2024中考英语真题大分类 第一部分 语法专题突破短文填空综合篇 题型五 适当形式填空 (含解析)

2024中考英语真题大分类 第一部分
语法专题突破短文填空综合篇 题型五 适当形式填空
人与自我——生活与学习　　
子主题1　　学校生活
Passage 1(2023绥化)
How time 1.________(fly)! The senior high school life is coming. I still remember the 2.________(one) day like it was yesterday. Everything in our school is 3.________(mean) to me. I used to 4.________(be) shy, but my teachers always encouraged me to be active and confident. I 5. ________(make) great progress in the last few years. My teachers and parents are 6.________(pride) of me.
The end of junior high school is the 7.________(begin) of a new life. I know learning is a lifelong journey. I will learn from my 8.________(mistake) and never give up. I've also got much. 9.________(happy) is always around me. I think the harder I work, the 10.________(good) I will be.
人与社会——社会服务
子主题2　　社会服务
Passage 2(2023宿迁)
Zhang Yugun is head of Heihumiao Primary School in Henan Province. He 1.________(be) a person full of love and responsibility(责任)．
After graduation in 2001, Zhang chose to work in the poor countryside. Over the past 21 years, he 2.________(see) many teachers come and go because of the poor conditions in the village.
However, he has stayed on and made every effort to help the children deal with their 3.________(problem)．
One winter, travelling on the mountain road was much 4.________(difficult) than usual. The school was about to start, but those 5.________(student) books were still in a town outside the village. Then Zhang and another teacher left early in the morning with a shoulder pole(扁担). They carried back kilos of books. When they 6.________(get)to the school, they were both covered in mud(泥), but the books were protected 7.________(good). In 2006, a cement road(水泥路) 8.________(build) in the village. So Zhang started to carry the books with a motorbike. Although four motorbikes broke down, he never 9.________(stop)．
In order to provide better care for the students whose parents had left the village to find work in the city, Zhang asked his wife to give up her job to help 10.________(cook) and clean for the students. Thanks to the teachers like Zhang, the students in Heihumiao Primary School are able to learn at school and hope for a brighter future.
人与社会——文学、艺术与体育
子主题3　　文学与艺术
Passage 3(2023临沂)
Maybe you know Chinese paper cutting, but have you ever heard of leaf cutting art
In autumn and winter, many streets 1.________ (cover) in fallen leaves. Most of us probably just pass over them without paying much attention. But not Kanat Nurtazin，an artist from Kazakhstan(哈萨克斯坦). He will pick up some fallen leaves and cut beautiful artworks out of them.
Kanat works at a university. He 2.________ (keep) drawing as a hobby to stay creative since 2013. This long time hobby has also allowed him 3.________ ( express) himself through art.
In 2013，Kanat 4.________ (start) a project called “100 Methods of Drawing”. In this project，he tries to use different materials and skills to create artworks. Among all these creative paintings，leaf cutting art 5.________ (be) one of his favorites.
To make leaf art, Kanat first chooses a leaf from his collection. Then, he simply 6.________ (imagine) a funny story or a lively moment(时刻). He draws it on a piece of paper and sticks the paper to the leaf. After the glue dries, Kanat uses a razor(剃须刀) to cut out the pattern(图案) on the leaf. Finally，the artist finds a beautiful background to take pictures of the leaf.And this“leaf story” will be shared online.
A leaf 's life is short.But if you look at it with your creative eyes，like Kanat does，you too can give the leaf a second life by 7.________ (make) it tell an interesting story !
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
子主题4　　科学与技术
Passage 4(2023鄂州)
Beep! Beep! Beep! The barcode (条形码) technology makes it faster and easier to buy things in stores. You have probably seen the black and white barcode on 1.________(product) packaging (外包装)．In 2023, the great invention is 51 years old.
In 1971, an IBM engineer named George Laurer 2.________(come) up with a code (代码) that could be printed on food packages. Then, a complete code system (系统), the barcode was formed later. The system was used by many 3.________(company) from 1973. Before this, shopkeepers had to 4.________(record) prices by hand which took much time and energy.
Actually, a barcode is 5.________(real) a simple idea: show each product's information in different numbers (just like the ID card number), then 6.________(include) these numbers into a code and print it for computers to read. Today, barcodes are scanned(扫描) over six billion times every day and used by two 7.________(million) companies.
What information does a barcode carry Where the product comes from, 8.________(it) price, production date... It can also help stores always 9.________(know) about their products. For example, if there are 10 boxes of milk and a customer buys one, it will be recorded so that the store owner knows there are nine boxes 10.________(leave) on the shelf. In the 1980s, libraries started to use barcodes to follow their books in this way.
人与自然——自然生态
子主题5　　与动植物和谐共生
Passage 5(2023昆明)
Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is 1.________ (really) popular in southern China. But do you realize that you're killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup
When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also 2.________(harm) to the environment. Without a fin, a shark 3.________(can) swim any longer and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem.
