课件28张PPT。人教版必修4Unit 3 A taste of English humourSection Ⅰ Warming UpWhat is humour?Humour is some words that means making others laugh.
If someone often makes others laugh,
We say he is humourous;
We call him a humourist. Look at the following pictures.
Which picture can make you laugh?Warming up Do you feel my love?I want to lose my weight. I’m driving at a high speed.Do you feel funny?
How many kinds of humour do you know about?
Can you name some people that you think are humorous?tongue twister绕口令cross talk 相声Kinds of humourfunny storiescomedy 喜剧mime 哑剧sketch小品jokes Chinese humourists sketch小品crosstalkTwo or more speakers make many jokes and funny conversation.(funny stories)Mark Twain was the popular and humourous American author.
马克吐温一次乘车外出，火车开得很慢。当查票员过来查票时，马克吐温递给他一张儿童票。查票员调侃道：“我还真没看出您还是个孩子呢！” 马克吐温回答：“现在我已经不是孩子了，但我买票上车时还是个孩子哩。”
马克 吐温收到一封信.这是一位青年人写来的,他想向马克 吐温请教成为大作家的诀窍.信中说:"听说鱼含大量的磷质,而磷是有利于脑子的.看来要成为一个大作家,一定要吃很多鱼吧?但不知道你究竟吃的什么鱼,又吃了多少呢?" 马克 吐温回信说:"看来,你得吃一条鲸才行."joke一次马克吐温应邀赴宴。 席间，他对一位贵妇说：“夫人，你太美丽了！”不料那妇人却说：“先生，可是遗憾得很，我不能用同样的话回答你。” 头脑灵敏，言辞犀利的马克·吐温笑着回答：“那没关系，你也可以像我一样说假话。”
混蛋 马克·吐温有一次因为看不惯国会议员在国会通过某个法案，因此在报纸上刊登了一个广告，上面写着：“国会议员有一半是混蛋。”报纸一卖出，许多抗议电话随之而来，这些国会议员可不认为自己是混蛋，纷纷要求马克吐温更正。马克吐温于是又刊登了一个更正：“我错了，国会议员，有一半不是混蛋。”意思则与原来相同。jokeCustomer: What’s that fly(苍蝇)
doing in my soup?
Waiter: Swimming, I think!
joke1. Policeman: Why did you have to break into
the same shop three times?
Thief: Well,I stole a dress from that shop but
my wife didn't like it.So Ihad to go
back and change it twice!
2. Teacher:You say that John Jones has a cold
and cannot come to school
today.
Who am I speaking to?
Voice:Oh,this is my father.
jokeJoke 1: The joke is funny because the wife wanted to change the dress her husband had given her. If women pay for their dresses they can , of course, change them if they do not like them .
However, the wife is treating the dress as if the husband has bought it for her when he has really stolen it. People do not usually change stolen goods if they do not like them. They may get caught as they have done. So that is why this joke is funny.
Joke 2: parents often ring up school to explain why their child cannot come to school. The humour lies in the fact that the voice on the phone gives it away that it is the child speaking and not the parent. A child (however much they want to) cannot give themselves permission not to come to school. That is why it is funny.
Mr Bean(憨豆先生) Mr BeanCharlie ChaplinA Master of Nonverbal HumourCharlie ChaplinHe is one of the most famous humourists that can make others laugh all the time. He was a great silent movie star. Modern Times, The Little Tramp, The Gold Rush, City Light are his masterpieces.
a small round black hat a walking stick large trousers worn-out shoes The Little Tramp was a ____ and ________ person. The Little TrampIt was known and loved by many people around the world.poorhomelessConclusion Humour is everywhere in our daily life. I hope you can be optimistic(乐观) no matter what difficulties you meet , just as Charlie Chaplin was.Unit 3 A Taste of English Humour
Period 1: new words and reading
Teaching aims :1 ，Improve the students’ reading skills .
2，Grasp some useful words and expressions .
3，Get them to know about the nonverbal humour and the famous comedian-Charlie Chaplin .
4 ，Understand and master the usage of the v-ing form .
Teaching important point: Try to get a better understanding of the text by reading.
Teaching difficult point: How to improve their reading skills.
Teaching procedures:
Step1: Try to remember the new words as quickly as possible.
1, Read and recite new words and phrases. (A级) (按音标正确读背单词)
2, Please write out the words and phrases in English or Chinese. Then, underline the wrong words and correct them. (B级)（用红色笔改正错误并再次背诵）
1、直到现在： 2、更穷：
3、感到沮丧： 4、巧妙的表演
5、对------满意： 6、四处走动：
7、一------就： 8、拐杖：
9、一个社会的失败者： 10、一双皮鞋
11、克服困难： 12、挑选：
13、对他人不友善： 14、主演：
15、寻找： 16、as time went by：
17、cut off 18、be remembered as
19、inspire sb. with sth. 20、on the edge of a mountain
21、astonishing: 22、平常的：
23、厌烦的： 24、愉快的：
25、迷人的： 26、令人信服的：
27、杰出的： 28、无家可归的：
29、worn-out : 30、unfortunately: (adv.)
反思：1,我的单词默写情况 2, 原因：
Step 2: Lead-in （B级）（根据图形和标题猜课文大意，不要读课文内容）
Look at the title and the pictures of the passage and predict its content .write down your idea in one sentence below. Then skim the passage and see if you were right.
The passage is about ___________________Charlie Chaplin and the kind of humour we can all laugh at---nonverbal humour.
Step 2: Listening （B级）（尽量抓住关键词，对照课文改正。）
Listen to the tape and complete the notes about Charlie Chaplin.
Born: ___________________________________________
Job: ____________________________________________
Famous character: ________________________________
Costume: ______________________________________
Type of acting: ___________________________________
Died: ________________________________________
Step 3：Skim the text and join the main ideas of each paragraph.(B级)
（方法导引：略读或浏览，忽略不懂的句子和生词）
Para 1 An example of a sad situation that he made funny.
Para 2 Why people needed cheering up.
Para 3 His achievements.
Para 4 What his most famous character was like.
Para 5 What Charlie childhood was like.
Step4: Scan the passage carefully and finish the following. (B级)
（方法导引：采用扫描式阅读寻找有用的信息。）
1，Decide if the following statements are true or false.
( ) 1, Charlie Chaplin was poor when he was a small boy.
( ) 2, People who don’t know English cannot enjoy Chaplin’s films.
( ) 3,The Gold Rush is set in California the late of the nineteenth century.
( ) 4, In Gold Rush Chaplin and his friend are fortunate to find some gold.
( ) 5, In the film the meal he eats is hard to chew.
( ) 6,Chaplin not only acted in films but wrote and directed films as well.
