题型针对练(一)——小标题类
Test 1
(2023·全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. 1 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations.
4
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 5 .”You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Test 2
Sometimes, the stress, fear and grief feelings can overwhelm(压倒) us. It’s fortunate that self-care is now more widespread. It is used to provide guidance on what people can do to get healthy. 1
Settle your mind.
Self-care can help ease the mental burden. What happens to be simple, efficient and free is meditation(冥想). 2 The positive effect of meditation on anxiety, depression, focus and even physical pain has been so well-established that it is now used in schools, sports teams and corporate offices.
Roll away stress.
When you’re under stress, overwhelmed, regular exercise can be one of the first healthy habits to go. Moving your body is a core principle of self-care and one of the best defenses against stress. Melanie Caines, a yoga teacher, suggests movement needn’t mean doing a serious workout every day.“A little goes a long way. 3 ” she says.
4
An important self-care way is to be mindful of what you’re eating and consider adding some nutritional support. This means a balanced diet that is right for your needs. But one commonly overlooked piece, according to Toronto naturopathic(自然疗法的) doctor Nikita Sander, is Vitamin D.She notes that the nutrient is protective in many ways and the key to mental health. It helps protect against mood disorders like depression.
Generally speaking, self-care, as the name suggests, is whatever you make it. 5 You can develop your own self-care routine, a set of practices and habits to follow.
A.Get your vitamins.
B.Keep balanced diets.
C.Here are some starting points.
D.Self-care can extend in many directions.
E.Gentle exercise can do a lot to relax your entire body,
F.That is, letting your mind wander freely allows it to settle.
G.It can be difficult to maintain a regular meditation practice.
Test 3
(2021·山东烟台高三模拟)
Panic attacks are sudden, intense eruption of fear, panic, or anxiety. 1 Panic attacks are generally brief, lasting less than 10 minutes, although some of the symptoms may last for a longer time. Here are a few tips for you to cope with panic attacks.
Take deep breaths.
If you’re able to control your breathing, you’re less likely to experience the hyperventilation(强力呼吸) that can make other symptoms—and the panic attack itself—worse. Focus on taking deep breaths in and out through your mouth, feeling the air slowly fill your chest and belly and then slowly leave them again. 2
Close your eyes.
Some panic attacks come from triggers(触发物) that overwhelm you. If you are in a fast-paced environment with a lot of stimuli(刺激), this can feed your panic attack. 3 This can block out any extra stimulus and make it easier to focus on your breathing.
4
Mindfulness can help ground you in the reality of what is around you. Since panic attacks can cause a feeling of separation from reality, this can prevent your panic attack as it is approaching or actually happening.
Use muscle relaxation techniques.
Much like deep breathing, muscle relaxation techniques can help stop your panic attack in its tracks by controlling your body’s response as much as possible. Consciously relax one muscle at a time. 5 Techniques of this kind will be most effective when you have practised them beforehand.
A.Practise mindfulness.
B.Get away from reality.
C.They have physical as well as emotional symptoms.
D.To reduce the stimuli, close your eyes during your panic attack.
E.You can start with the fingers, and then move your way up through your body.
F.These cannot only help you fall asleep, but they may also promote muscle relaxation.
G.Breathe in for a count of four, hold for a second, and then breathe out for a count of four.
Test 4
(2021·陕西高三下模拟)
Children are in constant need of being recognised for the effort they have been putting. The amount of recognition they get is directly proportional(成比例的) to self-respect. 1 . Next we will discuss some ways to develop healthy self-respect in children.
Tell them about what they should know.
Children will be full of questions, like why the sky is all blue, why the sea is of that colour, why birds fly, etc. 2 , as it’s tough to meet the intellectual(智力的) curiosity of children. What should one be doing ideally in such a situation They should explain the scientific reasons behind all the phenomena that catch the eye of the children.
Encourage them to study in an inspiring way.
Children are different. When you force them to study something they would start hating those particular subjects. It is good if you can take a middle-way approach, and explain to them like a friend. Tell them about the importance of studying, and the pleasure involved in it. 3 .
Make children read.
Reading can be understood as a purely aesthetical(美学的) activity. 4 , giving wings to the imagination of children so that they can fly high. To do this, one must understand what the child likes. If the child likes a bit of an adventure, make him or her read One Thousand and One Nights.
5 .
If your child is showing the potential of creativity, make him or her participate in artistic activities such as painting, singing, playing instruments and writing. It’s not about winning prizes, but activities such as these will improve the competitive spirit in children.
