考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
A
(2022·全国乙卷)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
B
(2021·山东烟台一模)
Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.
Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.
Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.
Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.
5.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy
A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.
B.He researched as many students as he could.
C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.
D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.
6.What did Crede discover in his study
A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.
B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.
D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.
7.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.
B.Having too many exam papers to mark.
C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.
D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for Creation
B.Quizzes Improve Academic Performance
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden
D.Quizzes Increase Boredom
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.
9.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Children. B.Relatives.
C.Friends. D.Colleagues.
10.What can we infer about the male anemone fish
A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.
B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.
11.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish
A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.
B.The young fish are already independent.
C.The living environment is worse.
D.The dad is in a state of aging.
12.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom
B.The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life
D.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature
考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、 对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句可知, 无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线, 这使得它将被应用于铁路系统成为可能。 故选A项。
2.C 解析 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中的“...to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可以推断出, 画线单词指的就是“维修, 维护”。 故选C项。
3.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知, 人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报, 确保列车能及时应对问题, 从而提高安全系数。 故选A项。
4.D 解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向, 因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现, 经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。
5.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.” 可知, 为确保研究的准确性, Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料, 而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes.” 可知, 频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes.” 可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。
8.B 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea.” 和第三段的 “Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了Crede通过研究证明, 经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响, 因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。
9.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring.” 可推测, 画线词意为 “后代, 孩子”。故选A项。考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
A
(2022·全国甲卷)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go, ” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has, ” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things.
B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories.
D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins.
B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare.
D.A friend’s invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
B
(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)
An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.
The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.
Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.
Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”
Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.
Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an e-book best-seller. He said, “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”
5.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do
A.Help to release an e-book as a film.
B.Help readers improve reading speed.
C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.
D.Get readers familiar with the background.
6.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books
A.Sherlock Holmes.
B.Caroline Michel.
C.David Nicholls.
D.Stuart MacBride.
7.What do we know about Stuart MacBride
A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.
B.He knew a great deal of tea.
C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.
D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.
8.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.
B.Response to the need of the book market.
C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.
D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.
C
For most people, graduation is an exciting day—the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.
I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.
You know that feeling when you wake up in fear That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.
So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智) I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.
The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.
9.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .
A.was having an exciting graduation
B.was getting into financial difficulties
C.missed the life in the university
D.had just applied for the student loan
10.How did the author change the frustrating situation
A.By sending applications.
B.By offering contracts.
C.By keeping writing.
D.By publishing books.
11.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph
A.Unattractive. B.Hopeless.
C.Thrilling. D.Promising.
12.What is the passage mainly about
A.Success belongs to the persevering.
B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.
C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.
D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游, 后来机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行, 并留下了深刻印象的故事。
1.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...has had a deep love for travel.”以及her sons eventually flew the nest可知, Ginni从小就热爱旅行并且儿子们都自立门户了, 所以此处表示自己可以去尝试有挑战的事情了。故选A项。
2.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica ...”以及第三句中的“I just decided I wanted to go ...”可知, 在智利她买到了去往南极洲的廉价船票, 然后她决定去南极。C项意为“打折票”, 符合题意。故选C项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans ...that hit home to Ginni.”可知, 它应该被很好地保护。注意hit home to sb意为“切中要害, 使人接受”, 不表示“家”的概念。故选C项。
4.B 解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段提到Ginni去了南极洲, 第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件, 第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行, 最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文, 且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出版商希望通过发行带有配乐和音乐伴奏的版本来促进电子书的成功, 以及人们对此的不同看法。
5.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.” 可知, 当一本书的情节达到最激动人心的部分时, 背景音乐就会产生紧张感。由此推知, 出版商希望电子书的配乐能在书的激动人心之处增加紧张感。故选C项。
6.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中Caroline Michel所说的 “Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.” 可以推知, Caroline Michel赞成为电子书增加配乐。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Stuart MacBride所说的 “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.” 可知, Stuart MacBride在阅读时能想象与故事相关的声音。故选D项。
8.A 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其根据第三段的 “Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers.” 以及第六段的 “Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading.” 可知, 本文主要介绍了人们对带有配乐的电子书的(不同)看法。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在毕业后虽然经历失败和恐惧, 但他不放弃, 最终走出困境的励志故事。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.” 可知, 作者在毕业后难以找到工作, 而学生贷款的还款期限日益逼近。由此推知, 作者面临经济困难。故选B项。考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
A
(2021·山东淄博高三三模)
For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.
The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.
The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.
Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!
As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The information of industrial revolution.
B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
C.The reasons of climate change.
D.The result of extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Some measures are still required to take.
C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.
D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text
(P:Paragraph)
B
Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.
Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.
Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”
Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”
Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”
While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”
4.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The result of the study.
B.The process of the study.
C.The participants of the study.
D.The intention of the study.
5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow
A.A heart attack.
B.A stroke.
C.High-density lipoprotein.
D.Low-density lipoprotein.
6.What does the recent study tell us
A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.
B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.
C.Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart.
D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.
7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease
A.Indifferent. B.Hopeful.
C.Negative. D.Uncertain.
C
Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson. I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.
Throughout my past life as an accountant, a business author and speaker, I volunteered in many fields and many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.
8.What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.
B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.
C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.
D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.
9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but worthwhile.
C.Funny and enjoyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph
A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.
B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.
C.She’s never recovered from the injury.
D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.
11.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Volunteering: A Journey Back
D.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic in nature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述, D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 利于身体健康。
4.A 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” 和 “Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke.” 可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的 “... but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart.” 可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供有价值的营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的 “Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease.” 可知, Krittanawong博士对 “巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用” 是 “充满希望的”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, ... two volunteers groom the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where ... There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety ... Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