2 , Choose the best answers to each question according to the text.
1、The writer used what Victor Hugo said in order to ________.
A .show how great Victor Hugo was
B. tell the importance of Charlie Chaplin.
C .make you remember the truth.
D .tell readers Charlie Chaplin couldn’t speak well.
2 、From paragraph 2 we can learn that __________.
A .Charlie lived an easy life when he was young.
B .it was easy for Charlie to become angry.
C .it was his mother who looked after him when he was young.
D .Charlie was very clever as a child.
3 、Who was the little tramp ?
A . A character in his life . B .One of his friends.
C . His brother. D .A film director.
4 、Why do we believe it is one of the best meals Charlie has ever tasted ?
A .Because the food is the most delicious.
B .Because we are very hungry.
C .Because he eats the shoes happily.
D .Because the shoes are very beautiful.
5 、When Charlie Chaplin died , he was ________years old .
A . 66 B. 77 C .88 D.99
3，Now use the information of the main idea to write a summary of the passage in your own words . （C级）
In ____and ____people were feeling ____because of ____ _____ _____ .Charlie understood their problems .His character “_____ _____ _____”was _____and _____ , but everybody loved him for _____and _____ .Charlie Chaplin made people laugh at some of these terrible situations like being without _____or _____ . He ____ ,____and _____ his own films and _____an Oscar for his ______work .
Step5, Translate the key sentences .（C级）（方法导引：弄清复杂句结构的关键是先找到句子的主干，然后看其他成分。）
1、As Victor Hugo once said , “ Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face “, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin .
句中as 引导什么句？
2、He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed , so they could feel more content with their lives .
_____________________________________________________________________
句中when 引导什么句？
3、Unfortunately his father died ,leaving the family even worse off .
句中leaving the family 是现在分词做：
4、No none was ever bored watching him---his subtle acting made everything entertaining .
____________________________________________________________________-
句中entertaining是做宾语补足语吗？
5、Charlie Chaplin picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti .
句中as if 引导什么句？
6、Charlie Chaplin wrote , directed and produced the films he starred in .
_____________________________________________________________________
句中he starred in 做什么成分？
7、This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties .
_____________________________________________________________________
Step 6 Thinking:
What should we learn from Charlie Chaplin?
Humour is everywhere in our daily life. I hope you can be optimistic (乐观) no matter what difficulties you meet, just as Charlie Chaplin was.
当堂检测：听写课文中难句
Unit 3 A taste of English humour
I. 单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals
Talk about different types of humour; a taste of English humour
Learn how to express one’s emotions
Learn the -ing form as the Predicative, Attribute && Object Complement
Learn to write humorous stories
II. 目标语言
功 能 句 式
情感（Emotions）
I enjoy this very much because ...
I laugh at that kind of thing because ...
This is fun because ...
How wonderful/ surprising!
It surprises me that ...
I’m pleased we were both amused at ...
I felt happy because ...
It’s amusing that ...
词 汇
1. 四会词汇
slide, skin, cruel, content, astonish, particular, entertain, failure, entertaining, throughout, homeless, worn-out, overcome, difficulty, boil, fortunate, snowstorm, bottom, chew, mouthful, direct, star, outstanding, Switzerland, fortune, swing, pancake, mountainous, whisper, vast, sense
2. 认知词汇
verbal, nonverbal, mime, farce, Charlie Chaplin, Edward Lear, bump, poverty, charming, tramp, lace, enjoyment, Oscar, costume, Sherlock Holmes
3. 词组
be content with, badly off, pick out, star in, knock into
语 法
构词法：名词与形容词之间的转化 动词的-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法（The -ing form as predicative, attribute and object complement）
重 点 句 子
Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? P17
Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life ... P17
He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. P17
But he was lived by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.
P18
Imagine you are hungry and all there is to eat is a boiled shoe. P18
That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. P18
He solved it by using nonverbal humour. P18
Their job is “panning for gold”. P18
Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. P18
Ⅲ. 教材分析与教材重组
1．教材分析
本单元的中心话题是“感受英语幽默”，其中涉及到了幽默的种类及其代表人物，并就中外幽默进行了粗略的比较，以此让学生感受英语幽默的内涵。
1.1 WARMING UP中提出了三个问题：How many kinds of humour do you know？Do you know these kinds of humour？ Do you have other kinds of humour in China？这三个问题直指本单元中心话题，为下一步的阅读理解作了准备。
1.2 PRE-READING在WARMING UP 的基础上提出了另外三个问题：What do you like to laugh at？ What does humour mean？ Is humour always kind？这三个问题进一步让学生了解幽默的含义，即把缺陷与完美、荒唐与合理、愚笨与机敏等两极对立的属性不动声色地结合起来，在对立统一中见其深刻的意义。
1.3 READING以美国著名喜剧大师Charlie Chaplin的表演为例，为学生展示了幽默的内涵。第一段以常见的踩香蕉皮滑倒为例，指出了幽默的内涵之一：“Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else worse off than ourselves”.从第二段开始介绍卓别林以其独特的表现方式成为著名的幽默大师，文中列举了两部他的喜剧片，一部是The Little Trump，另一部是The Gold Rush。前者以其穿着及行为而受到了人们的喜爱；后者通过吃皮鞋这一片段，让人领略了他的无与伦比的想象力与幽默感。卓别林将滑稽的相貌、夸张的穿戴和离奇的想象完美地结合起来，出于现实而又超脱现实。令人在捧腹大笑的同时，感到了他对待苦难的积极态度，和对下层小人物的同情。这篇文章揭示了幽默的内涵，给学生留下了思考的余地：Is humour always kind？
1.4 COMPREHENDING分为两部分。第一部分以填写表格的形式让学生练习写阅读笔记，同时提示他们人物传记的写法，让学生了解文章结构。第二部分练习课文中出现的生词。
1.5 LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE包括词汇和语法两部分。词汇部分强调用英语来解释词汇，并在实际情景中使用所学词汇。 语法部分主要通过大量的例句和习题来实现让学生自主学习的目的，总结-ing形式在句中作表语、宾语和宾语补足语的用法。
1.6 USING LANGUAGE部分, 从听、说、读、写四个方面来学习和巩固所学语言知识，全面体现语言运用能力。
2. 教材重组
2.1 将WARMING UP（P17）， READING（P22）与SPEAKING（P23）整合在一起上一堂口语课。
2.2 将PRE-READING，READING (P17), COMPREHENDING (P18)及LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE中的练习一和练习二整合在一起上一堂阅读课。从字、词、句、和篇章几个方面掌握目标语言。
2.3 将LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE (P20)中的剩余练习及USING LANGUAGE (P56)中的所有练习整合成语法课来练习-ing形式在句中作表语、宾语和宾语补足语的用法。
2.4 将LISTENING(P23), LISTENING(P55) 和LISTENING TASK(P58)整合在一起上一堂听力课。
2.5 将WRITING（P23），TALKING（P55）和SPEAKING AND WRITING（P60）整合成一堂写作课。
2.6 将USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS（P56），READING TASK（P59），PROJECT（P61）和 SUMMING UP（P24）整合在一起上一堂复习课，总结这个单元所学全部内容。
3． 课时分配
1st period Speaking
2nd period Reading
3rd period Grammar
4th period Listening
5th period Writing
6th period Summary
Ⅳ. 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇
verbal, nonverbal, mime, farce, pancakes, mountainous, whisper
b. 重点句型
I think how short life is and how long the universe has lasted. P22
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to talk about some types of English humour and Chinese humour.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
a. Help the students learn how to talk about some types of English and Chinese humour, and then find their differences.