A.Involve them in sports activities
B.Involve them in artistic activities
C.This has a relationship with psychology
D.It can promote intellectual development
E.Most of the children would like such an approach
F.Sometimes it’s very difficult to answer all the questions as well
G.The main question will be how we can boost the self-respect of children
题型针对练(一)——小标题类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为读者提供“成为一个有耐心的人”的方法:表达感谢、学会等待、走出舒适区。
1.G 解析 根据第一段第一句“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common ”可知, 交通堵塞、排长队、等待假期开始都是需要耐心的事情, 这与G项“They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience”相吻合, 且呼应第二段中的“practiced patience”。
2.E 解析 第三段第一句“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.”讲的是表达感谢的好处。E项“It can also help us practice more patience”也是表达感谢的好处。故选E项。
3.B 解析 根据第四段第二句“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.”提到了practice, 空格后的句子“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”列举了一些等待的事情。由此推出B项“Start with small tasks(从小事开始做起)”符合题意。
4.C 解析 根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可推知, 本段的主题句应为“接受令人不舒适的事情”。故选C项。
5.F 解析 根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”的后半句可知, 当我们经历舒适区外的事物时, 我们会变得不耐烦。因此, 我们应该学会对自己说“这只是不舒服, 不是不可忍受”。故选F项。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。面对生活压力, 人们应该学会自我照顾, 因为自我照顾可以让人们保持身心健康。文章介绍了一些进行自我照顾的方法。
1.C 解析 根据空格前一句 “It is used to provide guidance on what people can do to get healthy.” 可知, 自我照顾可以用来为人们提供健康指导; 再结合下面各段的小标题可知, 空格处引出下文内容。故选C项。
2.F 解析 根据空格前一句 “What happens to be simple, efficient and free is meditation.” 可知, 此处介绍了冥想的一些特征。空格处进一步对冥想进行解释。故选F项。
3.E 解析 根据空格前的 “Melanie Caines, a yoga teacher, suggests movement needn’t mean doing a serious workout every day.” 以及 “A little goes a long way.” 可知, 运动不需要很大的量, 也不需要高强度, 适度的运动能给身体带来好处。故选E项。
4.A 解析 根据下文的 “An important self-care way is to be mindful of what you’re eating and consider adding some nutritional support.” 以及 “But one commonly overlooked piece, according to Toronto naturopathic doctor Nikita Sander, is Vitamin D. She notes that the nutrient is protective in many ways and the key to mental health.” 可知, 维生素D经常被忽视, 而这种营养物质在很多方面都有保护作用, 是心理健康的关键, 所以本段主要强调要注意补充维生素。故选A项。
5.D 解析 根据空格后一句 “You can develop your own self-care routine, a set of practices and habits to follow.” 可知, 自我照顾不仅仅是之前所提到的那些方面, 它还可以涵盖许多方面, 你可以建立自己的自我照顾程序。故选D项。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何应对惊恐发作给出了四条建议。
1.C 解析 根据上文的 “Panic attacks are sudden, intense eruption of fear, panic, or anxiety.” 可知, 本段介绍了惊恐发作及其特点, 空格处进一步对惊恐发作进行说明。C项中的They指代上文中的Panic attacks, 因此C项 “它们有身体上和情绪上的症状。” 符合语境。故选C项。
2.G 解析 根据本段小标题 “Take deep breaths.” 可知, 该段介绍的方法与呼吸有关。G项的Breathe in和breathe out与标题呼应。因此G项 “吸气, 数到四, 屏住呼吸一秒钟, 然后呼气, 数到四。” 符合语境。故选G项。
3.D 解析 根据本段小标题 “Close your eyes.” 可知, 本段介绍的方法是闭上双眼, 因此D项 “为了减少刺激, 在惊恐发作时闭上眼睛。” 符合语境。故选D项。
4.A 解析 根据下文的 “Mindfulness can help ground you in the reality of what is around you. Since panic attacks can cause a feeling of separation from reality, this can prevent your panic attack as it is approaching or actually happening.” 可知, 本段主要介绍警觉的作用, 因此A项符合语境。故选A项。
5.E 解析 根据本段小标题 “Use muscle relaxation techniques.” 和空格前一句 “Consciously relax one muscle at a time.” 可知, 本段主要介绍使用肌肉放松技巧, 空格前一句提到有意识地一次放松一块肌肉, 因此E项符合语境。故选E项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养儿童健康自尊的方法。
1.G 解析 根据空格后的 “Next we will discuss some ways to develop healthy self-respect in children.” 可知, 空格处应提到如何提高孩子们的自尊, 因此G项 “The main question will be how we can boost the self-respect of children” 符合语境。故选G项。
2.F 解析 根据上文的 “Children will be full of questions, like why the sky is all blue, why the sea is of that colour, why birds fly, etc.” 和空格后的as it’s tough to meet the intellectual curiosity of children可知, 空格处和下文是因果关系, 而F项中的all the questions与上文的be full of questions对应, difficult和下文的tough对应。故选F项。题型针对练(三)——段中句类
Test 1
(2021·山东泰安二模)
When I was seven, my parents explained to me that my sister would be different. 1 But now I realise I see the world in a much different way, all thanks to her.
Throughout our lives, my sister has often got stared at because she has Down’s syndrome(唐氏综合征), which makes her appear abnormal. There were times when I had to struggle with her. 2 I simply thought, “Everyone else is just staring and that is wrong. They should offer us help instead of staring at us like it’s a circus act(马戏表演).”
I had this in mind when I was travelling alone recently and saw a mother and her son with special needs at the airport gate. 3 They were heading towards the gate of their second departure of the day. The mother was obviously stressed out and trying to keep her son calm while some items were falling out of her unzipped(拉开拉链的) backpack. The son was pulling strangers’ clothes, and she appeared to be embarrassed about it. Then the boy began to scream, looking very scared and confused.
Some people gave the son and mother strange look, the same kind of look my sister and I would sometimes get. 4 I tried to help calm the boy down by assuring him he was going to see his grandmother as his mum kept telling him. When the boy finally calmed down, I returned to my seat. At the time, an older gentleman turned around and said to me,“I thought about doing what you did, but I just thought about it. You did it.”
