2023届高三期末摸底考试英语试卷(全国卷)
【满分150分】
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的(A、B、C和D)四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
While some customs like setting off fireworks and counting down the last few seconds seem universal, many countries have their own unique New Year’s Eve traditions.
Denmark: Break plates
A Danish tradition is to throw plates and dishes against friend’s and neighbor’s front doors. It’s a bit of a popularity contest as the bigger the pile of broken china is the next morning, the more friends and good luck you’ll have in the coming year.
Germany: Pouring lead
In Germany, people melt small pieces of lead in a spoon over a candle, then pour the liquid into cold water. The shapes from the lead pouring are supposed to reveal what the year ahead will bring. If the lead forms a ball, luck will roll one’s way, while the shape of a crown means wealth; a cross means death and a star will bring happiness.
Spain: Twelve grapes of luck
In Spain, one New Year’s tradition is to eat 12 grapes, one for each month of the coming year, to secure prosperity (繁荣). You need to eat one grape with each bell strike at midnight. The tradition dates from 1909 when farmers in Alicante came up with this idea to sell more grapes after an exceptional harvest.
Philippines: Round food, round clothes, round everything
In the Philippines, the start of the new year is all about the money. The locals believe that surrounding themselves with round things (to represent coins) will bring money or fortune. As a result, clothes with dots are worn and round food is eaten.
1 What is believed to bring good luck for the coming new year in Denmark
A. A red candle. B. Round food. C. Broken china. D. A lead cross.
2. What inspired the New Year’s tradition of eating grapes
A. A way to make coins. B. An act to keep power.
C. A desire to be popular. D. An idea to gain profit.
3. Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from
A. Fashion. B. Travel. C. Culture. D. Entertainment.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了许多国家的除夕夜传统。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Denmark: Break plates部分中的第二句“A Danish tradition is to throw plates and dishes against friend’s and neighbor’s front doors. It’s a bit of a popularity contest as the bigger the pile of broken china is the next morning, the more friends and good luck you’ll have in the coming year”（丹麦的传统是把盘子和盘子，扔向朋友和邻居家的前门。这有点像受欢迎的竞赛，因为第二天早上，破碎的瓷器堆得越多，来年你就会有更多的朋友和好运。）可知，在丹麦人们认为碎瓷器会给新的一年带来好运。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In Spain, one New Year’s tradition is to eat 12 grapes, one for each month of the coming year, to secure prosperity . You need to eat one grape with each bell strike at midnight. The tradition dates from 1909 when farmers in Alicante came up with this idea to sell more grapes after an exceptional harvest.”（在西班牙，一个新年的传统是吃12颗葡萄，一颗代表来年的每个月份，以确保繁荣。午夜钟声敲响的时候，你得吃一颗葡萄。这个传统可以追溯到1909年，当时阿利坎特的农民想出了这个主意，在一个特别的收获季节后卖出更多的葡萄。）可知，要获得利润的想法激发了新年吃葡萄的传统。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“While some customs like setting off fireworks and counting down the last few seconds seem universal, many countries have their own unique New Year’s Eve traditions.”（虽然放烟花、倒计时等一些习俗似乎全球通用，但许多国家都有自己独特的除夕夜传统。）可知，文章是介绍了许多国家的除夕夜传统，所以这可能来自一本杂志的文化部分。故选C。
B
Zhang Shuai has a sense of fun that is being widely appreciated on the internet. When deliverymen bring cardboard boxes to his doorstep, Zhang soon builds them into interactive toys for his daughter Nini, who is 5.
The 32-year-old father from Zhengzhou, Henan Province, has made more than 120 toys from waste cardboard in the past three years. His toy-making videos have gone viral (走红) on the internet and many netizens comment that it shows an environment-friendly way to spend quality time with children.
In Zhang’s eyes, everything can have a hard cardboard copy. Even the classic video games, such as Need for Speed, Tetris and Submarine Game Challenge, can be played in the actual world.
“These are toys or games that people born after 1980 had in childhood that are rarely seen today. I want my daughter to see what her father played with as a boy, building a kind of connection between the two generations,” Zhang says.
The homemade toy, cardboard version of Need for Speed, has got more than 1.6 million likes on short video platform Douyin. The screen is made of paper with three lanes (车道) with cars and a magnet (磁铁) underneath. In the video, Nini uses a steering wheel to control a metal car to overtake painted cars in its lane with her father rolling the paper.
He also built a marble obstacle course, a pool table, a robot WALL-E and many others. His most liked video, a toy bank in the shape of a house, has gained more than 2.7 million likes.
“As people are becoming more addicted to digital devices, there are harmful effects brought by technology, like difficulty in concentration,” Zhang says, adding that parents should control their children’s screen time.
