人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Key Words课件(共69张PPT)

(共69张PPT)
实验方案
实验课题
实验报告
实验总结
Science and Scientists
选必二 Unit 1
Vocabulary
　
1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的，十分严重的，严厉的→__________adv. 严厉地；严重地　　　　　
2. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→　　　　。　 vt. 反驳；矛盾→　　 　 　　n. 反驳；矛盾 ；不一致
3. infection n.感染；传染→　　　　　vt. 使感染；传染→__________adj. 传染性的，感染的，有感染力的→__________ adj. 感染别人的，有传染性的
4. proof n. 证据；证明；检验→　　　 vt. 证明
5. intervention n. 介入；出面;干涉→　　 　　　vi. 介入；干涉
6. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→　　　　 v. 净化→
　　 　adv. 完全地，仅仅
severely　
contradict　
infect　
infectious
contradiction
intervene　
purify　
prove
purely　
infective
waterproof 防水的 bulletproof 防弹的
windproof 防风的
　
7. multiple adj. 数量多的的；多种多样的的→　　　　v. 倍增；繁殖
8. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变→
n. 改变；转换
9. initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→　　　　　adv. 起初
10. mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的→　　　　 　adv. 机械地→____________n. 机械师
11. defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→　　　 　　n. 防御；保卫→
　　　 adj. 防御的；生气的
12. assistant n. 助理；助手→　　 vt. 帮助；协助→　　　　　n.帮助；协助；援助
multiply　
transformation　
initially　
mechanically　
defense/defence　
assist
assistance　
defensive　
mechanic　
　
13. gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→　　 n. 天赋；礼物
14. steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→　　　　　adv. 平稳地；持续地→　　 　adj. 不平稳的；不持续地的
15. virus n. [C]病毒→_________adj. 病毒性的 go viral 走红16.vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→　　　　　adv. 生动地
17. patriotic adj. 爱国的→　　 adv.爱国地→　　　　　n.爱国主义
18. subscribe v. 定期订购，定期缴纳(会费)→ n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者→ n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
steadily　
viral　
vividly
unsteady　
gift　
patriotically
patriotism
subscriber
subscription
　
19. suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；不信任；n. 嫌疑犯→　　 n. 怀疑;猜忌→　　　　 　adj. 感觉可疑的；令人怀疑的
20. substantial adj. 大量的; 价值大→_____________n. 物质;实质
21. microscope n. 显微镜→______________n. 望远镜→______________n. 微波炉
22. concrete n. 混凝土；adj. 具体的→______________adv.具体地
23. astronomer n. 天文学家→　　　　　　n. 天文学→
n. 宇航员
suspicious
suspicion
substance
telescope
microwave
concretely
astronomy
astronaut
cholera ['k l r ] n.霍乱
severe [s 'v (r)] adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的
diarrhoea [ da 'r ] n.腹泻
dehydration [ di ha 'dre n] n.脱水
frustrated [fr 'stre t d] adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的
感染霍乱
severely adv.严厉地
寒冬
de·hydrat(e)·ion
de- 前缀表否定
adj.令人沮丧的
frustrate v. → frustration n.
choler n.胆汁
get/have/develop
a severe winter
= have the runs 拉肚子
hydrate v.吸收水分
frustrating
once and for all 最终地; 彻底地
contradictory [ k ntr 'd kt ri] adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
infection [ n'fek n] n.感染;传染
infect [ n'fekt] v.使感染; 传染
germ [d m] n 微生物; 细菌; 病菌
彻底地：
His words are contradictory to himself.
He _____________ to himself.
One’s saliva would be infectious if being infected.