To be honest, I didn’t even really regard what I did as something different or good. 5
A.They had got off another plane.
B.People would stare at us even more.
C.I don’t know what I should do to help.
D.But I stood up and asked if I could lend a hand.
E.I just consider it as the only choice in that situation.
F.I was so angry that I shouted loudly at the strangers.
G.I had no idea what impact she would have on my daily life.
Test 2
(2021·广东佛山4月质量检测)
Why Do Movie Theatres Serve Popcorn
The delicious smell. The crunchy(爽脆的) bite. The buttery finish. People will recognise the smell and flavour of their favourite moviegoing snacks anywhere. Why is it that we feast our taste buds on these crisp kernels while our eyes focus on the big screen
1 The main reason is the snack’s price, convenience, and timing. Popcorn was cheap for sellers and for customers, and making it didn’t require special equipment. 2 That is how popcorn got introduced to the silver screen.
Popcorn does not refer to the popped kernel alone. 3 It was originally grown in Central America and became popular in the US in the mid-pared with other snacks at the time, it was super easy to make, and it got easier when the mobile steam power popcorn-maker was invented. In the late 19th century a large number of independent popcorn suppliers became widely available. 4
Since popcorn was cheap to make, it was also cheap to buy, which increased the popularity of this snack during the Great Depression. The Depression increased consumer spending on cheaper luxury items such as popcorn and movies, and the two industries teamed up. 5 By the mid-1940s, however, movie theatres began to have their own concession stands in the lobby. The introduction of the popcorn-driven concession stand to movie theatres kept the movie theatre industry running smoothly, and popcorn has been a basic movie-watching food ever since.
A.A few aspects made popcorn the typical movie snack.
B.They were like the great-great-grandfathers of food trucks.
C.Therefore, movie theatres attracted more and more customers.
D.The secret of popcorn’s pleasant taste lies in the special material.
E.It’s also the name for the specific type of corn that is used to make the snack.
F.Theatres would allow a popcorn salesman to sell popcorn outside for a daily fee.
G.Popcorn also got popular at a time when theatres badly needed an economic increase.
Test 3
How to Choose the Right University Degree for You
Choosing the right university degree is perhaps one of the biggest decisions that you might make in your life. If you are in the process of applying to a university and aren’t sure which degree to choose, here are some things you can do to help you make the right choice.
1
Many teens who are in the process of applying to a university end up being pressured by parents or other family members to apply to study subjects that they are good at but don’t really enjoy. 2 Remember, it’s always easier to improve your knowledge and skills around a certain subject if you are truly passionate about it.
Get some work experience.
There’s nothing like actually experiencing something to help you determine what you might want to do. 3 But you may be able to spend a day in the office or workplace shadowing people who work in those careers and asking them questions.
Think about your future goals.
When you think about your future goals, don’t just think about the work that you want to do—consider the other goals that you have for your life as well. 4 If so, a career as an English teacher or a translator might be the perfect option for you. Perhaps you want a job where you can help others every day, and then medicine, nursing or counselling could be an ideal choice. 5 Then degrees in film, art, and architecture are great choices.
A.Think about what you like.
B.Do you want to travel a lot
C.You don’t have to be employed.
D.Think about what you’re good at.
E.Maybe you want to have many fans.
F.Try not to let others push this on you.
G.Maybe you’re a very creative person.
Test 4
Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with higher expectations and the process of finding your place in the world. 1 The following are things you can do to achieve that!
2 Everyone is different in their teenage years. Some teens prefer to spend time with friends, while others prefer to study and work; some prefer to be quiet wallflowers(待在一旁的人), while others are loud. Saying that there’s only one way to enjoy your teenage years is wrong.
Develop your sense of self, focusing more on your own thoughts. 3 Stop paying so much attention to them as many of them are based on what other people think, instead of what you think. Go ahead and do what you want, without factoring others’ opinions in.
Work on your work ethic(职业道德). What you accomplish in your teenage years may determine your opportunities in your adulthood, so dedicate some time to studying and do your best. Learn how to prioritise, whether it’s with schoolwork, or any extra-curricular activities. Boost your studying skills. 4
Keep good relations with your family as much as possible. 5 It’s the building blocks for all relationships you develop, whether they’re friendships, romantic relationships, or a family you choose to have later on in life. And plus, you see them every day—why not make it nice to spend time with them
A.Avoid rushing to figure out who you are.
B.For lots of people, the teenage years are full of worries.
C.But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teenage years.
D.Family is one of the most important connections in your life.
E.They may not seem enjoyable, but they’re helpful later on in life.
F.Understand that there’s no invariable way to enjoy your teenager years.
G.Being a teenager is not necessarily any easier or more difficult than other life stages.
