2015中考英语复习教案 形容词和副词

第25讲　形容词和副词
【名题实战】
1．If my friends have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) any problems，my door is __D__ open to them.(2014，安徽)
A．never　 　B．seldom　　C．sometimes D．always
2．—What was Jim wearing at the party
—Nothing __A__．He was in his usual shirt and jeans.(2013，安徽)
A．special B．simple
C．important D．interesting
3．—Our school bus wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l leave at 8 o'clock tomorrow.Don't be late.(2013，安徽)
—OK.I will be there ten minutes __D__．
A．sooner B．slower C．faster D．earlier
4．We lost the match b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecause they had __D__ players.They had eleven and we had only nine！(2012，安徽)
A．stronger B．younger C．fewer D．more
5．—You are relaxing yourself here？(2012，安徽)
—Yes.It feels __A__ to walk slowly along the river.
A．fantastic B．boring C．strange D．terrible
6．Mike hurt h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is back seriously and can __D__ get out of bed without help.(2012，安徽)
A．quickly B．easily C．nearly D．hardly
7．We felt __B__ whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race.(2011，安徽)
A．brave B．proud C．successful D．worried
8．Jack is good at drawing.I think no one draws __A__．(2011，安徽)
A．better B．best C．worse D．worst
9．—Did you find the small village yesterday
—Yes，without any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )difficulty，for it has __A__ changed over years.(2010，安徽)
A．hardly B．greatly C．clearly D．nearly
10．—It seems that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.(2010，安徽)
—Right.That's what she likes to do __C__．
A．more B．less C．most D．least
11．—Dad，it's such a long way from our home to the park!
—You mean it's __B__ to take a taxi？(2010，安徽)
A．popular B．necessary
C．possible D．important
【考点梳理】
从以上考题可看出，近五年来，安徽中考对形容词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和副词考查的频率很高。对形容词、副词的考查主要侧重词文辨析和比较级、最高级的用法。考生在复习时应注意熟记形容词、副词比较级的构成及用法，以及与频率相关的副词及副词短语的用法，特别要注意以 ed和 ing结尾的形容词的用法和区别。
高频考向一　形容词
作定语，一般放在所修饰词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的前面。但形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后；形容词修饰疑问代词时，也须放在其后。如：
It's a cold and windy day.这是个既寒冷又有大风的一天。
Would you like something hot to drink？你想要喝些热的东西吗？
What else can you see？你还能看见其他什么东西？
作表语，放在系动词的后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面。常见的系动词有be，become，get(变)，make(使)，turn(变)，keep(保持)，feel，look(看起来)，seem，smell，sound，taste。如：
He looks happy today.他今天看起来很高兴。
Silk feels soft.丝绸摸起来很软。
Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.夏天，牛奶容易变质。
作宾语补足语。形容词作宾补时，应放在宾语之后，表示宾语的性质、状态等。如：
He always makes us happy.他总是使我们高兴。
注意点：
①表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。如：
How long is the riv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er？It's about two thousand metres long.这条河有多长？大约2000米长。
②只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；alone独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的。如：
The man is ill.(正)
The ill man is my uncle.(误)
③貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的。如：
It's very kind of you to help me.你帮助我，真好。
It's not easy to learn a foreign language.学好一门外语不容易。
【例1】—That clothes store is______on weekends.