infectious laughter
一劳永逸地
completely/entirely
= bacterium
adj.传染性的
contradicts
adj.被传染的
富有感染力的笑声
once and for all 最终地；彻底地
1. The problem can be solved once and for all, if you do that.
如果你那样做，问题就能彻底得到解决。
2. All at once, a rabbit came out of a hole.
突然，一只兔子从一个洞中跑了出来。
at once 立刻，马上
once and again 一而再，再三
all at once 突然；同时
完成句子
①The teacher has warned the student ．
那位老师最终警告了那个学生。
②Of course, such an overweening purpose did not develop ．
当然，如此自负的目的并不是突然闪现的。
③Finally I found out the right method after experimenting ．
经过反复试验，我终于找到了正确的方法。
once and for all
all at once
once and again
infection n. 感染；传染
1. Surgeons wear masks to prevent the spread of infection.
外科医生戴着口罩以防止传染(病)的传播。
2. Measles is a highly infectious disease that causes deaths, but is fully preventable by vaccination.
麻疹是一种传染性很强的疾病，会造成死亡，但通过接种疫苗是完全可以预防的。
(1) prevent infection 防止感染
skin infection 皮肤感染
(2) infect vt. 使感染；传染
be infected with/by 被感染
(3) infected adj. 感染的
(4) infectious adj. 传染性的
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We shouldn’t look down upon people (infect) with HIV.
② Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown.
③ Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected the flu.
④ This new (infect) disease has caused many deaths all over the world.
⑤ People should take protective measures before going out to .
人们在出门前应该做好防护措施以防止感染。
infected
infection
with
infectious
prevent infection
subscribe [s b'skra b] v.认购(股份);定期订购; 定期缴纳(会费)
subscribe to 同意; 赞同
proof [pru f] n.证据; 证明; 检验
multiple ['m lt pl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
pump [p mp] n. 泵; 抽水机; 打气筒
v.证明
waterproof windproof
lightproof fireproof
各种各样的：
multi- 多
multimedia multi-purpose
Multiplying 7 by 3 yields 21.
various; different; diverse
prove
n.多媒体
n.多功能
= approve of
subscription
n.认购
adj. 防..
防水的
防风的
不透光的
防火的
v.乘以
subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购，定期交纳（会费）
1. I subscribed to several magazines.
我订了几份杂志。
2. We subscribe to several sports channels on TV.
我们付费收看好几个体育频道。
3. We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation.
我们更赞同另一种解释。
4. He is one of the millions who subscribe to the NSPCC.
他是数百万个定期向英国全国防止虐待儿童协会捐款的人士之一。
(1) subscribe to 同意；赞同；定期订购/订阅等；定期捐助
(2) subscription n. 捐助；订阅
an annual subscription 一年期订阅
take out a subscription to Newsweek 订阅《新闻周刊》
(3) subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Some even offer a (subscribe) service with quarterly or even monthly updates.
② Many companies (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.
③ Write away now for the free album offered to every new (subscribe).
④ He the view that children benefit from being independent.
他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。
subscription
have subscribed
subscriber
subscribes to
household ['ha sh ld] n.一家人;家庭;同住一套(所)房子的人
suspect [s 'spekt] v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任; 认为
['s spekt] n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
blame [ble m] n.责备;指责v.把.归咎于...;责怪;指责
handle ['h ndl] n.把手;拉手;柄v.处理;搬动;操纵
= doubt
She has become a household name.
The little girl committed suicide after _______________ of theft.
suspect sb of (doing) sth
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
be to blame
The parents of the deceased blamed the woman for hiding the truth and not taking the blame.
adj. 家喻户晓的
being suspected
怀疑某人做某事
负有责任
承担责任
suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任　
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
1. If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
如果你怀疑煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至不要打开电灯。
2. She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
3. We are appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁任何人看到犯罪嫌疑人后与我们联系。
(1) suspect that... 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2) a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We suspected the officer having a hand in the affair.
② Judging from his abnormal behaviour, I suspected him (be) a thief.
③ The police carrying drugs so they went through his bag, but found nothing.
警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此搜查了他的包，但什么也没发现。
of
to be
suspected him of
blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责　
n. 责备；指责
1. He blamed his brother for breaking the window.
他责备他弟弟打破了窗户。
2. They blamed the failure on John’s intervention.
他们把失败的责任归咎于约翰的干涉。
3. The severe coldness is to blame for the increase in coal consumption.
天气寒冷导致煤的消耗上升。
4. If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.
如果发生那样的事，教练将对此承担责任。
(1) be to blame (for sth.) 该(为……)受责备；应该(为……)负责
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人
be blamed for 因……受谴责/责备
(2) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
lay/put the blame on 把责任归咎于……
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The failure of the experiment cannot be blamed him alone.
② Mary, rather than you, is (blame) for not finishing the work on time.
③ She blamed her husband the failure of their marriage.