b. Let the students listen, read, and then imitate the jokes, so that they can realize that humour is to let people to be optimistic about everything around.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Help the students learn how to understand and enjoy English humors.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
Help the students know the differences between English and Chinese in humours.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Using pictures, discussion, reading and imitation.
Teaching aids 教学准备
A recorder and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision
Have a dictation about the words and expressions that appeared in Unit 2.
Step Ⅱ Warming up
Start the new unit by showing the students a picture:
T: Look! What do you think of the picture?
Ss: It’s very funny! A wolf or a dog is jumping across the back of a sheep!
T: Yeah! It’s so funny that we cannot help laughing about their acting. It makes us feel nice. Today, we are going to learn something about humour. The title is A taste of English humour. Do you know something about English humour?
S1: I’m sorry.
S2: I know an English humour.
T: Really? Please read it to us.
S2: I’ll try. One day a patient went to see his doctor. He said to the doctor: “Doctor, I see double.” The doctor said: “Sit on the chair please.” And then the patient asked the doctor: “Which one?”
T: That’s really interesting! Thank you! In fact this is a kind of English humour, which we call verbal joke. Ok, here are some pictures. Look, who are they?
（1） （2） （3） （4）
S3: It’s Charlie Chaplin. And I know picture one is from a film called The Gold Rush.
T: Right. Who know the man in picture 3?
S4: I dare say that everyone know him. He’s Mr. Bean, one of the most famous and successful British actor.
T: You are right. He’s now recognized as the most popular British comedy expert. And how about the last one?
S5: It’s difficult to say. I guess he’s an American because the picture behind him looks like an American flag.
T: Right. He is Mark Twain, the famous American writer. Do you know something about him?
S6: He liked to make jokes with other people.
T: Have you once read some?
S6: Only a few.
T: Can you bring us some next time?
S6: Let me try.
T: OK, now, let’s look at the chart on Page 17. What does it tell us?
S7: From the table we can see that Charlie Chaplin is good at nonverbal humour; Mr. Bean is famous for his mime and farce; while Mark Twain was good at tell some funny stories. But I don’t know Edward Lear.
T: Right. Edward Lear is a famous British poet. His poems are funny. But they were all from daily life. Until now people also read them and enjoy them. Here is one of his short poems. Please look at the screen:
There was an old Man with a bread
There was an old man with a bread,
Who said, “It’s just as I feared!
Two owls and a hen,
Four larks and a wren,
Have all built their nests in my bread!”
T: In these two poems we can see that Edward Lear used a kind of magnification to make his poem funny. But because the sense of humour of English and Chinese is different, sometimes what they feel funny would not sound funny to us. But if you want to make fun of one of your friends, you can send them to him/her. They will be surprise to see these. Well, do you know these persons in the pictures? What are they good at? Nonverbal, mime and farce, funny stories or funny poems?
（1） （2） （3） （4）
S8: Picture 1 is Chen Peisi. I think he is famous for his mime and farce.
S9: Picture 2 is Zhao Benshan. He is famous for his Xiao pin. And he is also for his mime, I think.
S10: The two persons in picture 4 are Liu Quanhe and Liu Quanlin. They are good at Ya ju (哑剧).
T: Do you know the third person? No? He is the famous cross talk actor—Hou Baolin. When he was living, he was the most popular actor. Many of his works are the classic. OK, now can you finish the last column of the chart?
The Suggested answers:
English humour
Nonverbal
Mime and farce
Verbal jokes
Funny stories
Funny poems
Chinese humour
Pantomime (哑剧) 刘全和、刘全林
Funny plays 陈佩斯、赵本山
Cross talk 侯宝林、马季
Jokes
Doggerel （打油诗）
Step Ⅲ Reading on P22
The purpose of this reading is to introduce the kind of humour we can laugh at -verbal jokes. They use a “play on words” to be funny. Let the students read the three jokes and then match the joke with the explanation.
T: Well, boys and girls, just now we learned something about English and Chinese jokes. Now let’s read some English jokes on Page 22. I’ll give three minutes for you to read them and then match the joke with the explanation. If you like, you may have a discussion. And then we’ll check the answer. OK, read them.
The students read and finish their task, and the teacher can show some other jokes on the screen. After they have finished the task, check the answer and ask them to enjoy the jokes on the screen.
T: Have you finished the reading? Are the jokes funny?
Ss: Yes, they are very funny. We’ve never found that English jokes so funny.
T: What’s the answer?
S11: The answer is 1 to B, 2 to C and 3 to A.
T: Good. Now, please look at the screen. Here are more jokes on it. Read them and enjoy them. If you have some troubles in understanding, discuss, or ask me.
Give the students some time to read the jokes.
Patient: Doctor, I’ve lost my memory.
Doctor: When did this happen?
Patient: When did what happen?
Anisha: Thank you doctor. My fever is gone.
Doctor: Don’t thank me. Thank god.
Anisha: Then I’ll pay the fees to god.
A man with two red ears went to see his doctor.
Doctor: What happened to your ears?
Man: I was ironing a shirt and the phone rang but instead of picking up the phone, I accidentally picked up the iron and stuck it to my ear.
Doctor: Oh Dear! But ... what happened to your other ear?
Man: The scoundrel (恶棍) called back!
T: Funny?
Ss: We’re laughing to death!
T: Don’t do that, another joke is waiting for you. Please read the neat joke on Page 22. And then finish the question followed.
Give the students three minutes to do it.
T: Now decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reason.
S12: I find the first kind jokes are easier to understand.
S13: Those jokes on the screen are the funnies ones, I think.
S14: We must understand the background of the funny story at first, and then we can know what a humor Sherlock Holmes was. I think to understand this kind of jokes needs wisdom to understand. We must know that he was a detective, so he was always thinking of the things such as stealing.