题型针对练(三)——段中句类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者因妹妹有唐氏综合征, 所以学会了以不同的方式看世界。在机场遇到一对需要帮助的母子时, 作者很自然地伸出了援助之手。
1.G 解析 根据上文的 “When I was seven, my parents explained to me that my sister would be different.” 可知, 作者的妹妹和常人不一样; 根据下文的 “But now I realise I see the world in a much different way, all thanks to her.” 可知, 作者现在意识到自己会以不同的方式看世界。G项 “我不知道她会对我的日常生活产生什么影响。” 承接上文, 与下文衔接符合逻辑。故选G项。
2.B 解析 根据上文的 “There were times when I had to struggle with her.” 可知, 因妹妹有唐氏综合征, 作者不得不与她斗争, B项 “人们会更多地盯着我们看。” 承接上文, 选项中的stare at us even more和下文的staring这一信息语义一致, 上下文通顺合理。故选B项。
3.A 解析 根据上文的 “I had this in mind when I was travelling alone recently and saw a mother and her son with special needs at the airport gate.” 可知, 作者在机场见到一对需要帮助的母子, 而A项 “他们从另一架飞机上下来。” 承接上文, 后文继续讲述他们两个人的情况。A项中的They指上文的a mother and her son; 选项中的another plane和上文的at the airport gate语义相关。故选A项。
4.D 解析 根据上文的 “Some people gave the son and mother strange look, the same kind of look my sister and I would sometimes get.” 可知, 有些人用奇怪的眼神看他们, D项 “但我站起来并问我是否能帮上忙。” 承接上文, 且语义转折, 说明作者和别人不同, 不是旁观而是过去帮忙, 也引出下文 “I tried to help calm the boy down...”。D项的lend a hand和下文的tried to help语义相关, 上下文语义通顺。故选D项。
5.E 解析 根据上文的 “To be honest, I didn’t even really regard what I did as something different or good.” 可知, 作者帮助他人就像帮助自己, 并不感觉是在做好事, 而E项 “我只是认为这是在那样的情形下唯一的选择。” 承接上文, 继续说明作者的感受, 上下文语义通顺。故选E项。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爆米花的一些特点、制作工艺的发展情况, 以及爆米花是如何成为一种观影零食的。
1.A 解析 根据下文的 “The main reason is the snack’s price, convenience, and timing. Popcorn was cheap for sellers and for customers, and making it didn’t require special equipment.” 可知, 本段主要在分析爆米花成为观影零食的原因。句中the snack指代A选项中的popcorn。因而A项 “有几个方面促使爆米花成为典型的观影零食。” 符合语境。故选A项。
2.G 解析 根据下文的 “That is how popcorn got introduced to the silver screen.” 可知, 本句提到爆米花因为某些原因被引入电影院, 由此推知本句在说明这一原因的具体内容: 电影院急需经济增长。因而G项 “爆米花在电影院急需经济增长的时候也很受欢迎。” 符合语境。故选G项。
3.E 解析 根据上文的 “Popcorn does not refer to the popped kernel alone.” 以及下文的 “It was originally grown in Central America and became popular in the US in the mid-1800s.” 可知, 上文提到爆米花不仅指被爆开的玉米粒, 下文则提到了爆米花品种的情况, 因此设空处应承接上文继续就爆米花的品种展开说明, E项中It指代上文的Popcorn, 因而E项 “它也是用于制作小吃的特定玉米类型的名称。” 符合语境。故选E项。
4.B 解析 根据上文的 “Compared with other snacks at the time, it was super easy to make, and it got easier when the mobile steam power popcorn-maker was invented. In the late 19th century a large number of independent popcorn suppliers became widely available.” 可知, 上文提到了一种制作爆米花的装置, 设空句为本段最后一句, 应承接上文继续就这种装置展开说明, B项中They指代上文a large number of independent popcorn suppliers, 因而B项 “它们就像快餐车的祖先一样。” 符合语境。故选B项。
5.F 解析 根据上文的 “Since popcorn was cheap to make, it was also cheap to buy, which increased the popularity of this snack during the Great Depression ...such as popcorn and movies, and the two industries teamed up.” 可知, 爆米花行业和电影行业开始合作, 故本句承接上文说明如何合作, 因而F项 “影院允许爆米花推销员在(电影院)外面卖爆米花, 每天收取一定的费用。” 符合语境。故选F项。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择所学专业的三种方法——考虑喜欢什么, 获取工作经验和思考未来的目标。
1.A 解析 根据下文的 “...you are truly passionate about it.” 可知, 本小标题的相关内容是建议在选择专业时可以考虑自己的爱好, 因而A项 “考虑你喜欢什么。” 符合语境。故选A项。
2.F 解析 根据上文的 “Many teens who are in the process of applying to a university end up being pressured by parents or other family members to apply to study subjects that they are good at but don’t really enjoy.” 可知, 选择专业要遵从自己的内心, 不要受其他人的影响。由此可知, F项 “不要让别人把这件事强加给你。” 符合语境。故选F项。
3.C 解析 根据上文的 “There’s nothing like actually experiencing something to help you determine what you might want to do.” 及下文的 “But you may be able to spend a day in the office or workplace shadowing people who work in those careers and asking them questions.” 可知, 上下文是转折关系, 我们需要亲自体验但不一定要入职, 因而C项 “你不需要被雇用。” 符合语境。故选C项。
4.B 解析 根据本段小标题 “Think about your future goals.” 以及下文的 “If so, a career as an English teacher or a translator might be the perfect option for you.” 可推测, 做英语教师或翻译和出国旅游有关, 因而B项 “你想多去旅行吗 ” 符合语境。故选B项。
5.G 解析 根据下文的 “Then degrees in film, art, and architecture are great choices.” 可知, 这些工作与创造力有关, 因而G项 “也许你是个很有创造力的人。” 符合语境。故选G项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了更好地享受青少年时期的多种方法。
1.C 解析 根据上文的 “Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with higher expectations and the process of finding your place in the world.” 以及下文的 “The following are things you can do to achieve that!” 可知, 设空处和上文形成转折关系, 因而C项 “但这并不意味着你不能享受青少年时期。” 符合语境。故选C项。
2.F 解析 根据设空处后的 “Everyone is different in their teenage years. Some teens prefer ..., while others prefer to ...; some ..., while others ... Saying that there’s only one way to enjoy your teenage years is wrong.” 可知, 此段主要提到每个人享受青少年时期的方式不是固定不变的。因而F项 “要明白没有一成不变的方式来享受你的青少年时期。” 符合语境。故选F项。题型针对练(二)——段首句类
Test 1
(2022·全国乙卷)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy(共情)
3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 4
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
5 , but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Test 2
(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)
In today’s increasingly competitive society, people are loaded with a growing amount of stress. Stress can affect how you feel, think, and behave. 1 It’s worth taking the time to learn different strategies for managing your stress.