④ (blame) by the teacher, Mary was pulling a long face.
⑤ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。
on
to blame
for
Blamed
put the blame on
intervention [ nt 'ven n] n.介入; 出面; 干涉
link [l k] n.联系;纽带v.把...连接起来;相关联
raw [r ] adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
pure [pj (r)] adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的
substantial [s b'st n l] adj.大量的; 价值巨大的; 重大的
The female often get a raw deal in the workplace.
受到不公正的对待
Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.
vt. 使纯净 n. 纯粹
by pure chance
n. 物质;材料
intervene v.干涉
A to/with/and B
原材料
pure drinking water
纯净水
purify
purity
纯属偶然
substance
link n. 联系；纽带　
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
1. A chain is no stronger than its weakest link.
(谚语)一环薄弱，全链易断。
2. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
(1) a link between...(and...) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系)
(2) link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来
link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接，结合
be linked to/with... 与……有联系/有关
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Police suspected there may be a link the two murders.
② The video cameras (link) to a powerful computer.
③ The Channel Tunnel links Britain the rest of Europe.
④ The space shuttle will link up the space station this afternoon.
⑤ There is convincing proof that skin cancer exposure to the sun.
有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
between
are linked
with/to
with
is linked to
decrease [d 'kri s] v.减少; 减小; 降低
['di kri s] n.减少; 降低: 减少量
thanks to 幸亏; 由于; 因为
statistic [st 't st k] n.(复数)统计数字;统计资料; 统计学
transform [tr ns'f m] v. 使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变
reduce, decline, go down, drop, fall
increase
1963年
2959.3
2022年
956
2017年
1764.8
减少了
在减少
= due to, as a result of, because of
减少到
转变A为B
减少：
The birth population has decreased by
almost 46% in the past 5 years and to
less than 10 millions
on the decrease
transformation n. 改变
Ant Forest has transformed deserts
into forest.
decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量　
vt.&vi.（使大小，数量等）减少；减小；降低
1. These measures will help decrease the cost of production.
这些措施有助于降低生产成本。
2. There is a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
参观博物馆的人数下降了将近6%。
(1) decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
(2) on the decrease 正在减少
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The traffic accidents in the city decreased 40% last year.
② The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease 150 in 1850 to 26 today.
③ Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is .
由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目正在减少。
by
from
on the decrease
thanks to 幸亏；由于
1. Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
2. Thanks to the intervention of the UN, the crisis was tackled successfully.
由于联合国的介入，这次危机得以成功解决。
3. As a result of his hard work, Tom passed the exam easily.
由于努力学习，汤姆轻松地通过了这次考试。。
表示“由于”的短语还有：
on account of　
owing to　
due to
because of　
as a result of
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Thanks the correct leadership of the Party, China has entered a stage of rapid development.
② The town was cut off from the rest of the world because the heavy snow.
③ your help, we finished the work in time.
由于你的帮助，我们及时完成了工作。
to
of
Thanks to/Because of/ Owing to...
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态　vi.改变；转变
1. The magician transformed the frog into a princess.
魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。
2. We can transform the world with our knowledge.
我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。
3. Tom seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first class player.
汤姆似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
(1) transform A into B 把A变成B
transform into 转变成；转化成；改造为
be transformed from A into B 由A变成B
(2) transformation n. 改变；转换；改观
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The way in which we work has undergone a complete (transform) in the past decade.
② The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl
a superstar.
③ “Made in China 2025” initiative aims to a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power.
“中国制造2025”旨在把中国从制造业大国转变成世界制造业强国。
transformation
into
transform China from
epidemiology [ ep di mi' l d i] n.流行病学
microscope ['ma kr sk p] n.显微镜
thinking ['θ k ] n.思想; 思维; 见解
protein ['pr ti n] n. 蛋白质
cell [sel] n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房
microphone microsoft
microwave microbe
A thought suddenly occured to me.
n.想法
fat
cellphone
a solar cell
micro- 微的
麦克风
微软
微波炉
微生物
批判性思维
-ology 学说
-ing 名词后缀
n.手机
n.脂肪
太阳能电池
virus ['va r s] n.病毒
finding ['fa nd ] n.发现;调查结果; (法律)判决
initial [ 'n l] adj.最初的;开始的;第一的
vaccine ['v ksi n] n. 疫苗
framework ['fre mw k] n. 框架; 结构
theoretical framework [ θi ret kl]理论框架
initially
Just write your initials.
