江苏省盐城中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期初英语试卷(含解析)
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江苏省盐城中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期初英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in the Antarctic. Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and they’re named for the female pioneers.
Jones Terrace(梯田)
The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victoria Land bears Jones name. In 1969, geochemist Lois M. Jones led the first all-female research team from the US to work in Antarctica. Jones and her team studied chemical weathering(风化作用)in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica. Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected,Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley’s ice-covered lakes.
Mount Fineness
8,202-foot-high Mount Fineness,located on Antarctica’s largest island—Alexander Island-is named for Ginny Fineness. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic. In 1985, Fineness became the first female invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region. Francis Peak
Francis Peak
The 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis,who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK. Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.
Peden Cliffs
Peden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic,where she used radio waves to study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio waves spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
1、Which of the following is named after a builder of radio towers in the Antarctic
A. Peden Cliffs. B. Francis Peak.
C. Mount Fineness. D. Jones Terrace.
2、Who helped prove the previous higher temperatures of the Antarctica
A. Irene Peden. B. Dame Jane Francis.
C. Ginny Fineness. D. Lois M.Jones.
3、What was special about Irene Peden according to the text
A. She could judge the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
B. She discovered a lot of ice-covered lakes in the Antarctic.
C. She was the first female American to explore the Antarctic.
D. She correctly measured the spreading speed of radio waves.
Seyton Thomas is a college student with a heart of giving. She has experienced challenges in her life that sculpted her drive to light a spark in young children from all backgrounds to develop leadership, perseverance, compassion and self-love. She says, “Service is what saved me, and I hope that this is a message that I can spread to the youth across the world.”
During the pandemic, Seyton Thomas organized a diverse group of young people to help a local crisis center. The Community Crisis Center in Miami, Oklahoma, is a home that gives shelter and other services to women and children who are suffering from domestic abuse. The crisis center depends on volunteers to help the women and children receive encouragement and a break from stress, but the pandemic made volunteer interaction difficult.
Seyton got the idea from the crisis center director of painting encouraging messages on stones and hiding them in the lawn of the crisis center for the children to find. Seyton pulled together other students from the Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society and her college soccer team. Together the young people collected stones, painted kind messages and filled two boxes full of fun and colorful stones. Then they gave them to the crisis center to hide. The children at the crisis center were delighted to find and read these messages. They thought highly of the experience as well as the words coming from community members who took time to make them realize they were valued.
Seyton reflects with the group of volunteers that the project is a great way to bring people together positively in the community to do something for the good of others. They talk about how serving others can make a difference to someone’s life. It seems that the deed is as small as a stone, but the impact can be as large as a mountain.
4、Whom does the Community Crisis Center mainly help
A. Poor families. B. Homeless orphans.
C. Victims of family violence. D. Pandemic disease sufferers.
5、How did Seyton Thomas help the crisis center
A. By raising a fund for all kids in the center.
B. By spreading useful news about the pandemic.
C. By encouraging her soccer team members to donate.
D. By presenting inspiring messages to children in the center.
6、What kind of person is Seyton Thomas
A. Curious and optimistic. B. Kind-hearted and caring.
C. Serious and modest. D. Creative and educated.
7、Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Small stones make a big difference
B. Volunteer work has great benefits
C. Find hope during difficult times
D. Giving is better than receiving
It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert (隐蔽的), rather than overt, in humans
In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer. And as several lines of evidence suggest that humans are constantly, although mostly subconsciously, sniffing themselves and others, Ravreby supposed that the latter is the case.
To test her hypothesis, Ravreby conducted the study with pairs of click friends: same-sex nonromantic friends whose friendships had originally formed very rapidly. Because such friendships emerge prior to an in-depth acquaintance, they may be particularly influenced by physiological characteristics such as body smell. She then collected body smell samples from these click friends and conducted two sets of experiments to compare the samples with those collected from random pairs of individuals. In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.
Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal (非言语的) social interactions in pairs. After each such structured interaction, the participants rated the other individual in terms of how much they liked that person. Subsequent analysis revealed that the individuals who had more positive interactions indeed smelled more like each other, as determined by the eNose.
“These results imply that, as the saying goes, there is chemistry in social chemistry,” Ravreby concludes. However, Sobel offers words of caution, “This is not to say that we act like dogs or goats — humans likely rely on other, far more dominant signals in their social decision-making. Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.”
8、What did Inbal Ravreby want to figure out
A. Whether humans have a sharp sense of smell.
B. Whether humans’ noses can detect all types of smells.
C. Whether it is necessary for humans to sniff other people.
D. Whether the sense of smell plays a role in humans’ interaction.
9、What makes the first two sets of experiments different from each other
A. The way to make comparisons.
B. The participation of random pairs.
C. The way volunteers used the eNose.
D. The number of pairs of click friends.
10、Why did Ravreby involve complete strangers in the following experiments
A. To determine the reliability of the finding.
B. To avoid interactions between click friends.
C. To make the experiments much more interesting.
D. To test the accuracy of the eNose in smell analysis.
11、What is Sobel’s attitude towards the research finding
A. Disapproving. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
Unless you’re blind or know someone who is, you might not know that blind people use the same smartphones as sighted people. In fact, many blind people use touch-screen smartphones every day. The secret is that smartphones have a screen reader, a tool that allows blind people to use a mix of gestures and taps, along with vibrations (震动) or audio feedback, to use their apps.
Screen readers work on desktop computers as well as mobile devices. A well-designed website or app user interface (用户界面) makes the information on the website or app accessible to the screen reader, which makes it accessible to blind users. However, a badly designed website or application will turn out to be invisible to a screen reader.
Many designers find a good way to make technology available to all, which can be explained through an example — the whole touch screen. It was reported that blind users found locating small icons and specific numbers on the on-screen keypad(键盘) difficult. At present, the prevailing solution to this problem is to use the whole touch screen as an input control. Instead of having to touch a particular part of the screen, users can tap anywhere in response to audio instructions. These insights would have been impossible without involving people with different disabilities in the evaluation and design of touch screens.
Yet many technologies are still not accessible to users with disabilities. One way to make apps and websites more accessible is to have people with disabilities designing the technologies. But the design process itself is not very accessible to those very people, because very few tools in user interface designers’ toolbox are accessible. It’s a catch-22.
Our recent research evaluated the existing prototyping software, a tool allowing user interface designers to create temporary models to show clients or to test among users. We found that most popular prototyping software fails to work together with screen readers. Therefore, blind designers cannot use the prototyping software to create models of their own. This is where the problem is in the process of creating accessible technology.
Accessibility is an issue that touches everyone. Providing access to technology is legally required in most cases. While it is useful for designers to be aware of how users with disabilities interact with technologies, the most powerful insights may come from those with disabilities themselves.
12、What’s the major difference between a well-designed app and a badly designed one
A. The former functions well with a screen reader.
B. The former is applicable to most mobile devices.
C. The latter fails to interact with desktop computers.
D. The latter’s complex mix of information distracts users.
13、What do many designers think is a good way to make technology friendly to all
A. Evaluating users’ response to on-screen keypads.
B. Making input and output controls easy to operate.
C. Creating special icons and numbers for blind people.
D. Including disabled people in the development process.
14、What does the underlined word “catch-22” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Priority. B. Prejudice. C. Dilemma. D. Puzzle.
15、What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text
A. To show disabled people’s difficulty in using digital devices.
B. To urge people to be concerned about the situation of the disabled.
C. To inform us of the specific needs of the disabled in the digital era.
D. To stress the importance of engaging the disabled in technology development.
二、七选五
16、The typical cellphone user touches his or her phone 2,617 times every day. Most people spend 3 hours on their phones each day. The effects of this usage are shocking: reducing the quality of conversations and negatively affecting short-term memory and problem solving. ①_______. How can you cut down on your usage of cellphones The following are some methods suggested by experts.
Keep to your schedule.
You could set alarms specifying how often you can check your phone. ②_______. When your alarm sounds, read and handle notifications (通知) and then put down the phone. To reduce response anxiety, tell your friends or family that you may not respond to their messages as quickly as you used to.
Create no-phone time zones.
During working hours, if you’re constantly upset by your phone going off, you won’t remain focused on the work. Therefore, you could create a no-phone time zone. ③_______. So you can concentrate on the work in front of you.
④_______.
One idea is to replace some smartphone functions with real objects. For example, purchase a radio alarm clock instead of depending on your phone to wake you up, and start your new year by buying a new notebook, so you can write your appointment and to-do list there instead of in your phone.
Put a hairband (发带) around your phone.
When placed in the middle of the phone, the hairband allows users to answer phone calls easily, but makes other uses of the phone more difficult. Every time you want to use your phone, this brings about a mindfulness exercise and makes you ask yourself what your intention is. If you really want to use the phone, set your intention for why and remove the hairband. ⑤_______. Choose the methods most suitable for your situation and make efforts to avoid too much use of cellphones.
A. Reduce your reliance
B. Learn to live a life without phones
C. People get addicted to smartphones for different reasons
D. For example, every half-hour, every 45 minutes or every hour
E. And the relation between phone addiction and mental illness is alarming
F. The practice helps avoid mindlessly unlocking your phone every 3 minutes
G. Shut your phone for at least 2 hours of your day, when you’re most productive
三、完形填空（15空）
Only a year apart in age, DeAnna Ellenberger Pursai and her sister, Angel, called themselves twins. But there’s one big 1 between them.