T: What you said is reasonable. Now let’s listen to the tape, pay attention to the intonation, and try to bring out the humorous meaning.
If time permits, the teacher can ask some students to act out the jokes.
Step IV Speaking
T: Now, we’ve learned some jokes and listened to some too. How about speaking out what you feel funny in class? I’ll give you five minutes to prepare this task, and then ask some of you to tell us your story. There are some steps for you to finish the task. If you think they are useful, follow them.
Five minutes later.
S15: My story is one day Lian Hong was standing by the window, talking with other students. Ren Xinglian came up. She wanted to make a joke with Lian and gave her a surprise. So she rushed towards Lian and kicked her at the same. But to all of us surprise, Ren slipped on the floor! Everybody laughed to bend their backs, me too.
T: Me too! OK, this class is full of joy. We know that in our life, there are full of happiness, sorrows, boredoms, and joys. When we meet with sorrows or boredoms, don’t forget to read these jokes. Maybe they can bring you sunshine. Am I right?
Ss: Yes. Thank you.
Step V Homework
T: Today’s homework is to preview the Reading material and finish the Comprehending ahead. And I have a wish that at the beginning of each class, one of our classmates can give us a joke, to bring smile into the classroom. Do you agree?
Ss: That’s a good idea.
T: Let’s begin from Group one. One of you will tell a joke to us at the beginning of next class. Don’t forget it. Ok, class is over. See you next time.
Ss: See you.
Period Three Grammar & Writing
v．-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
【语法导图】
【要点精析】
一、v.-ing形式作表语
1．表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。这种用法doing形式和名词基本相当，称为动名词(短语)。
My job is teaching you English.
(＝Teaching you English is my job.)
我的工作是教你们英语。
My favorite sport is swimming.(＝Swimming is my favorite sport.)
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
2．表示主语的某种性质和特征，词义含有“令人……的”，这时可看作形容词，称为现在分词(短语)。
The story she told us was very interesting.
她给我们讲的这个故事很有趣。
The news is quite shocking.这个消息很令人震惊。
二、v.-ing形式作定语
1．表示被修饰名词的用途，这种用法称为动名词。
We are not allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里不准我们大声说话。
If you want to smoke，you may go to the smoking room.
如果你确实想吸烟，可以去吸烟室。
2．表示所修饰名词的动作或状态。当doing单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；
如果是doing短语作定语，则放在该名词后，相当于定语从句。这种用法称为现在分词(短语)。
Make less noise.There's a sleeping child.
(a sleeping child ＝ a child who is sleeping )
少弄出点噪音，有个孩子在睡觉。
The men working here are all from the rural areas.
(the men working here ＝ the men who are working here)
在这里工作的那些人都来自农村。
三、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语
v．-ing形式作宾语补足语时，称为现在分词，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。主要用于以下两类动词之后：
1．感官动词，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。
I felt the house shaking.
我觉得房子在晃动。
She saw our teacher making the experiment.
她看到我们的老师在做实验。
【特别提醒】 在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行，用省略to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw a boy getting on the bus.(表示动作正在进行)我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。
I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了)
我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。
2．使役动词，如have，keep，leave，get，set 等。
注意：let，make 不用现在分词doing 作宾语补足语。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
对不起，让你久等了。
You shouldn't keep your lights burning in the day.
你白天不应该开着灯。
This sets me thinking.
这使我思考。
[即时跟踪]
Ⅰ.根据汉语完成句子
1．讲座于昨晚7点开始，接下来是用望远镜观测月球。
The lecture，______at 7：00 pm last night，was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
2．约翰的确得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。
John has got the job because he showed me the official letter ______ him it.
3．我抬起头，看到一条蛇为了捕食早餐，正在蜿蜒着向树上爬行。
I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
4．听！你听见有人求救了吗？
Listen！Do you hear someone ______for help?
5．交通规则规定年轻的在四岁以下并且重量少于40磅的孩子们一定坐在安全椅上。
The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
答案 1.starting 2.offering 3.winding 4.calling
5．weighing
Ⅱ.根据汉语，用括号内提示词完成句子
1．When I caught him ______(欺骗我)，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(cheat)
2．The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with ______(翘着二郎腿)waiting for praise from the teacher.(cross)
3．Don't respond to any e-mails______(询问)personal information，no matter how official they look.(ask)
4．With ______(学生们坐下)in the hall，the visiting professor delivered an impressive speech on the art of language.(sit)
5．The lawyer listened with full attention，______(尽力不失去)any point.(miss)
6．When she came back to life，she______(发现自己躺在)the entrance to a valley.(lie)
7．______(这个消息让人震惊)，and there was a frightened look on her face.(shock)
8．The hotel ______(正在修建的)now was designed by a group of young men.(build)
9．The main job of the young nurse is______(照看)the old patient.(look)
10．Snow was falling when they went along a path ______(通向)the mountain.(lead)
答案 1.cheating 2.his legs crossed 3.asking for/that ask for 4.(all)the students sitting down 5.trying not to miss 6.found herself lying at 7.The news was shocking 8.(which is) being built 9.looking after 10.leading to/which led to
并列连词的使用
并列连词主要是用来表示并列关系、选择关系、因果推理关系、转折关系等。也可用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。
常见的并列连词如下：and和both...and...二者都；either...or...或者……或者……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；as well as也，连同；not only...but(also)．..不但……而且……；but但是；yet然而；still仍然；while然而；or或者；or else否则；otherwise否则；so，for，then，therefore。
[语境感悟]
1．We should keep not only calm but also patient.
2．We ought to understand and love our parents from the bottom of our hearts.
3．Cooperation can not only help us out of trouble but also bring us much happiness.
4．Trust me and you will be rewarded.
5．I join the basketball team，where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body.
[即时跟踪1]
1．珍和吉姆对流行音乐都很感兴趣。
______________________________
2．她不但和蔼而且诚实。
___________________________
3．北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。
____________________
4．不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这件事。
_________________________
5．这里的空气受到了污染，所以庄稼快死了。
________________________
答案 1.Both Jane and Jim are interested in pop music.
2．She is not only kind but also honest.
3．The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.
4．Neither you nor I nor anyone else believes such things.
5．The air here is polluted，so the crops are dying.