写下你的姓名首字母即可
The public were adviced to take the vaccine
________ COVID-19.
theory [ θ r ]
n.首字母
adv.开始
接种防...的疫苗
n. 理论; 学说
against
Review: Synonyms 同义词
severe
proof
link
decrease
thanks to
initial
transform
suscribe to
handle
multiple
1. serious / harsh
2. evidence
3. connect
4. reduce
5. owing to/ due to
6. original
7. change
8. approve of
9.tackle
10.various
合成词
rainbow = __+__
outstanding = __+__
furthermore = __+__
Preview
词缀
aerospace
telescope
gifted
assistant
leadership
cast 词根
forecast
broadcast
make sense 有意义；有道理
1. The sentence doesn’t make sense any way you read it.
这个句子怎么读都不通顺。
2. Can you make sense of this telegram
你弄得懂这封电报的意思吗？
make no sense 没道理；没意义
make sense of 理解；弄懂
in a sense 从某种意义上来说
in no sense 决不；绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
完成句子
① Sometimes paragraphs need only to be rearranged for the story to .
有时候，只需重新安排段落就能使故事讲得通。
② We read through the poem, but could not it.
我们从头到尾读了一遍诗，但没弄懂它。
③ should you lose heart. Keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
你绝不应该灰心丧气。继续尝试，你迟早会成功的。
④ , he is virtually a beacon of hope, encouraging us never to give up.
从某种意义上说，他实际上是一个希望的灯塔，鼓励我们永不放弃。
make sense
In no sense
make sense of
In a sense
solid ['s l d] n.固体 adj.可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的
cast [kɑ st] v.投射; 投掷;向...投以(视线/笑容等)
shadow [' d ] n. 阴影; 影子; 背光处
rainbow ['re nb ] n.彩虹
pour [p (r)] v.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
forecast broadcast
shadow boxing
rainfall raindrop
rainproof rainmaker
pour down
Tears of regret poured down her cheeks.
Tears of + 情绪n. poured down one’s cheeks.
xx的泪水顺着某人的脸颊流了下来。
-cast-cast
预测
广播
eye shadow
tai chi 太极拳
bow 弓
降雨量
雨滴
防雨的
求雨法师
成功企业家
下大雨
cast vt. (cast，cast) 投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
1. The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.
橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。
2. She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.
她向他微笑以示欢迎。
3. The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.
价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。
4. Don’t let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment. Try again.
不要让自己被实验中一个小小的失败所打倒。再试一次。
cast/run an eye/one’s eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看
cast/shed/throw light on sth. 使(问题等)较容易理解
be cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Anyone would be cast by such news as that.
② The moon (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.
③ Those clouds would have that would have blocked some sunlight out.
那些云朵原本会投射出阴影，挡住一些太阳光。
down
cast
cast shadows
concrete ['k kri t] adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的n.混凝土
plasma ['pl zm ] n.血浆
aerospace ['e r spe s] n. 航空航天工业
patriotic [ pe tri' t k] adj.爱国的
mechanical [m 'k n kl] adj.机械的; 发动机的; 机器的
Costumes are the concrete cultural carriers of our own nationality.
服饰是其民族有形的文化载体。
plasma TV 等离子电视
aeroplane aeroview
These patriots devoted themselves to China.
Their works are mechanical repitition.
aero- 空气的
飞机
鸟瞰图
n.爱国者
机械重复
mechanic [m 'k n k] n.机械师; 机械修理工
break out (战争/火灾/疾病)爆发;突然开始
aviation [ e vi'e n] n.航空制造业; 航空;飞行
defend [d 'fend] v.保卫; 防守; 辩解
jet [d et] n.喷气式飞机
n. 机器
n. 防御; 国防
All women are called on to defend themselves against domestic violence.
defend against/ from 保卫...免受...