As Angel was born with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), some strangers 2 placing her in an institution. Her mom 3 and said she was going to take Angel home.
Being able to sing and dance as they pleased, Pursai and Angel shared a(n) 4 childhood. Then Pursai went off to Purdue University.
At age 22, Angel had to 5 school. Angel was too incapable to find a sense of 6 in day programs in her rural community, and there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel. It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time that she 7 how different Angel’s life had been from hers.
8 , in 2008, Pursai met Dr. Pam Lindsay, who has a daughter with autism (自闭症). They talked about the 9 of education options for adults with intellectual disabilities. And in 2009, they 10 the College of Adaptive Arts in San Jose, California, for this group with 11 needs but no access to higher education.
To date, they’ve had nearly 350 students enrolled (招募). Many parents have expressed 12 that their child found a safe space to learn, grow and develop friendships.
“There are adults who are 13 because they can hardly find a traditional college that 14 their needs,” Pursai said. “But when you give them a safe space, it’s an unbelievable 15 .”
17、A. secret B. appointment C. difference D. conflict
18、A. recommended B. tried C. avoided D. admitted
19、A. arrived B. declined C. approved D. followed
20、A. tough B. awkward C. stressful D. amazing
21、A. get off B. get rid of C. get out of D. get over
22、A. security B. accomplishment C. confidence D. community
23、A. agreed B. proved C. recalled D. realized
24、A. Disappointedly B. Gratefully
C. Fortunately D. Regretfully
25、A. lack B. variety C. balance D. freedom
26、A. visited B. contacted C. attended D. founded
27、A. financial B. medical C. special D. emotional
28、A. concern B. determination C. doubt D. relief
29、A. struggling B. competing C. floating D. emerging
30、A. submits to B. caters to C. sticks to D. refers to
31、A. invitation B. challenge C. change D. adventure
四、语法填空
32、The professor will give a lecture _______ (concern) pollution and the rainforest.(所给词的适当形式填空)
33、________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
34、I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete _______ (ignore) of world history. （用单词的适当形式填空）
35、A diet _______ (lack) nutrients will not keep a person healthy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36、The universities have expanded, thus _______ (allow) many more people the chance of higher education. （所给词的正确形式填空）
37、Acts of _______ (generous) can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38、He felt it would be _______ his dignity to comment. (用适当的词填空)
39、The Students’ Union is like a huge stage, _______ everyone spares no effort to achieve their dreams. (用适当的词填空)
40、The chairman thought _______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
41、Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double _______ it was five years ago. (用适当的词填空)
五、短文填空
42、 RE, a biking lifestyle company in Beijing, runs just one of the city clubs that have started to gather cool bikers together. The company,s shops not only provide bicycle gear (装备)and ①______(product) , but also have cafes and flower and clothing sections as it aims ②______ (promote) bike culture as a lifestyle choice and also expand the scale (范围)and togetherness of the biking community in the city.
Luo Yuan, CEO of RE, told the Global Times that the cycling culture has long existed in China and now a scene ③______ was once commonplace during the 1980s, lots of people ④______ (ride) bikes, has returned.
“The positive idea of sports can meet today’s urban (城市的) riders’ longing for ⑤______ modern, eco-friendly lifestyle. Riding a bike ⑥______ (be) becoming a form of spiritual healing for more and more people,” Luo noted.
Biking circles are not just connected through shops but also online communities. Taking the RE’s online platform ⑦______ example, it has more than 20,000 ⑧______ (register) online members and over 20 sub-communities, in which bikers join in ⑨______ (create) events such as designing their own riding clothes from recycled materials.
Such trends can also be seen on social media platforms such as media review site Douban and lifestyle platform Little Red Book, on which experienced riders share ⑩______ (they) designed routes and experiences.
六、书面表达
43、假定你是李华，想邀请你校交换生Allen一同参观正在市艺术中心举办的以My People, My Country为主题的书法绘画展(calligraphy and painting exhibition)。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 参观目的；
2. 参观内容；
3. 约定时间。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、完成句子
44、As each New Year’s Day comes near, people often _______(反省) their gains and losses in the year.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
45、The company promises that the new product is environmentally friendly because it can _______ (分解) naturally without producing anything harmful. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
46、The organization hopes that the new manager will _______ (注入活力) the whole team whose spirit has been broken by the competitor. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
47、The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres _______ (长度). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
48、There will be a big surprise _______ (等待着某人)her when she gets home tonight! (根据汉语提示完成句子)
49、Today, I’ll give you a short introduction to some aspects of film-making you might not _______ (熟悉). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
50、Chinese businessmen _______ (对……挑剔) the details, especially in the aspect of quality. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
51、Making exercise a daily routine will, _______ (相应地，转而), improve your immune system. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
52、When fear takes control of our mind, most of us will be _______ (茫然) and don’t know what to do. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53、It is _______ (典型) her to forget all the important things. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
八、选词填空
54、选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子。有两个单词为多余词。
establish specific weave devote major survive impression
①He had always _______ on his children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
②The doctor told the patient’s family that he had a 75% chance of _______.
③When someone cooks a meal for us that we don’t like, the _______ of us will tell a white lie and say the food is delicious.
④The government has _______ a committee to rebuild the historic building in the town.
⑤_______ to his work, he has no time to accompany his children.
参考答案
1、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Mount Fineness部分的介绍中“She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic.(她在南极建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电塔)”可知，Ginny Fineness 在南极建造并维护了无线电发射塔，Mount Fineness正是以她的名字命名的。故选C项。
2、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Francis Peak部分的介绍中“Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.(她在西摩岛收集的化石有助于在2021的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经的气候比现在温暖得多)”可知，Dame Jane Francis搜集的植物化石帮助证实了南极洲地区以前的气候比现在的温暖得多。故选B项。
3、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Peden Cliffs部分的介绍中“They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.(他们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度)”可知，Irene Peden能够测量出南极洲冰原的厚度。故选A项。
4、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Community Crisis Center in Miami, Oklahoma, is a home that gives shelter and other services to women and children who are suffering from domestic abuse.(俄克拉何马州迈阿密的社区危机处理中心为遭受家庭虐待的妇女和儿童提供住所和其他服务)”可知，社区危机处理中心主要帮助家庭暴力的受害者。故选C项。
5、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Seyton got the idea from the crisis center director of painting encouraging messages on stones and hiding them in the lawn of the crisis center for the children to find.(Seyton从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一个主意，就是在石头上画上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到)”可知，Seyton是通过向危机处理中心的孩子们展示石头上的鼓励性的信息来提供帮助的。故选D项。
6、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Seyton Thomas is a college student with a heart of giving.(Seyton Thomas是一个有奉献之心的大学生)”以及第二段“During the pandemic, Seyton Thomas organized a diverse group of young people to help a local crisis center.(在大流行病期间，Seyton Thomas组织了一个多元化的年轻人团体，来帮助当地的一个危机处理中心)”可知，Seyton Thomas有奉献之心，并为当地的危机处理中心提供帮助，所以Seyton Thomas是心地善良且乐于助人的。故选B项。