[即时跟踪2]
请根据下表中的内容写一篇短文。
姓名
杨振宁
性别
男
国籍
美籍华人
出生地
安徽
出生日期
1922年9月22日
续表
职业
物理学家
教育背景
清华大学研究生；美国芝加哥大学博士
简介
1950年在美国结婚，婚后有两子一女，均在美国安家立业
1957年和李政道一起获得诺贝尔物理学奖
1998年起任清华大学教授
2004年12月从美国回国并定居清华园，在清华大学教授物理
获得多种荣誉，是许多大学的荣誉教授
注意：1.所写短文应包括所有要点；
2．开头已给出，不可逐字翻译。
Yang Zhenning，a Chinese American physicist，was born
_____________________________________________
【参考范文】
Yang_Zhenning，a_Chinese_American_physicist，was_born on September 22,1922，in Anhui Province in China.After receiving his master's degree in Tsinghua University，he got his doctor's degree in America's Chicago University.He got married in 1950 and has two sons and a daughter，all of whom have built their homes in America.In 1957，he and his partner Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize for physics.
Yang has been invited to be a professor in Tsinghua University since 1998.In December,2004，he returned to homeland from America and settled down in the university，beginning his teaching in Tsinghua.In all his life，he has been given lots of honours and titled as the honored professor for many universities.
课件21张PPT。人教版必修4Unit 3 A taste of English humourPeriod Ⅳ GrammaroutstandingchewskinbottomcontentAnswer key for Exercise 2:chew; astonished; bottom;
contented; particular; throughout;
failure; skin Grammar动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补
一、动词-ing形式作表语
动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。
我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。
Our greatest happiness is serving the people.（动名词）
我们的任务是建设社会主义。
Our task is building socialism. （动名词）我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。
The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词）
他的话很鼓舞人。
His words are encouraging. （现在分词）常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：（1）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。
（2）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very, rather等。二、动词-ing形式作定语
动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。
我们必须改进工作方法。
We must improve our working method. （动名词）
他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
They set up an operating table in a small temple.（动名词） 中国是发展中国家。
China is a developing country. （现在分词）
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
The student making the experiment is our monitor.（现在分词）全析提示：
动名词短语不能作定语，单个的动名词可以用作定语，但仅作前置定语。
如 working method=method for working 工作方法
2. 单个分词和分词短语都可作定语，单个分词一般作前置定语，分词短语则作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
如：the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan 访日的那个人。三、动词-ing形式作宾补
动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。例如：
我看见他正在上楼。
I saw him going upstairs.
我们看着她在过大街。
We watched her crossing the street.
我们听见她在房间里唱歌。
We heard her singing in her room。全析提示：接现在分析作宾语补足语的动词有feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, set, have, keep, start, leave, get catch等。
2. Mr Smith, ______ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.
tired; boring B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
解析：此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。tired, moved, interested excited等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受；tiring, moving, interesting, exciting等现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。句意为“史密斯先生对这个令人厌烦的讲话感受厌倦了，所以开始读起一本小说来”。1. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the bank of the lake.
missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
解析：missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是“失踪的”。 was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。高考链接3. When we watched the national flag ______ in the Olympic Games on TV, we raised a cheer.
A. rise B. being risen
C. raised D. being raised
解析：本题考查分词作补语，rise是不及物动词，先排除A、B两项，国旗是被人们升起的，应该用分词的被动形式，句意为：当看到电视中奥林匹克运动会上国旗正在被升起时，我们欢呼起来。4. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was ______ from the outside world.
cut out B. cut off
C. cut up D. cut through
解析：cut out的意思是“切下；删除”。cut off意思是“切断；使(人、城镇)孤立”。cut up的意思是“切碎”。cut through的意思是“穿越”。本句的意思是：他住院六个月感到似乎与外界隔绝了。5. We sat there, ______with what we listened to.
satisfying B . to satisfy
C. contented D. content
解析：本题考查动词用法。satisfied表示“感到满意的”，把A、B两项排除；content既是形容词，又是动词，be content with对……满足。6. The boy burst into tears ______ he saw his mother.
direct B. direction
C. directly D. directly when
解析：本题考查direct的用法，作动词时表示“导演；指示”；作副词时表示“径直地；直接地”，作形容词时是“直接的”；而directly表示“一……就”，相当于as soon as.Homework Make use of different learning resources to summarize the rule of v- ing forms.Period Three Grammar & Writing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It was years ago when I played in the final of an “under 12” tennis tournament in Vancouver，BC.In the final，I was up against a boy I had beaten a handful of times before without much resistance，so everything was lined up for another junior tournament victory.I ran into the trophies(奖杯) that were all perfectly lined up next to each other；one was for the winner and the other was for the finalist.
There was just one problem—the finalist trophy was much nicer than the winner trophy；although the winner’s trophy was bigger，the finalist one had this beautiful fake gold surrounding the entire trophy.I wanted it badly.
So I came up with a plan—I would fake an injury midway through the match.That way I wouldn’t let my father (who was my biggest fan to say the least) down too much，and I would have a great excuse if anybody asked how I lost.With the score at 4－4 in the first set，I found a perfect opportunity to fake my injury.I ran for a wide forehand and perfectly rolled over on my ankle and fell to the ground.
I patiently waited for my moment to take home that golden trophy that I had my eyes on all day long.
“DENNIS SIMSEK，PLEASE COME UP TO THE PODIUM AND RECEIVE YOUR TROPHY.”
It was right at that moment that I leaped off the couch and confidently walked up to the podium.To this day I’ll never forget the look on everyone’s face as I turned around to face them—they were looks of complete and utter confusion.The worst part of it all was that my dad was in the crowd as well.He knew exactly what was going on，and he started to walk towards me and with a quiet voice whispered into my ear，“I’ll go get the car started.” That was my signal to get out of there and never return...
1．We know from the first paragraph that the author .
A．was not confident about the coming match
B．didn’t want to play the game at all
C．could win the match easily
D．was eager for the winner trophy
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，作者的对手被作者轻松打败过好几次，因此他可以很容易赢得比赛。
2．Why did the author fake an injury midway through the match?
A．To avoid being beaten.
B．To comfort the other player.
C．To get the finalist trophy.
D．To prepare for a more important match.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，作者在比赛中假装受伤都是因为想得到finalist trophy。
3．How did the author’s father feel after watching his match?
A．Pleased. B．Angry.
C．Confused. D．Discouraged.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知，作者的父亲明白作者所做的一切，因此会为作者不诚实的举动感到生气。
4．The underlined word “leaped” in the last paragraph probably means “ ”．
A．jumped B．fell
C．kept D．took
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。分析语境可知，作者十分渴望得到finalist trophy，因此跳下长凳去领奖。
B
Britain’s most popular lie has been discovered，with one in four people admitting using “Sorry，I had no signal” when returning a missed mobile phone call，a survey found.
According to a recent survey people usually use this little white lie after they hit the “ignore” button when their mobile rang.The second most common lie is “I haven’t got any cash on me” when asked for money by beggars.Modern technology is a major excuse in many of our lies with “I didn’t get your text” in 18th.“Our server was down” in 20th and “My battery died” in 26th place.