If 4.________(they) numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the 5.________(strong) in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks 6.________(catch) and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks 7.________(fall) by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
8．________(environmental) protection groups around the world are teaching the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments 9.________(develop) laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific 10.________(study) have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them Help save the sharks!
答案详解详析
人与自我——生活与学习
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了自己的变化，表明了自己为新生活努力奋斗的决心。
1. flies　【解析】句意：时光飞逝。时间是不可数名词，动词用单三形式。故填flies。
2. first　【解析】句意：我仍然记得来学校的第一天，就像发生在昨天一样。空后为名词“day”，此处表示“第一”需用序数词形式。故填first。
3. meaningful 　【解析】句意：学校的每件事对我都很有意义。mean的形容词形式符合语境。故填meaningful。
4. be 　【解析】句意：我过去很害羞，但是我的老师们鼓励我要活跃和自信。used to do sth.表示“过去，经常”为固定搭配。故填be。
5. have made　【解析】 句意：在过去几年，我已经取得了巨大的进步。根据“in the last few years”可知，此处需用现在完成时。故填have made。
6. proud　【解析】句意：我的老师和父母都以我为荣。be proud of表示“以……为荣”，为固定搭配。故填proud。
7. beginning　【解析】句意：初中的结束是新生活的开始。the beginning of 表示“……的开始”，为固定搭配。故填beginning。
8. mistakes　【解析】句意：我将会从我的错误中学习。mistake是可数名词，错误不止一个，所以此处用可数名词复数形式。故填mistakes。
9. Happiness　【解析】句意：快乐总是围绕着我。“happy”作为主语，用名词形式。句首首字母需大写。故填Happiness。
10. better　【解析】句意：我想我越努力，我就会变得越好。分析句子结构可知，此处为“the＋形容词比较级，the＋形容词比较级”的句式，表示“越……，越……”。故填better。
人与社会——社会服务
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了河南省黑虎庙小学校长张玉滚，毕业后选择了在贫困地区工作，尽一切努力帮助孩子们解决他们遇到的各种问题。他是一个充满爱心和责任感的人。
1. is　【解析】句意：他是一个充满爱心和责任感的人。此处为事实的陈述，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为“He”，动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
2. has seen　【解析】句意：在过去的21年里，他看到许多教师因为村里的贫困条件而来来去去。根据时间状语“Over the past 21 years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，且主语为“he”，助动词应用单三形式。故填has seen。
3. problems　【解析】句意：然而，他留下来，尽一切努力帮助孩子们解决他们的问题。根据空前的“their”可知，此处应填名词的复数形式。故填problems。
4. more difficult　【解析】句意：一年冬天，在山路上行走比平时困难得多。根据空后的“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more difficult。
5. students'　【解析】句意：学校就要开学了，但那些学生的书仍在村外的一个镇上。分析句子结构可知此处应用名词所有格作定语，根据空前的“those”可知，此处应用名词复数形式的所有格。故填students'。
6. got　【解析】句意：当他们到达学校时，他们俩身上都沾满了泥，但这些书被保护得很好。根据空后的“were”可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故填got。
7. well　【解析】句意：当他们到达学校时，他们俩身上都沾满了泥，但这些书被保护得很好。分析句子结构可知此处缺少副词修饰动词“protected”。故填well。
8. was built　【解析】句意：2006年，该村修建了一条水泥路。分析句子结构可知“a cement road”与“build”之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语“In 2006”可知，时态为一般过去时，且主语“a cement road”为单数。故填was built。
9. stopped　【解析】句意：虽然骑坏了四辆摩托车，但他从未停下。根据句中“broke”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时。故填stopped。
10. cook　【解析】句意：为了更好地照顾那些父母离开村子到城里找工作的学生，张校长请求妻子放弃工作，帮助学生做饭和打扫卫生。根据空前的“help”可知此处考查help do sth. 帮助做某事，为固定搭配，且与空后“clean”并列。故填cook。
人与社会——文学、艺术与体育
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哈萨克斯坦艺术家Kanat Nurtazin对叶子的痴迷，以及他用落叶剪成漂亮的艺术品，并制作落叶集，造就了一种新的艺术——切叶艺术的故事。文章告诉我们：许多事物本身的生命很短暂，但是只要你有一双善于发现的慧眼，去利用它创造其它东西，它的生命将继续持续下去。
1. are covered　【解析】句意：在秋天和冬天，许多街道被落叶覆盖。分析句子结构可知，主语“many streets”与动词“cover”之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语为复数，助动词用are。故填are covered。
