2015中考英语复习教案 主谓一致

2015中考英语复习教案
　主谓一致
【名题实战】
1．—David has been away for more than 25 days.
—I miss him very much.You know，25 days __B__ short.(2014，黔南)
A．is B．isn't C．are D．aren't
2．The summer holiday ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are coming，so the twins as well as Jack __B__ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2014，黄石)
A．is going B．are going C．goes D．go
3．A lot of foreigners ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __C__ familiar with the famous places of interest in China.(2013，上海)
A．am B．is C．are D．be
4．How time flies！We'l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l graduate.Three years __C__ really a short time.(2013，遵义)
A．was B．are C．is
5．There __B__ many trees in front of my house now.(2013，北京)
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【考点梳理】
近五年来，安徽中考对主谓一致考查很少，几乎没有。但其作为初中语法知识的一个重点，我们仍需了解和掌握，以防2015年中考试题中会出现。
对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：
1．学科名词作主语；表示时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the＋姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；不定代词＋名词作主语，如both of，neither等。
2．主语后带有with，except，like，as well as等介词短语。
3．就近原则，如there be句型， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
高频考向一　语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词，或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
②不定代词either，neith ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。
③由each，each...and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) each...，every...and every...，every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
④主语后有with，along with，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ogether with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：
Mr.Green with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
⑤“a number o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。
⑥“a lot of(lots of， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。
⑦由“a pair(a kind，a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )series...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15双鞋。
⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves...)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
【例1】 We make it a r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ule that each of us ______he bedroom one day a week.
A．has cleaned B．have cleaned
C．cleans D．clean
解析：“each每一个”强调个体，故用第三人称单数； “one day a week 一周一天”则表明指频度，应用一般现在时。
答案：__C__
【例2】 ______hat pair of______a little cheaper？(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Is；glass B．Are；glass
C．Is；glasses D．Are；glasses
解析：a pair of后应接复数名词，其作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案：__C__
【例3】 The number of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) books in the bookshop is about 10，000 and a number of them______about science.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
解析：由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时；短语a number of作主语时，谓语动词应用复数。
答案：__C__
高频考向二　意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。
③集体名词(如family，team， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )crowd，company，class，group，government...)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
④people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？
【例4】 —How much ______he pair of shoes
—Twenty dollars______enough.
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are
解析：the pair of shoes的中心词是pair，则谓语动词用单数；把twenty dollars看成整体，则谓语动词也用单数。
答案：__A__
高频考向三　就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。
①由either...or...，neit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only my pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
【例5】 There______lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
解析：people是复数名词，则there be句型中谓语动词用复数，排除A和B；下文got为过去式，故主句也要用过去时。
答案：__D__
【例6】 ______ Lily___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.
A．Not only；but also B．Neither；nor
C．Both；and D．Either；or
解析：根据主谓一致原则可排除A项；由下文“他们中的一个必须待在家里”，可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你一起去”。
答案：__D__
【例7】 There______som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e flowers on the teacher's desk just now，but now there______nothing on it.
A．have；has B．were；has
C．were；is D．has ；has
解析：第一空应根据some flowers来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )确定谓语动词应用复数，just now表明是过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数，now表明一般现在时。
答案：__C__
一、单项选择。
1．This pair of pants______mine.Yours may __A__ on the bed.(2014，绥化)
A．is；be B．are；be C．are；are
2．There __A__ some milk and two eggs on the table.(2014，永州)
A．is B．are C．has
3．—Do you need more time to complete the task
—Yes.Another ten days __A__ enough.(2014，广东)
A．is B．was C．are D．were
4．Everyone except ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Tom and John __D__ there when the meeting began.(2013，威海)
A．are B．is C．were D．was
5．—Maths______my favourite subject，what about you？(2013，广安)
—Physics __A__．I think it's very interesting.
A．is；is B．are；are C．are；is
6．In our school lib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rary there______a number of books on science，and in these years the number of them __A__ growing larger and larger.(2013，安顺)
A．are；is B．is；are C．have；are D．has；is
7．No one __B__ swimming in such bad weather.
A．like B．likes C．liking D．liked
8．Diana，together with her friends，__C__ Chinese in China.
A．study B．have studied
C．studies D．are studying
9．— Both Li Lei and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Han Meimei __D__ fond of the TV program A bite of China (《舌尖上的中国》)．
—I am also deeply moved by its stories.
A．is B．am C．was D．are
10．—Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight
—I'd love to，but __C__ of us two has tickets.Do you have some
A．both B．all C．neither D．none
二、词汇运用。
11．Either Tom or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she __is__(be) going to the party next week.One of them must stay at home.
12．The actor and d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irector __is__(be) coming to give us a speech next weekend.(2013，兰州)
13．When I got there，they each __were_reading__(read) a book.
14．Neither of us __likes__(like) the storybook.
15．This pair of trousers __was_made__(make) by my aunt last year.
16．A football team often __has__(have) eleven players.
17．No one but my parents __knows/knew__(know) the truth.
18．Jim's family __enjoy__(enjoy) watching TV after supper.
19．Look！The class _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_are_doing__(do) morning exercises on the playground.
20．Twenty years __has__(have) passed since he left his hometown.