Most tourists would suffer from jet lag after a long flight.
machine
outbreak n.爆发
defence/se
时差
break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
1. After the epidemic broke out, the whole country united to fight against it.
疫情暴发后，全国上下团结一心，共同抗击疫情。
2. Our car broke down and we felt cast down.
我们的汽车坏了，我们感到很沮丧。
3. Never break in while others are talking.
别人说话的时候千万不要插嘴。
4. It was money trouble that broke up their marriage.
他们是因钱的问题才婚姻破裂的。
(1) break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break up 打破；分裂；解体
break through 突破
(2) break out, happen, occur, take place 等动词(短词)表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The family had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939.
1939年战争爆发前不久这家人逃到了美国。
② Many people the poverty barrier in 2020 with the assistance of our government.
2020年在我们政府的帮助下很多人摆脱了贫困的障碍。
③ Your health will if you don’t pay attention to regular exercise.
如果你不注意定期锻炼，你的身体会垮掉。
④ Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers your house.
仔细关好门窗，避免陌生人闯入家中。
broke out
broke through
break down
breaking into
defend vt. 保护；保卫；辩护
1. It is impossible to defend against/from an all-out attack.
防御全面进攻是不可能的。
2. Mary demonstrated how best to defend oneself.
玛丽示范最有效的自卫方法。
3. The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country.
士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。
(1) defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
(2) defend...from/against 保护……以免受；防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves
some attacks.
② When the dog attacked the boy, he defended (he) with a stick.
③ He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers (defend) him.
④ All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in (defend) of their own homes.
⑤ The dam was built to away by the sea.
建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
against/from
himself
to defend
defence
defend the road from being washed
assistant [ 's st nt] n.助理; 助手
in charge of 主管; 掌管
missile ['m sa l] n.导弹; 飞弹
leadership ['li d p] n. 领导; 领导地位; 领导才能
v.帮助 n.帮助
with one’s assistance/help 在某人的帮助下
Waiters are likely to charge for the service.
Mi charger
leader n.领导
under the leadership of = under one’s leadership
在...的领导下
assist
assistcance
收费
n.充电器
charge v.收费；给...充电；承担责任
in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动）
1. The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.
这位厨师负责管理帮厨。
2. Dr Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
史密斯大夫受命负责这个部门。
3. All the drinks including beer are free of charge.
全部饮料包括啤酒在内都是免费的。
(1) take charge of 掌管/负责……
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
free of charge＝for free 免费
(2) charge v. 收费；要价；控告；充电
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
单句语法填空/完成句子
① As long as you’e paid in advance, we won’t charge you delivery.
② The police charged the thief stealing the jewels.
③ A series of activities related to study and sports are the charge of the students in the English Department.
④ We all hope you will the organization of the school art festival.
我们都希望你负责这次校园艺术节的组织工作。
for
with
in
be in charge of/take charge of
trace [tre s] v.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
outstanding [a t'st nd ] adj. 优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的
gifted ['ɡ ft d] adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪颖的
come/go down with 患(病); 染上(小病)
abstract [' bstr kt] n.(文献等的)摘要adj.抽象的;理性的
We can trace the history of Yingge to 500years ago.
stand out
He has a gift for math.
He is gifted ___ math.
have a gift for/ be gifted in 对…有天赋
suffer from, develop
digest, extract
突出; 出色
=talented
in
患(病)：
摘要：
abstract art
to
trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出　n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
1. He traces his descent back to an old Norman family.
他的血统可追溯至一个古老的诺曼家庭。
2. The police traced the call to her ex husband’s number.
警方追查出电话号码是她前夫的。
3. It’s exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.
发现早期文明的遗迹真令人兴奋。
trace sth. (back) (to sth.) 追溯(某物到……)
trace your ancestry/origins/roots 追溯你的血统/起源/根源
trace the history of sth. 追溯……的历史
单句语法填空/完成句子
① His father claims to be able to trace the family back many centuries ago.
② These quotations cannot readily (trace) to their sources.
③ The police have detected trace of the murderer after several days of investigation.
④ His fear of dogs can a childhood experience.
他对狗的恐惧可追溯到他童年时的一次经历。
to
be traced
the
be traced back to
come down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
1. I think I am coming down with flu.
我想我得了流感。
2. What other predictions do you know from science fiction books or films that have come true
你还知道有哪些科幻小说和电影中的预言已经变成了现实吗？
3. We do not know when this world came into being.
我们不知道世界是何时形成的。
4. Is that the best excuse you can come up with
那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？
come up with 提及；讨论；想出
come down 下来；降落
come about 发生
come to 总共，合计；苏醒
come across 偶然遇见，碰见；发现
come out (太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知
come into being 形成，产生
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Little Thomas chicken pox at the weekend.
