2024年中考英语总复习课件：题型突破（四）阅读理解课件（104张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2024年中考英语总复习课件：题型突破（四）阅读理解课件（104张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-25 21:29:27 | ||
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(共104张PPT)
2024年中考英语总复习课件
阅读理解
1 选择型阅读理解
考情速递
真题年份 2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年
A篇 活动通知 广告图表 广告图表 活动内容 课程表
B篇 人物故事 民间故事 人物故事 梦想 故事
C篇 文化艺术 节日介绍 动物介绍 冒险运动 游戏玩家职
业的利弊
D篇 健康科普 科技介绍 事物介绍 自然健康 用“心”看
E篇 — — 科普介绍 — —
题型分析
从近五年江西省中考A）部分选择型阅读理解的话题情况一览表中
可以看出，这一部分从2021年开始有了新的变化，2021年有5个话篇，
多了一个语篇，可是2022年和2023年又恢复成4个语篇，不过题量同
2021年一样，为18小题。我们通过表格来对比一下改革后2021年、2022
年和2023年阅读理解A）部分选择型阅读的语篇：
2023年 2022年 2021年
文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题
数
A篇 应用 文 活动 通知 3 应用文 广告 图表 3 应用文 广告 图表 3
B篇 记叙 文 人物 故事 5 记叙文 民间 故事 5 记叙文 人物 故事 3
C篇 说明 文 文化 艺术 5 说明文 节日 介绍 5 说明文 动物 介绍 4
2023年 2022年 2021年
文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题
数
D篇 说明 文 健康 科普 5 说明文 科技 介绍 5 说明文 事物 介绍 4
E篇 说明文 科普 介绍 4
续表
通过表格可以看出，相比2021年，2022年和2023年这两年的中考英
语试卷的阅读理解又进行了调整，在保持分值不变的前提下，减去了一
篇阅读理解，形成了3-5-5-5的题数设置。文体上这两年大致相同，篇章
词数没有增加，阅读量和语篇难度都有所降低。
A）部分选择型阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能
力和判断能力。要求学生能通过阅读短文,较快地获取其中的主要信息,
然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。结合
2021年、2022年和2023年的中考试卷，我们看下A）部分阅读常见的考
查方式:
2023年 2022年 2021年
题量 题量 题量
细节理解 5 6 7
推理判断 4 4 2
词义猜测 1 1 1
代词指代 1 1 1
事件排序 1 1 1
段落大意 2 1 1
主旨大意 1 1 1
写作意图 1 1 1
2023年 2022年 2021年
题量 题量 题量
标题归纳 1 1 1
还原句子 0 0 1
篇章结构 1 1 1
续表
命题点一 细节理解
通过表格，我们可以看出这类题在中考阅读中占比是最多的，但是
有逐年下降的趋势。这类题主要考查学生把握文章事实和细节的能力。
此类题是针对文章的细节设计的，答案基本都在文章里，通过找准文章
的关键信息我们就能准确地找到解题的关键。仔细审题不要被选项误导
是解答这类题的关键。例如：
（2023年·江西）
B
…
Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up. …
59.How many problems about kerosene lamps are mentioned according
to Paragraph 2 ( )
C
A.6. B.5. C.4. D.3.
【解析】这是一道细节理解题。题目中提到according to Paragraph 2，所以我们找到第二段，根据该段中“First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food.”可知，首先，它会导致咳嗽等疾病。另外，光线会伤害人们的眼睛。此外，它还可能导致火灾。最后，煤油很贵，所以家庭买食物的钱更少。 找到文中关键的四个连接词first、also、besides和lastly进行判断。因此，得出文章一共提到使用煤油灯的4个问题。故选C。
（2022年·江西）
C
…
While Turun Tanah celebrates the future of a family, Galungan celebrates its past.Ancestors who have died return “home” during this ten-day celebration.And living relatives do their best to make them happy.Tall bamboo poles line the street.People attend the ceremonies and visit their family and village temples.Actors and dancers give performances that tell stories of god fighting against evil.
…
64.What do people do during Galungan Check and choose the right answer.
①Watch performances.
②Discuss new babies' future.
③Visit their family and village temples.