Identify the cause. If you are having problems with tense muscles, overtiredness, or headaches, it is quite possibly stress-related. Is it your job, relationship or something else Problems can be divided into three categories: those with a practical solution, those that will get better with time and those outside your control. 2
Move your body. Exercise won’t cure your stress, but it can help to clean your head. Try something new: yoga may be calming, but there’s nothing more thrilling than hitting a punchbag. Don’t worsen the stress by drinking and smoking. 3 They will only make you feel physically and mentally worse.
4 If you are the kind of person who is open to advice, you can talk to a friend about your stress. Friends can work as a support group, and they may provide you with solutions. Sometimes, you can’t see the easy way out of the situation when you are standing right in the middle of it.
Make a list. Having too much to do may cause you to rush around because, if you are moving faster, it feels as if you are getting more done. 5 Make a to-do list. Do the big and important things last, after you have achieved several of the small things. That way, you will approach the big things already feeling good.
A.Talk it through.
B.Be a good listener.
C.These aren’t solutions.
D.It pays to try new things.
E.But this is a false impression.
F.It can also impact how your body functions.
G.Focus on the first kind and ignore the others.
Test 3
(2021·山东淄博高三第三次模拟)
How to stop life getting you down
We don’t like to talk about our struggles, choosing instead to put on a brave face. 1 There are many possible means to prevent ourselves from being knocked down.
Try out a new hobby. Hobbies not only fill time, but also help to give you a sense of purpose and something to be proud of. Try out a new sport, learn to dance or perhaps join a music club. 2
Ask for help. If you’re struggling or feeling down, always remember that you don’t need to be on your own. 3 You’ll also find that online conferences and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help.
4 A new view, focusing on tiny surprises in our life, can help you to feel more positive. Start to appreciate the beauty of a flower, a favourite piece of music or a simple sunny day. Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly enjoy the flavour of your meal or lie on your bed, surrounded by total silence, and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax.
Do things for others. 5 You’ll feel more positive knowing that you’re contributing to a better world, whether helping just one person or a larger group. Try doing a few random acts of kindness to brighten up your day; pay for someone’s dinner at a restaurant or send a nice letter to someone that you know or someone that’s made a difference to your life.
A.Try to appreciate the little things.
B.They may do wonders for your mood.
C.Try not to worry about what people think of you.
D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support.
E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood.
F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favour.
G.So, when things start to get you down how can you pick yourself back up
Test 4
(2021·河北唐山高三二模)
Have you ever been labelled a “perfectionist” Or do you consider yourself to be one It’s inviting to see perfectionism as a desirable or positive quality. 1
Healthy perfectionists want to develop their skills continually. Their standards are always rising, and they approach work with optimism, pleasure and a desire to improve. Unhealthy perfectionists, however, are never satisfied with what they achieve. 2 They may experience fear of failure, anxiety and other painful emotions.
3 According to research, perfectionism is linked to health issues such as eating disorders and depression. Perfectionism can also seriously impact your creativity. This is because perfectionism can prevent you from leaving your comfort zone and taking risks. 4 You may avoid starting a new project until you’ve found the best way to approach it. You might also get caught up in minor details or repeat tasks that have already been completed. As a result, this wastes time that could have been spent on more important tasks.
If you think that you have a problem with perfectionism, start by setting realistic goals. Think about your most important life and career goals. 5 Not only will this make it easier to reach your objectives, but you’ll also experience the thrill of achieving these smaller goals.
Theodore Roosevelt said, “Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.” Accept that this is the best you can do and don’t try to make up some perfect world.
A.If something isn’t perfect, they refuse it.
B.Perfectionism can lead to self-criticism, too.
C.Perfectionism can reduce your productivity, too.
D.Then, break them down into monthly or yearly steps.
E.In fact, severe perfectionism can do more harm than good.
F.They show that you’re not afraid to push yourself and try new things.
G.When perfectionism gets out of control, it can harm you in many aspects.