7、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段“Seyton got the idea from the crisis center director of painting encouraging messages on stones and hiding them in the lawn of the crisis center for the children to find.(Seyton从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一个主意，就是在石头上画上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到)”以及最后一段“It seems that the deed is as small as a stone, but the impact can be as large as a mountain.(这件事情看起来像石头一样小，但影响却可能像大山一样大)”可知，本文主要讲述了Seyton Thomas使用石头为危机处理中心的孩子们提供鼓励性的信息，产生了有益的影响，所以“小石子有大影响”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
8、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert, rather than overt, in humans (据报道，嗅觉在除人类之外的所有陆地动物的社会互动中起着主导作用。那么问题来了：这是因为人类不像其他陆地动物那样在社交环境中使用鼻子吗？或者人类的这种行为是隐蔽的，而不是公开的？)”以及第二段“In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer.(事实上，这正是魏兹曼脑科学系诺姆·索贝尔教授实验室的研究生Inbal Ravreby试图回答的问题)”可推知，Inbal Ravreby想弄清楚的是嗅觉是否在人类的互动中起作用。故选D项。
9、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.(在一组实验中，她与一种叫做电子鼻或者eNose的电子设备进行了比较，该设备评估了气味的化学特征。另一组实验中，她让志愿者闻两组体味样本，以评估人类感知的相似性。在这两种类型的实验中，点击好友的气味明显比随机配对的人更相似)”可知，两组实验中，进行比较时，所使用的方式不同。故选A项。
10、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal social interactions in pairs.(接下来，为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果，而不是促成原因的可能性，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，在实验中，她使用eNose来“闻”一些彼此完全陌生的志愿者，然后让他们两人进行非言语社交互动)”可知，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，让完全陌生的志愿者参与实验，是为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果这一可能性，确定发现的可靠性。故选A项。
11、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.(不过，我们的研究结果确实表明，我们的鼻子在我们选择朋友时所起的作用比以前想象的更大)”可推知，索贝尔肯定了研究的结果，对于研究结果的态度是赞同的。故选C项。
12、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“A well-designed website or app user interface (用户界面) makes the information on the website or app accessible to the screen reader, which makes it accessible to blind users. However, a badly designed website or application will turn out to be invisible to a screen reader. (一个设计良好的网站或应用程序用户界面可以让屏幕阅读器访问网站或应用程序上的信息，这使得盲人用户也可以访问。然而，一个设计糟糕的网站或应用程序对屏幕阅读器来说是不可见的。)”可知，设计良好的应用程序和设计糟糕的应用程序相比较，前者与屏幕阅读器配合使用效果很好。故选A项。
13、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many designers find a good way to make technology available to all, which can be explained through an example — the whole touch screen. (许多设计师找到了一种让所有人都能使用技术的好方法，这可以通过一个例子来解释——整个触摸屏。)”以及“At present, the prevailing solution to this problem is to use the whole touch screen as an input control. Instead of having to touch a particular part of the screen, users can tap anywhere in response to audio instructions. (许多设计师找到了一种让所有人都能使用技术的好方法，这可以通过一个例子来解释——整个触摸屏。目前流行的解决这个问题的方法是使用整个触摸屏作为输入控件。用户无需触摸屏幕的某个特定部分，而是可以根据音频指令点击任何地方。)”可知，许多设计师认为使技术对所有人友好的好方法是使输入和输出控制易于操作。故选B项。
14、答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Yet many technologies are still not accessible to users with disabilities. One way to make apps and websites more accessible is to have people with disabilities designing the technologies. But the design process itself is not very accessible to those very people, because very few tools in user interface designers’ toolbox are accessible. (然而，残疾用户仍然无法使用许多技术。让应用程序和网站更容易访问的一种方法是让残疾人设计技术。但设计过程本身对这些人来说并不是很容易理解，因为用户界面设计师的工具箱中只有很少的工具是可访问的。)”说明要满足残疾人要求有难度，解决方法是让残疾人来设计技术，这也是相当困难的，从而推知划线词句“It’s a catch-22. (这是一个catch-22。)”其中划线短语应为“两难”的意思。故选C项。
15、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“While it is useful for designers to be aware of how users with disabilities interact with technologies, the most powerful insights may come from those with disabilities themselves. (虽然对设计师来说，了解残疾用户如何与技术互动是有用的，但最有力的见解可能来自残疾人士自己。)”可知，文章的目的是强调让残疾人士参与技术开发的重要性。故选D项。
16、答案：①-⑤EDGAF
解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些减少手机使用的方法。
①上文“The typical cellphone user touches his or her phone 2,617 times every day. Most people spend 3 hours on their phones each day. The effects of this usage are shocking: reducing the quality of conversations and negatively affecting short-term memory and problem solving.(典型的手机用户每天触摸手机2617次。大多数人每天花3小时在手机上。这种用法的效果令人震惊：降低了对话的质量，对短期记忆和解决问题产生了负面影响)”说明手机用户花费大量时间在手机上，手机上瘾对人产生了负面影响，E项中phone addiction是关键词，E项“手机成瘾与精神疾病之间的关系令人担忧”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
②上文“You could set alarms specifying how often you can check your phone.(你可以设置闹钟，指定查看手机的频率)”说明可以采用设置闹钟的方法来指定查看手机的频率，D项“例如，每半小时、每45分钟或每小时”举例说明设置闹钟、指定查看手机频率的方法，承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
③上文“Therefore, you could create a no-phone time zone.(因此，你可以创建一个无手机时区)”以及下文“So you can concentrate on the work in front of you.(这样你就可以专注于眼前的工作)”说明可以关闭手机，创建无手机时区，以专注于工作，G项中Shut your phone是关键词，G项“当你工作效率最高时，每天至少要关机2小时”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
④下文“One idea is to replace some smartphone functions with real objects.(一个想法是用实物代替一些智能手机功能)”说明可以使用其他物品代替手机的一些功能，即减少对手机的依赖性，A项“减少你的依赖”可以作为本段小标题。故选A。
⑤上文“Every time you want to use your phone, this brings about a mindfulness exercise and makes you ask yourself what your intention is. If you really want to use the phone, set your intention for why and remove the hairband.(每次你想使用手机时，这都会带来一个正念练习，让你问自己你的意图是什么。如果你真的想使用手机，设定你的意图，说明原因并摘掉发带)”说明发带的具体用法，F项“这种做法有助于避免每3分钟无意识地解锁手机”承接上文，说明使用发带的好处，符合题意。故选F。
17、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它们之间有一个很大的区别。A. secret秘密；B. appointment约会 ；C. difference不同；D. conflict冲突。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time that she 7 how different Angel’s life had been from hers.”可知，这对双胞胎不同。故选C。
18、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于安吉尔天生患有唐氏综合征，一些陌生人建议把她送进福利院。A. recommended推荐；B. tried尝试；C. avoided避免；D. admitted承认。根据“As Angel was born with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征)”可知，陌生人建议把患有唐氏综合征的安吉尔送进福利院。故选A。
19、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的妈妈拒绝了，说她要带安吉尔回家。A. arrived到达；B. declined拒绝；C. approved同意；D. followed跟着。根据“said she was going to take Angel home.”可知，妈妈拒绝了陌生人的建议。故选B。
20、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：珀赛和安吉尔可以随心所欲地唱歌跳舞，他们共同度过了一段美妙的童年。A. tough困难的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. stressful压力大的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“Being able to sing and dance as they pleased,”可知，这对双胞胎童年都很棒。故选D。
21、答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：22岁时，安吉尔不得不辍学。A. get off下车；B. get rid of摆脱；C. get out of出去；D. get over克服。根据“and there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel.”可知，没有适合像安吉尔这样的成年人大学，她不得不离开学校。故选C。
22、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：安吉尔没有能力在她所在的农村社区的日间课程中找到成就感，而且当地也没有其他适合像安吉尔这样的成年人的大学。A. security安全；B. accomplishment成就；C. confidence信心；D. community社区。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time ”可知，安吉尔找不到成就感。故选B。
23、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当珀赛看到妹妹一直躺在沙发上时，她才意识到安吉尔的生活与她的生活是多么不同。A.agreed同意；B. proved证明 ；C. recalled回忆；D. realized意识到。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time that ”可知，直到那时珀博意识到妹妹和她生活不一样。故选D。
24、答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在2008年，Pursai遇到了Pam Lindsay医生，她有一个患有自闭症的女儿。A. Disappointedly失望地；B. Gratefully感激地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Regretfully后悔。根据“And in 2009, they 10 he College of Adaptive Arts in San Jose, California, for this group with 11 needs but no access to higher education.”可知，幸运地是，珀赛遇到Pam医生，他们专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体成立了适应艺术学院。故选C。
25、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们谈到智障成年人缺乏教育选择。A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样性；C. balance平衡；D. freedom自由。根据“there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel.”可知，智障成年人缺乏教育的选择。故选A。
26、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，他们在加州圣何塞市成立了适应艺术学院，专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体服务。A. visited参观；B. contacted 联系；C. attended出席；D. founded成立。根据“for this group with 11 needs but no access to higher education.”可知，他们为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体成立了适应艺术学院。故选D。
27、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2009年，他们在加州圣何塞市成立了适应艺术学院，专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体服务。A. financial金融的；B. medical医疗的；C. special特殊的；D. emotional情感的。根据“adults with intellectual disabilities.”可知，这类人群有特殊需求。故选C。
