __________(provide) the old man with accommodations, but she had also bought a single for him.
【答案】(1)attaches (2)but(also) (3)provided
完成句子
(4)___________________ has got stuck in the traffic jam.
不仅是学生们，老师也被困在了交通堵塞中。
【答案】(4)Not only the students but (also) the teacher
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
①The trouble is that I have lost his address.
②Fame and personal gain is what they’re after.
③The question is who we should trust.
④—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game
—Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
【我的领悟】
句①②③④中画线部分都是引导的 ________从句，其中，句①中that在从句中不作任何成分，句②中what在从句中作__________；句③的who在从句中作__________；句④的what在从句中作__________。
Keys：表语； 宾语；宾语；主语
□表语从句
一、定义及类型
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。表语从句位于连系动词后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
常见的系动词的三种类型：
A．表示特征或状态：be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell, appear等。
B．表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等。
C．表示持续某种状态：remain, keep, prove, continue, stay等。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
问题是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
二、表语从句的引导词
引导表语从句的词有从属连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，以及as if, as though, because等其他连词。
类别 引导词 用法
从属 连词 that 只起连接作用，不作句子成分，无实际意义
whether 只起连接作用，不作句子成分，意为“是否”，不能用if 替换
类别 引导词 用法
连接 代词 who, what, whom，whose, which等 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等
连接副词 when, where, why，how等 在从句中作状语
其他 连词 because 主句的主语一般不用reason
as if/as though 表语从句表示的情况在发生的可能性较小时，常用虚拟语气
1．由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句
从属连词that的用法：①无意义；②不充当成分。而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是某些抽象名词，如question，trouble，problem，result，chance，suggestion，idea，reason 等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.
他缺席的原因是没有通知他。
The point is whether we should lend him the money.
关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
她不能理解的是越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。
【温馨提示】
if不能引导表语从句。
2．由连接代词引导的表语从句
在连接代词who，what，which，whom，whose等引导的表语从句中，连接代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语等，并且不能省略。
The question is which of us should go.
问题是我们哪一个应该去。
The problem was who could do the work.
问题是谁能做这项工作。
That’s what he is worrying about.
那就是他在担心的事。
That’s what we should do.
那是我们应该做的。
3．由连接副词引导的表语从句
在连接副词 when，where，why，how 等引导的表语从句中，连接副词在从句中作状语。
Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
去把你的衣服拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through.
我既没雨衣也没雨伞。那就是我湿透的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.
那就是老鼠每年怎样损害大量粮食的。
4．由其他连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句
It looked as if it was going to snow.
看起来好像要下雪了。
That’s because we never thought of it.
这是因为我们从未想过此事。
It seems as though he didn’t know the answer.
好像他不知道答案。
【易混辨析】
why 和 because 引导的表语从句的区别
句式 用法
That’s why… 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That’s because… 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
I didn’t phone her，and that’s why she got angry with me. (强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
I didn’t phone her，and that’s because I got angry with her. (强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
【温馨提示】
reason 作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用 that 引导，不宜用 because。
5．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。
My advice is that you(should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你(应该)尽可能多地练习说英语。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
□针对练习
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The traditional view is ____________we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
2．See the flags on top of the building That was __________ we did this morning.
3．The energy is ____________ makes the cells able to do their work.
【答案】1．that 2．what 3．what
4．What I want to know is ____________ he likes the gift given by us.
5．The problem is ____________ we can get to take the place of Ted.
6．The reason why he failed is ____________ he was too careless.
【答案】4．whether 5．who 6．that
7．The trouble is ____________ we are short of tools.
8．America was ____________ was first called “India” by Columbus.
9．What he really means is ____________ he disagrees with us.
10．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that __________________ you had a few days off
【答案】7．that 8．what 9．that 10．why
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．The question is ______________ at the party tomorrow.
问题是他明天会什么时候出现在聚会。
【答案】1．when he will show up
2．What made the school proud was _______________ had been admitted to key universities.
让这个学校感到骄傲的是，超过90%的学生被重点大学录取。
3．________________ it was too valuable for everyday use.
问题是它作为日常之用太贵了。
【答案】 2．that more than 90% of the students
3．the problem was that
4．What your father wants to know is _____________ getting on with your studies.
你父亲想知道的是你的学习情况如何。
5．What surprised me was _______________ he said it.
使我吃惊的不是他说什么，而是他说话的方式。
【答案】4．how you are 5．not what he said but the way
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．This research has done much to __________(促进；进步) our understanding of language learning.
2．Now the experts are devoted to the research on the ________(疫苗).
3．There is __________(可靠的) evidence to show he wasn’t there when the crime took place.
【答案】1．advance 2．vaccine 3．solid
4．His ________(最初的) reaction to this matter is excellent.
5．I want to know what your __________(思想；见解) is on this question.
6．Scientists have recently provided us with some worrying ______________(发现；研究结果).
7．An unknown __________(病毒) has just attacked my computer.
【答案】4．initial 5．thinking 6．findings 7．virus
8．Fish was a major source of ______________(蛋白质) for the working man.
9．Those ______________(细胞) divide and give many other different types.
10．This bridge over the river has a steel ____________(框架).
【答案】8．protein 9．cells 10．framework
Ⅱ．短语填空
in advance；make sense；carry out；rather than；care about；in the first place；get down to
1．With the election out of the way(结束)，the government can ________ business.
2．You have to fix visits up____________ with the museum.
【答案】1．get down to 2．in advance
3．Planning so far ahead doesn’t__________—so many things will have changed by the end of next year.