4. What do we know about Zhang Shuai’s cardboard toys
A. They are interactive. B. They are of a style.
C. They are commonly seen. D. They are a waste of money.
5. What can we learn from the fifth paragraph
A. How a cardboard toy is played. B. How likes on Douyin are gained.
C. What games were popular in 1980. D. What materials are needed for a toy.
6. What does Zhang Shuai mean by his words in the last paragraph
A. Digital devices are beneficial to people.
B. Children rely on their parents to buy toys.
C. Harmful effects brought by technology are unnoticed.
D. Parents should spend quality time with their children.
7 Which of the following can best describe Zhang Shuai
A. Kind and generous. B. Patient and creative.
C. Brave and ambitious. D. Just and sympathetic.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。张帅是一名32岁的父亲，他为自己5岁的女儿用纸板箱做成了互动玩具，并在网上上传了视频，走红网络。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When deliverymen bring cardboard boxes to his doorstep, Zhang soon builds them into interactive toys for his daughter Nini, who is 5.”（当快递员把纸板箱送到他家门口时，张很快就把纸板箱做成了互动玩具，送给5岁的女儿妮妮。）可知，张帅的纸板玩具是有互动性的。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“In the video, Nini uses a steering wheel to control a metal car to overtake painted cars in its lane with her father rolling the paper.”（在视频中，妮妮用方向盘控制一辆金属车，在她的父亲翻纸时，超过了车道上的彩绘车。）可知，在第五段中可以了解到纸板玩具是怎么玩的。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““As people are becoming more addicted to digital devices, there are harmful effects brought by technology, like difficulty in concentration,” Zhang says, adding that parents should control their children’s screen time.”（“随着人们对数字设备越来越上瘾，科技也带来了一些有害影响，比如注意力难以集中。”他补充说，父母应该控制孩子看屏幕的时间。）可知，张帅认为父母应该和孩子们共度美好时光。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“When deliverymen bring cardboard boxes to his doorstep, Zhang soon builds them into interactive toys for his daughter Nini, who is 5.”（当快递员把纸板箱送到他家门口时，张很快就把纸板箱做成了互动玩具，送给5岁的女儿妮妮。张帅用纸板箱做成了互动玩具，所以他很有创造性。根据最后一段最后一句“As people are becoming more addicted to digital devices, there are harmful effects brought by technology, like difficulty in concentration,” Zhang says, adding that parents should control their children’s screen time.”（“随着人们对数字设备越来越上瘾，科技也带来了一些有害的影响，比如注意力难以集中。”他补充说，父母应该控制孩子看屏幕的时间。）可知，张帅很愿意和孩子共度亲子时光，所以判断出他很有耐心。故选B。
C
A cozy environment fostering focused thinking and concentration on books is what study lounges are all about. Ideal for students with limited options as after-school study spaces. And relatively cheap.
The demand for study lounges rose in China because students can hardly find a peaceful place to study after finishing classes. Before 2018, there were few study lounges in China, and the few that existed were mainly in first- and second-tier cities such as Guangzhou, Suzhou and Tianjin. Yet by 2019, they had become popular nationwide.
But the pandemic (流行病) has dealt a blow to the industry. Since personal contact in a closed environment is unavoidable, the pandemic forced all study lounges to shut down for several months. Lou Qingxiao, founder of Xinliuzaowu, one of Beijing’s earliest study lounge brands that opened in 2018, said their first study lounge near Renmin University of China had made ends meet before the pandemic. Li Hang and Zhang Yang, co-founders of Sishiloushi, a Beijing-based independent study lounge, said that even before COVID-19 broke out, the industry’s profit was neither promising nor clear, let alone in such a particular period.
“Rent is a major fixed cost for study lounges, especially in first-tier cities,” Lou said. In a first-tier city such as Beijing, rentals comprise more than a half of a study lounge’s monthly operation cost. But Lou sounds optimistic about the industry commercial prospects, “because it’s a blue ocean with less competition.”
Study lounges provide a better learning experience that people cannot get in free public libraries. “Privately operated study lounges like ours actually make up for the shortage of public infrastructure (基础设施) and public services and we are willing to cooperate with the government to better serve the public.” Li said.
8. What contributes to the rise of study lounges in China
A. The rapid development of cities.
B. The shrinking number of libraries.
C. The need for a peaceful study environment.
D. The lack of alternative after-school activities.
9. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. The earliest study lounge brands in China.
B. A guideline on finding famous study lounges.
C. An introduction to the founders of study lounges.
D. The influence of the pandemic on study lounges.
10. What does Lou Qingxiao think of the future of the study lounge
A. It is promising. B. It is unclear.
C. It will be full of competition. D. It will be free of rent.
11. What can we infer about the operation of study lounges from the last paragraph
A. Government involvement is welcome.
B. The infrastructure construction is needed.
C. Study lounges should be privately operated.
D. Cooperation with public libraries has been achieved.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了自习室给大家提供了更好的学习体验，但新冠疫情对中国的自习室行业造成了极大的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由上文第二段“The demand for study lounges rose in China because students can hardly find a peaceful place to study after finishing classes.”可知，在中国，对自习室的需求增加了，因为学生在上完课后几乎找不到一个安静的学习场所。所以自习室的快速发展是因为大家对安静场所的需求。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段第一句话“But the pandemic (流行病) has dealt a blow to the industry.”可知，流行病对整个自习室行业造成了打击。下文具体介绍了相关的影响。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“But Lou sounds optimistic about the industry commercial prospects, “because it’s a blue ocean with less competition.”可知，但娄对行业的商业前景感到乐观，“因为这是一片竞争较少的蓝色海洋。”文中optimistic表示他是乐观的，认为该行业有好的前景。A项“有希望的”。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“Privately operated study lounges like ours actually make up for the shortage of public infrastructure (基础设施) and public services and we are willing to cooperate with the government to better serve the public.”可知，“像我们这样的私人经营的自习室实际上弥补了公共基础设施和公共服务的不足，我们愿意与政府合作，以更好地为公众服务。”李说。由此可知，自习室行业也希望与政府合作，所以政府的参与是受欢迎的，故选A项。
D
Dogs can’t speak, but their brains respond to spoken words. Every dog owner knows that saying “Good dog!” in a happy, high voice will make their pet joyfully wag its tail. That made scientists curious: What exactly happens in your dog’s brain when it hears praise, and is it similar to the way our own brain processes such information
When a person gets others’ compliments, the more primitive, subcortical auditory regions (皮层下听觉区) first react to the intonation — the emotional force of spoken words. Next, the brain taps the more recently evolved auditory cortex (听觉皮层) to figure out the meaning of the words, which is learned.
In 2016, a team of scientists discovered that dogs’ brains, like those of humans, compute the intonation and meaning of a word separately — although dogs use their right brain to do so, whereas we use our left one. Still, a puzzle remained: Do their brains go through the same steps to process approval
It’s an important question, because dogs are a speechless species, yet they respond correctly to our words. For instance, some dogs are capable of recognizing thousands of names of individual objects, and can link each name to a specific object.
When the scientists studied scans of the brains of pet dogs, they found that theirs, like ours, process the sounds of spoken words in this manner — analyzing first the emotional component with the older region of the brain, the subcortical regions, and then the words’ meaning with the newer part, the cortex.
See why dogs are so successful in partnering us Dogs and humans last shared a common ancestor some 100 million years ago, so it’s likely that our brains respond to sounds in a similar way. As domesticated animals that have evolved alongside humans in our homes for the past 10,000 years, dogs make special use of it to process human emotions. You know, what we say really matters to dogs!
12. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “domesticated”
A. Abroad. B. Home. C. Gentle. D. Intelligent.
13. What is the first step when a dog’s brain goes through to process approval
A. Linking it to an object. B. Analyzing the emotion.
C. Working out its meaning. D. Tapping the auditory cortex.
14. How does the writer develop the text
A. By comparing opinions. B. By raising examples.
C. By providing answers to questions. D. By analyzing causes and effects.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Dogs — Good Listeners
B. Dogs — Perfect Partners
C. Dogs and Humans Share a Common Ancestor Actually
D. Dogs Understand Spoken Words the Same Way We Do
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。狗不会说话，但它们的大脑会对说出的话做出反应。科学家们想知道：当你的狗听到赞美时，它的大脑到底发生了什么？它是否与我们自己的大脑处理这些信息的方式相似？文章主要介绍了科学家对此进行的研究，研究表明：狗和我们一样能听懂别人说的话。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“that have evolved alongside humans in our homes for the past 10,000 years”（它们在过去的一万年里与人类一起在我们的家园里进化）可知，that引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词animals，狗在过去的一万年里与人类一起在我们的家园里进化，这说明狗是驯化过的动物，即家养动物，由此可知，划线单词意为“家养的”，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“When the scientists studied scans of the brains of pet dogs, they found that theirs, like ours, process the sounds of spoken words in this manner — analyzing first the emotional component with the older region of the brain, the subcortical regions, and then the words’ meaning with the newer part, the cortex.”（当科学家们研究宠物狗的大脑扫描时，他们发现宠物狗的大脑和我们的大脑一样，以这种方式处理口语的声音——首先分析大脑较老区域皮层下区域的情绪成分，然后分析较新部分皮层的单词含义。）可知，狗的大脑分析要做的第一步是分析情感。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“What exactly happens in your dog’s brain when it hears praise, and is it similar to the way our own brain processes such information ”（当你的狗听到赞美时，它的大脑到底发生了什么？它和我们大脑处理这些信息的方式相似吗？）和第三段最后一句“Still, a puzzle remained: Do their brains go through the same steps to process approval ”（然而，仍然有一个谜：它们的大脑在处理过程中会经历同样的步骤吗？）和最后一段第一句“See why dogs are so successful at partnering with us ”（明白为什么狗能如此成功地与人类合作了吗？）可推知，文章是通过提出问题并给出答案的方式组织内容的。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Dogs can’t speak, but their brains respond to spoken words. Every dog owner knows that saying “Good dog!” in a happy, high voice will make their pet joyfully wag its tail. That made scientists curious: What exactly happens in your dog’s brain when it hears praise, and is it similar to the way our own brain processes such information ”（狗不会说话，但它们的大脑会对说出的话做出反应。每个狗主人都知道这句话：“好狗！”用一种欢快的，高亢的声音，让他们的宠物欢快地摇尾巴。这让科学家们感到好奇：当你的狗听到赞美时，它的大脑到底发生了什么？ 它是否与我们自己的大脑处理这些信息的方式相似？）和最后一段第二句“Dogs and humans last shared a common ancestor some 100 million years ago, so it’s likely that our brains respond to sounds in a similar way. ”（狗和人类最后拥有共同的祖先大约是在1亿年前，所以我们的大脑对声音的反应很可能是类似的。）可知，文章主要介绍了研究表明狗和我们人类一样能听懂别人说的话，由此可知，D项“狗和我们一样能听懂别人说的话”是最好的标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Organize Your Digital Files
Searching for a file on your computer is a whole lot easier than digging through a pile of papers, yet it’s far from being a perfect system. Lately, it’s been hit-or-miss for me. ____16____ I hope some of these tips will help you.
Use “resources”, “in progress”, “final”, and “scrap” folders for projects.
There are plenty of ways to title your subfolders for projects, but one of the most intuitive(使用简便的) is to have folders for stages of your project. ____17____
The “resources” folder is for things like images, documents, and other items that are needed to complete your project. ____18____“Final,” as you might imagine, is for the project files once the project has been approved and is done. “Scrap” is for anything you want to save from the project that doesn’t belong in the “final” folder.
____19____
It’s near impossible to find a photo quickly when you have thousands of photos all named something like “20211108_0978234.jpg.” So for photos, I like to have a date structure and folders for key events or categories, such as: 2021 ＞01 (for the month)＞2021-01 Mom and Dad 50 Anniversary LA. This way, you can either browse your photos by year and month or search for folders that include “Mom”, “Dad”, “Anniversary”, or “LA.”
Use tags.
In addition to creating a folder structure that works for you, consider tagging files. ____20____ Say, for example, you want to see all of your photos for all of your holiday celebrations. You can set up a tag for “holidays.” And then to narrow down the results, you can search using the tag.