28、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多家长都表示欣慰，他们的孩子找到了一个安全的空间来学习、成长和发展友谊。A. concern担心；B. determination决心；C. doubt怀疑；D. relief宽慰。根据“their child found a safe space to learn, grow and develop friendships.”可知，家长们对自己有特殊需求的孩子找到安全空间而感到欣慰。故选D。
29、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：普尔赛说:“有些成年人在苦苦挣扎，因为他们很难找到一所满足他们需求的传统大学。”A. struggling挣扎；B. competing竞争；C. floating漂浮；D. emerging出现。根据“they can hardly find a traditional college”可知，很难找到传统大学的残疾成年人过得很挣扎。故选A。
30、答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：普尔赛说:“有些成年人在苦苦挣扎，因为他们很难找到一所满足他们需求的传统大学。”A. submits to提交；B. caters to迎合，满足；C. sticks to坚持；D. refers to提及。根据“and there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel. ”可知，没有能满足他们需求的传统大学。故选B。
31、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但当你给他们一个安全的空间时，这是一个令人难以置信的变化。”A. invitation邀请；B. challenge挑战；C. change改变；D. adventure冒险。根据“they can hardly find a traditional college.”并结合常识可知，有特殊需求的人们可以上学，学习艺术等，这对他们来说是一个改变。故选C。
32、答案：concerning
解析：考查介词。句意：教授将做一场关于污染和雨林的讲座。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词concerning，意为“关于”。故填concerning。
33、答案：Being exposed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下对皮肤是有害的。根据句子结构可知，设空处缺少主语。be exposed to表示意为“暴露，接触”，此处在句中作主语，故用动名词作主语。同时该空位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Being exposed。
34、答案：ignorance
解析：考查名词。句意：我开始为自己对世界历史一无所知而感到尴尬了。根据空格前by my complete可知，此处应该填名词，作介词宾语。ignore“忽视”为动词，其名词形式为ignorance，不可数名词，故填ignorance。
35、答案：lacking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：缺乏营养的饮食将不会使人保持健康。谓语动词是 will not keep，空格处作后置定语， A diet和lack之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填lacking。
36、答案：allowing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：大学扩大了，从而使更多的人有机会接受高等教育。此处allow应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填allowing。
37、答案：generosity
解析：考查名词。句意：慷慨的行为可以改变生活，或者只是给你充满爱的温暖的感觉。根据空格前的介词of可知，此处应填名词作介词的宾语，形容词generous的名词形式为generosity，generosity是不可数名词。故填generosity。
38、答案：beneath
解析：考查介词。句意：他觉得发表评论会有失尊严。根据句意可知，此处表示“发表评论有失尊严”，空处应用介词beneath，构成短语beneath one’s dignity，表示“有失身份，有失尊严”，符合题意。故填beneath。
39、答案：where/on which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：学生会就像一个大平台，在这个平台上每个人都不遗余力实现他们的梦想。分析句子结构，本句为复合句，从句是一个非限制性定语从句。因先行词stage 在定语从句中做地点状语，使用关系副词或者介词+which引导定语从句，故填where/on which。
40、答案：it
解析：考查代词。句意：主席认为有必要邀请史密斯教授在会上发言。此处考查句型think it ... to do sth，其中it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语。故填it。
41、答案：what
解析：考查倍数表达的固定句型。句意：令这对夫妇感到欣慰的是，他们现在的收入是五年前的两倍。“A+谓语+倍数+what从句”是倍数表达法之一，句中double为形容词，相当于twice as much as...。故填what。
42、答案：①products②to promote③that/which④riding⑤a⑥is⑦for⑧registered⑨creative⑩their
解析：①考查名词。句意:该公司的商店不仅提供自行车装备和产品，还设有咖啡馆、花卉和服装区，旨在推广自行车文化作为一种生活方式的选择,并扩大城市自行车社区的规模和凝聚力。根据下文的cafes和sections可知，此处使用可数名词product的复数形式来作provide的宾语。故填products。
②考查固定搭配。句意见上一题。固定搭配aim to do译为“旨在”，to是不定式符号,接动词原形promote。故填to promote。
③考查定语从句。句意: RE的首席执行官罗源在接受《环球时报》采访时表示，骑行文化在中国已经存在很长时间了，而在20世纪80年代曾经司空见惯的景象一很多人骑自行车，现在这种情景又回来了。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句。先行词scene是物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或者which引导限制性定语从句。故填that/which。
④考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。此处"lots of people (ride) bikes"为独立主格结构，ride用非谓语动词形式，非谓语动词ride和其逻辑主语people之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填riding。
⑤考查冠词。句意:运动的积极理念可以满足当今城市骑手对现代、环保生活方式的渴望根据句意可知，此处泛指“一种现代的、环保的生活方式”，所以需要用不定冠词。modern又是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句意:骆指出，对越来越多的人来说，骑自行车正成为一种精神治疗的方式。根据句意以及空格后的现在分词becoming可知，此处为现在进行时。主语为动名词riding a bike,所以谓语动词也用单数。故填is。
⑦考查介词。句意:以RE的在线平台为例，它拥有超过2万名注册在线会员和20多个子社区，在这些社区中,骑自行车的人参与创建活动，比如用回收材料设计自己的骑行服。固定搭配take sth. for example(以......为例)。故填for。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。句子中谓语为has,所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词register和其逻辑主语members之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填registered。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意见第七题。介词in后需要用动名词作宾语。故填creating。
⑩考查代词。句意:这种趋势也可以在社交媒体平台上看到，如媒体评论网站豆瓣和生活方式平台小红书，有经验的骑手在上面分享他们设计的路线和体验。根据空格后的名词routes和experiences可知，此处用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
43、答案：Dear Allen,
Hearing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I'm writing to invite you to attend the calligraphy and painting exhibition being held in the Arts Centre of our city.
The show, whose theme is "My People, My Country", displays a variety of classic paintings about the diligent Chinese people and their happy life, from which you can also learn about the big change and the rapid development of the country in recent years. Besides, some great calligraphy works from some well-known artists are included. I'm sure you will be very interested in them.
Will you be available on Saturday morning I would like to pick you up at 8:30 a.m. at the school gate. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你校交换生Allen写一封电子邮件，邀请他与你一同参观正在市艺术中心举办的以 My People, My Country 为主题的书法绘画展。
1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in
各种各样的：a variety of→all kinds of
此外：besides→what's more
想要干某事：would like to do sth.→feel like doing sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, some great calligraphy works from some well-known artists are included.
拓展句：Besides, some great calligraphy works that come from some well-known artists are included.
【高分句型1】Hearing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I'm writing to invite you to attend the calligraphy and painting exhibition being held in the Arts Centre of our city. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】The show, whose theme is "My People, My Country", displays a variety of classic paintings about the diligent Chinese people and their happy life, from which you can also learn about the big change and the rapid development of the country in recent years. (运用了whose和"介词+关系代词(from which)"引导的非限制性定语从句)
44、答案：reflect on/reflect upon
解析：考查动词短语。句意：随着每年元旦临近，人们经常会反省自己一年中的得失。根据汉语提示，空处应用短语reflect on/upon sth.，表示“反省某事”，根据句中comes以及空前often可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语是people，谓语动词应用原形形式。故填reflect on/upon。
45、答案：break down
解析：考查动词短语。句意：该公司承诺这种新产品是环保的，因为它可以自然分解而不产生任何有害物质。分析句子，该空需要动词原形和情态动词can作谓语，根据汉语提示“分解”，某种物质的自然分解，动词短语break down符合题意。故填break down。
46、答案：bring life to
解析：考查动词短语。句意：该组织希望这位新经理能给整个团队带来活力，因为竞争对手破坏了团队的精神。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“注入活力”对应的动词短语bring life to，前面有情态动词will，后面动词用原形。故填bring life to。
47、答案：in length
解析：考查介词短语。句意：亚马孙河，雨林由此得名，长度接近6400千米。根据汉语提示，空处应用介词短语in length，表示“长度”，作状语，符合题意。故填in length。
48、答案：waiting for/in store for
解析：考查固定短语。句意：当她今晚回家时，有一个大大的惊喜在等着她。分析题干可知，主句已有谓语动词“will be”，故空处不会出现谓语动词，wait for sb表示“等待某人”，“surprise”和wait之间是主动关系，故用waiting for。介词短语in store for sb也可以表示“（某事）等待着某人”。故填waiting for或in store for。
49、答案：be familiar with
解析：考查固定短语。句意：今天，我将向你简要介绍电影制作上一些你可能不熟悉的方面。根据汉语提示，空处应用be familiar with，为固定短语，其中介词不可省略，情态动词might后接动词原形形式。故填be familiar with。
50、答案：are particular about
解析：考查动词短语。句意：中国商人对细节很挑剔，尤其是质量方面。根据汉语提示及所给句子可知，空处应用动词短语be particular about，句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语Chinese businessmen是复数，be动词应用are。故填are particular about。
51、答案：in turn
解析：考查介词短语。句意：每天锻炼身体，相应地，会提高你的免疫系统。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语in turn，作状语。故填in turn。
52、答案：at a loss
解析：考查介词短语。句意：当恐惧控制大脑的时候，我们大多数人会感到茫然不知所措。根据汉语提示“茫然”及“will be”可知，此处可以用介词短语at a loss作表语，表示“茫然，困惑”。故填at a loss。
53、答案：typical of
解析：考查固定短语。句意：忘记所有重要的事情是她典型的做法。根据汉语提示及所给句子可知，空处应用固定短语be typical of，表示“……是典型的”，其中形容词typical作句子表语。故填typical of。
54、答案：①impressed②survival③majority④established⑤Devoted
解析：①考查动词。句意：他总是给孩子们留下这样的印象：如果他们努力工作，他们就会在生活中取得成功。根据句意可知，此处表示“给……留下深刻印象”，应用名词impression“印象”对应的动词impress，使用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的had构成过去完成时，符合题意。故填impressed。
②考查名词。句意：医生告诉病人家属，他有75%的生存机会。分析句子可知，空处应用名词形式作介词of的宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“存活”，动词survive对应的名词形式survival，表示“生存，存活”，符合句意。故填survival。
③考查名词。句意：当有人给我们做了一顿我们不喜欢的饭时，我们大多数人都会撒一个善意的谎言，说这食物很好吃。空处用于定冠词the之后，应用名词形式，根据句意可知，此处表示“大多数”，应用形容词major对应的名词形式majority，the majority of表示“大多数”，符合句意。故填majority。
④考查动词。句意：政府创立了一个委员会来重建该镇的历史建筑。根据句意可知，此处表示“创立”，应用动词establish，使用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的has构成现在完成时，符合题意。故填established。
⑤考查动词。句意：投身于工作，他没有时间陪伴孩子们。分析句子可知，空处作非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示“投身于”，应用动词devote，be devoted to为固定短语，表示“投身于”，作状语时去掉be动词，过去分词形式devoted置于句首，首字母大写。故填Devoted。
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in the Antarctic. Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and they’re named for the female pioneers.