4．Armed with the new GNSS(全球导航卫星系统)，they’re able to ________________ their plans to help people.
5．To master a foreign language，we should have a large vocabulary ________.
【答案】3．make sense 4．carry out 5．in the first place
6．In my opinion，you shouldn’t ____________your appearance too much.
7．It’s better to express your anger，____________________ bottle it up(压抑).
【答案】6．care about 7．rather than
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．_________________ asking questions if you don’t listen to the answer.
如果你不听答案，提问题就没有意义了。
2．It was _________________ that I realised the importance of team work.
直到上学期，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。
【答案】1．There is no sense in 2．not until last term
3．_____________________ Spanish, but she’s also good with computers.
她不仅会说西班牙语，还精通计算机。
4．Tang Poetry is __________________ the next class, scheduled on 20 July in the school library.
唐诗是我们下节课要学的内容，预定于7月20日在学校图书馆进行。
【答案】3．Not only does she speak 4．what we are going to learn
5．_____________________ he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他是否能来参加珍妮的生日聚会还不确定。
【答案】5．It is uncertain whether (共82张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Period Three Using Language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．改变；转换；轮班；转移；挪动；转向
B．弱点；过错
C．优秀的；杰出的；明显的
D．阴影；影子；背光处
E．抽象的；理性的；(文献等的)摘要
1．The sun shone through the leaves, casting shadows on the lawn. ( )
2．His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team. ( )
3．He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents. ( )
4．He is proud of his children and blind to their faults. ( )
5．She shifted her weight from one foot to the other. ( )
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．A
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．defend vt. →__________ n. 防御；保护；防卫
(参考：offend→offence)
2．assistant n. →__________ n. 帮助；援助；支持
【答案】1．defence 2．assistance
3．gifted adj. →__________ n. 礼物；天赋
(参考：talented→talent)
4．steady adj. →__________ adv. 稳定地；坚定地；坚固地
(参考：happy→happily)
【答案】3．gift 4．steadily
Ⅲ．预备写作素材
1．He ________________ on Nov. 13, 1968．(出生在中国)
2．He was a great man _______________ Father of Chinese Chips. (有……之名)
3．He was born into _______________. (一个贫穷的家庭)
【答案】1．was born in China
2．with the name of 3．a poor family
4．He studied at a local high school and __________ ________. (毕业于北京大学)
5．He is such _______________ that we all admire him. (一个有学问的人)
6．He devoted _________________. (他把一生都献给了工作)
【答案】4．graduated from Peking University
5．a learned person 6．all his life to the work
7．He _______________ our country. (做出了巨大的贡献)
8．He was ______________ by many people. (被高度评价)
9．He will live _____________ us forever. (在……心中)
10．He devotes himself to ________________. (实现他的人生目标)
【答案】7．made great contributions to 8．highly thought of 9．in the hearts of 10．achieving his life goal
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ．阅读课文，判断信息正误
( )1．Born in Beijing in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
( )2．Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.
( )3．After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955．
【答案】1－3 FTT
( )4．When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？” Qian’s reply was yes.
( )5．Stephen Hawking was the most famous and gifted scientist in physics.
( )6．Stephen Hawking is brilliant，brave, determined，although sometimes he was careless.
【答案】4－6 TFT
Ⅱ．阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1．How old was Qian Xuesen when China successfully launched its first man-made satellite
A．49 years old. B．59 years old.
C．69 years old. D．79 years old.
【答案】B
( )2．What can we can learn from the passage
A．China was in great need of scientists in the 1950s.
B．Qian Xuesen was not welcome in the United States.
C．Art never gave Qian Xuesen inspiration in his research.
D．Qian Xuesun had nothing to do with Shenzhou spacecrafts.
【答案】A
( )3．Hawking first got his fame by ________.
A．using the computers and wheelchair
B．graduating from Cambridge University
C．pointing out a professor’s maths mistake
D．doing his own work on the big bang theory
【答案】D
( )4．From the second text we know the nature of Hawking’s being ________.
A．brave and careful
B．determined and brilliant
C．careless and disabled
D．learned and humorous
【答案】B
( )5．Where does this text of “A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT” probably come from
A．A medical journey.
B．A tourist brochure.
C．A science textbook.
D．An agricultural magazine.
【答案】C
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
When Qian Xuesen was young, he realised China needed air force 1．__________(defend) the country, so he went to America to study aviation. As a graduate 2．__________(assist) at an institute, he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. Finally, he became a pioneer in jet and rocket technology.
【答案】1．to defend 2．assistant
3．__________ Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1995, he was put 4．__________ charge of developing China’s rocket science, space and missile programme. Under his leadership, China made 5．________(outstand) progress in rockets, missiles and man-made satellites. Because of this, he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
【答案】3．When 4．in 5．outstanding
Stephen Hawking was a 6．__________(gift) scientist. Since he came 7．____________ with a disease causing him unable to walk or speak, his world became one of abstract thought. There was a theory on the origin of the universe explaining the universe 8．______(begin) at a single point in time and space.
【答案】6．gifted 7．down 8．began
His own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with 9．__________(telescope) and a new star was born. He was brilliant, brave and determined. And he was willing to admit his faults. This 10．________(combine) of his characteristics made him one of the greatest thinkers of modern times.
【答案】9．telescopes 10．combination
课堂新知讲练
1．pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
(P7)A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.
【翻译】非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样倒它，但如果你对它施加任何压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。
◇词汇拓讲
【用法详解】
The crowd suddenly poured into the store.
人群突然涌进商店。
He was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face.
