2024届高考二轮复习英语试题（新高考新教材）+考点分类练（四） 推理判断题——观点态度类（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考二轮复习英语试题（新高考新教材）+考点分类练（四） 推理判断题——观点态度类（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-12-21 18:06:40 | ||
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考点分类练(四) 推理判断题——观点态度类
A
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
2.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
3.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
B
(2021·山东菏泽一模)
Charvi Goyal is a high school student from Dallas, Texas, who helps out other classmates by tutoring them between classes. A tutor is someone who teaches one person or a very small group of students.
When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online. The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones. It started with a small number of tutors who helped young people in their city. But it has grown into a group of 22 tutors from Texas, Arizona and Ohio. They have helped more than 300 students.
TutorScope aims to give the one-on-one help that teachers have traditionally given while walking around their classrooms. But now, many teachers cannot provide that one-on-one support because they lack time or have issues with technology.
Sarah Newman said her children, 7-year-old twins, had helpful TutorScope experiences. “With these tutors, I realise they have time,” she said, “I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.”
What makes the TutorScope effort special is the connection between the teenage volunteers and the other students they are helping. Although the pandemic has forced many students to look inward, Goyal said that working with others on a big project had permitted her to look outward.“My confidence level has increased,” Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.
5.What did Goyal do because of the pandemic
A.She helped her classmates at school.
B.She got active in fighting a disease.
C.She offered online classes to students.
D.She went to another country for help.
6.What’s the purpose of TutorScope
A.To give online help.
B.To make profits.
C.To make friends.
D.To choose volunteers.
7.What’s Sarah Newman’s attitude towards the programme
A.Favourable. B.Tolerant.
C.Skeptical. D.Critical.
8.What can we learn from Goyal’s success
A.Putting the cart before the horse.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.No man can do two things at once.
D.Helping others will benefit oneself.
C
Online education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials.
In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral programme. However, the first question out of her mouth was,“Do you offer any online courses ” Later that day, as I was reading the conference programme guide and trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realise at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.
I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognise the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programmes at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two staff members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.
9.Why did the author take a student for example
A.To show students’ love for the doctoral programme.
B.To persuade learners of traditional education.
C.To explain the growing trend of online education.
D.To predict the future of the teaching career.
10.What caused the author to know more about online education
A.The appetite for knowledge.
B.The professional responsibilities.
C.The requirement of research.
D.The colleagues’ encouragement.
11.What is the author’s attitude to online education
A.Carefree. B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive. D.Unwilling.
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题——观点态度类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了一项新研究, 该研究阐述了“群体智慧”效应的基本原理。
1.B 解析 段落大意题。 根据第二段中的“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors...resulting in a more accurate estimate.”可知, 当足够多的误差被平均在一起时, 它们就会相互抵消, 从而得到更准确的估计。 由此可知, 本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基础逻辑。 故选B项。
2.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知, Navajas的研究表明, 即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情况下, 其准确率的提高也是可以做到的。 故选D项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“...the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知, 后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。 故选C项。
4.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段内容可知, 尽管Navajas的研究有局限性, 仍存在许多问题, 但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。 由此可推知, 作者对Navajas的研究是持赞成态度的。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生Charvi Goyal在疫情期间通过网络教学帮助了学生, 同时也增强了自己的自信心。
5.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online.” 可知, 疫情期间她为学生提供了在线课程。故选C项。
6.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones.” 可知, TutorScope的目的是提供在线帮助。故选A项。
7.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “‘With these tutors, I realise they have time,’she said, ‘I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.’” 可推断, Sarah Newman对这个项目持赞同和支持的态度。故选A项。
8.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “‘My confidence level has increased,’ Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.” 可知, 她做这个项目既帮助了别人, 也帮助了自己。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者接触、研究、学习以及实施在线教育的故事。
A
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
2.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
3.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
B
(2021·山东菏泽一模)
Charvi Goyal is a high school student from Dallas, Texas, who helps out other classmates by tutoring them between classes. A tutor is someone who teaches one person or a very small group of students.
When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online. The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones. It started with a small number of tutors who helped young people in their city. But it has grown into a group of 22 tutors from Texas, Arizona and Ohio. They have helped more than 300 students.
TutorScope aims to give the one-on-one help that teachers have traditionally given while walking around their classrooms. But now, many teachers cannot provide that one-on-one support because they lack time or have issues with technology.
Sarah Newman said her children, 7-year-old twins, had helpful TutorScope experiences. “With these tutors, I realise they have time,” she said, “I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.”
What makes the TutorScope effort special is the connection between the teenage volunteers and the other students they are helping. Although the pandemic has forced many students to look inward, Goyal said that working with others on a big project had permitted her to look outward.“My confidence level has increased,” Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.
5.What did Goyal do because of the pandemic
A.She helped her classmates at school.
B.She got active in fighting a disease.
C.She offered online classes to students.
D.She went to another country for help.
6.What’s the purpose of TutorScope
A.To give online help.
B.To make profits.
C.To make friends.
D.To choose volunteers.
7.What’s Sarah Newman’s attitude towards the programme
A.Favourable. B.Tolerant.
C.Skeptical. D.Critical.
8.What can we learn from Goyal’s success
A.Putting the cart before the horse.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.No man can do two things at once.
D.Helping others will benefit oneself.
C
Online education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials.
In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral programme. However, the first question out of her mouth was,“Do you offer any online courses ” Later that day, as I was reading the conference programme guide and trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realise at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.
I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognise the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programmes at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two staff members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.
9.Why did the author take a student for example
A.To show students’ love for the doctoral programme.
B.To persuade learners of traditional education.
C.To explain the growing trend of online education.
D.To predict the future of the teaching career.
10.What caused the author to know more about online education
A.The appetite for knowledge.
B.The professional responsibilities.
C.The requirement of research.
D.The colleagues’ encouragement.
11.What is the author’s attitude to online education
A.Carefree. B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive. D.Unwilling.
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题——观点态度类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了一项新研究, 该研究阐述了“群体智慧”效应的基本原理。
1.B 解析 段落大意题。 根据第二段中的“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors...resulting in a more accurate estimate.”可知, 当足够多的误差被平均在一起时, 它们就会相互抵消, 从而得到更准确的估计。 由此可知, 本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基础逻辑。 故选B项。
2.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知, Navajas的研究表明, 即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情况下, 其准确率的提高也是可以做到的。 故选D项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“...the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知, 后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。 故选C项。
4.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段内容可知, 尽管Navajas的研究有局限性, 仍存在许多问题, 但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。 由此可推知, 作者对Navajas的研究是持赞成态度的。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生Charvi Goyal在疫情期间通过网络教学帮助了学生, 同时也增强了自己的自信心。
5.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online.” 可知, 疫情期间她为学生提供了在线课程。故选C项。
6.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones.” 可知, TutorScope的目的是提供在线帮助。故选A项。
7.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “‘With these tutors, I realise they have time,’she said, ‘I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.’” 可推断, Sarah Newman对这个项目持赞同和支持的态度。故选A项。
8.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “‘My confidence level has increased,’ Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.” 可知, 她做这个项目既帮助了别人, 也帮助了自己。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者接触、研究、学习以及实施在线教育的故事。