Jones Terrace(梯田)
The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victoria Land bears Jones name. In 1969, geochemist Lois M. Jones led the first all-female research team from the US to work in Antarctica. Jones and her team studied chemical weathering(风化作用)in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica. Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected,Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley’s ice-covered lakes.
Mount Fineness
8,202-foot-high Mount Fineness,located on Antarctica’s largest island—Alexander Island-is named for Ginny Fineness. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic. In 1985, Fineness became the first female invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region. Francis Peak
Francis Peak
The 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis,who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK. Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.
Peden Cliffs
Peden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic,where she used radio waves to study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio waves spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
1、Which of the following is named after a builder of radio towers in the Antarctic
A. Peden Cliffs. B. Francis Peak.
C. Mount Fineness. D. Jones Terrace.
2、Who helped prove the previous higher temperatures of the Antarctica
A. Irene Peden. B. Dame Jane Francis.
C. Ginny Fineness. D. Lois M.Jones.
3、What was special about Irene Peden according to the text
A. She could judge the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.
B. She discovered a lot of ice-covered lakes in the Antarctic.
C. She was the first female American to explore the Antarctic.
D. She correctly measured the spreading speed of radio waves.
Seyton Thomas is a college student with a heart of giving. She has experienced challenges in her life that sculpted her drive to light a spark in young children from all backgrounds to develop leadership, perseverance, compassion and self-love. She says, “Service is what saved me, and I hope that this is a message that I can spread to the youth across the world.”
During the pandemic, Seyton Thomas organized a diverse group of young people to help a local crisis center. The Community Crisis Center in Miami, Oklahoma, is a home that gives shelter and other services to women and children who are suffering from domestic abuse. The crisis center depends on volunteers to help the women and children receive encouragement and a break from stress, but the pandemic made volunteer interaction difficult.
Seyton got the idea from the crisis center director of painting encouraging messages on stones and hiding them in the lawn of the crisis center for the children to find. Seyton pulled together other students from the Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society and her college soccer team. Together the young people collected stones, painted kind messages and filled two boxes full of fun and colorful stones. Then they gave them to the crisis center to hide. The children at the crisis center were delighted to find and read these messages. They thought highly of the experience as well as the words coming from community members who took time to make them realize they were valued.
Seyton reflects with the group of volunteers that the project is a great way to bring people together positively in the community to do something for the good of others. They talk about how serving others can make a difference to someone’s life. It seems that the deed is as small as a stone, but the impact can be as large as a mountain.
4、Whom does the Community Crisis Center mainly help
A. Poor families. B. Homeless orphans.
C. Victims of family violence. D. Pandemic disease sufferers.
5、How did Seyton Thomas help the crisis center
A. By raising a fund for all kids in the center.
B. By spreading useful news about the pandemic.
C. By encouraging her soccer team members to donate.
D. By presenting inspiring messages to children in the center.
6、What kind of person is Seyton Thomas
A. Curious and optimistic. B. Kind-hearted and caring.
C. Serious and modest. D. Creative and educated.
7、Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Small stones make a big difference
B. Volunteer work has great benefits
C. Find hope during difficult times
D. Giving is better than receiving
It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert (隐蔽的), rather than overt, in humans
In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer. And as several lines of evidence suggest that humans are constantly, although mostly subconsciously, sniffing themselves and others, Ravreby supposed that the latter is the case.
To test her hypothesis, Ravreby conducted the study with pairs of click friends: same-sex nonromantic friends whose friendships had originally formed very rapidly. Because such friendships emerge prior to an in-depth acquaintance, they may be particularly influenced by physiological characteristics such as body smell. She then collected body smell samples from these click friends and conducted two sets of experiments to compare the samples with those collected from random pairs of individuals. In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.
Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal (非言语的) social interactions in pairs. After each such structured interaction, the participants rated the other individual in terms of how much they liked that person. Subsequent analysis revealed that the individuals who had more positive interactions indeed smelled more like each other, as determined by the eNose.
“These results imply that, as the saying goes, there is chemistry in social chemistry,” Ravreby concludes. However, Sobel offers words of caution, “This is not to say that we act like dogs or goats — humans likely rely on other, far more dominant signals in their social decision-making. Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.”
8、What did Inbal Ravreby want to figure out
A. Whether humans have a sharp sense of smell.
B. Whether humans’ noses can detect all types of smells.
C. Whether it is necessary for humans to sniff other people.
D. Whether the sense of smell plays a role in humans’ interaction.
9、What makes the first two sets of experiments different from each other
A. The way to make comparisons.
B. The participation of random pairs.
C. The way volunteers used the eNose.
D. The number of pairs of click friends.
10、Why did Ravreby involve complete strangers in the following experiments
A. To determine the reliability of the finding.
B. To avoid interactions between click friends.
C. To make the experiments much more interesting.
D. To test the accuracy of the eNose in smell analysis.
11、What is Sobel’s attitude towards the research finding
A. Disapproving. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
Unless you’re blind or know someone who is, you might not know that blind people use the same smartphones as sighted people. In fact, many blind people use touch-screen smartphones every day. The secret is that smartphones have a screen reader, a tool that allows blind people to use a mix of gestures and taps, along with vibrations (震动) or audio feedback, to use their apps.
Screen readers work on desktop computers as well as mobile devices. A well-designed website or app user interface (用户界面) makes the information on the website or app accessible to the screen reader, which makes it accessible to blind users. However, a badly designed website or application will turn out to be invisible to a screen reader.
Many designers find a good way to make technology available to all, which can be explained through an example — the whole touch screen. It was reported that blind users found locating small icons and specific numbers on the on-screen keypad(键盘) difficult. At present, the prevailing solution to this problem is to use the whole touch screen as an input control. Instead of having to touch a particular part of the screen, users can tap anywhere in response to audio instructions. These insights would have been impossible without involving people with different disabilities in the evaluation and design of touch screens.
Yet many technologies are still not accessible to users with disabilities. One way to make apps and websites more accessible is to have people with disabilities designing the technologies. But the design process itself is not very accessible to those very people, because very few tools in user interface designers’ toolbox are accessible. It’s a catch-22.
Our recent research evaluated the existing prototyping software, a tool allowing user interface designers to create temporary models to show clients or to test among users. We found that most popular prototyping software fails to work together with screen readers. Therefore, blind designers cannot use the prototyping software to create models of their own. This is where the problem is in the process of creating accessible technology.
Accessibility is an issue that touches everyone. Providing access to technology is legally required in most cases. While it is useful for designers to be aware of how users with disabilities interact with technologies, the most powerful insights may come from those with disabilities themselves.
12、What’s the major difference between a well-designed app and a badly designed one
A. The former functions well with a screen reader.
B. The former is applicable to most mobile devices.
C. The latter fails to interact with desktop computers.
D. The latter’s complex mix of information distracts users.
13、What do many designers think is a good way to make technology friendly to all
A. Evaluating users’ response to on-screen keypads.
B. Making input and output controls easy to operate.
C. Creating special icons and numbers for blind people.
D. Including disabled people in the development process.
14、What does the underlined word “catch-22” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Priority. B. Prejudice. C. Dilemma. D. Puzzle.
15、What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text
A. To show disabled people’s difficulty in using digital devices.
B. To urge people to be concerned about the situation of the disabled.
C. To inform us of the specific needs of the disabled in the digital era.
D. To stress the importance of engaging the disabled in technology development.
二、七选五
16、The typical cellphone user touches his or her phone 2,617 times every day. Most people spend 3 hours on their phones each day. The effects of this usage are shocking: reducing the quality of conversations and negatively affecting short-term memory and problem solving. ①_______. How can you cut down on your usage of cellphones The following are some methods suggested by experts.
Keep to your schedule.
You could set alarms specifying how often you can check your phone. ②_______. When your alarm sounds, read and handle notifications (通知) and then put down the phone. To reduce response anxiety, tell your friends or family that you may not respond to their messages as quickly as you used to.
Create no-phone time zones.
During working hours, if you’re constantly upset by your phone going off, you won’t remain focused on the work. Therefore, you could create a no-phone time zone. ③_______. So you can concentrate on the work in front of you.
④_______.
One idea is to replace some smartphone functions with real objects. For example, purchase a radio alarm clock instead of depending on your phone to wake you up, and start your new year by buying a new notebook, so you can write your appointment and to-do list there instead of in your phone.
Put a hairband (发带) around your phone.
When placed in the middle of the phone, the hairband allows users to answer phone calls easily, but makes other uses of the phone more difficult. Every time you want to use your phone, this brings about a mindfulness exercise and makes you ask yourself what your intention is. If you really want to use the phone, set your intention for why and remove the hairband. ⑤_______. Choose the methods most suitable for your situation and make efforts to avoid too much use of cellphones.
A. Reduce your reliance
B. Learn to live a life without phones
C. People get addicted to smartphones for different reasons
D. For example, every half-hour, every 45 minutes or every hour
E. And the relation between phone addiction and mental illness is alarming
F. The practice helps avoid mindlessly unlocking your phone every 3 minutes
G. Shut your phone for at least 2 hours of your day, when you’re most productive
三、完形填空（15空）
Only a year apart in age, DeAnna Ellenberger Pursai and her sister, Angel, called themselves twins. But there’s one big 1 between them.