④Put the bamboo poles along the street.
⑤Carry a huge monster around the village.( )
A.①②⑤ B.①③④ C.②③④ D.③④⑤
B
【解析】这也是一道细节理解题。但是这一题需要更仔细地阅读文章，排除误导选项从而找出正确答案。
仔细读题得到题干中的关键信息during Galungan，然后定位到画线部分，找到与答案相关的重要信息， 答案为B。
命题点二 推理判断
这类题目考查学生依据短文内容和其应有的常识进行推理和判断的
能力。这类题要求学生摆脱字面理解的局限,透过文章,对作者的话进行
推理判断,领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵或哲理,体会作者的言外之意,从而
获得对文章的深层理解。此类题目在文章中没有明确的答案,需要学生
在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。学生做题时需要忠于原文，不能
强加自己的主观理解。同时仔细审题。例如：
（2023年·江西）
B
A Bright Idea
Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason… so they remained poor for the rest of their lives.
Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up.
One day, he had an idea. He could use a small solar（太阳能的）light. Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment. Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families. An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps.
Each lamp only cost ＄20.However, this was a lot of money to many villagers, who only earned around ＄34 a week, so Evans made sure he kept the cost down. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free.
Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference.
62.What is Evans like according to the passage ( )
D
A.Polite, talented and humorous. B.Quiet, smart and honest.
C.Humorous, clever and friendly. D.Hard-working, loving and creative.
【解析】从这一题中我们可以发现文章里面并没有直接说明Evans性格特点的句子。这就是很典型的推理判断题，需要在文章的字里行间中推测出作者想要表达的意思。通读本文，文章第二段中写到Evans在艰苦的学习环境下还上了大学，说明他非常勤奋；第三段提到他为了解决使用煤油灯带来的一系列问题，发明了太阳能灯，说明他富有创造性；文章的第四段阐述了他想方设法降低太阳能灯的制作成本，让穷人也能用得上太阳能灯，可推测出他富有爱心。故答案为D。
（2022年·江西）
B
Why is the sea salt Long before we disco-vered scientific ways of thinking about it, we explained it in a story.Even though the answer isn't scientific, it holds some other truth in it—especially about the human heart.
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village.The old couple gave him a meal.In return, he gave them a coffee mill（磨粉机） and said，“Say, ‘Mill,
please grind（磨粉）',and it'll make whatever you want, to stop it, say ‘Mill, please cease（停止） grinding'.”
Soon the old couple had a much better life.They'd been happy people, and they didn't need much more.But the young couple next door were never satisfied.When they saw the old couple wearing good clothes and buying good food, they burnt with envy（羡慕）.So one day, the young husband went to the old couple's house secretly and heard,“Mill, please grind hot chocolate!”He was surprised to see it coming out.
Then the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.With it， they rode a horse and set off down the coast, where no one would know them.Along the way, the husband showed proudly and asked, “What do you want it to make ” “Oh, I don't know.Why not salt ”the wife said.“Mill, please grind salt!” he said. “It works!” the wife shouted.But then they noticed the salt went everywhere.“Make it stop,” the wife said.But the husband didn't know how.“Mill， please stop grinding! Please, no more!” His words didn't work.The mill kept grinding.Finally, the young husband threw the mill into the sea as far as he could.
And there it's been, for hundreds of years, endlessly grinding salt.That's why the sea is salt.
61.How did the young husband's feelings change ( )
B
A.sorry—sad—excited B.thirsty—excited—afraid
C.happy—nervous—proud D.surprised—thankful—happy
【解析】该题是根据文章找出形容词，而且这些形容词都没有直接出现在文章里。通过阅读后对整个故事的梳理，我们知道这个年轻的丈夫开始是极度想要磨粉机（thirsty）——偷到手了以后是高兴和兴奋的（excited）——最后看到这个磨粉机会源源不断产盐，却不知道如何让它停下来就开始害怕了（afraid）。故答案为B。
命题点三 词义猜测
解答这类题目时,必须认真阅读文章,通过上下文的联系,结合已有的
知识猜测其在具体语境中的含义,同时注意一些猜词的技巧:
1.通过因果关系猜词;
2.通过同义词和反义词猜词;
3.通过构词法猜词;
4.通过定义或释义来推测词义;
5.通过句法功能来推测词义;
6.通过描述猜词。
（2023年·江西）
D…
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
…
68.What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2
mean ( )
A
A.Able to spread quickly. B.Able to breathe easily.