2. has kept　【解析】句意：自2013年以来，他一直把画画作为一种爱好，以保持创造力。分析句子结构并结合本句时间标志词“since 2013”可知此处应用现在完成时，表示从2013年至今一直在画画。故填has kept。
3. to express　【解析】句意：这个长期的爱好也让他能够通过艺术来表达自己。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，为固定搭配。故填to express。
4. started　【解析】句意：2013年，Kanat开始了一个名为“100种绘画方法”的项目。分析句子结构可知主语“Kanat”与动词“start”之间是主动关系；根据语境可知此处应用一般过去时。故填started。
5. is　【解析】句意：在这些富有创意的绘画中，切叶艺术是他最爱的之一。分析句子结构可知主语“leaf cutting art”为单数形式，系动词也应为单数；根据语境可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
6. imagines　【解析】句意：然后，他只是想象一个有趣的故事或一个生动的时刻。分析句子结构可知主语“he”与动词“imagine”之间是主动关系；根据语境可知此处应用一般现在时。故填imagines。
7. making　【解析】句意：但如果你像Kanat一样用你善于发现的眼睛看它，你也可以通过让它讲一个有趣的故事，让叶子获得第二次生命！分析句子结构可知此处应用make的动名词形式与介词by构成介宾结构。故填making。
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
Passage 4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了条形码技术的形成以及发展情况。
1. product　【解析】句意：你可能在产品包装上看到过黑白条形码。分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词性质的词作定语。根据句意可知，此处表示“产品外包装”，用product packaging。故填product。
2. came　【解析】句意：1971年，一位名叫乔治·劳雷尔的IBM工程师想出了一种可以印在食品包装上的代码。分析句子结构可知，此处用动词作谓语。根据“In 1971”可知，此处应该用一般过去时。故填came。
3. companies　【解析】句意：该系统从1973年开始被许多公司使用。由空白处前面的“many”可知，此处名词用复数形式。故填companies。
4. record　【解析】句意：在此之前，店主必须手工记录价格，这既费时又费力。have to do sth.不得不做某事，为固定用法。故填record。
5. really　【解析】句意：事实上，条形码是一个简单的想法。分析句子结构可知，此处需填副词作状语。故填really。
6. include　【解析】句意：用不同的数字显示每个产品的信息(就像身份证号码一样)，然后将这些数字包含在一个代码中，并打印出来供计算机读取。根据前文“show”可知此处应该用动词原形。故填include。
7. million　【解析】句意：如今，条形码每天被扫描超过60亿次，并被200万家公司使用。空白处前面有“two”，故此处用million的原形，与two搭配修饰companies。故填million。
8. its　【解析】句意：产品从何而来，其价格、生产日期…… 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少定语。因此用it的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
9. (to) know　【解析】句意：它还可以帮助商店了解他们的产品。help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事，为固定搭配。故填(to) know。
10. left　【解析】句意：例如，如果有10箱牛奶，顾客买了一箱，就会被记录下来，这样店主就知道货架上还剩9箱。根据句意可知，“leave”与被修饰的词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填left。
人与自然——自然生态
Passage 5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们饮用鲨鱼翅汤给鲨鱼带来了生命危险，从而影响到生态环境的失衡，并且没有一项科学研究表明鲨鱼翅汤对健康有益。旨在呼吁我们保护鲨鱼。
1. really　【解析】句意：这道有名且昂贵的菜在中国的南方________受欢迎。分析句子结构可知主干成分完整，空处可用副词修饰形容词。故填really。
2. harmful　【解析】句意：这不仅残忍，而且对环境________。分析句子结构可知系动词“is”后跟形容词，此处考查固定搭配be harmful to意为“对……有害”。故填harmful。
3. can't/cannot　【解析】句意：没有鱼鳍，鲨鱼________游泳，会慢慢死掉。分析语境可知此处考查固定搭配“not...any longer”意为“不再”。故填can't/cannot。
4. their　【解析】句意：如果________数量降的太低，会给整个海洋生物带来危险。分析句子结构可知空后为名词，此处应填形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填their。
5. strongest　【解析】句意：很多人相信鲨鱼不会灭绝因为他们在食物链中是________。分析语境可知“in their food chain”表示范围，此处需填形容词最高级。故填strongest。
6. are caught　【解析】句意：但是事实上，每年有大约七千万的鲨鱼________并且在市场上贸易。分析句子语境并结合主语“around 70 million sharks”可知此处为被动语态，另根据时间状语“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are caught。
7. have fallen　【解析】句意：某些种类的鲨鱼数量在过去的20至30年时间里________了90%。分析句子语境及时间状语“in the last 20 to 30 years”可知是现在完成时，表示对“现在所造成的影响”。主语为“the numbers of”，此处助动词have应用复数形式。故填have fallen。
8. Environmental　【解析】句意：全世界的________组织在教导公众关于“鱼鳍”的知识。分析句子结构可知此处应填形容词修饰名词“protection”构成名词短语。故填Environmental。
9. to develop　【解析】句意：他们甚至要求政府________法律来停止鱼鳍的售卖。分析句子结构可知此处考查固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。故填to develop。
10. studies　【解析】句意：到目前为止，没有科学________表明鲨鱼鳍汤对身体有好处，所以为什么要吃它们呢？分析句子结构可知此处应填名词，另根据“have”可知应为名词复数。故填studies。