他太担心了，汗水从脸上淌下来。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I poured the milk from the bottle ______ the cups.
(2)After the conference the people poured __________ in crowds.
(3)We were sailing on the sea when it suddenly poured ________.
【答案】(1)into (2)out (3)down
2．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
(P7)However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
【翻译】然而，1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
【用法详解】
Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
我们的车坏了，我们不得不把它拖到修车厂去。
It was money trouble that broke up their marriage.
钱的问题使他们的婚姻破裂了。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)The Second World War __________ in September, 1939．
第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
(2)We had to ___________________ as we had lost the key.
我们把钥匙弄丢了，不得不破门而入。
(3)Don’t _________________ when he is telling the story.
他讲故事的时候不要打断他。
【答案】(1)broke out (2)break into the house (3)break in
3．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
(P7)However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
【翻译】然而，1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
(1)defend…from/against(doing)… 保护……免受……
defend oneself against sth. 保护自己不受……；为自己辩护
(2)defence n. 防御；辩护；保卫
defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
【用法详解】
The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
修建水坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲毁。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The fort cannot be defended ________ an air attack.
(2)Like their children, parents are often ________(defend) about their private lives.
【答案】(1)against/from (2)defensive
完成句子
(3)All the policemen have been trained to ________ the sudden attacks.
所有的警察都受过防御突然袭击的训练。
【答案】(3)defend themselves against/from
4．in charge of主管；掌管
(P8)He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
【翻译】他在祖国受到了英雄般的欢迎，并被任命不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，而且还负责中国太空和导弹计划。
(1)charge n. 费用；主管；vt. & vi. 收费；控诉；充电
(2)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事
(3)take charge of 掌管；负责
in the charge of sb. 受某人的管理
【用法详解】
The column of the newspaper is in the charge of Mr Green.
报纸的专栏由格林先生负责。
【语境串记】
The man in charge of/taking charge of the activity said that the tickets were free of charge. In other words, they wouldn’t charge us for the tickets.
负责这项活动的人说门票是免费的。换句话说，他们不会向我们收取门票费用。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t __________ __________ delivery.
只要你预先付款，我们就不收运费。
【答案】(1)charge you for
(2)The man _________________ the company was charged ________ spreading rumors on the Internet.
掌管这家公司的那个人被指控在网上散布谣言。
(3)A week later, I volunteered _________________ English study in my class.
一周后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。
【答案】(2)in charge of; with (3)to take charge of
5．trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
(P8)Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
【翻译】由于神舟飞船背后的许多技术都可以追溯到钱学森的研究，钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。
trace back to… 追溯到……
trace…to… 追查……到……
【用法详解】
The burglar had left several traces of his presence.
窃贼留下了他出现过的几处痕迹。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)At last the noise was traced ________ a fault in the pipes.
(2)His father claims to be able to trace the family back ________ many centuries ago.
(3)These quotations cannot readily ________(trace) to their sources.
【答案】(1)to (2)to (3)be traced
6．gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
(P8)Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.
【翻译】斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学中最著名且最有天赋的科学家之一。
be gifted with… 有……天赋；天生就……
a gifted dancer/musician 天才舞蹈演员/音乐家
have a gift for… 对……有天赋
【用法详解】
He is gifted with the ability to understand a diverse range of people and their cultures.
他有能力理解各种各样的人和他们的文化。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Man is the only creature that is gifted________ speech.
(2)I believe my father is a __________(gift) man.
【答案】(1)with (2)gifted
完成句子
(3)Your cooking is amazing and you really _____________ food.
你的厨艺太棒了，你对食物真的很有天赋。
(4)Each person is special and ____________ unique talents.
每个人都是特殊的，都有独特的才能。
【答案】(3)have a gift/talent for (4)is gifted with
7．come down患(病)；染上(小病)
(P8)Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
【翻译】自从他得了一种病，使他的大部分肌肉无法活动，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世界。
【用法详解】
The plane came down safely despite the mist.
尽管有雾，飞机还是安全降落了。
The whole weekend was so wonderful that I haven’t come down yet.
整个周末过得这么精彩，我到现在还没有平静下来。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I watched the archaeologists come __________ into the valley.
(2)Is this your necklace, Mary？I came __________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
(3)I hope you can come up __________ a better plan than this.
【答案】(1)down (2)across (3)with
完成句子
(4)It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder _____________________ that she is two hours late on such a short trip.
已经10点了。我不知道她怎么会在这么短的路程上晚了两个小时。
【答案】(4)how it come about
8．besides prep. 除……之外(还)
adv. 而且；此外
(P9)Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did.
【翻译】除了才华横溢之外，他还很勇敢，尽管有时言行举止随意。
beside prep. 在旁边；除……之外(还)
adv. 而且；此外
表示“此外”的词和短语还有furthermore, in addition, what’s more。
【用法详解】
He had other people to take care of besides me.
除了我之外，他还有其他人需要照顾。
【词语辨析】
词语 用法
besides 表示一种累加关系，意思是“除了……之外还有……”
except 表示一种排除关系，意思是“除了……之外”
except for 表示从整体中排除部分，意思是“除……之外”，所排除的情况往往不影响整体或大局
词语 用法
except that/ when/where 后面要接从句，表示“除了……之外”
apart from 表示“除了……之外”，与except用法相似；还有可作“除了……之外(还有)，此外”讲时，相当于in addition to 或besides
but 作介词用时，意思是“除……之外”，相当于except，通常与no, all, nobody, everything等连用
His performance was very good except for a small fault.
