2024届高考二轮复习英语试题（新高考新教材）+考点分类练（一） 细节理解题——直接信息类 (含答案)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高考二轮复习英语试题（新高考新教材）+考点分类练（一） 细节理解题——直接信息类 (含答案) |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 26.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-21 18:02:25 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
A
(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, and then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain, ” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world. ”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807, 500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat, ” Curtin says.
4.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
5.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
6.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
C
Different from a text-heavy novel, coffee table books offer large images and smaller sections of the text, allowing us to easily dive in and explore.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Masterpiece Paintings by Kathryn Calley Galitz
If you’re unable to wander along the corridors of this world-famous museum yourself, don’t panic; this book offers an impressive insight into some of the masterpieces housed here. Amazing images will attract the casual readers, while insights from Galitz, curator(馆长) of the museum, into different pieces are set to engage art and history lovers alike.
Destinations of a Lifetime: 225 of the World’s Most Amazing Places by National Geographic
With large, striking photos, a mere glance through this book will fuel the urge to travel. Besides a few of the hot places, there are plenty of destinations you may not have heard of. Alongside images of dramatic landscapes, accompanying text reveals highlights at each spot and handy tips on experiencing them like a local.
The Secret Gardeners by Victoria Summerley
When people are thinking of some of Britain’s most famous names, their busy lifestyles probably spring to mind. But, away from the public eye, these individuals are just like us, and love nothing more than spending hours in their gardens. The pages of this beautiful book share fantastic images from the gardens of 25 well-known personalities.
The Story of Food: An Illustrated History of Everything We Eat by DK
The origins and facts of different ingredients are included in this book, along with explorations into the development of cooking over the ages. The book is more text-heavy, but don’t let that put you off; there are still plenty of beautiful photos and vivid illustrations throughout.
8.Which of the following books includes opinions from an expert
A.The Secret Gardeners.
B.The Story of Food.
C.Destinations of a Lifetime.
D.The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9.What does Victoria write about
A.History of cooking.
B.Tips on travelling cheaply.
C.Lifestyles of personalities.
D.Private gardens in Britain.
10.What makes The Story of Food different
A.It contains bigger sections of words.
B.It provides data people never heard of.
C.It appeals to casual readers and specialists.
D.It shares some fantastic images.
考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位医学界从业人员的基本情况。
1.C 解析 细节理解题。根据Jacqueline介绍中的“...where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及James介绍中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813...”可知, 她们两人的共同之处是都可以做外科手术。故选C项。
2.A 解析 细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian介绍中的最后一句“In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. ”可知, 她写了一本书。其余三人的介绍中都没有提到写过书。故选A项。
3.D 解析 细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler介绍中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. ”可知, 她是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己浪费芝麻菜的例子引出食物浪费的话题, 进而呼吁我们减少食物浪费。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. ”可知, 朋友邀请作者就餐, 作者把鸡肉放进冰柜里, 但随着日子一天天过去, 芝麻菜变坏了。由此猜测, 作者提到芝麻菜是为了说明有时我们会无意识地浪费食物。故选B项。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”和“‘...it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’”可知, 食物浪费会造成环境危害。故选B项。
6.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”可知, 该公司回收食物并把它制成更健康的食物。故选D项。
7.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping ...”可知, Curtin建议我们只购买需要的东西。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合休闲时光阅读的书籍。
A
(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, and then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain, ” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world. ”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807, 500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat, ” Curtin says.
4.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
5.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
6.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
C
Different from a text-heavy novel, coffee table books offer large images and smaller sections of the text, allowing us to easily dive in and explore.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Masterpiece Paintings by Kathryn Calley Galitz
If you’re unable to wander along the corridors of this world-famous museum yourself, don’t panic; this book offers an impressive insight into some of the masterpieces housed here. Amazing images will attract the casual readers, while insights from Galitz, curator(馆长) of the museum, into different pieces are set to engage art and history lovers alike.
Destinations of a Lifetime: 225 of the World’s Most Amazing Places by National Geographic
With large, striking photos, a mere glance through this book will fuel the urge to travel. Besides a few of the hot places, there are plenty of destinations you may not have heard of. Alongside images of dramatic landscapes, accompanying text reveals highlights at each spot and handy tips on experiencing them like a local.
The Secret Gardeners by Victoria Summerley
When people are thinking of some of Britain’s most famous names, their busy lifestyles probably spring to mind. But, away from the public eye, these individuals are just like us, and love nothing more than spending hours in their gardens. The pages of this beautiful book share fantastic images from the gardens of 25 well-known personalities.
The Story of Food: An Illustrated History of Everything We Eat by DK
The origins and facts of different ingredients are included in this book, along with explorations into the development of cooking over the ages. The book is more text-heavy, but don’t let that put you off; there are still plenty of beautiful photos and vivid illustrations throughout.
8.Which of the following books includes opinions from an expert
A.The Secret Gardeners.
B.The Story of Food.
C.Destinations of a Lifetime.
D.The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9.What does Victoria write about
A.History of cooking.
B.Tips on travelling cheaply.
C.Lifestyles of personalities.
D.Private gardens in Britain.
10.What makes The Story of Food different
A.It contains bigger sections of words.
B.It provides data people never heard of.
C.It appeals to casual readers and specialists.
D.It shares some fantastic images.
考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位医学界从业人员的基本情况。
1.C 解析 细节理解题。根据Jacqueline介绍中的“...where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及James介绍中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813...”可知, 她们两人的共同之处是都可以做外科手术。故选C项。
2.A 解析 细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian介绍中的最后一句“In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. ”可知, 她写了一本书。其余三人的介绍中都没有提到写过书。故选A项。
3.D 解析 细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler介绍中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. ”可知, 她是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己浪费芝麻菜的例子引出食物浪费的话题, 进而呼吁我们减少食物浪费。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. ”可知, 朋友邀请作者就餐, 作者把鸡肉放进冰柜里, 但随着日子一天天过去, 芝麻菜变坏了。由此猜测, 作者提到芝麻菜是为了说明有时我们会无意识地浪费食物。故选B项。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”和“‘...it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’”可知, 食物浪费会造成环境危害。故选B项。
6.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”可知, 该公司回收食物并把它制成更健康的食物。故选D项。
7.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping ...”可知, Curtin建议我们只购买需要的东西。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合休闲时光阅读的书籍。