As Angel was born with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征), some strangers 2 placing her in an institution. Her mom 3 and said she was going to take Angel home.
Being able to sing and dance as they pleased, Pursai and Angel shared a(n) 4 childhood. Then Pursai went off to Purdue University.
At age 22, Angel had to 5 school. Angel was too incapable to find a sense of 6 in day programs in her rural community, and there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel. It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time that she 7 how different Angel’s life had been from hers.
8 , in 2008, Pursai met Dr. Pam Lindsay, who has a daughter with autism (自闭症). They talked about the 9 of education options for adults with intellectual disabilities. And in 2009, they 10 the College of Adaptive Arts in San Jose, California, for this group with 11 needs but no access to higher education.
To date, they’ve had nearly 350 students enrolled (招募). Many parents have expressed 12 that their child found a safe space to learn, grow and develop friendships.
“There are adults who are 13 because they can hardly find a traditional college that 14 their needs,” Pursai said. “But when you give them a safe space, it’s an unbelievable 15 .”
17、A. secret B. appointment C. difference D. conflict
18、A. recommended B. tried C. avoided D. admitted
19、A. arrived B. declined C. approved D. followed
20、A. tough B. awkward C. stressful D. amazing
21、A. get off B. get rid of C. get out of D. get over
22、A. security B. accomplishment C. confidence D. community
23、A. agreed B. proved C. recalled D. realized
24、A. Disappointedly B. Gratefully
C. Fortunately D. Regretfully
25、A. lack B. variety C. balance D. freedom
26、A. visited B. contacted C. attended D. founded
27、A. financial B. medical C. special D. emotional
28、A. concern B. determination C. doubt D. relief
29、A. struggling B. competing C. floating D. emerging
30、A. submits to B. caters to C. sticks to D. refers to
31、A. invitation B. challenge C. change D. adventure
四、语法填空
32、The professor will give a lecture _______ (concern) pollution and the rainforest.(所给词的适当形式填空)
33、________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
34、I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete _______ (ignore) of world history. （用单词的适当形式填空）
35、A diet _______ (lack) nutrients will not keep a person healthy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36、The universities have expanded, thus _______ (allow) many more people the chance of higher education. （所给词的正确形式填空）
37、Acts of _______ (generous) can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38、He felt it would be _______ his dignity to comment. (用适当的词填空)
39、The Students’ Union is like a huge stage, _______ everyone spares no effort to achieve their dreams. (用适当的词填空)
40、The chairman thought _______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
41、Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double _______ it was five years ago. (用适当的词填空)
五、短文填空
42、 RE, a biking lifestyle company in Beijing, runs just one of the city clubs that have started to gather cool bikers together. The company,s shops not only provide bicycle gear (装备)and ①______(product) , but also have cafes and flower and clothing sections as it aims ②______ (promote) bike culture as a lifestyle choice and also expand the scale (范围)and togetherness of the biking community in the city.
Luo Yuan, CEO of RE, told the Global Times that the cycling culture has long existed in China and now a scene ③______ was once commonplace during the 1980s, lots of people ④______ (ride) bikes, has returned.
“The positive idea of sports can meet today’s urban (城市的) riders’ longing for ⑤______ modern, eco-friendly lifestyle. Riding a bike ⑥______ (be) becoming a form of spiritual healing for more and more people,” Luo noted.
Biking circles are not just connected through shops but also online communities. Taking the RE’s online platform ⑦______ example, it has more than 20,000 ⑧______ (register) online members and over 20 sub-communities, in which bikers join in ⑨______ (create) events such as designing their own riding clothes from recycled materials.
Such trends can also be seen on social media platforms such as media review site Douban and lifestyle platform Little Red Book, on which experienced riders share ⑩______ (they) designed routes and experiences.
六、书面表达
43、假定你是李华，想邀请你校交换生Allen一同参观正在市艺术中心举办的以My People, My Country为主题的书法绘画展(calligraphy and painting exhibition)。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 参观目的；
2. 参观内容；
3. 约定时间。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、完成句子
44、As each New Year’s Day comes near, people often _______(反省) their gains and losses in the year.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
45、The company promises that the new product is environmentally friendly because it can _______ (分解) naturally without producing anything harmful. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
46、The organization hopes that the new manager will _______ (注入活力) the whole team whose spirit has been broken by the competitor. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
47、The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres _______ (长度). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
48、There will be a big surprise _______ (等待着某人)her when she gets home tonight! (根据汉语提示完成句子)
49、Today, I’ll give you a short introduction to some aspects of film-making you might not _______ (熟悉). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
50、Chinese businessmen _______ (对……挑剔) the details, especially in the aspect of quality. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
51、Making exercise a daily routine will, _______ (相应地，转而), improve your immune system. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
52、When fear takes control of our mind, most of us will be _______ (茫然) and don’t know what to do. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53、It is _______ (典型) her to forget all the important things. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
八、选词填空
54、选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子。有两个单词为多余词。
establish specific weave devote major survive impression
①He had always _______ on his children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
②The doctor told the patient’s family that he had a 75% chance of _______.
③When someone cooks a meal for us that we don’t like, the _______ of us will tell a white lie and say the food is delicious.
④The government has _______ a committee to rebuild the historic building in the town.
⑤_______ to his work, he has no time to accompany his children.
参考答案
1、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Mount Fineness部分的介绍中“She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic.(她在南极建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电塔)”可知，Ginny Fineness 在南极建造并维护了无线电发射塔，Mount Fineness正是以她的名字命名的。故选C项。
2、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Francis Peak部分的介绍中“Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.(她在西摩岛收集的化石有助于在2021的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经的气候比现在温暖得多)”可知，Dame Jane Francis搜集的植物化石帮助证实了南极洲地区以前的气候比现在的温暖得多。故选B项。
3、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Peden Cliffs部分的介绍中“They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.(他们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度)”可知，Irene Peden能够测量出南极洲冰原的厚度。故选A项。
4、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Community Crisis Center in Miami, Oklahoma, is a home that gives shelter and other services to women and children who are suffering from domestic abuse.(俄克拉何马州迈阿密的社区危机处理中心为遭受家庭虐待的妇女和儿童提供住所和其他服务)”可知，社区危机处理中心主要帮助家庭暴力的受害者。故选C项。
5、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Seyton got the idea from the crisis center director of painting encouraging messages on stones and hiding them in the lawn of the crisis center for the children to find.(Seyton从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一个主意，就是在石头上画上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到)”可知，Seyton是通过向危机处理中心的孩子们展示石头上的鼓励性的信息来提供帮助的。故选D项。
6、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Seyton Thomas is a college student with a heart of giving.(Seyton Thomas是一个有奉献之心的大学生)”以及第二段“During the pandemic, Seyton Thomas organized a diverse group of young people to help a local crisis center.(在大流行病期间，Seyton Thomas组织了一个多元化的年轻人团体，来帮助当地的一个危机处理中心)”可知，Seyton Thomas有奉献之心，并为当地的危机处理中心提供帮助，所以Seyton Thomas是心地善良且乐于助人的。故选B项。