除了一个小错误，他的表演很好。
Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
除了几处拼写错误外，这篇作文还算不错。
Bicycling is good exercises; besides, it does not pollute the air.
骑自行车是很好的运动；此外，它不污染空气。
【针对练习】
选用besides, except, except for, except that, apart from, but填空
(1)There were more bottles of beer ____________ the two he gave us.
(2)__________, the sweater is made of pure wool. Very soft!
【答案】(1)besides/apart from (2)Besides
(3)I know nothing about him ____________ he lives next door.
(4)I’ve finished all my homework ________ the last question.
(5)I have nothing to do __________ wait.
【答案】(3)except that (4)apart from/except (5)but
9．above all最重要的是；尤其是
(P9)Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
【翻译】最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
above all最重要的是；首先
all in all 总而言之
after all毕竟；终究；归根结底
at all完全；全然；究竟；竟然
first of all首先
in all总计；总的说来
【用法详解】
I would like to buy a house — modern, comfortable, and above all in a quiet place.
我想买一栋房子——现代化、舒适，最重要的是要在一个安静的地方。
Although they had difficulties, I heard they have succeeded after all.
虽然他们有困难，但我听说他们还是成功了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The girl was anxious and began to tremble. ________ all, it was the first time that she had been on the stage.
(2)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first ________ all has to know their strengths and weaknesses.
【答案】(1)After (2)of
完成句子
(3)__________，what you had done did annoy him greatly.
总而言之，你所做的事确实使他很生气。
(4)He visited, _____________, fifteen galleries in China.
他总共参观了中国的15家画廊。
【答案】(3)All in all (4)in all
1．(P8)When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make. ”
【翻译】当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗？”，他坚决地回答：“为什么不呢？别人能做的东西，我们中国人同样能做。”
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
这里的“When asked”是一个省略结构，相当于“When he was asked… ”。
在使用时间、地点、条件、让步或原因等之类的状语从句时，如果其中谓语部分含有be的任何一种形式，且主语与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时，为避免重复，常可以省略从句的主语和be。这种现象称为状语从句的省略。
【归纳拓展】
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Unless ________(invite), he will not come back to the company.
(2)After ________ (complete), the airport will have above 50% plants coverage.
【答案】(1)invited (2)completed
句型转换
(3)When she was very young，she began to learn to play the piano.
→________, she began to learn
to play the piano.
【答案】(3)When very young
2．(P8)Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
【翻译】在钱学森的领导下，中国发展了“东风”导弹，接着是第一代长征火箭。
【句式剖析】
句中“followed by the first generation of Long March rockets”是过去分词作定语，修饰“the Dongfeng missiles”。
非谓语动词作定语
(1)现在分词作定语
现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式作定语时，与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作正在被执行。
【归纳拓展】
(2)过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时，与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。
(3)不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，则其后应有必要的介词。
②被修饰的名词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定语，常见的抽象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。
③the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等作名词或者它们作形容词修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。
At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million.
今年年初，居住在意大利的外国人数量达到了456万。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message __________ (hide) within the work.
(2)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study__________(conduct) in Australia in 2012．
【答案】(1)hidden (2)conducted
(3)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse __________(appoint) to guard her.
(4)Mrs White showed her students some old maps __________ (borrow) from the library.
(5)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
【答案】(3)appointed (4)borrowed (5)ranging
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．When the wind shifted from south ________ north, it began to get cold.
2．He is a ________(gift) pianist who has been working hard to improve himself.
3．The exports are ________(steady) increasing year by year.
【答案】1．to 2．gifted 3．steadily
4．You should make ________ abstract of what the professor says.
5．Could I speak to whoever is ________ charge of International Sales, please
6．The children were having fun, chasing each other’s ________(shadow).
【答案】4．an 5．in 6．shadows
7．The dream was so vivid _____ he felt himself to be awake.
8．Derartu is ______ outstanding athlete and deserved to win.
9．Kalan called his ________(assist), Hashim, to take over while he went out.
10．The exhibition ________ (trace) the history of graphic design in America from the 19th century to the present.
【答案】7．that 8．an 9．assistant 10．traces
Ⅱ．短语填空
break out; above all; cast down; come down; find fault with; free of charge
1．The more experienced you are, the easier it is to __________________ other people’s ideas.
【答案】1．find fault with
2．We go to school ______________________ to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school, we can continue to learn.
3．Sales in our company __________________ due to the outbreak of the terrible disease.
4．You can take as many as you like, because they are ______________________.
【答案】2．above all 3．came down 4．free of charge
5．The fire _________________ during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured.
6．Sylvia’s been ________________ ever since her mother became so ill.
【答案】5．broke out 6．cast down
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．It is one of the funniest things __________________ so far this year.
这是今年到目前为止在互联网上发现的最有趣的事情之一。
【答案】1．found on the Internet
2．His car ____________________ this afternoon when he headed to the hospital.
今天下午去医院的路上他的车抛锚了。
3．We took shelter from the rain that ___________________ in a bus stop.
我们在公共汽车站躲避倾盆大雨。
【答案】2．broke down on the way 3．was pouring down
4．_____________________, the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before heading to the reception.
在一名婚礼摄影师的跟随下，这对新人在前往婚宴前突然探访了医院。
5．Nowadays the priority for travelling ________________ shopping ________ food and scenery.