Researchers found the average Briton tells on average four lies every day or almost 1,500 every year.One in three Britons have lied about their weight，a quarter have lied about the amount of debt they are in and 30 percent have bent the truth about the amount of exercise they do.
Almost a quarter of men have told their wife or girlfriend they look good in an outfit，despite thinking the opposite.More than 40 percent of women have admitted lying about how much new clothes actually cost while 30 percent have lied about how much they’ve had to drink.
Three quarters of people think women are better liars.The research found 46 percent of girls have been caught lying，compared to 58 of men.Men tell the most lies，coming out with five every day compared to women who lie just three times.
A spokesman for one poll，which carried out the research of 4,300 adults，said，“As a nation we are obsessed with trying to be nice and not upsetting people.Often little white lies are used to cover what we actually want to say.”
“Most of these were considered either completely harmless or necessary depending on the situation in which they are delivered.” He added，“It was sad to see a string of compliments in the top 50，but once again in many cases perhaps it is better to compliment with a lie than destroy someone with the truth.”
5．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Most Popular British Lies
B．British People Like to Lie
C．The Reasons British People Lie
D．Technology Makes Us Lie
答案 A
解析 标题概括题。文章开头介绍一项研究针对英国人生活中常见的谎言进行了研究和分析，故A项“最流行的英国谎言”为最佳标题。
6．According to the research，what do women most frequently lie about?
A．Their weight.
B．The amount of their debt.
C．Their drinking habits.
D．The cost of their clothing.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，研究人员发现，大部分女人会就买的衣服的价格撒谎。
7．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the research?
A．Three quarters of women are better liars.
B．Men lie more often than women.
C．More men are better liars than women.
D．More women lie than men.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，研究发现，相比46%的女人被发现撒谎，58%的男人也被发现撒谎。由研究结果可知，男人比女人更经常撒谎。
8．The underlined phrase “obsessed with” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to .
A．very concerned with B．surprised about
C．opposed to D．not interested in
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第六段最后一句“我们常用善意的小谎言掩盖真正要说的话。”以及第七段可以推知，此处表达“想要对人友善，不愿别人难受”的意思，故A项“关心”与画线词意思最为接近。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Tom：I just heard that our school will hold a singing contest 1.in 5 days.
Ann：And you are planning to take part in it?
Tom：Of course.This is a great chance for me to show off my beautiful 2.voice.
Ann：Is there a prize?
Tom：3.Some say that the winner will get an iPad mini，while others say it’s an MP5 player.But it’s unimportant for me.What I want is 4.that my voice can be heard and loved by 5.more(many) people in our school.
Ann：So do you think you have a chance to win?
Tom：A chance？Not just a chance.I’m a hundred percent certain.Everyone 6.hearing(hear) my singing says it’s beautiful，you know.Therefore，I must be 7.the person to win.
Ann：But you haven’t practiced all that much.
Tom：I still have 5 days 8.to practise(practise)．It’s in the bag!
Ann：Don’t be too sure.Get some provisional training，9.and you’ll find it’s of great help.
Tom：Yes，you’re right.I’m considering 10.asking(ask) Mr White to teach me after class.
Ⅲ.短文改错
Dear Bob，
It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me to know about your beautiful city.Now I’d like to tell you anything about my hometown Hui Zhou.
The city stand on the bank of the Xi Zhi River，that is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing rapid in the past ten years with new factories，house and roads built.More schools and hospitals are available for its people.However，there is still some problems，such as water or air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours.In my opinion，Hui Zhou should develop it’s economy scientifically and the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have an better hometown in future.
Yours，
Xiao Hua
答案
Dear Bob，
It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me to know about your beautiful city.Now I’d like to tell you about my hometown Hui Zhou.
The city on the bank of the Xi Zhi River， is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing in the past ten years with new factories， and roads built.More schools and hospitals are available for its people.However，there still some problems，such as water air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours.In my opinion，Hui Zhou should develop economy scientifically and the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have better hometown in future.
Yours，
Xiao Hua
Ⅳ.书面表达
假设你叫李华，你班将举行用英语讲故事比赛。请根据下图写一篇100词左右的短文参加比赛。
参考范文
In the geography class，Mr.Smith calls Tom to come to the front.He says angrily to Tom，“I asked each of you to draw a map of the world after class yesterday.Why are you the only one who didn’t hand in your homework？”Hearing this，Tom feels very sorry，and he says nothing.Then Mr. Smith asks him to give the reason for not doing his homework.Tom replies that he is afraid.Mr. Smith wonders what Tom is afraid of.Tom answers that he is afraid that he might change the world in his map.His answer surprises Mr. Smith.
课件27张PPT。人教版必修4Unit 3 A taste of English humourUsing LanguageThere are thousands of jokes which use “play on words”. They are funny because one does not understand the other.play on wordstongue twistersjokespunriddles… …Tongue Twisters Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?
你能够像罐头工人一样装罐头吗？
2. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won’t wish the wish you wish to wish.
我希望梦想着你梦想中的梦想，但是如果你梦想着女巫的梦想，我就不想梦想着你梦想中的梦想。 Pun is an amusing use of a word or phrase
that has two meanings, or of words with the
same sound but different meanings. 1.Policeman: You can’t park here.
Driver: Why not?
Policeman: Read the sign.
Driver: I did. It says “Fine for parking!” So I
parked. 2. He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.
其中的grave有两个含义，一个是“严肃的”(形容词)，一个是“坟墓”(名词)，
因此这句话的意思是：
他不是一个严肃的人，除非他躺到坟墓里才能严肃起来。
3. They pray for you today and prey on you tomorrow.
其中的pray(祈祷)和prey(捕食)，发音相同，外形相似，
因此这句话的意思是：
他们今天为你祈祷，明天就会加害于你。1. No sooner spoken than broken. What is it?
2. The man who invented it doesn't want it. The man who bought it doesn't need it. The man who needs it doesn't know it. What is it? Riddle: a difficult and often amusing
question to which one must guess the answer(Silence)(A coffin)3.What kind of dog can never bite and bark?4.What is black when it is clean and white when it is dirty?JokesRead the 3 jokes which use “ play on words” to amuse us and match the joke with the explanation on P22.C: What’s that fly doing in my soup?
W: Swimming. I think! punchline(B) 2. C: What’s that?
W: It’s bean soup.
C: I don’t want to know what it’s been. I want to know what it is now. been？？3. C: Waiter. Will the pancakes be long?
W: No, sir. Round.shape？？(C) (A) Now let’s enjoy a funny story together.One day a man called a taxi company for a taxi to take him to the airport from his house. He waited but it did not arrive.
So he called again. The girl said, “I’m sorry the taxi hasn’t come, but don’t worry as the plane is always late.”