题型针对练(二)——段首句类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。友谊需要细心呵护才能健康地发展, 文章就相距较远的朋友如何保持长久的友谊给出了五条建议。
1.D 解析 根据该段的小标题以及空格前提到的busy schedules可知, 此处说明双方需要努力找一个对彼此都合适的时间来保持联系, 并坚持这一做法。故选D项。
2.E 解析 根据上文的have communicated with your friend和下文的“There are alternatives to constant written communication ...”可知, E项能够承上启下。故选E项。
3.G 解析 根据下文的The friend who is remaining以及The one in the new environment可知, 此处表示你可能是朋友中离开的那一方或者是留下的那一方。故选G项。
4.A 解析 根据该段的内容可知, 周年纪念日、生日等是非常重要的日期, 为了避免遗忘, 要用日记本把一些重要的日期记录下来, 故小标题应为“记住重要的日期”。故选A项。
5.F 解析 根据下文的face-to-face time together可知, 虽然通过社交媒体保持联系很容易, 但是面对面的聚会也是很有必要的。故选F项。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面对压力时, 人们应该采取的一些措施。
1.F 解析 根据上文的 “In today’s increasingly competitive society, people are loaded with a growing amount of stress. Stress can affect how you feel, think, and behave.” 以及下文的 “It’s worth taking the time to learn different strategies for managing your stress.” 可知, 上文提到压力对人们的影响, 下文则说值得花时间学习管理压力的策略, 由此可知空格处应承接上文继续说明压力对人的影响。故选F项。
2.G 解析 根据上文的 “Identify the cause. If you are having problems with tense muscles ...Is it your job, relationship or something else Problems can be divided into three categories...” 可知, 本段的主题句是找到压力产生的原因, 且上文提到了三类问题, 空格处为本段最后一句, 应承接上文说明应该关注第一类问题, 故G项符合语境。
3.C 解析 根据上文的 “Move your body. Exercise won’t cure your stress ...Try something new: yoga may be calming ...Don’t worsen the stress by drinking and smoking.” 可知, 上文提到不要通过喝酒和抽烟加重压力, 故本句承接上文说明 “这些不是解决方案。”, C项的These指代上文的drinking and smoking。故选C项。
4.A 解析 根据下文的 “If you are the kind of person who is open to advice, you can talk to a friend about your stress. Friends can work as a support group ...Sometimes, you can’t see the easy way out of the situation when you are standing right in the middle of it.” 可知, 下文提到可以通过向朋友倾诉自己的压力的方式来缓解压力, 故A项符合语境。
5.E 解析 根据上文的 “Make a list. Having too much to do may cause you to rush around because, if you are moving faster, it feels as if you are getting more done.” 可知, 你行动得越快, 就会感觉你完成的事情越多。而下文则提出要列一个待办事项清单, 建议在完成一些小事情后再去做那些大的、重要的事情, 由此可知本句与上文构成转折意义, 故E项“但这是一种错误的印象。” 符合语境。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。遇到困难与挫折时如何让自己勇敢面对困难 文章就此提出了一些建议。
1.G 解析 根据空格前的 “We don’t like to talk about our struggles, choosing instead to put on a brave face.” 可知, 我们不喜欢谈论遇到的困难, 却选择表现出坚强的样子。根据空格后的 “There are many possible means to prevent ourselves from being knocked down.” 可知, 下文给出了几种防止自己被击倒的方法。G项 “So, when things start to get you down how can you pick yourself back up ” 起承上启下的作用。故选G项。
2.B 解析 上文的 “Hobbies not only fill time, but also help to give you a sense of purpose and something to be proud of.” 与B项 “They may do wonders for your mood.” 都在讲述兴趣带来的好处。故选B项。
3.D 解析 本段主题句是 “Ask for help.”, 而D项 “Friends will be happy to help and provide support.” 与主题句意思一致, 选项中的help呼应主题句 “Ask for help.”。故选D项。
4.A 解析 空格处为本段主题句。根据下文的 “A new view, focusing on tiny surprises in our life, can help you to feel more positive.” 可知, 本段的建议是欣赏生活中的小事, A项 “Try to appreciate the little things.” 可以概括本段内容。故选A项。
5.F 解析 根据本段主题句 “Do things for others.” 可知, 下文主要介绍帮助别人的好处。F项 “Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favour.” 承接上下文。故选F项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了严重完美主义的一些危害以及克服完美主义的办法。
1.E 解析 根据上文 “Have you ever been labelled a ‘perfectionist’ Or do you consider yourself to be one It’s inviting to see perfectionism as a desirable or positive quality.” 以及下文关于严重完美主义的弊端的内容可知, E项 “事实上, 严重完美主义可能弊大于利。” 符合此处语境。故选E项。
2.A 解析 上文的 “Healthy perfectionists want to develop their skills continually. Their standards are always rising... desire to improve. Unhealthy perfectionists, however, are never satisfied with what they achieve.” 提到了不健康完美主义者的表现; 下文的 “They may experience fear of failure, anxiety and other painful emotions.” 进一步列举不健康完美主义者的表现; A项中的they对应上文中的Unhealthy perfectionists, 因此A项 “如果某个东西是不完美的, 他们就拒绝它。” 符合语境。故选A项。题型针对练(四)——段尾句类
Test 1
A good book can be satisfying. If reading is a habit you’d like to get into, there are some ways to develop it.
Realise that reading is enjoyable if you have a good book. If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task. 1
Set time. You should have some time during every day when you’ll read for at least 5 to 10 minutes. 2 For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone.