—I see.I'll go there next Monday then.(2014，重庆)
A．open B．close C．opened D．closed
解析：由答语“我将下周一去那儿”可知“那家服装店周末是关着的”。
答案：__D__
【例2】—Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever
—Yes.It sounds ______．(2014，济宁)
A．well B．loudly
C．sweet D．beautifully
解析：sounds在此作连系动词，意为“听起来”，后接形容词作表语，故排除B、D两项。well作形容词，意为“健康的”。
答案：__C__
【例3】Fred is alway ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s______because he often does something good for his health outdoors.(2013，莱芜)
A．weak B．nervous C．serious D．energetic
解析：由后半句句意“因为他经常在户外做一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些有益健康的事情”推知，前半句句意为“Fred总是精力充沛”。weak“虚弱的”；nervous“紧张的”；serious“严肃的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。
答案：__D__
高频考向二　副词
副词按性质和用途可分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词等。
①时间副词
通常用来表示动作发生的时间。常见的时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间副词有now，today，tomorrow，yesterday，before，late，early，never，seldom，sometimes，often，usually，always等。
②地点副词
通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )副词有here，there，inside，outside，home，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere，down，up，off，in，out等。
③方式副词
一般用来回答“怎样的”这类问题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，绝大部分由形容词词尾加 ly构成，少数与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有badly，carefully，proudly，suddenly，successfully，angrily，happily，slowly，warmly，wildly，well，fast，hard，alone，high，straight等。
④程度副词
多数用来修饰形容词和副词，少数用来修饰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词和介词短语。常见的程度副词有much，(a) little，a bit，very，so，too，enough，quite，rather，pretty，greatly，nearly，almost，deeply，hardly等。
⑤疑问副词
一般引导特殊疑问句。常见的疑问副词有how，when，where，why等。
几组常见副词的用法辨析。
①also，too，either
三者都表示“也”。also通常放在句中，位 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于系动词、情态动词或助动词后面，实义动词前面；too通常用在肯定句中，放在句末；either用在否定句中，放在句末。
②very与much
二者都可以表示“很”，但用法不同：very修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much修饰形容词和副词的比较级。
③ago与before
ago表示以现在为起点的一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时间以前，不能单独使用，必须和一些表示时间概念的短语搭配，常和过去时连用。before表示在过去或将来某个时间以前，也可以指“以前”，可单独使用，常与过去完成时、过去时、现在完成时连用。
④so与such
so修饰形容词或副词，表示“如此地”； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )such修饰名词，表示“如此的”。many，much，little，few＋名词，前面只能用so而不能用such修饰；such可以修饰a lot of＋名词。
⑤sometime，sometimes，some time与some times
sometime某一时间，某一时刻(可指将来，也可指过去)
sometimes有时，不时的
some time一段时间
some times几次，几倍
【例4】The baby is sleeping.Please speak ______．(2013，聊城)
A．loudly B．clearly C．quietly D．politely
解析：loudly意为“大声地，响亮地 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”；clearly意为“清楚地”；quietly意为“安静地，悄悄地”；politely意为“礼貌地”。句意为“那个宝宝正在睡觉，请悄悄地说”。
答案：__C__
【例5】—Can you catch what I said
—Sorry.I can______understand it.(2014，荆州)
A．almost B．probably C．nearly D．hardly
解析：almost“几乎；差不多”；pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )obably“大概；或许”；nearly“几乎；差不多”；hardly“几乎不”。由答语前半句“对不起”推知，后半句句意为“我几乎不能理解你说的”。
答案：__D__
【例6】—______ will you finish your homework，Kate
—In an hour.(2014，邵阳)
A．How soon B．How often
C．How long
解析：how soon“多久以后”；how ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )often“多久一次”；how long“多长时间”。由答句句意“一个小时后”可知此处是提问“多久以后”。
答案：__A__
高频考向三　形容词、副词等级的用法
1．形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成
①规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾加 er，est small
fast
quick smaller
faster
quicker smallest
fastest
quickest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词末尾加 r， st nice
fine nicer
finer nicest
finest
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加 er， est lonely
happy lonelier
happier loneliest
happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写末尾的字母再加 er， est hot
big
thin hotter
bigger
thinner hottest
biggest
thinnest
部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，most
interesting
tired more
interesting
more tired most
interesting
most tired
②不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill/badly worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far farther farthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
late later latest
③下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
原级 比较级 最高级
like(相似的，同样的) more like most like
real(真的) more real most real
tired(疲乏的) more tired most tired
pleased(高兴的) more pleased most pleased
often(经常) more often most often
2.形容词、副词等级的用法
原级的用法
①只能修饰原级的词：very，qui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te，so，too，rather。如：He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
②as...as...和……一样(中间用原级)
not as(so)．..as和……不一样(中间用原级)　如：Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。
This room is not so/as big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。
比较级的用法
①可以修饰比较级的词：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，even，still。
②...than...……比……
如：Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
③选择疑问句中，二选一时
如：Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个更大，地球还是月球？
④用比较级表示最高级的意思
如：The Yangtze River ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is longer than any other river in China.在中国，长江比其他任何一条河都长。
⑤“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”
如：He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。
⑥“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”
如：The more careful y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou are，the fewer mistakes you'll make.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。
⑦在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
如：The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。
⑧表示倍数的比较
如：This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大3倍。
最高级的用法
①形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略the。
②有范围(in，of，among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。
如：Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。
③“主语＋be＋one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。
④选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。
如：Which country i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
Which season do yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
⑤表示“第几个最……”时，用“the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词单数”的结构。
如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
【例7】 My grandpa told a good story，but I told a______one.(2013，河南)
A．good B．better C．best D．worse
解析：由前半句句意“我爷爷讲了一个好故事”可知，后半句句意为“但我讲了一个更好的”，两者比较用比较级。
答案：__B__
【例8】 —Many boy students think math is______English.