小托马斯周末感染了水痘。
② I a group of children playing in the street.
在街上我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。
③ New stars continued to from the gas clouds of the disk.
新的恒星继续从圆盘中的气体云中形成。
④ Several of the members have suggestions of their own.
有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
⑤ Can you tell me how the accident
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
came down with
came across
come into being
come up with
came about
steady ['stedi] adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
concept ['k nsept] n.概念; 观念
astronomer [ 'str n m (r)] n. 天文学家
astronomy [ 'str n mi] n.天文学
telescope ['tel sk p] n.望远镜
adv. 稳定地
n.宇航员；太空人
tele- 远程
telephoto
telecom
telemarketing/telesales
steadily
unsteady
concept car
astronaut
远摄镜头
电信
电话营销
besides [b 'sa dz] prep. 除…之外(还)adv.而且; 此外
brilliant ['br lj nt] adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的
furthermore [ f 'm (r)] adv. 此外; 再者
above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
fault [f lt] n.弱点; 过错
bright, intelligent, wise
moreover, what’s more, in addition
Don't always find fault with him.
find fault (with) 找茬儿;挑剔
faultless
faulty
聪明的：
此外：
= weakness=shortcoming
adj.无可挑剔的
adj.有缺陷的
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
1. Schooling requires above all that students learn, solve problems and think abstractly.
学校教育首先要求学生学习、解决问题并进行抽象思维。
2. Never waste anything, and above all never waste time.
不要浪费任何东西，尤其是不要浪费时间。
3. All in all, things worked out for the better.
总的来说，情况有所好转了。
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
at all 根本；全然
after all 毕竟；终究
in all 总共；总计
all in all 总的来说，总而言之
first of all 首先，第一
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We go to school to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school, we can continue to learn.
我们上学最重要的是学会如何学习，这样，当我们离开学校时，我们就能继续学习。
② Don’t get discouraged by setbacks. We are new to the work ．
别因挫折而灰心。这工作对我们来说毕竟还是陌生的。
③ , the display has been a great success.
总的来说，表演非常成功。
④ If you want to speak good English, you should listen to fluent English as often as possible.
如果你想说好英语，首先你应该尽可能经常地听流利的英语。
above all
after all
All in all
first of all
fault n. 弱点；过错
1. The police arrived at the scene and concluded that the driver was at fault.
警方到达现场，断定这是司机的责任。
2. You are too ready to find fault with other people.
你太喜欢挑别人的毛病了。
3. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my fault
不是我的错为什么要我道歉？
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
单句语法填空/完成句子
① I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault my work.
② I think the owners are fault for not warning us.
③ There is no perfect person. Don’t always him.
没有完美的人。不要总是挑他的毛病。
with
at
find fault with
shift [ ft] n.改变;转换;轮班v.转移;挪动;转向
vivid ['v v d] adj. 生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
Doctors would work the night shift in turn.