Always carry a book. 3 When I leave the house, I always make sure to have my car keys and one book at hand. The book stays with me in the car, and I take it into the office and pretty much everywhere I go.
4 Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair. Do not lie down unless you’re going to sleep. There should be no television or computer near the chair, and no music or noisy family members or roommates. If you don’t have a place like this, create one.
Reduce the time on television or the Internet. If you really want to read more, try to reduce the time on television or the Internet. This may be difficult for some people. Still, you could use every minute you save from the Internet or television for reading. 5
A.If this happens, give up the book and find another one that you’ll really love.
B.It means you will read no matter how busy you are.
C.Find a quiet place.
D.Go to bookstores.
E.Wherever you go, take a book with you.
F.This could create hours of book reading time.
G.Have some good tea or coffee while you read.
Test 2
(2021·安徽淮南高三第一次模拟)
Do You Waste Food
How much food do you buy each week Are you someone who fills your fridge and cupboards with food so that you’ll always have something to eat and never go hungry 1
Throwing away unwanted food has become a big issue in the developed countries. While some of us throw away unwanted items, people in other parts of the world face food shortages and are starving. 2 The actual figure is 1.3 billion tons of food, which is enough to feed a billion hungry people.
You may think supermarkets are mainly to blame for this mountain of food. After all, they do cast stuff that’s past its sell-by date. They’ve also been criticised for encouraging customers to buy more than they need. 3 In Europe an incredible 53% of food waste comes from households, which results in 88 million tons of food waste a year. So instead of filling our bellies, our food is filling up landfill sites. Unfortunately, this causes greenhouse gases which eventually lead to global warming and climate change.
In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to tackle this problem. She convinced some supermarkets to stop selling their items in quantity so that people bought only what they needed. She’s set up an education programme in schools. 4
5 And when we’re at home we should make the most of the food we have—using recipes that use up our leftovers or even sharing our extra food with our friends and neighbours.
A.People buy more than they need and throw too much away.
B.Or maybe, you’re efficient with your shopping, only buying what you need.
C.But the biggest contributor to food waste is us.
D.Clearly, we need to think twice when shopping.
E.We simply need to stop throwing away food and enjoy it instead.
F.This has helped create a 25% reduction in food waste.
G.It’s shocking that a third of the world’s food is wasted each year.
Test 3
Learning Through Play
Early childhood education often focuses on learning through play. It meets the physical, intellectual, language and emotional needs of children. 1 Thus, children learn more efficiently and gain more knowledge through activities such as dramatic plays, art and social games.
Learning through play has been seen regularly in practice as the most useful way a child can learn. Researchers suggest children should be given plenty of outdoor exercise or play to keep them physically and emotionally healthy. 2
However, due to the advancement of technology, the art of play has started to disappear and has been transformed into playing through technology. 3 If we want to develop a variety of skills, we need a balanced media diet. Each medium has costs and benefits in terms of what skills each develops. Technology is beginning to invade the art of play and a balance needs to be found.
Many oppose the theory of learning through play because they think children are not gaining new knowledge. 4 They are exploring different roles, learning how things work and learning to communicate and work with others. These things cannot be taught by a standard curriculum(课程), but have to be developed through the method of play. 5 They have designed their curriculum around that to allow children to have more freedom. Once these basics are learned at a young age, it sets children up for success throughout their schooling and their life.
A.No media is good for everything.
B.They believe children learn through movement.
C.Many schools understand the importance of play.
D.Some play opportunities will develop specific areas of children’s brain.
E.They believe play allows children to talk and use their imagination.
F.In reality, play is the first way children learn to make sense of the world at a young age.
G.Children’s natural curiosity and imagination naturally produce learning when uncontrolled.
Test 4
(2021·安徽黄山二模)
The Secrets of Successful Listening
“When people talk, listen completely.” Those words of Ernest Hemingway might be a pretty good guiding principle for many managers, as might the saying by Zeno of Citium, a Greek philosopher,“We have two ears and one mouth, so we should listen more than we say.” 1
Some firms use a technique known as a “listening circle”. 2 In such a circle, only one person can talk about the issues they face at a time and there is no interruption. A study cited in the Harvard Business Review found that employees who had taken part in a listening circle then suffered less social anxiety and had fewer worries about work-related matters than those who had not.
Listening has been critical to the career of Richard Mullender, who was a negotiator, dealing with everything. He defines listening as “the identification, selection and comprehension of the key words”. 3 Plenty of people think that good listening is about nodding your head or keeping eye contact. But that is not really listening, Mr Mullender argues.
A good listener is always looking for facts, emotions and indications of the speaker’s values. Another important point to bear in mind is that, when you talk, you are not listening. The listener’s focus should be on analysis.
4 One approach is to make an assessment of what the other person is telling you and then check it with them. 5 The fundamental aim is to build up a relationship so the other person likes you and trusts you, Mr Mullender says.
A.It is vital to all effective communication.
B.However, a listener needs to speak occasionally.
C.For people like listening to others.
D.That gives the other party a sense that they are being understood.
E.Therefore, a listener shouldn’t just listen.
F.In it participants are encouraged to talk openly and honestly.
G.For people like being listened to.