“Well, it certainly will be this morning,” the man said, “because I happen to be flying it!”whenwherewho…situationdevelopment
What happened?punchline3 elements of a funny storypunchlinedevelopmentsituationtime; place; the characters; background informationHow is the story going on?Sherlock Holmes & Watson1.Is there anything
wrong with their camping?Fast reading2.What happened
actually?Someone has stolen their tent.3.What question did Sherlock Holmes ask Doctor Watson?When you look at that beautiful sky,what do
you think of?Careful readingWhen and where did the story happen?2. How did they find that their tent was stolen?3. Which sentence do you think is the
funniest?When and where did the story happen?
One evening when there were stars in the sky.
In a mountainous area, in the open air.★SituationWhen, where, who…2. How did they find that their tent was stolen?A question by SherlockWatson: short and long life Repeat againSmall human being and vast skyRepeat againCold universe and warm peopleSomeone has stolen our tent!★development3. Which sentence do you think is the funniest?“You should be thinking someone has stolen our tent!”★PunchlineAfter reading the funny story, what kinds of persons do you think they are?
Sherlock Holmes:
Doctor Watson:
Carelessness may cause many funny stories in our daily life. carefulcarelessa long dialogueSherlock: Watson, when you look at that beautiful
sky, what do you think of?Watson: I think of how short life and how long
the universe has lasted.
…Imagining you are Sherlock and Watson, act the dialogue out with your partner vividly. SpeakingSuggested dialogue
Narrator: Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area. They were lying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looks up at the stars.
Sherlock Holmes (whispering): Watson,
when you look at that beautiful sky,
what do you think of?
Watson: I think how short life is and how
long the universe has lasted.Sherlock Holmes: No, no, Watson. What do you really think of?
Watson: I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.
Sherlock Holmes: Try again.
Watson: I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.
Sherlock Holmes: Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent! Review the reading materials in this unit.Homework Period Two Integrating Skills
Ⅰ.课文理解
1．In the second dialogue，the customer in fact means that .
A．he doesn’t know what it is now
B．he is not satisfied with the soup
C．he doesn’t hear clearly what the waiter says
D．he mistakes “bean” for the word “been”
答案 B
2．Which statement is WRONG according to the story?
A．They spoke loudly.
B．They were lying in the open air.
C．They were looking at the sky.
D．It was at night.
答案 A
3．Why did Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson go to a mountainous area?
A．Because they went to look at the beautiful sky.
B．Because they went camping.
C．Because they went there for treasures.
D．Because they wanted to tell stories.
答案 B
4．Watson tried times to answer Holmes’ question.
A．5 B．3 C．4 D．2
答案 B
5．From the story we can know that .
A．Sherlock Holmes was cleverer than Doctor Watson
B．Doctor Watson was cleverer than Sherlock Holmes
C．Doctor Watson was quite honest
D．Doctor Watson thought in an ordinary way while Sherlock Holmes in a funny way
答案 D
Ⅱ.阅读理解
When Joan gave birth to the first boy in her family in three generations，she and her husband were overjoyed.So were her parents.Joan expected her elder sister，Sally，to be just as delighted as them.Joan had always admired Sally—the beauty and the star of the family—and felt happy about her achievements.
But since the baby’s arrival，the sisters have become distant.Joan feels hurt for Sally seems completely uninterested in her baby.Sally，who has no children，claims that her younger sister “acts as if no one ever had a baby before.”
Neither Sally nor Joan understands that the real cause of the current coldness is that their family roles have suddenly changed to the opposite.Finally Joan seems to be better than her elder sister—and Sally doesn’t like it！Their distance may be temporary，but it shows that childhood competition don’t fade easily as ages grow.It can remain powerful in relationships throughout life.
In a study of the University of Cincinnati,65 men and women between ages 25 and 93 were asked how they felt about their brothers and sisters.Nearly 75 percent admitted having hidden competitive feelings.In a few cases，these emotions were so strong as to have affected their entire lives.
Many adult brothers and sisters are close，supportive—yet still tend to compete.Two brothers I know turn into killers when on opposite sides of a tennis net.Off the court，they are the best of friends.My own younger sister can’t wait to tell me when I’ve put on weight.However，she’s a terrible cook and that pleases me；I tease her when she comes to dinner.Happily，despite these small failings，we have been an important resource for each other.
In between the very competitive and the generally supportive children lie those who say that no friendship should survive.Some brothers and sisters stay at arm’s length，but never give up competition completely.Why do these puzzling，unproductive，often painful relationships continue to exist?
1．When Joan’s son was born，Sally .
A．felt very happy B．was undelighted
C．moved away D．admired her a lot
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“...Sally seems completely uninterested in her baby.”可知选B。
2．What happens to children’s desire to compete with their brothers and sisters?
A．It sometimes will disappear when they grow up.
B．It will never disappear throughout life.
C．It will improve their relationships when they grow up.
D．It will never harm their relationships when they grow up.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句中的“...it shows that childhood competition don’t fade easily as ages grow.It can remain powerful in relationships throughout life.”知选B。
3．What can we learn about the two brothers?
A．They wanted to kill each other.
B．They played tennis against others.
C．They were enemies in their daily life.
D．They were very good friends.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第三句中的“...they are the best of friends.”知两个兄弟是好朋友，故选D。
4．The underlined sentence means that although some brothers and sisters .
A．live near each other，they still have competitions
B．live away from each other，they stop their competitions
C．live together，they often think of ending their competitions
D．live within a big family，they often try to end their competitions
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。根据画线前一句“In between the very competitive and the generally supportive children lie those who say that no friendship should survive.”可推出兄弟姐妹虽然住得很近，但是他们之间仍然存在竞争，故选A。
Ⅲ.阅读填空
A large number of people have a preference for bottled water，because they feel that tap water may not be safe. 1
Bottled water is mostly sold in plastic bottles. 2 Processing the plastic can lead the harmful chemicals into the water contained in the bottles.The chemicals can be taken in the body and cause physical discomfort.
3 Bacteria can increase in large numbers if the water is kept on the shelves for too long or if it is exposed to heat or direct sunlight.The information on storage and shipment is not always readily available to consumers. 4
Besides these safety problems，bottled water has other disadvantages.It contributes to global warming.About 2.5 million tons of carbon dioxide was produced in 2012 by the production of plastic for bottled water. 5 According to one research,90% of the bottles used are not recycled and lie for ages in landfills(填埋场)．
A．Do you like to drink bottled water?
B．But is bottled water really any better?
C．That’s why it possibly causes health problems.
D．The problem concerning bottled water remains to be settled.
E．Health risks can also result from unfit store of bottled water.