A. With tags, you can connect multiple files across folders.
B. For photos, use a date structure and keywords for your folders.
C. This way, you can always know which is the final project file to grab.
D. The standards will keep files organized and make them easier on the eye.
E. “In progress” is for the current working version or versions of the project.
F. To find files more efficiently, I’ve been rearranging my digital filing system.
G. Move your photos to a more specific folder or back them up on an external storage device.
【答案】16 F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何组织数字文件。
【16题详解】
根据“Searching for a file on your computer is a whole lot easier than digging through a pile of papers, yet it’s far from being a perfect system. Lately, it’s been hit-or-miss for me. (在你的电脑上搜索一个文件比翻一堆文件要容易得多，但它远不是一个完美的系统。最近，这对我来说是一触即发)”以及空后“ I hope some of these tips will help you.(我希望这些建议对你有所帮助)”可知，空处承上启下，表明作者对如何能够有效的找到电脑上的文件做了一些操作。F项“为了更有效地查找文件，我一直在重新安排我的数字文件系统。”符合语境。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据“There are plenty of ways to title your subfolders for projects, but one of the most intuitive(使用简便的) is to have folders for stages of your project.(有很多方法可以为项目的子文件夹命名，但最直观的方法之一是为项目的各个阶段设置文件夹)”可知，空处总结前面给出的方法所带来的好处，为项目的各个阶段设置文件夹最终能够让你随时知道要获取的文件是哪个。C项“这样，您就可以随时知道要获取的最终项目文件是哪个。”符合语境。C项中的this way指代前文中的“one of the most intuitive”这种最简便的方法之一。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据“Use “resources”, “in progress”, “final”, and “scrap” folders for projects.(对项目使用“资源”、“进行中”、“最终”和“废弃”文件夹)”以及第三段的内容可知，本段详细的介绍了这几种文件夹。按顺序，The “resources” folder和“Final,” 之间是“in progress”。所以本空是对“in progress”这种文件夹的介绍。E项““进行中”文件夹用于项目的当前工作版本。”符合语境。故选E。
【19题详解】
根据“It’s near impossible to find a photo quickly when you have thousands of photos all named something like “20211108_0978234.jpg.” So for photos, I like to have a date structure and folders for key events or categories, such as: 2021 ＞01 (for the month)＞2021-01 Mom and Dad 50 Anniversary LA. (当你有数千张照片都命名为“20211108_0978234.jpg”时，几乎不可能很快找到一张照片。因此，对于照片，我喜欢为关键事件或类别设置日期结构和文件夹，例如：2021＞01（月份）＞2021-01妈妈和爸爸50周年纪念洛杉矶)”可知，本段讲述如何设置储存照片的文件夹。B项“对于照片，请为文件夹使用日期结构和关键字。”适合作本段的标题。B项中的photos在下文中得到了复现。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据大标题“Use tags.(使用标记)”以及“In addition to creating a folder structure that works for you, consider tagging files.(除了创建适合您的文件夹结构外，还可以考虑标记文件)”可知，本段所给建议为标记文件。空处表明使用标记的好处。A项“使用标记，可以跨文件夹连接多个文件。”符合语境。A项中的With tags和前文中的consider tagging files想呼应。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Rachel had a healthy life both physically and mentally till one unfortunate winter evening. It was raining cats and dogs; everything was wet. Rachel’s cat went outside in this cold weather. She ____21____ him to bring him back inside. He hid near a utility pole (电线杆). Since it rained heavily the pole was charged and ____22____ to touch. Rachel, bent down to ____23____ her cat. She held the pole for support not ____24____ it was charged. The pole electrocuted her so badly that she was barely ____25____ seconds before her death. The electrocution resulted in ____26____ both her arms, which had to be cut off.
Rachel had to face such a (n) ____27____ accident. People get ____28____ about losing a finger. What would it be like if you lose both your arms That’s what Rachel was trying to digest. It wasn’t easy at all. Rachel, slowly and gradually was accepting the ____29____ that she lost her arms and was ____30____ dependent on others for basic necessities that ____31____ the use of her arms. It upset her that she could not ____32____ her own duties herself.
Many people would lose hope. ____33____, that was not the case with Rachel. She did not want to ____34____ her dream. She didn’t let the slightest hopelessness bring her down and make her ____35____ her motivation. After recovery, Rachel ____36____ day and night to do most of her work with her feet. She emphasized mostly on ____37____ since she had no arms to do that with. She tried and tried. After many ____38____ and failures, she finally could write with her feet. She continued her school, ____39____ her examination and got a scholarship for law school.
Her optimism paved the way for a bright future. Her hard work ____40____ all because she never gave up.
21. A. held up B. went after C. handed over D. put down
22. A. dangerous B. convenient C. enjoyable D. hard
23. A. teach B. hit C. get D. feed
24. A. caring B. knowing C. remembering D. admitting
25. A. stopped B. shocked C. seen D. saved
26. A. breaking B. pressing C. burning D. squeezing
27. A. terrible B. simple C. strange D. important
28. A. tired B. astonished C. depressed D. frightened
29. A. problem B. risk C. possibility D. fact
30. A. emotionally B. completely C. economically D. amazingly
31. A. required B. allowed C. limited D. stressed
32. A. report B. assign C. plan D. perform
33. A. Instead B. Meanwhile C. However D. Therefore
34. A. talk about B. give up C. believe in D. search for
35. A. find B. hide C. improve D. lose
36. A. practiced B. pretended C. refused D. agreed
37. A. reading B. dancing C. writing D. training
38. A. attempts B. competitions C. comparisons D. memories
39. A. chose B. passed C. failed D. missed
40. A. showed off B. dropped off C. took off D. paid off
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个非常励志的女孩，她在一次事故中失去了双臂，但她没有放弃。相反，她日夜练习，用她的脚完成大部分工作，不仅实现了生活自理，而且还拿到了学校的奖学金
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他跟在它后面，想把它带回屋。A. held up举起了；B. went after追赶；C. handed over移交；D. put down放下。根据上文“Rachel’s cat went outside in this cold weather.”可知，Rachel的猫在寒冷的天气里出去了。她追在它的后面想把它带回来。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于下了大雨，电线杆带电，触碰很危险。A. dangerous危险的；B. convenient方便的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. hard坚固的。根据上文“Since it rained heavily the pole was charged”可知，由于电线杆带电，所以触碰它很危险。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋，弯下腰去抓她的猫。A. teach教；B. hit击中；C. get得到；D. feed喂养。根据上文“She ____1____ him to bring him back inside.”可知，Rachel想把猫带回家，所以她发现猫后，弯下腰去抓她的猫。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她扶着电线杆支撑，却不知道它带电。A. caring关心；B. knowing知道；C. remembering记住；D. admitting承认。根据下文“it was charged”可知，Rachel并不知道电线杆带电，所以她扶着电线杆支撑她自己。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电线杆把她电的厉害，她死前几秒钟才被救活。A. stopped停止；B. shocked使震惊；C. seen看见；D. saved拯救。根据上文“The pole electrocuted her so badly”可知，触电后她伤的很严重，就在她死亡前几秒才被救活过来。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电击导致她的双臂烧伤，必须切断双臂。A. breaking断裂；B. pressing按；C. burning燃烧；D. squeezing挤压。根据下文“which had to be cut off”可知，被电之后，她的手臂被严重烧伤，必须要切断双臂。触电，雷击均可引起电烧伤，这是常识。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋不得不面对如此严重事故。A. terrible严重的；B. simple简单的；C. strange奇怪的；D. important重要的。根据上文“The pole electrocuted her so badly that she was barely ____5____ seconds before her death.”可知，这次电击差点导致Rachel死亡，所以这是一次非常严重的事故。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们对失去一根手指感到沮丧。A. tired累的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. frightened害怕的。