2015中考英语复习教案　非谓语动词

2015中考英语复习教案　
　非谓语动词
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
【名题实战】
1．Kate，remember __A__ for the sick to cheer them up.(2014，成都)
A．to sing B．not to sing C．singing D．sing
2．Don't throw away the waste paper.It needs __B__．(2014，龙东)
A．to recycle B．recycling
C．recycle D．recycled
3．Granny often tells us __C__ water in our daily life.(2014，泰安)
A．save B．saving C．to save D．saves
4．—Do you have any difficulty in __D__ English
—Yes，but I try to make myself ______．(2014，咸宁)
A．to speak；understood B．speaking；understand
C．to speak；to understand D．speaking；understood
5．She used to __D__ a bus to school，but now she is used to ______o school.(2014，南充)
A．taking；walk B．take；walk
C．taking；walking D．take；walking
【考点梳理】
从近五年来的安徽中考题可以看出，没有对非谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语动词的考查。但非谓语动词作为一个重要的语法项目，考生在复习时还是需要练习这方面的习题，掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等的基本用法；对省略to的动词不定式如：help sb.(to) do sth.及动词不定式的否定形式也要熟悉。
高频考向一　不定式
1．构成：to＋动词原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式为：not to do。如：
The teacher tells me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的家庭作业。
2．动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
作主语
To help the old is our duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。
注意：动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。
①“It's＋ adj.＋ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of sb.＋不定式”表示“某人(做某事)……”。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词，常用的有good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。如：
It's kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。
②“It's＋ adj.＋for sb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).＋不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说……”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如：
It's dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说，爬上那个高树是危险的。
作表语
To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着并不是为了吃饭。
作宾语
常接不定式作宾语的动词有：deci ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de(决定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，hope(希望)，pretend(假装)，try(尽力)等。如：
I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。
作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sk(要求)，tell(告诉)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(帮助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀请)，encourage(鼓励)等。如：
Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.当她出去的时候，她叫我接电话。
作定语
动词不定式作定语时，常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语，且被修饰的名词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如：
He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾)
He has no friends to talk with.他没有可以与之交谈的朋友。(介宾)
注意：①当不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后的介词习惯省去。如：
He had no place to live(in)．他没地方住。
②有些名词常用不定式作定语。如：
a chance to go to school上学的机会
no time to think about rest没时间考虑休息
a way to learn(of learning)English学习英语的一种方法
作状语
They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)
他们跑过来欢迎我们。
Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果)
保罗激动得说不出话来。
I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)
很抱歉打扰你。
注意：有些动词不定式在使用时，要省去to。具体有：
①在动词let，feel，see，look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at，watch，have，make，notice，hear等动词后，动词不定式作宾语时，要省略to。但在变被动语态时，省略的to要加上。如：
I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在敲门。
We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。
②在would you p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lease，had better，why not，would rather等结构的句型后，要用不带to的不定式。如：
Would you please make your bed？请整理下你的床，好吗？
You'd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。
3．特殊疑问词＋动词不定式
能接不定式的疑问词有：what，which，how，who，when，where等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如：
I don't know what to do.我不知该做什么。
I don't know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做这事。
I don't know what to do about it.关于这件事，我不知该做些什么。
The question is who to go.问题是谁去。
【例1】 How kind you are！You always do what you can______others.
A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help
解析：动词不定式作状语。句意为“你总是尽你所能来帮助别人”。
答案：__D__
【例2】 My par ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents often tell me______too much junk food because it's bad for my health.
A．not eating B．not to eat
C．eating D．to eat
解析：tell sb.(not) to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do sth.意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”，动词不定式做宾语；由原因状语从句的句意“因为它对我的健康不利”可知，此处应用动词不定式的否定形式。
答案：__B__
【例3】 —Why are you so excited today
—We were told______a picnic this weekend.
A．have B．to have C．having D．had
解析：答语是一个被动语态的句子，结合选 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )项内容可知句意为“我们被告知这个周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，其被动形式为(sb.)be told to do sth.。
答案：__B__
【例4】 —Why is Linlin practicing speaking English
—______abroad for further study.
A．Go B．Gone C．To go D．Goes
解析：疑问词why用于提问原因，动词不定式结构可用来表示目的，回答原因。
答案：__C__
【例5】 Students should learn how______problem.
A．solve B．solving C．can solve D．to solve
解析：“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”在句中作宾语。
答案：__D__
高频考向二　动名词
动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：
Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用处。(主语)
My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。(表语)
She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。(宾语)
There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。(定语)
注意：(1)初中阶段常见的接动名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动词或动词短语有：enjoy(喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practice(练习)，mind(介意)，suggest(建议)，be busy(忙于)；be worth(值得)，can't help(禁不住)，give up(放弃)，be used to(习惯于)，stop/prevent/keep…from(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)；feel like(想要)；be good at(擅长)；be interested in(对……感兴趣)；succeed in(成功)等。
(2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：
①
②
③
④
⑤
【例6】 Isn't it stran ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge that the cat is used to______(lie)beside the dog peacefully
答案：__lying__
【例7】 It is worth__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____(mention)that Nanjing has entered Top 10 Appealing Chinese Cities.
答案：__mentioning__
【例8】 Would you mind______(turn) down the music？The baby is sleeping.
答案：__turning__
【例9】 Students in our class have finished______(read) the article.
答案：__reading__
一、单项选择。
1．—Tom，why are you in such a hurry
—Oh，my bike is broken.I'm going to have it __B__．(2014，龙东)
A．repairing B．repaired C．to repair
2．My old neighbor C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )harles enjoys __C__ photos.He always goes out with his camera.(2014，孝感)
A．take B．to take C．taking D．took
3．Tom's mother told him __B__ eating too much meat.(2014，黔西南)
A．stopping B．to stop C．stops D．stopped
4．Can you hear someone __C__ in the classroom？It is Mary.(2014，威海)
A．sing B．sings C．singing D．sang
5．Many students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are looking forward to __C__ a good time after the final exam.(2014，黔东南)
A．have B．had
C．having D．has
6．In order __A__ fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the meeting，my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.(2014，广东)
A．not to be late B．not being late
C．to be late D．being late
7．Read the instructions before __C__ the new machine.(2014，平凉)
A．use B．to use C．using D．used
8．The teacher spoke l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oudly in order to make the students __A__ her.(2014，六盘水)
A．hear B．hearing C．heard D．to hear
9．—Do you climb mountains every day
—Yes，__D__ a little exercise.I'm so out of shape.(2014，河南)
A．getting B．get C．got D．to get
10．—Exercising more is good for us.
—So，I'd rather ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __C__ an hour's walk to school than consider______a bus.(2014，黔南)
A．take；take B．taking；taking
C．take；taking D．taking；take