C.Able to change easily. D.Able to sleep quickly.
【解析】词义猜测题是要根据文章的上下文意思来进行合理猜测。解答此题，可根据画线词后一句“When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.”可知，当别人打哈欠时，你也会打哈欠。由此可以推测出哈欠是会传染的，所以，画线部分单词意为“能够快速传播的”。故答案选A。
（2022年·江西）
D
Improvements in technology often happen overnight.Some gadgets get smaller and faster.Others are replaced（代替） by newer things like smartphones.They can do hundreds of things.Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.
…
68.What does the underlined word“gadgets” mean in Paragraph
1 ( )
B
A.Toys. B.Tools. C.Games. D.Phones.
【解析】通过阅读画线词所在段落可知答案为B。
命题点四 代词指代
此类题要求学生根据上下文确定it、 they、 them等代词的确切指
代。代词所指代的内容一般应该是在句法结构上和它靠近的词语。由于
代词词性功能的限制,所指代的通常为名词或名词性结构，根据指代临
近原则，学生在作答过程中需贯穿前后。例如：
（2023年·江西）
B…
Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason… so they remained poor for the rest of their lives.
…
58.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer
to ( )
C
A.Leaving school. B.Doing homework.
C.Having eye problems. D.Having a bright idea.
【解析】第二次说到同一个事物，我们就可以用代词代替。所以，代词指代的通常就是前面句子当中的内容。根据“Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.”可知，Evans的眼睛疼，这使学习很困难。因此this指代“眼睛疼”这件事。故可以推出答案为C。
（2022年·江西）
B
…
Then the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.With it， they rode a horse and set off down the coast, where no one would know them.Along the way, the husband showed proudly and asked, “What do you want it to make ” “Oh, I don't know.Why not salt ”the wife said.“Mill, please grind salt!” he said. “It works!” the wife shouted.But then they noticed the salt went everywhere.“Make it stop,”
the wife said.But the husband didn't know how.“Mill, please stop grinding! Please, no more!” His words didn't work.The mill kept grinding.Finally, the young husband threw the mill into the sea as far as he could. …
60.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to ( )
C
A.The coffee. B.The horse. C.The mill. D.The chocolate.
【解析】结合画线词后面的句子可以推测出来他们想要关掉的是这个磨粉机。答案为C。
命题点五 事件排序
这类题目主要是需要学生理清文章内容的顺序，或者是按时间顺序，
或者是按逻辑顺序。
（2023年·江西）
B
Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason… so they remained poor for the rest of their lives.
Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren
but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up.
One day, he had an idea. He could use a small solar（太阳能的）light. Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment. Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families. An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps.
Each lamp only cost ＄20.However, this was a lot of money to many villagers, who only earned around ＄34 a week, so Evans made sure he kept the cost down. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free.
Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference.
60.Put the following information into correct order according to the
passage.
a.Evans went to a university.
b.Thousands of people had safe light.
c.His first solar lamp was invented.
d.Kerosene lamps hurt Evans' eyes.
e.Recycled materials were used in the lamps.
f.People from many countries gave away money.( )
A
A.d-a-c-e-f-b B.d-f-b-a-e-c C.a-d-f-e-c-b D.a-e-c-d-f-b
【解析】通读全文可知，文章是按时间顺序来记叙的。根据第一段的“He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp （煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.”可知，煤油灯对Evans的眼睛有伤害。根据第二段的“Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university.”可知，尽管学习非常艰难，Evans还是个优秀的学生，并进入了大学。根据第三段的“Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked.”可知，Evans制作了第一台太阳能灯。根据第四段的“First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries
gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free.”可知，Evans使用回收材料制灯，志愿者也来制灯，最后，来自许多国家的人给他的团队捐款。因此，事件的正确顺序为d-a-c-e-f-b。故此题答案为A。
（2022年·江西）
B…
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village.The old couple gave him a meal.In return, he gave them a coffee mill（磨粉机） and said，“Say, ‘Mill, please grind（磨粉）',and it'll make whatever you want, to stop it, say ‘Mill, please cease（停止） grinding'.”