根据下文“about losing a finger”可知，人们在失去一根手指的时候就很沮丧，更何况是失去双臂。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋慢慢地接受了这样一个事实：她失去了双臂，而且要完全依赖别人为她提供需要依靠双手才能得到的必需品。A. problem问题；B. risk风险；C. possibility可能性；D. fact事实。根据下文“she lost her arms”可知，她慢慢的接受了她失去双臂，生活不能自理的事实。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋慢慢地接受了这样一个事实：她失去了双臂，而且要完全依赖别人为她提供需要依靠双手才能得到的必需品。A. emotionally情感上地；B. completely完全地；C. economically经济上地；D. amazingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“Rachel, slowly and gradually was accepting the ____9____ that she lost her arms”可知，她失去双臂后，要完全依靠别人为她提供基本的生活必需品。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋慢慢地接受了这样一个事实：她失去了双臂，而且要完全依赖别人为她提供需要依靠双手才能得到的必需品。A. required需要；B. allowed允许；C. limited限制；D. stressed强调。根据下文“the use of her arms”可知，这些必需品需要使用双臂。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自己不能履行自己的职责，这让她很难过。A. report报告；B. assign分配；C. plan计划；D. perform履行。根据上文“It upset her that she could not”可知，她失去了双臂，要完全依靠别人为她提供基本的生活必需品，不能履行自己的职责，这让她很难过。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，瑞秋的情况并非如此。A. Instead相反；B. Meanwhile同时；C. However然而，；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Many people would lose hope.”以及下文“She did not want to ____14____ her dream.”可知，别人遇到这种情况或许会失去希望，但是对于Rachel来说，事情却不是这样的，她并没有放弃她的梦想。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不想放弃她的梦想。A. talk about谈论；B. give up放弃；C. believe in相信；D. search for搜索。根据下文“She didn’t let the slightest hopelessness bring her down”可知，Rachel并不想放弃自己的梦想。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有让丝毫的绝望打到她，也没有失去动力。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. improve改善；D. lose失去。根据上文“She didn’t let the slightest hopelessness bring her down”可知，她一直抱有希望，也没有失去动力。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：康复后，瑞秋日夜练习，用脚完成大部分工作。A. practiced练习；B. pretended假装；C. refused拒绝；D. agreed同意。根据下文“day and night to do most of her work with her feet”可知，失去双臂后，Rachel日夜练习用脚完成大部分的工作。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她重点训练用脚写字，因为她没有胳膊可以做这件事。A. reading阅读；B. dancing舞蹈；C. writing写；D. training训练。根据下文“she finally could write with her feet”可知，她着重训练用脚写字。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多次尝试和失败，她终于可以用脚写字了。A. attempts尝试；B. competitions比赛；C. comparisons比较；D. memories回忆。根据上文“She tried and tried.”可知，她经过多次的尝试和失败后，她终于可以用脚写字了。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她继续上学，通过了考试，获得了法学院奖学金。A. chose选择了；B. passed通过；C. failed失败；D. missed错过。根据下文“got a scholarship for law school”可知，她通过了考试，获得了奖学金。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的努力得到了回报，因为她从不放弃。A showed off炫耀；B. dropped off落下；C. took off起飞；D. paid off回报。根据上文“After many ____18____ and failures, she finally could write with her feet. She continued her school, ____19____ her examination and got a scholarship for law school.”可知，她的努力没有白费，最终因为她没有放弃而得到回报。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。
Acting was, is and always will be the first love of the National Peking Opera Company’s new vice-president, Tian Lei, Chen Nan reports.
Huguosi Street was one of Beijing’s ____41____ (busy) commercial roads in the olden days. It also ____42____ (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961). Not far from Mei’s address, the first theater for Peking Opera ____43____(perform) was created in 1954, five years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
The neighborhood ____44____ (change) over the decades, but the theater still stands tall and is ____45____(current) managed by the National Peking Opera Company. Tian Lei treasures the hours he spends there, training and rehearsing (排练). Wearing a costume and ____46____ (arm) with a prop spear (道具长矛), the 42-year -old walks confidently across the stage, ____47____ (practise) a variety of martial art movements, before ending the drill with a liangxiang (striking a pose on the stage).
Tian has been working with the opera company for 10 years. Its premises (处所) are ____48____ 10 -minute drive from the theater and his colleagues train there. He, however, prefers the historic stage. “I come to the theater almost every day because I enjoy the peace and emptiness this building offers. Rehearsing here helps me feel closer ____49____the Peking Opera masters ____50____ once graced the stage,” he says.
【答案】41. busiest
42. housed 43. performances
44. has changed
45. currently
46. armed 47. practising
48. a 49. to
50. who##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了京剧的发展和国家京剧公司新任副总裁田磊从事京剧演艺的经历。
【41题详解】
考查形容词的最高级。句意：古时候，护国寺街是北京最繁忙的商业道路之一。分析句意再根据“one of+形容词最高级+复数名词”可知，此处应该用形容词的最高级形式。故填busiest。
【42题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：它也是京剧大师梅兰芳(1894-1961)的住所。分析句式结构可知，空格处是谓语动词，根据上文中的was可知，本句的时态为一般过去时。故填housed。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：在离梅家不远的地方，1954年，也就是中华人民共和国成立五年后，第一家京剧表演剧院成立了。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词作介词的宾语，此处performance“表演”是可数名词，且前面没有冠词，所以用复数形式表泛指。故填performances。
【44题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：几十年来，这个社区已经发生了变化，但剧院仍然屹立不倒，目前由国家京剧团管理。根据本句的时间状语over the decades可知，本句的时态应该用现在完成时，主语The neighborhood是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has changed。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，修饰动词managed应该用副词。故填currently。
【46题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：42岁的他穿着戏服，手持道具矛，自信地走在舞台上，练习各种武术动作，最后以一个“亮相”(在舞台上摆出一个姿势)结束练习。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用固定短语be armed with表示“装备有、配备有”，再分析句式结构，此处应省去be，用过去作状语。故填armed。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，又因为practise和逻辑主语the 42-year -old之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语表主动关系。故填practising。
【48题详解】
考查冠词。句意：田先生已经在剧团工作了10年。那里距离剧院有10分钟车程，他的同事们也在那里训练。分析句意可知，此处drive是名词，且10-minute以辅音因素开头，所以用冠词a泛指一个“10分钟车程”。故填a。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：“在这里排演让我感觉更接近曾经登上舞台的京剧大师，”他说。分析句意再根据空格前的closer可知，此处用介词to构成固定搭配closer to表示“更接近”符合语境。故填to。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词Peking Opera masters指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who/that来引导。故填who/that。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课_上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( N),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of me decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me advice about how to find accommodation(住所). I suggested that they should stay at “bed and breakfast" houses, because this kind of accommodation give a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back as with some funny stories.“We didn't stay at‘bed and breakfast’ houses, ”they said, “because we found that most families are away on holiday.” I thought this was strange. Finally I understood which had happened. My friends spoke few English, and they thought “V ACANCIES” meant “holidays”, because the Spain word for“holidays” is “ vacaciones ” . So we did not go to the house where the sign outside said“V ACANCIES", which in English means there are freely rooms.