如今，旅游的重点从购物转向了美食和风景。
【答案】4．Followed by a wedding photographer
5．is shifted from; to (共59张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Period Four Assessing Your Progress—Video Time
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．任务
B．计算；估计；预测
C．识别；鉴定；确认
D．冲突；争论；矛盾；抵触
E．生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
1．The report paints a vivid picture of life in the city.( )
2．The teacher assigned each of the children a different task. ( )
3．When he has tried to identify all the items, you can change places, and he can test you. ( )
【答案】1．E 2．A 3．C
4．The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts. ( )
5．They found their computers producing different results from exactly the same calculation. ( )
【答案】4．D 5．B
Ⅱ．预备写作素材
1．I do not feel lonely because I __________ ________ ________ ________ and I daydream about a variety of things and make plans for the future.
我不感到孤独，因为我有丰富的想象力，我对各种事情做白日梦，为未来做计划。
【答案】1．have a vivid imagination
2．________ ________ is what you do，not what you know.
重要的是你做了什么，而不是你知道什么。
3．His ambition is __________ __________ __________ Harvard University.
他的志向是上哈佛大学。
【答案】2．What matters 3．to go to
4．In production, we demand ________ ________ quantity ________ ________ quality.
我们的产品不但要求数量多，而且要求质量高。
5．He earns some money ________ ________ some extra jobs at the restaurant.
他在餐馆做一些额外的工作来挣一些钱。
【答案】4．not only; but also 5．by doing
课堂新知讲练
1．conclusion n. 结论；推论
(P10)Some of the key issues that scientists face are (what) calculations they do and (how) they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask.
【翻译】科学家面临的一些关键问题是，他们进行了哪些计算，以及如何分析他们的数据，从而就他们提出的问题得出结论。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)conclude sth. with sb. /sth. 就某事与某人达成协议
conclude sth. from… 从……推断出……
to conclude 总而言之
(2)conclude sth. with sth. 以……结束……
conclude sth. by doing sth. 以……结束……
(3)arrive at/come to/draw/make/reach a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总之；最后
【用法详解】
They came to a conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He concluded ________ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
(2)He concluded his speech ________ a famous saying：no pains, no gains.
【答案】(1)from (2)with
完成句子
(3)________, good interpersonal
skills are a must for our future social life.
总之，良好的人际交往能力是我们未来的社会生活所必需的。
【答案】(3)In conclusion
2．benefit from从……中受益
(P10)This is because they want everyone to benefit from their work!
【翻译】这是因为他们希望每个人都能从他们的工作中受益！
(1)benefit v. &n. 有助于；受益；利益；好处
benefit from/by… 从……中受益
for the benefit of… 为了……(的利益)
(2)be beneficial to sth. /sb. (＝be of benefit to sth. /sb. ) 对……有益
【用法详解】
I am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity.
我相信每个人都会从这次活动中受益良多。
Using computers properly has a beneficial effect on children’s learning.
合理使用计算机对孩子们的学习有益。
【语境串记】
The new railway benefits this area in many ways. Especially，it is more beneficial to the local people. For the benefit of more people，we should build more railways.
这条新铁路在许多方面使这个地区受益。特别是，它对当地人民更有益。为了更多的人的利益，我们应该修建更多的铁路。
【针对练习】
单句填空
(1)The doctor told him a good diet was beneficial _________ his health.
【答案】(1)to
句型转换
(2)The new rules will be beneficial to every employee in the firm.
＝The new rules will be ____________ to every employee in the firm.
【答案】(2)of benefit
完成句子
(3)Reading a lot _________________ your English.
多读书对提高你的英语有好处。
【答案】(3)is beneficial to improving
(P10)It seems (as if) science is all around us.
【翻译】似乎科学就在我们身边。
【句式剖析】
本句是as if引导的状语从句，as if＝as though “似乎是；好像是”。as if/as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，可用陈述语气。
It seems as though it were spring already.
好像已经是春天了。
◇句式解读
as if/though可接以下结构，表示一种省略形式：
【归纳拓展】
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He opened his mouth as if____________(say) something.
(2)He behaved as if nothing____________(happen).
【答案】(1)to say (2)had happened
完成句子
(3)She speaks English so fluently as if _______________ in America.
她英语说得很流利，好像在美国学过英语似的。
【答案】(3)she had studied English
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The players ________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
2．Brian is gifted in ________(write) music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
【答案】1．selected 2．writing
3．This phenomenon is neither good ________ bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
4．The boy made trouble for his teacher because he was accused ________ destroying property.
5．I was about to go to bed ________ the telephone rang.
【答案】3．nor 4．of 5．when
6．That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
7．If you’re ________(will)to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.
8．They speak English not only in class ________ in the dormitory.
【答案】6．which 7．willing 8．but
9．Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they ________ (be) close friends.
10．We don’t know the reason why they have broken _______ with each other.
【答案】9．were 10．up
Ⅱ．短语填空
above all; come up; get along well with; in addition; break down
1．As an outgoing girl，I ________________ my classmates.
2．The TV __________________again, which made me very unhappy.
【答案】1．get along well with 2．broke down
3．Part-time English classes are offered. _______________，students can take classes in word-processing and computing.
4．A lot of questions ________________ at the meeting，which made things more complicated.
5．If you want to make progress in your study, ____________ __________, you must be strict with yourself.
【答案】3．In addition 4．came up 5．above all
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．I felt a little dizzy，________________ I had just woken from a long sleep.
我觉得有点头晕，好像刚从长睡中醒来。
【答案】1．as if/though
2．Team leaders must ensure that all members _________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
团队领导必须确保所有的成员克服他们的本能欲望以避免因犯错而带来的尴尬。
【答案】2．get over
3．Native English speakers can understand each other ____________ they don’t speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相理解。
【答案】3．even if/though
4．Sometimes it is kindness ___________________ plays a more significant role in our life.