—I agree.I'm weak in English.(2014，镇江)
A．much difficult than B．so difficult as
C．less difficult than D．more difficult than
解析：A选项中much常用来修饰比较级 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，此处后面跟原级，故排除。B选项的结构常常用在否定句中，故排除。根据回答“I agree.I'm weak in English.”可推知前句意为“大多数男学生认为数学没有英语难”。
答案：__C__
【例9】 I'm sorry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I'm late.I should get here 10 minutes ________.(2013，河北)
A．early B．earlier
C．the earlier D．the earliest
解析：根据前句“I'm s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orry I'm late.(很抱歉我迟到了。)”可推知后句句意为“我应该早10分钟到达这儿。”指的是与现在相比较更早些，故用比较级。注意，除非明确指两者进行比较时，其中“较(更)……的一个”，或用在固定句式中，否则比较级前不能加the。
答案：__B__
【例10】 He looks much______without sunglasses.
A．well B．good C．best D．better
解析：much修饰形容词的比较级，表示比较的程度，意为“……得多”。句意为“不戴太阳镜，他看上去好得多。”
答案：__D__
一、单项选择。
1．Li Ke __B__ runs in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the morning，for he wants to be healthy.(2014，成都)
A．never B．often C．hardly D．seldom
2．Mona doesn't like ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king speeches.She feels __C__ talking in front of the class.(2014，湖州)
A．annoyed B．excited C．nervous D．surprised
3．—Do you enjoy Han Lei's songs
—Yes.He is the winner ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of I'm Singer Ⅱ.I can't think of anyone with a __A__ voice.(2014，南京)
A．better B．best C．more D．most
4．The fruits a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re __A__，because they were picked from the garden just now.(2014，台州)
A．fresh B．cheap
C．big D．unhealthy
5．—Is your headache getting __A__？
—No，it's worse.(2014，泰安)
A．better B．bad C．less D．well
6．—Which ocean is __B__，the Atlantic or the Pacific
—The Pacific.(2014，沈阳)
A．deep B．deeper
C．deepest D．more deeper
7．—Tom，are you __A__ boy in your class
—No，but John is.I'm shorter than him.(2014，滨州)
A．the tallest B．the shortest
C．the youngest D．the oldest
8．—As we know it's difficult to live in a foreign country.
—__D__ if you can't understand the language there.(2014，咸宁)
A．Exactly B．Naturally
C．Usually D．Especially
9．—Fred is studying Chinese in one evening school.
—Is that true？He has __D__ told me about it.(2014，安顺)
A．ever B．even C．already D．never
10．I've heard th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom is one of __D__ ocean parks in Asia.(2014，广东)
A．very large B．the larger
C．much larger D．the largest
11．Mike is ______，but his brother Sam is much __A__．(2014，宜宾)
A．heavy；heavier B．heavy；heaviest
C．heavier；heaviest D．heavier；the heaviest
12．______he mountain is，__C__ the air is.(2014，黔南)
A．The higher；the thinnest
B．Higher；thinner
C．The higher；the thinner
D．More higher；more thinner
13．He works______and feels __A__ every day.(2014，玉林)
A．hard；happy B．hardly；happily
C．hard；happily D．hardly；unhappily
14．It's snowing __B__，we can go out to make a snowman.(2014，贺州)
A．heavy B．heavily C．big D．quickly
15．—__C__ do you exercise
—Twice a week.(2014，泸州)
A．How long B．How much
C．How often D．How hard
16．You didn't know __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )C__ I wanted to see you.It's a year since I last saw you.(2014，威海)
A．how often B．how long
C．how much D．how far
17．I have a lovely room.It's the __C__ in the hotel.(2014，广州)
A．nice B．nicer C．nicest D．most nice
18．We don't want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) speak badly or __C__ in front of the class.(2014，天津)
A．clearly B．carefully C．carelessly D．properly
二、单词拼写。
19．Were you asleep or __awake__ (醒着的) at ten last night
20．The boy was so __lazy__ (懒惰的) that he never did his homework.
21．Nick's teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was __angry__ (生气的) because he fought with his classmate.
22．Jane is __busy__ (忙碌的)．She can't go to the movies with you.
23．Mom，I'm __hungry__ (饿的)．I want to eat something.
24．Sonia feels __nervous__ (紧张的) when she speaks in public.