2015中考英语复习教案　动词和动词短语

2015中考英语复习教案　
　动词和动词短语
【名题实战】
1．—I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours
—Yes，you __A__．(2014，安徽)
A．can　　　B．must　 　C．could　 　D．should
2．Mum，what are you cooking？It __D__ so sweet.(2014，安徽)
A．tastes B．feels C．sounds D．smells
3．As time __A__，you' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2014，安徽)
A．goes by B．runs out
C．takes off D．turns up
4．Rose finished her s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudy in the university and went to __D__ a good job.(2014，安徽)
A．take after B．look after
C．care for D．search for
5．I will meet Jane at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the station.Please __C__ what time she will arrive.(2013，安徽)
A．count B．choose C．check D．catch
6．It is helpf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ul to __C__ a good habit of reading in language learning.(2013，安徽)
A．take B．show C．develop D．match
7．The people in Ya' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an have met lots of difficulties，but they haven't __B__ hope.(2013，安徽)
A．picked up B．given up
C．looked for D．waited for
8．You __B__ drive your car so fast.It's very dangerous.(2013，安徽)
A．wouldn't B．shouldn't
C．couldn't D．mightn't
9．To protect the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )environment，supermarkets don't __C__ free plastic bags for shoppers.(2012，安徽)
A．take B．show C．provide D．carry
10．There's enough ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) time for you to go to the airport.You __B__ hurry now.(2012，安徽)
A．should B．needn't C．must D．can't
11．—Smoking is bad for your health.
—You're right.I decide to __D__．(2012，安徽)
A．take it down B．find it out
C．turn it off D．give it up
【考点梳理】
从以上考题可以看出，安徽中考近五年来对动词的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查力度一直很大，并一直是考查的重点，特别是行为动词的辨析、连系动词的辨析，几乎每年都会涉及。情态动词和动词短语是每年的必备考点，因此在复习时，考生要重点从行为动词、连系动词、情态动词及短语动词几个方面着手，同时兼顾助动词的用法。
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加 s或 es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。
规则变化 动词
原形 第三人称单数
形式及读音
一般在动词词尾加 s( s在清辅音后读/s/， s在浊辅音后读/z/) work
grow works/s/
grows/z/
以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾的动词加 es( es读/iz/，o后的 es读/z/) guess
mix
finish
catch
go guesses/iz/
mixes/iz/
finishes/iz/
catches/iz/
goes/z/
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加 s( s读/z/或/s/) write
like writes/z/
likes/s/
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加 es( ies读/iz/) study
carry studies/iz/
carries/iz/
以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加 s( s读/z/) play
say plays/z/
says/z/
②不规则变化的有have—has等。
2．现在分词的构成
规则变化 动词原形 现在分词
一般在动词后加 ing help
work helping
working
以不发音的字母e结尾的
动词，先去e再加 ing write
move writing
moving
以y结尾的动词，直接
加 ing play
study playing
studying
以重读闭音节结尾的动
词，先双写末尾的辅音
字母，再加 ing get
begin getting
beginning
以ie结尾的名词，一般
将ie改为y，再加 ing lie
die lying
dying
3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化
规则变化 动词原形 过去式，过去分词及其读音
一般在动词词尾加 ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读d，在t和d后读/id/) ask
answer
want
need asked— asked/t/
answered—answered/d/
wanted—wanted/id/
needed—needed/id/
以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加 d(读/d/) love
dance loved－loved/d/
danced－danced/d/
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加 ed(读/d/) try
study tried—tried/d/
studied—studied/d/
以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加 ed(读/d/) play
stay played—played/d/
stayed—stayed/d/
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/id/) stop
plan stopped—stopped/t/
planned—planned/d/
②不规则变化需单独记忆。
高频考向一　实义动词词义辨析
实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)
【例1】—I've lef ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t my keys in the meeting room.Please ________ them for me.
—All right.(2013，绍兴)
A．buy B．paint C．wash D．fetch
解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。
答案：__D__
【例2】—How's Bob now
—I hear the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )company______him a very good job，but he turned it down.(2014，武汉)
A．donated B．served C．offered D．introduced
解析：donate“捐赠”；serve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了”。
答案：__C__
【例3】He was wearing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a pair of sunglasses and I didn't______him at first.(2014，天津)
A．advise B．promise C．recognise D．hear
解析：advise“建议”；pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mise“承诺”；recognise“认出”；hear“听到”。由语境可知后半句句意为“我开始没认出他。”
答案：__C__
高频考向二　系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词。
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。
2．助动词。
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。
【例4】This kind of pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach looks really nice，but it______very sour.(2014，宁波)
A．tastes B．looks C．feels D．sounds
解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸”。taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”。
答案：__A__
【例5】—Do you like watching TV
—No，but my brother______．
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。
答案：__A__
高频考向三　情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could为can的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。
2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
②表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。
【例6】—Are you in a hurry
—No，I've got plenty of time.I______wait.(2014，盐城)
A．can B．can't C．must D．mustn't
解析：can“可能，能够”；can't“不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能”；must“一定，必须”；mustn't“不允许，禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间，我可以等。”
答案：__A__
【例7】—May I play computer games now，Mom
—No，you______finish your homework first.(2013，临沂)
A．must B．can C．could D．may
解析：must“必须”；ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n“能，可以”；could“能，可以”；may“可以，可能”。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？”“不能。”可知，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”，故用must，表示命令。
答案：__A__
【例8】—Must we clean the room at once
—No，you ______．You can do it after school.(2014，广安)
A．mustn't B．needn't C．can't
解析：对“Must we...？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you needn't.”或“No，you don't have to.”