有时生活中更有意义的是善举而不是成绩。
【答案】4．rather than grade that
5．Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ______________ with specific knowledge.
不要使用只有具有特定知识的人才知道的词汇、表达或短语。
【答案】5．known only to people
写作高效提升
写一篇关于科学精神的短文
动笔前，你的大体构思：___________________________ ________________________
◎单元写作目标
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．I am glad to learn that you hope to become a scientist in the future.
我很高兴得知你希望将来成为一名科学家。
2．I am very happy to learn that you develop an interest in science.
得知你对科学产生了兴趣，我很高兴。
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
3．They pay attention to various aspects of the research problem and keep exploring.
他们关注研究问题的各个方面，不断探索。
4．Scientists need to be imaginative and willing to experiment bravely with new ideas and methods.
科学家需要有想象力，愿意大胆地用新的想法和方法进行实验。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
5．Work hard and wish you success.
努力工作，祝你成功。
6．Hope you are remembered for your great contributions to the world one day.
希望有一天你对世界做出的巨大贡献会被人们记住。
【写作任务】
假定你是李华，收到好友John的来信。John希望自己将来能成为一名科学家，来信咨询科学家需要具备哪些品质。请给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1．对John的梦想表示支持；
2．科学家应具备的品质。
◎写作范例
注意：
1．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数80左右，邮件的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear John，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【写作指导】
主题 鼓励好友，明确科学精神 体裁 应用文——邮件
人称 第二、第三人称 时态 一般现在时
布局 第一段：写信目的——了解对方要求 第二段：结合实际予以介绍 第三段：鼓励祝福 【遣词造句】
Ⅰ．用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1．____________ adj. 绝妙的；聪颖的；明亮的
2．____________ adv. 此外；再者
3．____________ 科学精神
4．____________ 同意
5．____________ 另外
Keys：Ⅰ．1．brilliant 2．furthermore 3．scientific spirit 4．subscribe to 5．what’s more/in addition
Ⅱ．本单元语块、语法运用
1．句式积累
(1)我很高兴得知你希望将来成为一名科学家。
I am glad to learn that you hope ____________ in the future.
(2)科学家应该对某些事情感兴趣和好奇。
Scientists should be ________ and ________ certain things.
Keys：Ⅱ．(1)to become a scientist
(2)interested in; curious about
(3)他们关注研究问题的各个方面，不断探索。
They pay attention to various aspects of the research problem and________.
(4)科学家往往才华横溢、聪明能干，能够提出独立的意见和方法。
Scientists are often ________________, ____________ and able to form independent opinions and methods.
Keys：(3)keep exploring (4)brilliant；intelligent
2．句式升级
(5)将句(2)升级为含有名词性从句的句子
_________________________________________
(6)将句(3)升级为分词作状语的句子
_________________________________________
Keys：(5)Scientists should subscribe to the view that they should be interested in and curious about certain things.
(6)Paying attention to various aspects of the research problem, they keep exploring it.
【连句成篇】
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear John，
I am glad to learn that you hope to become a scientist in the future. To be a good scientist, you need to have some scientific spirits.
Firstly, scientists should subscribe to the view that they should be interested in and curious about certain things. Paying attention to various aspects of the research problem, they keep exploring it. In addition, scientists need to be imaginative and willing to experiment bravely with new ideas and methods. As we all know, scientists are often brilliant, intelligent and able to form independent opinions and methods. Furthermore, caution and persistence are necessary for scientists to succeed.
Becoming a scientist is not easy. Work hard and wish you success.
Yours，
Li Hua
袁隆平是一位杰出的科学家，请你根据下面所提供的信息，写一篇关于袁隆平的简介。
◎写作练笔
内容包括：
1．袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”；
2．1930年出生于北京，大学毕业后，一直从事农业教育和杂交水稻的研究；
3．他培植出的高产水稻，很大程度上解决了中国人的吃饭问题；
4．他获得了“国家最高科学技术奖”。
注意：
1．词数：80词左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高产的high-yield；国家最高科学奖State Preeminent Highest Science and Technology Award of China
___________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Yuan Longping, who is praised as the “father of hybrid rice”， was born in Beijing in 1930．Since he graduated from university, he has been working as an educator on farming and a researcher on hybrid rice.