【答案】1. me→mine 2. 在advice前加for 3. give→gives 4. 删除as 5. are→were
6. which→what 7. few→little 8. Spain→Spanish 9. we→they 10. freely→free
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了“我”的几位西班牙朋友去英国旅行的有趣经历：他们将告示牌上的英语词“vacancies”错误地当作意为“外出度假”的西班牙词，所以错过了很多有空房的床位加早餐旅馆。
【详解】1.考查代词。句意：我的几位西班牙朋友决定开车去游览英国。名词的双重所有格构成形式为：名词+of+名词性物主代词，意为“某人的几个...”，此处of后不能接续宾格人称代词。故将me改为mine。
2.考查介词搭配。句意：他们向我征求关于如何找到合适的住所的建议。ask sb for advice意为向某人征求意见。故在advice前加for。
3.考查主谓一致。句意：因为这种住所会让外国游客有机会和当地的居民用英语交流。主语“this kind of accommodation”为单数，且该句为陈述事实，应当用一般现在时，故将give改为gives。
4.考查连词。句意：但是他们回来给我讲起一些有趣的故事。as后为with引领的介宾结构，并非句子，所以为赘余部分。同时as也并不翻译为“作为……”故将with前的as删除。
5.考查谓语时态。句意：因为我们发现大多数家庭外出度假了。根据句中的found可知，他们回来之后，向我描述的是过去假期发生的事情。故将are改为were。
6.考查连词。句意：最终我明白了他们的假期里发生了什么。从句部分在动词 understood之后，故判断为宾语从句。从句部分缺少主语，应用what。故将which改为what。
7.考查形容词。句意：我的这几位朋友几乎没有说英语。用于修饰后面的不可数名词English要用修饰性词little, 不能用few。few用来修饰可数名词。故将few改为little。
8.考查形容词。句意：holiday对应的西班牙词汇为vacaciones。名词word前应该用形容词作定语修饰，故将Spain改为Spanish。
9.考查代词。句意：所以他们没有进入门口告示牌上写着“V ACANCIES”的房子。该句主要介绍我的朋友们没有进入原本有空房的住所，应该用第三人称复数。故将we改为they。
10.考查形容词。句意：所以他们没有进入门口告示牌上写着“V ACANCIES”的房子，这个词在英语中其实是有空房的意思。作定语，修饰后面的名词rooms，须用形容词。故将freely改为free。
【点睛】针对短文改错题的形容词副词考点，我们应当养成对-ly结尾词（副词）敏感的反应习惯。找到副词后，先观察后面是否为名词或名词短语，如果有，且该副词的同根形容词与后面名词存在修饰关系，就需要将该副词去掉ly，变为形容词。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办一场中外交流活动，征集以“我和春节”为主题的优秀摄影作品。请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 活动的要求；
3. 表达期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students' Union
【答案】One possible version:
Notice
The Spring Festival, one of the most important traditional festivals of China, is drawing near. Thus, our school will hold a photography competition to show overseas students the celebrations of Chinese New Year from your points of view.
Through this activity, not only can you have a better understanding of our Chinese traditional festival, but you can also help foreign students know more about our precious cultures and ancient customs. Please send your photos to the appointed address before the start of school. And make sure they are clear and positive. All the selected works will be published on the school’s website.
Please take an active part in the contest. Looking forward to your photography works.
The Students' Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为学校将举办的一场中外交流活动，写一则通知，征集以“我和春节”为主题的优秀摄影作品。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
重要的：important → significant
传统的：traditional → conventional
靠近：draw near → approach
因此：thus → therefore
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thus, our school will hold a photography competition to show overseas students the celebrations of Chinese May Day from your points of view.
拓展句：Thus, our school will hold a photography competition, which is intended to show overseas students the celebrations of Chinese May Day from your points of view.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
The Spring Festival, one of the most important festivals of China, is drawing near.(运用了名词短语作同位语)
[高分句型2]
Through this activity, not only can you have a better understanding of our Chinese traditional festival, but you can also help foreign students know more about our precious cultures and customs. (运用了“not only...but also...”固定句式和部分倒装)2023届高三期末摸底考试英语试卷(全国卷)
【满分150分】
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的(A、B、C和D)四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
While some customs like setting off fireworks and counting down the last few seconds seem universal, many countries have their own unique New Year’s Eve traditions.
Denmark: Break plates
A Danish tradition is to throw plates and dishes against friend’s and neighbor’s front doors. It’s a bit of a popularity contest as the bigger the pile of broken china is the next morning, the more friends and good luck you’ll have in the coming year.
Germany: Pouring lead
In Germany, people melt small pieces of lead in a spoon over a candle, then pour the liquid into cold water. The shapes from the lead pouring are supposed to reveal what the year ahead will bring. If the lead forms a ball, luck will roll one’s way, while the shape of a crown means wealth; a cross means death and a star will bring happiness.
Spain: Twelve grapes of luck
In Spain, one New Year’s tradition is to eat 12 grapes, one for each month of the coming year, to secure prosperity (繁荣). You need to eat one grape with each bell strike at midnight. The tradition dates from 1909 when farmers in Alicante came up with this idea to sell more grapes after an exceptional harvest.
Philippines: Round food, round clothes, round everything
In the Philippines, the start of the new year is all about the money. The locals believe that surrounding themselves with round things (to represent coins) will bring money or fortune. As a result, clothes with dots are worn and round food is eaten.