F．In addition，bottled water produces large amount of solid waste.
G．Because of this，bottled water may not be a better choice，compared to tap water.
答案 1.B 2.C 3.E 4.G 5.F
Ⅳ.完形填空
The following story took place long ago in Israel.One day when government officials were rebuilding barn(粮仓)，they found a mouse hole in a corner and used 1 to force the mice inside the hole to come out.A while later they indeed saw mice running out，one after another.
Then，everyone thought that all the mice had 2 .But just as they were about to clean up，they saw two mice squeezing out at the 3 of the hole.After some 4 the mice finally got out. 5 ，they did not run away immediately.Instead，one chased after the other.It seemed that one was trying to 6 the tail of the other.
Everyone was 7 ，so they stepped closer to take a look.They 8 that one of the mice was blind，and the other one was trying to 9 the blind mouse to bite on his tail so he could 10 the blind one with him to escape.
After 11 what happened，everyone was lost in thought.One serious Rome official said：“I think the relationship between those two mice was that of emperor and 12 .” The others thought for a while and said：“That was why！”
A smart Israeli said：“I think the relationship was husband and wife.” Again the others thought for a while，and all felt it made 13 ；so they agreed.Therefore，the Israeli’s expression showed 14 .
A Chinese，who was accustomed to the firm tradition of 15 to parents，said：“I think their relationship was that of mother and 16 .” Once again the others thought for a while，and felt this was more reasonable.So they agreed yet another time.Therefore，the face of the Chinese 17 professional modesty.
At that moment，one pure minded Samaritan looked at other people，and asked：“Why did those two mice have to have a certain relationship？”
Suddenly，the atmosphere 18 .The group looked back at the Samaritan and remained speechless.The Rome official，the Israeli and the Chinese who had spoken earlier all lowered their heads in 19 .
In fact，the true love is not 20 on benefit，friendship and loyalty or blood relationship.Instead，it is based on no relationship.
1．A.water B．gas
C．smoke D．fire
答案 C
解析 water水；gas气；smoke烟；fire火。根据下文内容可知，此处表示人们试图用烟雾来把老鼠逼出洞。故选C。
2．A.died B．escaped
C．left D．removed
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“got out”“run away”和“escape”可知，此处表示人们都认为所有的老鼠都跑了出来。故选B。
3．A.gate B．sight
C．moment D．exit
答案 D
解析 句意为：但当烟雾散去时，人们看到还有两只老鼠挤在老鼠洞的出口处。根据语境可知，此处表示在洞的出口。故选D。
4．A.attempt B．discovery
C．conduct D．encouragement
答案 A
解析 attempt尝试；discovery发现；conduct指挥；encouragement鼓励。句意为：在尝试了好几次后，它们终于出来了。故选A。
5．A.Strangely B．Interestingly
C．Fortunately D．Extremely
答案 A
解析 strangely奇怪地；interestingly有兴趣地；fortunately幸运地；extremely极端地，非常。句意为：奇怪的是，它们并没有立刻逃走，故选A。
6．A.sting B．bite
C．snatch D．exploit
答案 B
解析 sting叮，刺；bite咬；snatch抢夺；exploit剥削。根据下文中的“...the blind mouse to bite on his tail...”可知，此处表示其中一只老鼠试着咬住另一只的尾巴。故选B。
7．A.amused B．fascinated
C．speechless D．puzzled
答案 D
解析 amused愉快的，被逗笑的；fascinated着迷的；speechless说不出话的；puzzled疑惑的。句意为：在场的人都很困惑。因此他们都走得近一点想去看清楚。根据语境可知，看到这种场景的人们应该是迷惑的。故选D。
8．A.supposed B．realized
C．predicted D．assumed
答案 B
解析 句意为：他们意识到其中一只老鼠是瞎的。realize意为“意识到”，符合语境。故选B。
9．A.encourage B．stimulate
C．allow D．invite
答案 C
解析 句意为：另一只老鼠试着让那只瞎老鼠咬住自己的尾巴。allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许/让某人做某事让某人做某事”，符合语境。故选C。
10．A.pull B．help
C．lead D．defend
答案 A
解析 句意为：这样他就可以将瞎老鼠拽出洞。pull意为“拖，拉”，此处表示把瞎老鼠拽出来，符合语境。故选A。
11．A.reviewing B．sharing
C．spotting D．witnessing
答案 D
解析 句意为：在目睹了所发生的一切之后，每个人都陷入了沉思。根据语境可知，每人都看到了这个场景。witness意为“目睹”，符合语境，故选D。
12．A.queen B．prince
C．minister D．maid
答案 C
解析 根据下文可知，说话人认为两只老鼠是主仆关系。emperor and minister表示皇帝和大臣，即主仆关系。故选C。
13．A.difference B．way
C．reason D．sense
答案 D
解析 根据上文内容及下文“so they agreed”可知，此处表示说得通。make sense意为“有意义，讲得通”，符合语境。故选D。
14．A.self confidence B．self satisfaction
C．self control D．self assessment
答案 B
解析 self confidence自信；self satisfaction自我满足，沾沾自喜；self control自我控制；self assessment自我评估。句意为：因此，以色列人的表情显示出他的沾沾自喜。根据上文内容可知，大家同意了他的观点，因此他应该是沾沾自喜的。故选B。
15．A.loyalty B．bond
C．devotion D．commitment
答案 A
解析 loyalty忠诚，忠心；bond结合(物)，结合力，黏合；devotion献身，奉献，忠诚；commitment承诺，许诺，委任，委托。句意为：一个中国人，他习惯于对父母忠诚的传统。loyalty to意为“对……忠诚”，符合语境。故选A。
16．A.daughter B．father
C．grandma D．son
答案 D
解析 根据上文的“parents”及上下语境可知，此处 应该表示母子关系。故选D。
17．A.surveyed B．signed
C．conveyed D．flooded
答案 C
解析 survey调查；sign签名，签字；convey传达，传递，运送，输送；flood涌出，淹没。根据“the face”可知，此处表示“展现出，传达出”。故选C。
18．A.transformed B．exchanged
C．froze D．faded
答案 C
解析 根据下文中的“remained speechless”可以推断出，此处表示“气氛瞬间凝固了”，freeze意为“冻结，停住”，符合语境。故选C。
19．A.shame B．relief
C．astonishment D．pride
答案 A
解析 根据本句中的“lowered their heads”可知，此处表示“他们都羞愧地低下了头”。shame意为“羞愧，惭愧”，符合语境，故选A。
20．A.founded B．established
C．depended D．measured
答案 B
解析 句意为：事实上，真正的爱不是建立在利益，友谊，忠诚或血缘关系上的。establish意为“建立”，符合语境。故选B。