The high-yield rice bred by him has partly solved the feeding problem of so many people in our country. Because of this, he received the State Preeminent Highest Science and Technology Award of China. Yuan Longping is also a well-known expert in the world. He has made outstanding achievements in agricultural science and is highly thought of by us Chinese people.(共26张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 1．contradictory
adj._______________________________
2．germ n. _____________________
3．household n. _______________________________
4．intervention n. _______________________
5．substantial adj. ___________________________
相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
微生物；细菌；病菌
一家人；家庭；同住一所房子的人
介入；出面；干涉
大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 6．microscope n. _____________________
7．protein n. _____________________
8．cell n. _________________________
9．virus n. _____________________
10．finding n. _________________________
显微镜
蛋白质
细胞；小房间；单间小牢房
病毒
发现；调查结果；判决
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 11．vaccine n. _____________________
12．rainbow n. _____________________
13．concrete n. _____________________
adj. ___________________________
14．telescope n. _____________________
疫苗
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
望远镜
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 1．___________ n. 证据；证明；检验
2．___________ adj. 数量多的；各种各样的
3．___________ vt. &vi. 怀疑；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．___________ vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责
proof
multiple
suspect
blame
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 5．__________ n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
6．________ n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
7．_______ adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
8．_______ adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的
handle
link
raw
pure
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 9．___________ n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. &vi. 减少；减小；降低
10．___________ n. [pl. -s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
11．___________ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变
12．___________ n. 思想；思维；见解
decrease
statistic
transform
thinking
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 13．________ adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体
14．________ vt. 投射；投掷；向……投以(视线、笑容等)
15．___________ n. 阴影；影子；背光处
16．___________ vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
17．___________ n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能
solid
cast
shadow
pour
leadership
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 18．________ vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
19．_____________ adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的
20．___________ adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要
21．___________ n. 概念；观念
trace
outstanding
abstract
concept
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 22．___________ prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且；此外
23．___________ adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
24．___________ adv. 此外；再者
25．________ n. 弱点；过错
26．_______ n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. &vt. 转移；挪动；转向
besides
brilliant
furthermore
fault
shift
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 1．___________ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
→___________ adv. 严厉的；严重地
2．___________ v. 使沮丧
→___________ adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
severe
severely
frustrate
frustrated
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 3．___________ vt. 感染；传染
→___________ n. 感染；传染
→___________ adj. 感染的；传染性的
4．___________ vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购
→___________ n. 同意；订购
5．___________ adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的
→___________adv. 最初地；开始
infect
infection
infectious
subscribe
subscription
initial
initially
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 6．___________ vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
→___________ n. 保卫；防护
7．___________ v. 帮助
→___________ n. 帮助
→___________ n. 助理；助手
defend
defence
assist
assistance
assistant
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 8．___________ n. 礼物；天赋
→___________ adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
9．___________ adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
→___________ adv. 稳定地；平稳地
gift
gifted
steady
steadily
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 10．___________ n. 天文学
→____________n. 天文学家
11．___________ adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
→___________ adv. 生动地；强烈地
astronomy
astronomer
vivid
vividly
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 1．最终地；彻底地 __________________
2．被感染 __________________
3．同意；赞同 __________________
4．水泵 __________________
5．怀疑…… __________________
6．被责备 __________________
once and for all
be infected with
subscribe to
water pump
suspect…of…
be to blame
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 7．幸亏；由于 _______________
8．突然开始；爆发 ________________
9．主管；掌管 _______________
10．患(病)；染上(小病) ______________
11．最重要的是；尤其是_______________
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down
above all
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1．这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以她每天都让人把水送到家里来。
__________________ the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
It seemed that
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 2．通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，见证了霍乱对于世界各地的威胁大幅减少。
Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world __________________________.
saw a substantial decrease
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 3．此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed ____________ scientists study diseases.
4．许多科学家认为是人类活动造成了全球变暖。
Many scientists subscribe to the view that________ human activity ________ has caused global warming.
the way
it is
that
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 5．引起感冒的病毒不仅种类繁多，而且转化迅速，这意味着它们可以迅速产生抗药性。
Cold-causing viruses are ________ of multiple kinds, they __________ transform
rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine.
not only
also
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 6．当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗？”，他坚决地回答：“为什么不呢？我们中国人能做别人做的东西。”
______________ “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined
“Why not？We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make. ”
When asked
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 7．钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。
____________ the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devoted, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
Described by
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 8．在钱的领导下，中国发展了“东风”导弹，接着是第一代长征火箭。
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, _____________ the first generation of Long March rockets.
9．好像科学就在我们身边。
It seems _________ science is all around us.
followed by
as if
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 表语从句(Predicative Clause)
1．That is ________ our problem lies.
2．The reason why she is becoming fatter and fatter is ________ she eats too much junk food.
where
that
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 3．The woman was crying. That’s _________ her son was drowned in a river.
4．The question is ________ it is worth trying.
5．He didn’t work hard and that’s ________ he failed the exam.
because
whether
why (共35张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
美 文 导 入
素养解读：培养探究科学、崇尚科学的精神和正确的科学观；了解科学的本质和科学家的特质；懂得科学探究的基本步骤和要素；培养发散性思维和综合运用语言的能力；能够对科学家及其所从事的科研工作进行描述、发表看法，并针对自己的个性特长和兴趣专长，畅谈自己的职业志向和人生规划。
主题：科学
学科素养：人与自然
难度系数：★★★
[语篇导读]爱迪生，大家都熟悉吧！本文介绍了天才发明家爱迪生关于思考和工作的一些观点。让我们来一起了解一下吧！
Thomas Edison was one of ten said to be the greatest genius① of his age. 【1】There are only a few men in all of the history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor②
of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy only because someone said he was a genius.
【2】He said what people called genius was mostly hard work.
But Edison was a dreamer as well as③a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. He tried to understand the secrets; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.
Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people would do almost anything instead of④the difficult work of thinking, especially⑤if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.
Edison could not understand how anyone could be uninterested⑥ in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what ideas he had about life. “Work，” he answered. “Discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make men happier. ” He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years⑦ of work.
【1】There are only a few men in all of the history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light.
○句型精析
分析：“who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light”是who引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词词组“a few men”。“in all of the history”为there be句型里的时间状语。
译文：在整个历史上，像发明第一台实用电灯那样改变别人生活的人很少。
【2】He said what people called genius was mostly hard work.