the day/night shift
vividly adv. 生动地
白班 /夜班
=lively
escape 退出
table 桌面
captital 首字母
lock 锁
function 功能
alternative
选择
1.__________ adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→______________adv.严重地
2.______________ adj. 沮丧的→______________ adj. 令人沮丧的
→___________v. 挫败，使灰心→_____________n.挫败，沮丧
3.__________________adj. 相互矛盾的→______________v. 与…相矛盾
→_______________n.不一致 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾/相反
4. ______________v. 使感染;传染→______________n.感染
→______________ adj. 有传染性的→______________ adj. 受感染的
5.______________ vi.认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期捐助
→______________ n. 订阅人 subscribe to 赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助
【区】describe v.描述
6.　　　　　 n.证据→　　　　　 vt.证明 【复】proofs
-proof 作为后缀 ：防..的 waterproof 防水的 bulletproof 防弹的 windproof 防风的
severe
severely
frustrated
frustrating
frustrate
frustration
contradictory
contradict
infect
infection
infected
infection
contradiction
subscribe
subscriber
proof
prove
7._____________ adj. 数量多的→______________v.乘 ;倍增
8.pump n. 泵 v.（用泵）抽出
9. household n.一家人 adj.家用的 household appliances 家用电器
10.suspect [s 'spekt] v.怀疑 ['s spekt] n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人
→_____________ adj.可疑的 /s sp s/
suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做过某事
11.blame v.把…归咎于...; 责怪 n.责任; 责备
①blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
②be to blame (for sth.) (因某事)应受责备
③take the blame (for sth.) (对某事)承担责任
12.handle n.把手 ； v.处理；操作
【同】 处理 ：solve/tackle/deal with
multiple
multiply
suspicious
13.________________ n.干预→______________v.干预
14.____________ n.[C]纽带; 链接& v.把...连接起来
①There is a link between A and B A与B之间有联系
② link A to/with B 把A和B联系起来
③be linked to/with B 与...相关
15.____________ adj. 生的；未经处理的 raw material 原料
16.____________ adj.干净的；纯的 →______________v.净化/ pj r fa /
17.________________adj.大量的; 价值大→_______________n. 物质;实质 / s bst ns/
18.____________n.减少 v.减少 ；降低
【同】reduce v./r dju s/； drop； fall 【反】 increase v. 增加
decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到……
decrease by... 减少了…
intervention
intervene
link
raw
pure
purify
substantial
substance
decrease
19.thanks to +好原因 幸亏；因为【同】：due to ； as a result of ；because of
20.____________ vt.使改观 vi.转变→ ________________ n.转化；改变
①transform A into B 把A变成B
②A be transformed into B A被(从B)变成C
transport n.运输； translate v. 翻译 transmit v. 传输
21.________________ n.显微镜→______________v.望远镜→______________ n.微波炉
22.creative thinking 创造性思维； critical thinking 批判性思维
23. epidemiology n.流行病学 epidemics /,epi'demiks/ n.流行病；
24._____________ n.[C]病毒→___________adj. 病毒性的 go viral 走红
25._____________adj.最初的；开始的 n.首字母→___________adv.最初
26._________ adj.固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体→__________adj.液体的 n.液体/ l kw d/
transfrom
transfromation
microscope
telescope
microwave
virus
viral
initial
initially
solid
liquid
27. ____________v. 投掷 cast light on 使……清楚 ；sb be cast down 失望的
28.____________ vt.倒出 pour down 倾盆而下; 下大雨
29.___________ n.混凝土；adj. 具体的→______________adv.具体地
30.____________adj.爱国的→______________n.爱国主义 / p tri t z m/
31.break out(战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始;爆发
break down 出故障 break into强行闯入
break away from 脱离 break up 打碎;分手 break through突破
32.　　　　　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解→　　　 　　 n.防御;保卫
defend sb against/from 保护某人免受… ； in defence of 为...辩护;自卫
33.　　　　　 n.助理;售货员→　　　　　 vt.帮助→　　　　　 n.帮助
assist sb with sth 帮助某人某事 ； with the assistance of... 在...的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
cast
pour
concrete
concretely
patriotic
patriotism
defend
defense/defence
assistant
assist
assistance
34. charge n./v. 管理；收费；控诉；充电
sb be in charge of sth /take charge of 主管...
sth be in the charge of sb 由...负责
free of charge 免费
35.　　　　　 adj.有天赋的→　　　 n.礼物;天赋
【同】talented adj.有天赋的→ talent n.天赋
have a gift/talent for =be gifted /talented in...... 在...方面有天赋
e down with 患(病) 【区】calm down 冷静下来
come across偶然遇到 come up with 提出(想法）
37.　　　　　adj.抽象的 n.摘要 【反】concrete具体的)
38.　　　　　 adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→　　　　　 adv.平稳地;持续地
gifted
gift
abstract
steady
steadily
39.　　　　 　 n.天文学家→　　　　　　n.天文学→ n.宇航员/ str n t/
40._____________ adv.此外 【同】 furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition,
41. above all 最重要的是
all in all 总而言之 ； after all 毕竟；in all 总共；first of all 首先；not at all 一点也不
42._____________ n. 弱点；过错 find fault with 挑剔；批评
43._____________ n.改变；轮班 v.转移
the day/night shift 白班 /夜班
44.　　　　　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→　　　　　 adv.生动地
astronomer
astronomy
astronaut
besides
fault
shift
vivid
vividly