题型针对练(四)——段尾句类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。阅读是很好的习惯, 文章对于怎么养成阅读的习惯给出了一些建议。
1.A 解析 根据上文的 “If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task.” 可知, 如果你有一本难懂的书, 而且你正强迫自己看完它, 那看起来就像是一项任务。因而A项 “如果这样的话, 不如放弃这本书, 找另外一本你真正喜欢的。” 符合语境。故选A项。
2.B 解析 根据下文的 “For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone.” 可知, 如果你独自一人吃饭, 在早餐、午餐甚至晚餐时都要养成阅读的习惯。因而B项 “这就意味着不管你多么忙, 你都要阅读。” 符合语境。故选B项。
3.E 解析 根据上文的 “Always carry a book.” 可知, 总是带着一本书, E项 “无论你去哪, 随身带本书。” 是对上文进一步的解释说明。故选E项。
4.C 解析 根据下文的 “Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair.” 以及 “There should be no television or computer ... and no music or noisy family members or roommates.” 可知, 要找一个安静的地方, C项 “找一个安静的地方。” 概括本段内容。故选C项。
5.F 解析 根据上文的 “Still, you could use every minute you save from the Internet or television for reading.” 可知, 你可以利用在互联网或电视上节省的每一分钟阅读, 因而F项 “这可以创造数小时的读书时间。” 符合语境。故选F项。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。近几年来, 发达国家正面临愈演愈烈的食品浪费现象, 生活在这些国家的人们扔掉大量的食物。与其相反, 还有一些国家的人们面临食物紧缺问题。本文主要介绍了导致食物浪费的原因和减少浪费的办法。
1.B 解析 根据上文的 “How much food do you buy each week Are you someone who fills your fridge and cupboards with food so that you’ll always have something to eat and never go hungry ” 可知, 此处问读者每周买多少食物, 列举了一种买很多食物填满冰箱和碗橱的人, 由此可知设空处可能会讲每周买多少食物的另一种情况(或人), 承接上文, 而B项 “或者, 你购物效率很高, 只买你需要的东西。” 符合语境。故选B项。
2.G 解析 根据上文的 “Throwing away unwanted food has become a big issue in the developed countries. While some of us throw away unwanted items, people in other parts of the world face food shortages and are starving.” 和下文的 “The actual figure is 1.3 billion tons of food, which is enough to feed a billion hungry people.” 可知, 前一句讲到发达国家食物浪费现象, 后一句讲十三亿吨粮食足够养活十亿饥饿人口。由此可知, 设空处应该讲食物浪费的多少, 因而G项 “令人震惊的是, 世界上每年有三分之一的食物被浪费了。” 符合语境。故选G项。
3.C 解析 根据下文的 “In Europe an incredible 53% of food waste comes from households, which results in 88 million tons of food waste a year.” 可知, 53%的食物浪费来自家庭, 说明是消费者自己造成了食物浪费, 因而C项 “但造成食物浪费的最大因素是我们。” 符合语境。故选C项。
4.F 解析 根据上文的 “In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to tackle this problem. She convinced some supermarkets to stop selling their items in quantity so that people bought only what they needed. She’s set up an education programme in schools.” 可知, 这位女士采取措施解决食物浪费问题, 由此可知她设立教育计划也是为了减少食物浪费问题, 因而F项 “这有助于减少25%的食物浪费。” 符合语境。故选F项。
5.D 解析 根据上文内容及下文的 “And when we’re at home we should make the most of the food we have—using recipes that use up our leftovers or even sharing our extra food with our friends and neighbours.” 可知, 在家时应充分利用现有的食物, 用可以把剩余食物用光的食谱, 甚至与朋友和邻居分享多余的食物, 由此可知D项 “显然, 我们在购物时要三思而后行。” 符合语境。故选D项。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。儿童早期教育侧重于寓学于乐, 这种教育方式可以适应孩子身心健康发展的需求。
1.G 解析 根据设空处前后的内容可知, 寓学于乐的教育方式适应孩子身体、智力、语言和情感等方面的需要, 他们通过游戏学到了很多东西。故选G项。
2.E 解析 根据设空处前面一句可知, 研究人员认为孩子们应该多做户外运动或玩游戏以保持身心健康。E项内容用在此处承接上文。故选E项。
3.A 解析 根据设空处前的一句和设空处后的三句可推知, 作者认为随着科技的发展孩子们接触各种媒体时应该找到一种平衡, 故可推知, 任何一种媒体都有其不足之处。故选A项。
4.F 解析 根据设空处后面的一句可知, 孩子们在游戏中探索不同的角色, 学习事情如何运作, 学习与人交流、合作。这说明事实上游戏是孩子在小时候学习理解这个世界的第一种方式。故选F项。
5.C 解析 设空处后面的一句提到他们设置课程的目的是让孩子们有更多自由。故可推知, 很多学校都认识到游戏的重要性。故选C项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种成功倾听的方法。
1.G 解析 根据上文的 “When people talk, listen completely.” 及 “We have two ears and one mouth, so we should listen more than we say.” 可知, 设空处内容与解释要倾听的原因有关, 因而G项 “因为人们喜欢被倾听。” 符合语境。故选G项。
2.F 解析 根据上文的 “Some firms use a technique known as a ‘listening circle’.” 可知, 选项F中的代词it指前一句中a technique known as a “listening circle”, 且此处内容与 “倾听圈” 的技术特点有关, 因而F项 “在这里面参与者被鼓励开诚布公地交谈。” 符合语境。故选F项。