1. What is believed to bring good luck for the coming new year in Denmark
A. A red candle. B. Round food. C. Broken china. D. A lead cross.
2. What inspired the New Year’s tradition of eating grapes
A. A way to make coins. B. An act to keep power.
C. A desire to be popular. D. An idea to gain profit.
3. Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from
A. Fashion. B. Travel. C. Culture. D. Entertainment.
B
Zhang Shuai has a sense of fun that is being widely appreciated on the internet. When deliverymen bring cardboard boxes to his doorstep, Zhang soon builds them into interactive toys for his daughter Nini, who is 5.
The 32-year-old father from Zhengzhou, Henan Province, has made more than 120 toys from waste cardboard in the past three years. His toy-making videos have gone viral (走红) on the internet and many netizens comment that it shows an environment-friendly way to spend quality time with children.
In Zhang’s eyes, everything can have a hard cardboard copy. Even the classic video games, such as Need for Speed, Tetris and Submarine Game Challenge, can be played in the actual world.
“These are toys or games that people born after 1980 had in childhood that are rarely seen today. I want my daughter to see what her father played with as a boy, building a kind of connection between the two generations,” Zhang says.
The homemade toy, cardboard version of Need for Speed, has got more than 1.6 million likes on short video platform Douyin. The screen is made of paper with three lanes (车道) with cars and a magnet (磁铁) underneath. In the video, Nini uses a steering wheel to control a metal car to overtake painted cars in its lane with her father rolling the paper.
He also built a marble obstacle course, a pool table, a robot WALL-E and many others. His most liked video, a toy bank in the shape of a house, has gained more than 2.7 million likes.
“As people are becoming more addicted to digital devices, there are harmful effects brought by technology, like difficulty in concentration,” Zhang says, adding that parents should control their children’s screen time.
4. What do we know about Zhang Shuai’s cardboard toys
A. They are interactive. B. They are of a style.
C. They are commonly seen. D. They are a waste of money.
5. What can we learn from the fifth paragraph
A. How a cardboard toy is played. B. How likes on Douyin are gained.
C. What games were popular in 1980. D. What materials are needed for a toy.
6 What does Zhang Shuai mean by his words in the last paragraph
A. Digital devices are beneficial to people.
B. Children rely on their parents to buy toys.
C. Harmful effects brought by technology are unnoticed.
D. Parents should spend quality time with their children.
7. Which of the following can best describe Zhang Shuai
A. Kind and generous. B. Patient and creative.
C. Brave and ambitious. D. Just and sympathetic.
C
A cozy environment fostering focused thinking and concentration on books is what study lounges are all about. Ideal for students with limited options as after-school study spaces. And relatively cheap.
The demand for study lounges rose in China because students can hardly find a peaceful place to study after finishing classes. Before 2018, there were few study lounges in China, and the few that existed were mainly in first- and second-tier cities such as Guangzhou, Suzhou and Tianjin. Yet by 2019, they had become popular nationwide.
But the pandemic (流行病) has dealt a blow to the industry. Since personal contact in a closed environment is unavoidable, the pandemic forced all study lounges to shut down for several months. Lou Qingxiao, founder of Xinliuzaowu, one of Beijing’s earliest study lounge brands that opened in 2018, said their first study lounge near Renmin University of China had made ends meet before the pandemic. Li Hang and Zhang Yang, co-founders of Sishiloushi, a Beijing-based independent study lounge, said that even before COVID-19 broke out, the industry’s profit was neither promising nor clear, let alone in such a particular period.
“Rent is a major fixed cost for study lounges, especially in first-tier cities,” Lou said. In a first-tier city such as Beijing, rentals comprise more than a half of a study lounge’s monthly operation cost. But Lou sounds optimistic about the industry commercial prospects, “because it’s a blue ocean with less competition.”
Study lounges provide a better learning experience that people cannot get in free public libraries. “Privately operated study lounges like ours actually make up for the shortage of public infrastructure (基础设施) and public services and we are willing to cooperate with the government to better serve the public.” Li said.
8 What contributes to the rise of study lounges in China
A. The rapid development of cities.
B. The shrinking number of libraries.
C. The need for a peaceful study environment.
D. The lack of alternative after-school activities.
9. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. The earliest study lounge brands in China.
B. A guideline on finding famous study lounges.
C. An introduction to the founders of study lounges.
D. The influence of the pandemic on study lounges.
10 What does Lou Qingxiao think of the future of the study lounge
A It is promising. B. It is unclear.
C. It will be full of competition. D. It will be free of rent.
11. What can we infer about the operation of study lounges from the last paragraph
A. Government involvement is welcome.
B. The infrastructure construction is needed.
C. Study lounges should be privately operated.
D. Cooperation with public libraries has been achieved.
D
Dogs can’t speak, but their brains respond to spoken words. Every dog owner knows that saying “Good dog!” in a happy, high voice will make their pet joyfully wag its tail. That made scientists curious: What exactly happens in your dog’s brain when it hears praise, and is it similar to the way our own brain processes such information
When a person gets others’ compliments, the more primitive, subcortical auditory regions (皮层下听觉区) first react to the intonation — the emotional force of spoken words. Next, the brain taps the more recently evolved auditory cortex (听觉皮层) to figure out the meaning of the words, which is learned.
In 2016, a team of scientists discovered that dogs’ brains, like those of humans, compute the intonation and meaning of a word separately — although dogs use their right brain to do so, whereas we use our left one. Still, a puzzle remained: Do their brains go through the same steps to process approval
It’s an important question, because dogs are a speechless species, yet they respond correctly to our words. For instance, some dogs are capable of recognizing thousands of names of individual objects, and can link each name to a specific object.
When the scientists studied scans of the brains of pet dogs, they found that theirs, like ours, process the sounds of spoken words in this manner — analyzing first the emotional component with the older region of the brain, the subcortical regions, and then the words’ meaning with the newer part, the cortex.
See why dogs are so successful in partnering us Dogs and humans last shared a common ancestor some 100 million years ago, so it’s likely that our brains respond to sounds in a similar way. As domesticated animals that have evolved alongside humans in our homes for the past 10,000 years, dogs make special use of it to process human emotions. You know, what we say really matters to dogs!
12. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “domesticated”
A. Abroad. B. Home. C. Gentle. D. Intelligent.
13. What is the first step when a dog’s brain goes through to process approval
A. Linking it to an object. B. Analyzing the emotion.
C. Working out its meaning. D. Tapping the auditory cortex.
14. How does the writer develop the text
A. By comparing opinions. B. By raising examples.
C. By providing answers to questions. D. By analyzing causes and effects.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Dogs — Good Listeners
B. Dogs — Perfect Partners
C. Dogs and Humans Share a Common Ancestor Actually
D. Dogs Understand Spoken Words the Same Way We Do
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Organize Your Digital Files
Searching for a file on your computer is a whole lot easier than digging through a pile of papers, yet it’s far from being a perfect system. Lately, it’s been hit-or-miss for me. ____16____ I hope some of these tips will help you.
Use “resources”, “in progress”, “final”, and “scrap” folders for projects.
There are plenty of ways to title your subfolders for projects, but one of the most intuitive(使用简便的) is to have folders for stages of your project. ____17____
The “resources” folder is for things like images, documents, and other items that are needed to complete your project. ____18____“Final,” as you might imagine, is for the project files once the project has been approved and is done. “Scrap” is for anything you want to save from the project that doesn’t belong in the “final” folder.
____19____
It’s near impossible to find a photo quickly when you have thousands of photos all named something like “20211108_0978234.jpg.” So for photos, I like to have a date structure and folders for key events or categories, such as: 2021 ＞01 (for the month)＞2021-01 Mom and Dad 50 Anniversary LA. This way, you can either browse your photos by year and month or search for folders that include “Mom”, “Dad”, “Anniversary”, or “LA.”
Use tags.
In addition to creating a folder structure that works for you, consider tagging files. ____20____ Say, for example, you want to see all of your photos for all of your holiday celebrations. You can set up a tag for “holidays.” And then to narrow down the results, you can search using the tag.
A. With tags, you can connect multiple files across folders.
B. For photos, use a date structure and keywords for your folders.
C. This way, you can always know which is the final project file to grab.
D. The standards will keep files organized and make them easier on the eye.
E. “In progress” is for the current working version or versions of the project.
F. To find files more efficiently, I’ve been rearranging my digital filing system.
G. Move your photos to a more specific folder or back them up on an external storage device.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Rachel had a healthy life both physically and mentally till one unfortunate winter evening. It was raining cats and dogs; everything was wet. Rachel’s cat went outside in this cold weather. She ____21____ him to bring him back inside. He hid near a utility pole (电线杆). Since it rained heavily the pole was charged and ____22____ to touch. Rachel, bent down to ____23____ her cat. She held the pole for support not ____24____ it was charged. The pole electrocuted her so badly that she was barely ____25____ seconds before her death. The electrocution resulted in ____26____ both her arms, which had to be cut off.
Rachel had to face such a (n) ____27____ accident. People get ____28____ about losing a finger. What would it be like if you lose both your arms That’s what Rachel was trying to digest. It wasn’t easy at all. Rachel, slowly and gradually was accepting the ____29____ that she lost her arms and was ____30____ dependent on others for basic necessities that ____31____ the use of her arms. It upset her that she could not ____32____ her own duties herself.
Many people would lose hope. ____33____, that was not the case with Rachel. She did not want to ____34____ her dream. She didn’t let the slightest hopelessness bring her down and make her ____35____ her motivation. After recovery, Rachel ____36____ day and night to do most of her work with her feet. She emphasized mostly on ____37____ since she had no arms to do that with. She tried and tried. After many ____38____ and failures, she finally could write with her feet. She continued her school, ____39____ her examination and got a scholarship for law school.
Her optimism paved the way for a bright future. Her hard work ____40____ all because she never gave up.
21 A. held up B. went after C. handed over D. put down
22. A. dangerous B. convenient C. enjoyable D. hard
23. A. teach B. hit C. get D. feed
24. A. caring B. knowing C. remembering D. admitting
25. A. stopped B. shocked C. seen D. saved
26. A. breaking B. pressing C. burning D. squeezing
27. A. terrible B. simple C. strange D. important
28. A. tired B. astonished C. depressed D. frightened
29. A. problem B. risk C. possibility D. fact
30. A. emotionally B. completely C. economically D. amazingly
31. A. required B. allowed C. limited D. stressed
32. A. report B. assign C. plan D. perform
33. A. Instead B. Meanwhile C. However D. Therefore
34. A. talk about B. give up C. believe in D. search for
35. A. find B. hide C. improve D. lose
36. A. practiced B. pretended C. refused D. agreed
37. A. reading B. dancing C. writing D. training
38. A. attempts B. competitions C. comparisons D. memories
39. A. chose B. passed C. failed D. missed
40. A. showed off B. dropped off C. took off D. paid off
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。
Acting was, is and always will be the first love of the National Peking Opera Company’s new vice-president, Tian Lei, Chen Nan reports.
Huguosi Street was one of Beijing’s ____41____ (busy) commercial roads in the olden days. It also ____42____ (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961). Not far from Mei’s address, the first theater for Peking Opera ____43____(perform) was created in 1954, five years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
The neighborhood ____44____ (change) over the decades, but the theater still stands tall and is ____45____(current) managed by the National Peking Opera Company. Tian Lei treasures the hours he spends there, training and rehearsing (排练). Wearing a costume and ____46____ (arm) with a prop spear (道具长矛), the 42-year -old walks confidently across the stage, ____47____ (practise) a variety of martial art movements, before ending the drill with a liangxiang (striking a pose on the stage).
Tian has been working with the opera company for 10 years. Its premises (处所) are ____48____ 10 -minute drive from the theater and his colleagues train there. He, however, prefers the historic stage. “I come to the theater almost every day because I enjoy the peace and emptiness this building offers. Rehearsing here helps me feel closer ____49____the Peking Opera masters ____50____ once graced the stage,” he says.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课_上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( N),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of me decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me advice about how to find accommodation(住所). I suggested that they should stay at “bed and breakfast" houses, because this kind of accommodation give a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back as with some funny stories.“We didn't stay at‘bed and breakfast’ houses, ”they said, “because we found that most families are away on holiday.” I thought this was strange. Finally I understood which had happened. My friends spoke few English, and they thought “V ACANCIES” meant “holidays”, because the Spain word for“holidays” is “ vacaciones ” . So we did not go to the house where the sign outside said“V ACANCIES", which in English means there are freely rooms.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办一场中外交流活动，征集以“我和春节”为主题的优秀摄影作品。请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 活动的要求；
3. 表达期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students' Union