分析：“what people called genius was mostly hard work”为he said的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，“what people called genius”为从句的主语，what作called的宾语。
译文：他说，人们所说的天才大多是努力工作的。
①genius / d i ni s/n. 天才；天资；天赋
②inventor / n vent (r)/n. 发明家
③as well as 既……又……；除……之外(也); 此外
④instead of代替；作为……的替换
⑤especially / spe li/adv. 尤其；特别；专门
⑥uninterested / n ntr st d/adj. 不感兴趣的
⑦another 100 years 另外100年
○课标词汇
单元核心素养目标
【语言技能】
能够理解并正确运用非限制性定语从句；
阅读有关人物介绍类的文章，了解其文体特征及语言特点，有效获取信息；
掌握说话、交谈中的补白词，熟练运用表达观点或结论的常用语言结构；
掌握人物描写的文体结构，能够快速获取信息。
【素养提升】
思考伟人给我们的世界带来的变化，并思考如何从他们身上学到优秀品质；
能够运用描述性词汇和非限制性定语从句写一篇描述人物的文章；
了解中外伟人的巨大成就，学习他们的优秀品质；掌握获得非凡成就的科学方法。
单元词汇预通关
Ⅰ．中英互译
1．adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 _____________
2．vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) __________
3．n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 ________
severe
subscribe
link
4．n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. &vi. 减少；减小；降低 ____________
5．finding___________________________
6．defend ___________________________
decrease
n. 发现；调查结果
vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
Ⅱ．选择合适的词，并用其正确形式填空
动词
blame, handle, transform, cast, pour
1．All of a sudden，all eyes were ________ upon the speaker.
2．The public never had faith in his ability to________ the job.
【答案】1．cast 2．handle
3．Gregory________ another glass of white wine and went back to his bedroom.
4．My life is ruined and I suppose I only have myself to ________.
5．Time will ________ us from babies into adults and our parents from adults to old people.
【答案】3．poured 4．blame 5．transform
名词
infection, proof, household, intervention, shadow, concept, fault, microscope, astronomer, telescope
1．These results are a further ________ of his outstanding ability.
2．Air，water，clothing and insects are all means of ______.
3．The ________ that our math teacher told us was hard to understand.
【答案】1．proof 2．infection 3．concept
4．There was no escaping the fact: it was all his ______ . He was really careless.
5．These people have been living for years under the ________ of fear.
6．If people know you’re an ________，they will soon be asking you all about it.
【答案】4．fault 5．shadow 6．astronomer
thinking, framework, protein, cell, virus, rainbow, concrete, mechanic, missile, leadership
7．Under his ________，many difficult problems were smoothly solved.
8．Once you have removed the ________, it is safe to reconnect to the Internet.
【答案】7．leadership 8．virus
9．According to a new study，too much ________ in the diet may advance the aging process.
10．The ________ is the unit of which all living organisms are composed.
11．He is an automotive ________，but he lost his job a few months ago.
【答案】9．protein 10．cell 11．mechanic
12．As we all know，independent ________ is of great importance.
13．They established a basic ________ of ground rules for discussions.
【答案】12．thinking 13．framework
形容词
contradictory, pure, outstanding, abstract, multiple
1．They are all made of one－hundred percent ________ silk.
2．We may talk of beautiful things，but beauty itself is ____.
3．In fact，what he said and what he did were ________.
4．Given the chance，John might have become an ______ painter.
【答案】1.pure 2.abstract 3.contradictory 4.outstanding
solid, gifted, brilliant, vivid, concrete
5．You should present ______ evidence to prove your point.
6．He has got ________ achievements in the field of physics.
7．All the teachers think that she is the most _______ violinist here.
8．I love this novel because it draws a ______ portrait of the country lifestyle in Britain.
【答案】5．solid 6．brilliant 7．gifted 8．vivid
Ⅲ．一词多义匹配练习
shift A．v. 转换；转移 B．v. 改变
C．n. 轮班 D．n. 转移
1．In the factory，all the workers were taking turns to be on the night shift. ( )
【答案】1．C
2．Stop please! Now we need to shift the focus of this debate. ( )
3．It’s really hard for people to shift their personal habits in a short time. ( )
4．It’s clear that there has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries. ( )
【答案】2．A 3．B 4．D
Ⅳ．用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1．When things go wrong，all of us naturally feel disappointed and ________(frustrate).
2．Forecasters say the storms may not be as bad as they ________ (initial) predicted.
【答案】1．frustrated 2．initially
3．The company’s exports have been increasing ________ (steady).
4．We are looking for people who would be willing to ________ (assistant) in the group’s work.
5．The town walls were built as a ________(defend) against enemy attacks.
【答案】3．steadily 4．assist 5．defence
6．This great battle was ________(vivid) recorded in the documentary film.
7．The policeman think that the two factors are directly ________(link).
【答案】6．vividly 7．linked
Ⅴ．选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式填空
once and for all; subscribe to；thanks to；break out；in charge of；above all
1．If you ____________ this newspaper，you’ll get an extra magazine.
如果你订阅这份报纸，你会得到一本额外的杂志。
【答案】1．subscribe to
2．____________ mobile libraries，these people can still borrow books.
由于有了移动图书馆，这些人仍然可以借书。
3．Our goods compete in terms of product quality，reliability and ____________ variety.
我们的产品从质量、可靠性，尤其是多样性来看很有竞争力。
【答案】2．Thanks to 3．above all
4．The problem can be solved ____________，if you do that.
如果你那样做，问题就可能一劳永逸地得到解决。
5．The teacher，who has taught for over 30 years，is ____________ the school work.
那位已经教了三十多年书的老师，在负责学校工作。
【答案】4．once and for all 5．in charge of
6．Every day you should be finding opportunities to ______ ______ of your shell.
每天你都该不断寻找机会来突破你的壳。
【答案】6．break out