7、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段“Seyton got the idea from the crisis center director of painting encouraging messages on stones and hiding them in the lawn of the crisis center for the children to find.(Seyton从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一个主意，就是在石头上画上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到)”以及最后一段“It seems that the deed is as small as a stone, but the impact can be as large as a mountain.(这件事情看起来像石头一样小，但影响却可能像大山一样大)”可知，本文主要讲述了Seyton Thomas使用石头为危机处理中心的孩子们提供鼓励性的信息，产生了有益的影响，所以“小石子有大影响”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
8、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert, rather than overt, in humans (据报道，嗅觉在除人类之外的所有陆地动物的社会互动中起着主导作用。那么问题来了：这是因为人类不像其他陆地动物那样在社交环境中使用鼻子吗？或者人类的这种行为是隐蔽的，而不是公开的？)”以及第二段“In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer.(事实上，这正是魏兹曼脑科学系诺姆·索贝尔教授实验室的研究生Inbal Ravreby试图回答的问题)”可推知，Inbal Ravreby想弄清楚的是嗅觉是否在人类的互动中起作用。故选D项。
9、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.(在一组实验中，她与一种叫做电子鼻或者eNose的电子设备进行了比较，该设备评估了气味的化学特征。另一组实验中，她让志愿者闻两组体味样本，以评估人类感知的相似性。在这两种类型的实验中，点击好友的气味明显比随机配对的人更相似)”可知，两组实验中，进行比较时，所使用的方式不同。故选A项。
10、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal social interactions in pairs.(接下来，为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果，而不是促成原因的可能性，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，在实验中，她使用eNose来“闻”一些彼此完全陌生的志愿者，然后让他们两人进行非言语社交互动)”可知，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，让完全陌生的志愿者参与实验，是为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果这一可能性，确定发现的可靠性。故选A项。
11、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.(不过，我们的研究结果确实表明，我们的鼻子在我们选择朋友时所起的作用比以前想象的更大)”可推知，索贝尔肯定了研究的结果，对于研究结果的态度是赞同的。故选C项。
12、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“A well-designed website or app user interface (用户界面) makes the information on the website or app accessible to the screen reader, which makes it accessible to blind users. However, a badly designed website or application will turn out to be invisible to a screen reader. (一个设计良好的网站或应用程序用户界面可以让屏幕阅读器访问网站或应用程序上的信息，这使得盲人用户也可以访问。然而，一个设计糟糕的网站或应用程序对屏幕阅读器来说是不可见的。)”可知，设计良好的应用程序和设计糟糕的应用程序相比较，前者与屏幕阅读器配合使用效果很好。故选A项。
13、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many designers find a good way to make technology available to all, which can be explained through an example — the whole touch screen. (许多设计师找到了一种让所有人都能使用技术的好方法，这可以通过一个例子来解释——整个触摸屏。)”以及“At present, the prevailing solution to this problem is to use the whole touch screen as an input control. Instead of having to touch a particular part of the screen, users can tap anywhere in response to audio instructions. (许多设计师找到了一种让所有人都能使用技术的好方法，这可以通过一个例子来解释——整个触摸屏。目前流行的解决这个问题的方法是使用整个触摸屏作为输入控件。用户无需触摸屏幕的某个特定部分，而是可以根据音频指令点击任何地方。)”可知，许多设计师认为使技术对所有人友好的好方法是使输入和输出控制易于操作。故选B项。
14、答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Yet many technologies are still not accessible to users with disabilities. One way to make apps and websites more accessible is to have people with disabilities designing the technologies. But the design process itself is not very accessible to those very people, because very few tools in user interface designers’ toolbox are accessible. (然而，残疾用户仍然无法使用许多技术。让应用程序和网站更容易访问的一种方法是让残疾人设计技术。但设计过程本身对这些人来说并不是很容易理解，因为用户界面设计师的工具箱中只有很少的工具是可访问的。)”说明要满足残疾人要求有难度，解决方法是让残疾人来设计技术，这也是相当困难的，从而推知划线词句“It’s a catch-22. (这是一个catch-22。)”其中划线短语应为“两难”的意思。故选C项。
15、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“While it is useful for designers to be aware of how users with disabilities interact with technologies, the most powerful insights may come from those with disabilities themselves. (虽然对设计师来说，了解残疾用户如何与技术互动是有用的，但最有力的见解可能来自残疾人士自己。)”可知，文章的目的是强调让残疾人士参与技术开发的重要性。故选D项。
16、答案：①-⑤EDGAF
解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些减少手机使用的方法。
①上文“The typical cellphone user touches his or her phone 2,617 times every day. Most people spend 3 hours on their phones each day. The effects of this usage are shocking: reducing the quality of conversations and negatively affecting short-term memory and problem solving.(典型的手机用户每天触摸手机2617次。大多数人每天花3小时在手机上。这种用法的效果令人震惊：降低了对话的质量，对短期记忆和解决问题产生了负面影响)”说明手机用户花费大量时间在手机上，手机上瘾对人产生了负面影响，E项中phone addiction是关键词，E项“手机成瘾与精神疾病之间的关系令人担忧”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
②上文“You could set alarms specifying how often you can check your phone.(你可以设置闹钟，指定查看手机的频率)”说明可以采用设置闹钟的方法来指定查看手机的频率，D项“例如，每半小时、每45分钟或每小时”举例说明设置闹钟、指定查看手机频率的方法，承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
③上文“Therefore, you could create a no-phone time zone.(因此，你可以创建一个无手机时区)”以及下文“So you can concentrate on the work in front of you.(这样你就可以专注于眼前的工作)”说明可以关闭手机，创建无手机时区，以专注于工作，G项中Shut your phone是关键词，G项“当你工作效率最高时，每天至少要关机2小时”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
④下文“One idea is to replace some smartphone functions with real objects.(一个想法是用实物代替一些智能手机功能)”说明可以使用其他物品代替手机的一些功能，即减少对手机的依赖性，A项“减少你的依赖”可以作为本段小标题。故选A。
⑤上文“Every time you want to use your phone, this brings about a mindfulness exercise and makes you ask yourself what your intention is. If you really want to use the phone, set your intention for why and remove the hairband.(每次你想使用手机时，这都会带来一个正念练习，让你问自己你的意图是什么。如果你真的想使用手机，设定你的意图，说明原因并摘掉发带)”说明发带的具体用法，F项“这种做法有助于避免每3分钟无意识地解锁手机”承接上文，说明使用发带的好处，符合题意。故选F。
17、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它们之间有一个很大的区别。A. secret秘密；B. appointment约会 ；C. difference不同；D. conflict冲突。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time that she 7 how different Angel’s life had been from hers.”可知，这对双胞胎不同。故选C。
18、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于安吉尔天生患有唐氏综合征，一些陌生人建议把她送进福利院。A. recommended推荐；B. tried尝试；C. avoided避免；D. admitted承认。根据“As Angel was born with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征)”可知，陌生人建议把患有唐氏综合征的安吉尔送进福利院。故选A。
19、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的妈妈拒绝了，说她要带安吉尔回家。A. arrived到达；B. declined拒绝；C. approved同意；D. followed跟着。根据“said she was going to take Angel home.”可知，妈妈拒绝了陌生人的建议。故选B。
20、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：珀赛和安吉尔可以随心所欲地唱歌跳舞，他们共同度过了一段美妙的童年。A. tough困难的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. stressful压力大的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“Being able to sing and dance as they pleased,”可知，这对双胞胎童年都很棒。故选D。
21、答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：22岁时，安吉尔不得不辍学。A. get off下车；B. get rid of摆脱；C. get out of出去；D. get over克服。根据“and there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel.”可知，没有适合像安吉尔这样的成年人大学，她不得不离开学校。故选C。
22、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：安吉尔没有能力在她所在的农村社区的日间课程中找到成就感，而且当地也没有其他适合像安吉尔这样的成年人的大学。A. security安全；B. accomplishment成就；C. confidence信心；D. community社区。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time ”可知，安吉尔找不到成就感。故选B。
23、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当珀赛看到妹妹一直躺在沙发上时，她才意识到安吉尔的生活与她的生活是多么不同。A.agreed同意；B. proved证明 ；C. recalled回忆；D. realized意识到。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie on the couch all the time that ”可知，直到那时珀博意识到妹妹和她生活不一样。故选D。
24、答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在2008年，Pursai遇到了Pam Lindsay医生，她有一个患有自闭症的女儿。A. Disappointedly失望地；B. Gratefully感激地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Regretfully后悔。根据“And in 2009, they 10 he College of Adaptive Arts in San Jose, California, for this group with 11 needs but no access to higher education.”可知，幸运地是，珀赛遇到Pam医生，他们专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体成立了适应艺术学院。故选C。
25、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们谈到智障成年人缺乏教育选择。A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样性；C. balance平衡；D. freedom自由。根据“there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel.”可知，智障成年人缺乏教育的选择。故选A。
26、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，他们在加州圣何塞市成立了适应艺术学院，专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体服务。A. visited参观；B. contacted 联系；C. attended出席；D. founded成立。根据“for this group with 11 needs but no access to higher education.”可知，他们为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体成立了适应艺术学院。故选D。
27、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2009年，他们在加州圣何塞市成立了适应艺术学院，专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体服务。A. financial金融的；B. medical医疗的；C. special特殊的；D. emotional情感的。根据“adults with intellectual disabilities.”可知，这类人群有特殊需求。故选C。