答案：__B__
【例9】—Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann
—It______be her.She ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is giving a performance at the theater now.(2013，广东)
A．may B．must C．can't D．mustn't
解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；can't“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustn't表示“千万别，一定别”。
答案：__C__
高频考向四　动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over
③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)
④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
⑥be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about
2．初中阶段常用短语如下：
①look短语
look for寻找；look aft ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
②put短语
put off推迟；put on 穿上， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上演；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴
③turn短语
turn on打开；turn of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn…into…把……变成……
④get短语
get on/along(well) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从……)出去；get to到达；get together聚会
⑤take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起
⑥agree短语
agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事
⑦go短语
go over温习，复习；g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生
⑧come短语
come along一道来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油
⑨give短语
give up放弃；give off放出、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降
⑩make短语
make a decision作出决定；ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸
be短语
be friendly/kind to对…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着
call短语
call at拜访(后接地点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请
【例10】We should think of others if we want to ______hem.(2014，重庆)
A．get on well with B．hear of
C．get ready for D．hear from
解析：由语境可知句意为“如果想要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与别人相处融洽，我们应当多考虑别人”。get on well with“与某人相处融洽”；hear of“听说”；get ready for“准备”；hear from“收到某人来信”。
答案：__A__
【例11】—Oh，dear！Your room is untidy.
—Sorry，mom.I'll ______．(2014，云南)
A．set it up B．clean it up
C．put it up D．look it up
解析：set up“建立，设立”；clea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n up“打扫干净”；put up“张贴”；look up“查找”。由问句“你的房间不干净”可知，答句句意应为“我将去打扫干净”。
答案：__B__
【例12】Ann is going o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a tour of Xi'an，and she wants to______ Chinese history.(2013，江西)
A．dream of B．learn about
C．look through D．pass on
解析：dream of “梦到，梦 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。
答案：__B__
一、单项选择。
1．If you __C__ smoke，please go outside.(2014，杭州)
A．can B．may C．must D．might
2．Our school is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )planning to __B__ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.(2014，哈尔滨)
A．take up B．set up C．pick up D．turn up
3．She went to Hangz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hou by train last night.She __C__ be at home now.(2014，遵义)
A．must not B．may not C．can't D．shouldn't
4．It __A__ about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth.(2014，临沂)
A．takes B．spends C．costs D．pays
5．—I got a message ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) saying my phone number won a prize worth $3，000.(2014，宁波)
—Too good to be true.Don't __D__ it.
A．do B．hold C．make D．believe
6．The girl is great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly interested in the song.The lyrics of it __A__ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，白银)
A．express B．discuss C．expect D．imagine
7．I used to __D__ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.(2014，武汉)
A．show up B．wake up C．come up D．stay up
8．—How was the concert last night
—It was so g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood.Though it __C__ nearly four hours，few people left early.(2014，荆州)
A．covered B．reached C．lasted D．played
9．Spring has come ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).We can't __A__ the plan.The trees must be planted this week.(2014，安顺)
A．put off B．make up
C．come up with D．look up
10．—Jason，I can't get Sue on the phone.
—I'm seeing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her this afternoon.Do you want me to __A__ any message？(2014，湖州)
A．pass on B．find out
C．look up D．work on
11．Children __D__ sit in the front seat of a car.It's too dangerous.(2014，重庆)
A．need B．needn't C．must D．mustn't
12．—__B__ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.(2014，宁波)
—Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.
A．May B．Must C．Can D．Might
13．We __D__ pay to get into the concert.It's free.(2014，江西)
A．can't B．mustn't
C．might not D．don't have to
14．—Is the man over there Mr.Brown
—It __B__ him.He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup.(2014，黔西南)
A．may not B．can't be
C．shouldn't D．mustn't
15．—You can hardl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y imagine the pleasure of talking on the Wechat (微信)．(2014，哈尔滨)
—Really？But i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t __A__ cause you much trouble if somebody gets your personal information.
A．may B．need C．has to D．should
16．—This is quite a new phrase.(2014，武汉)
—Right.It has already __C__ the language.
A．spoken B．used C．entered D．covered
17．Recycling is good，so don't __D__ bottles or newspapers.(2014，江西)
A．find out B．hand in C．use up D．throw away
18．—iPhones and iPads are so popular these days.
—Yes，they can__B__our eyes to the outside world.(2014，乌鲁木齐)
A．turn up B．open up
C．call up D．think up
19．—May I go out now，Dad？(2011，安徽)
—No.You __D__ let your mother know first.
A．can B．may C．need D．must
20．The food here smells good，but what does it __A__ like？(2011，安徽)
A．taste B．touch C．seem D．feel
21．I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV.Would you please __A__？
A．turn it up B．turn it down
C．turn it on D．turn it off