28、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多家长都表示欣慰，他们的孩子找到了一个安全的空间来学习、成长和发展友谊。A. concern担心；B. determination决心；C. doubt怀疑；D. relief宽慰。根据“their child found a safe space to learn, grow and develop friendships.”可知，家长们对自己有特殊需求的孩子找到安全空间而感到欣慰。故选D。
29、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：普尔赛说:“有些成年人在苦苦挣扎，因为他们很难找到一所满足他们需求的传统大学。”A. struggling挣扎；B. competing竞争；C. floating漂浮；D. emerging出现。根据“they can hardly find a traditional college”可知，很难找到传统大学的残疾成年人过得很挣扎。故选A。
30、答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：普尔赛说:“有些成年人在苦苦挣扎，因为他们很难找到一所满足他们需求的传统大学。”A. submits to提交；B. caters to迎合，满足；C. sticks to坚持；D. refers to提及。根据“and there were no other local colleges for adults like Angel. ”可知，没有能满足他们需求的传统大学。故选B。
31、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但当你给他们一个安全的空间时，这是一个令人难以置信的变化。”A. invitation邀请；B. challenge挑战；C. change改变；D. adventure冒险。根据“they can hardly find a traditional college.”并结合常识可知，有特殊需求的人们可以上学，学习艺术等，这对他们来说是一个改变。故选C。
32、答案：concerning
解析：考查介词。句意：教授将做一场关于污染和雨林的讲座。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词concerning，意为“关于”。故填concerning。
33、答案：Being exposed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下对皮肤是有害的。根据句子结构可知，设空处缺少主语。be exposed to表示意为“暴露，接触”，此处在句中作主语，故用动名词作主语。同时该空位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Being exposed。
34、答案：ignorance
解析：考查名词。句意：我开始为自己对世界历史一无所知而感到尴尬了。根据空格前by my complete可知，此处应该填名词，作介词宾语。ignore“忽视”为动词，其名词形式为ignorance，不可数名词，故填ignorance。
35、答案：lacking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：缺乏营养的饮食将不会使人保持健康。谓语动词是 will not keep，空格处作后置定语， A diet和lack之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填lacking。
36、答案：allowing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：大学扩大了，从而使更多的人有机会接受高等教育。此处allow应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填allowing。
37、答案：generosity
解析：考查名词。句意：慷慨的行为可以改变生活，或者只是给你充满爱的温暖的感觉。根据空格前的介词of可知，此处应填名词作介词的宾语，形容词generous的名词形式为generosity，generosity是不可数名词。故填generosity。
38、答案：beneath
解析：考查介词。句意：他觉得发表评论会有失尊严。根据句意可知，此处表示“发表评论有失尊严”，空处应用介词beneath，构成短语beneath one’s dignity，表示“有失身份，有失尊严”，符合题意。故填beneath。
39、答案：where/on which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：学生会就像一个大平台，在这个平台上每个人都不遗余力实现他们的梦想。分析句子结构，本句为复合句，从句是一个非限制性定语从句。因先行词stage 在定语从句中做地点状语，使用关系副词或者介词+which引导定语从句，故填where/on which。
40、答案：it
解析：考查代词。句意：主席认为有必要邀请史密斯教授在会上发言。此处考查句型think it ... to do sth，其中it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语。故填it。
41、答案：what
解析：考查倍数表达的固定句型。句意：令这对夫妇感到欣慰的是，他们现在的收入是五年前的两倍。“A+谓语+倍数+what从句”是倍数表达法之一，句中double为形容词，相当于twice as much as...。故填what。
42、答案：①products②to promote③that/which④riding⑤a⑥is⑦for⑧registered⑨creative⑩their
解析：①考查名词。句意:该公司的商店不仅提供自行车装备和产品，还设有咖啡馆、花卉和服装区，旨在推广自行车文化作为一种生活方式的选择,并扩大城市自行车社区的规模和凝聚力。根据下文的cafes和sections可知，此处使用可数名词product的复数形式来作provide的宾语。故填products。
②考查固定搭配。句意见上一题。固定搭配aim to do译为“旨在”，to是不定式符号,接动词原形promote。故填to promote。
③考查定语从句。句意: RE的首席执行官罗源在接受《环球时报》采访时表示，骑行文化在中国已经存在很长时间了，而在20世纪80年代曾经司空见惯的景象一很多人骑自行车，现在这种情景又回来了。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句。先行词scene是物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或者which引导限制性定语从句。故填that/which。
④考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。此处"lots of people (ride) bikes"为独立主格结构，ride用非谓语动词形式，非谓语动词ride和其逻辑主语people之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填riding。
⑤考查冠词。句意:运动的积极理念可以满足当今城市骑手对现代、环保生活方式的渴望根据句意可知，此处泛指“一种现代的、环保的生活方式”，所以需要用不定冠词。modern又是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句意:骆指出，对越来越多的人来说，骑自行车正成为一种精神治疗的方式。根据句意以及空格后的现在分词becoming可知，此处为现在进行时。主语为动名词riding a bike,所以谓语动词也用单数。故填is。
⑦考查介词。句意:以RE的在线平台为例，它拥有超过2万名注册在线会员和20多个子社区，在这些社区中,骑自行车的人参与创建活动，比如用回收材料设计自己的骑行服。固定搭配take sth. for example(以......为例)。故填for。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。句子中谓语为has,所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词register和其逻辑主语members之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填registered。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意见第七题。介词in后需要用动名词作宾语。故填creating。
⑩考查代词。句意:这种趋势也可以在社交媒体平台上看到，如媒体评论网站豆瓣和生活方式平台小红书，有经验的骑手在上面分享他们设计的路线和体验。根据空格后的名词routes和experiences可知，此处用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
43、答案：Dear Allen,
Hearing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I'm writing to invite you to attend the calligraphy and painting exhibition being held in the Arts Centre of our city.
The show, whose theme is "My People, My Country", displays a variety of classic paintings about the diligent Chinese people and their happy life, from which you can also learn about the big change and the rapid development of the country in recent years. Besides, some great calligraphy works from some well-known artists are included. I'm sure you will be very interested in them.
Will you be available on Saturday morning I would like to pick you up at 8:30 a.m. at the school gate. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你校交换生Allen写一封电子邮件，邀请他与你一同参观正在市艺术中心举办的以 My People, My Country 为主题的书法绘画展。
1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in
各种各样的：a variety of→all kinds of
此外：besides→what's more
想要干某事：would like to do sth.→feel like doing sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, some great calligraphy works from some well-known artists are included.
拓展句：Besides, some great calligraphy works that come from some well-known artists are included.
【高分句型1】Hearing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I'm writing to invite you to attend the calligraphy and painting exhibition being held in the Arts Centre of our city. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】The show, whose theme is "My People, My Country", displays a variety of classic paintings about the diligent Chinese people and their happy life, from which you can also learn about the big change and the rapid development of the country in recent years. (运用了whose和"介词+关系代词(from which)"引导的非限制性定语从句)
44、答案：reflect on/reflect upon
解析：考查动词短语。句意：随着每年元旦临近，人们经常会反省自己一年中的得失。根据汉语提示，空处应用短语reflect on/upon sth.，表示“反省某事”，根据句中comes以及空前often可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语是people，谓语动词应用原形形式。故填reflect on/upon。
45、答案：break down
解析：考查动词短语。句意：该公司承诺这种新产品是环保的，因为它可以自然分解而不产生任何有害物质。分析句子，该空需要动词原形和情态动词can作谓语，根据汉语提示“分解”，某种物质的自然分解，动词短语break down符合题意。故填break down。
46、答案：bring life to
解析：考查动词短语。句意：该组织希望这位新经理能给整个团队带来活力，因为竞争对手破坏了团队的精神。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“注入活力”对应的动词短语bring life to，前面有情态动词will，后面动词用原形。故填bring life to。
47、答案：in length
解析：考查介词短语。句意：亚马孙河，雨林由此得名，长度接近6400千米。根据汉语提示，空处应用介词短语in length，表示“长度”，作状语，符合题意。故填in length。
48、答案：waiting for/in store for
解析：考查固定短语。句意：当她今晚回家时，有一个大大的惊喜在等着她。分析题干可知，主句已有谓语动词“will be”，故空处不会出现谓语动词，wait for sb表示“等待某人”，“surprise”和wait之间是主动关系，故用waiting for。介词短语in store for sb也可以表示“（某事）等待着某人”。故填waiting for或in store for。
49、答案：be familiar with
解析：考查固定短语。句意：今天，我将向你简要介绍电影制作上一些你可能不熟悉的方面。根据汉语提示，空处应用be familiar with，为固定短语，其中介词不可省略，情态动词might后接动词原形形式。故填be familiar with。
50、答案：are particular about
解析：考查动词短语。句意：中国商人对细节很挑剔，尤其是质量方面。根据汉语提示及所给句子可知，空处应用动词短语be particular about，句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语Chinese businessmen是复数，be动词应用are。故填are particular about。
51、答案：in turn
解析：考查介词短语。句意：每天锻炼身体，相应地，会提高你的免疫系统。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语in turn，作状语。故填in turn。
52、答案：at a loss
解析：考查介词短语。句意：当恐惧控制大脑的时候，我们大多数人会感到茫然不知所措。根据汉语提示“茫然”及“will be”可知，此处可以用介词短语at a loss作表语，表示“茫然，困惑”。故填at a loss。
53、答案：typical of
解析：考查固定短语。句意：忘记所有重要的事情是她典型的做法。根据汉语提示及所给句子可知，空处应用固定短语be typical of，表示“……是典型的”，其中形容词typical作句子表语。故填typical of。
54、答案：①impressed②survival③majority④established⑤Devoted
解析：①考查动词。句意：他总是给孩子们留下这样的印象：如果他们努力工作，他们就会在生活中取得成功。根据句意可知，此处表示“给……留下深刻印象”，应用名词impression“印象”对应的动词impress，使用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的had构成过去完成时，符合题意。故填impressed。
②考查名词。句意：医生告诉病人家属，他有75%的生存机会。分析句子可知，空处应用名词形式作介词of的宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“存活”，动词survive对应的名词形式survival，表示“生存，存活”，符合句意。故填survival。
③考查名词。句意：当有人给我们做了一顿我们不喜欢的饭时，我们大多数人都会撒一个善意的谎言，说这食物很好吃。空处用于定冠词the之后，应用名词形式，根据句意可知，此处表示“大多数”，应用形容词major对应的名词形式majority，the majority of表示“大多数”，符合句意。故填majority。
④考查动词。句意：政府创立了一个委员会来重建该镇的历史建筑。根据句意可知，此处表示“创立”，应用动词establish，使用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的has构成现在完成时，符合题意。故填established。
⑤考查动词。句意：投身于工作，他没有时间陪伴孩子们。分析句子可知，空处作非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示“投身于”，应用动词devote，be devoted to为固定短语，表示“投身于”，作状语时去掉be动词，过去分词形式devoted置于句首，首字母大写。故填Devoted。
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