…
Then the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.With it， they rode a horse and set off down the coast, where no one would know them.Along the way, the husband showed proudly and asked, “What do you want it to make ” “Oh, I don't know.Why not salt ”the wife said.“Mill, please grind salt!” he said. “It works!” the wife shouted. But then they noticed the salt went everywhere.“Make it stop,” the wife said.But the husband didn't know how.“Mill， please stop grinding! Please, no more!” His words didn't work.The mill kept grinding.Finally, the young husband threw the mill into the sea as far as he could.
And there it's been, for hundreds of years, endlessly grinding salt.That's why the sea is salt.
59.Put the things happened to the mill in correct order.
a.It began to produce salt.
b.The young husband threw it.
c.The young couple stole it.
d.The old couple got it.( )
D
A.b-d-a-c B.b-a-d-c C.d-a-c-b D.d-c-a-b
【解析】根据故事的发展我们可以得知先是“the old couple got the mill”，接着“the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.”然后年轻夫妇得到后就让它去“grind salt”，最后他们希望这个mill可以停下来，但发现它停不来了，于是就“threw the mill into the sea…”，故可确定正确答案为D。
命题点六 段落大意
这类题主要涉及段落或者文章的主题等。做题时一定要注意首句和
尾句,因为无论是哪一种体裁的文章,语篇中首句和首段、末句和末段或
图片信息,都直接或间接表明文章的大意;议论文可以从体现作者态度的
句子（即作者赞成什么、反对什么）中找到文章的中心思想,而这些句
子往往也都在段落的开头或结尾部分。例如：
（2023年·江西）
C
…
① ___
In fact, face painting may be the very first form of art. Painting faces are in different colors and patterns. This has been part of people's traditions for thousands of years. The way that people painted their faces can tell stories and lessons from the past.
② ___
People still paint their faces for lots of reasons. Patterns on faces connect people to a tribal （部落） family and can show who is the most important person in the family. For fighters, it is a way to make their enemies afraid. Face painting is also used in many ceremonies and special celebrations.
How is face paint important in theater
Face paint was important in Japanese and Chinese ancient ceremonies. It was also used in traditional theatre to change the actors' roles. Actors in those countries still wear white, black and red face paint today to show feelings and make the bad people look dramatic （戏剧性的） and awful.
③ ___
Tribal people make face paint from the natural colors in plants and earth. Plant parts are used to make different colorings. The ingredients are dried over a fire and then made into a powder （粉末）. This is then mixed with animal fat.
63.Match the title with each part.
a.Is face paint art
b.Is wall painting a symbol
c.Why paint your face
d.How wear face paint
e.Where does the paint come from ( )
C
A.①-a, ②-b, ③-c B.①-b, ②-e, ③-d
C.①-a, ②-c, ③-e D.①-b, ②-d, ③-c
【解析】2023年的这道题沿用了2022年的同类题型，属于段落标题归纳题。通过找关键词抓住三个段落的中心，然后进行归纳，从而找到答案。根据“In fact, face painting may be the very first form of art.”可知，本段说明了面部彩绘属于一种艺术，①处应填a项“面部彩绘是艺术吗？”；根据“People still paint their faces for lots of reasons.”可知，本段解释了人们在脸上画画的原因，②处应填c项“为什么在脸上画画？”；根据“Tribal people make face paint from the natural colors in plants and earth.”可知，本段介绍了颜料的来源，③处应填e项“颜料是从哪里来的？”。故本题选C。
（2022年·江西）
D
…
①_______
Do you have a landline at home These are phones that people plug（插入）into their living room walls.Mobile phones didn't use to be so common at that time, so most families had a landline.But landlines only worked at home.What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone They looked for a pay phone!
Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines.
②_______
People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards.But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks.The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful—each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better.But even the best ones could only hold 1.44 MB. You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage（储存空间） available on a 32 GB phone!
③_______
It's easy to take photos today.People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to be expensive, and people took fewer of them.To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film.This allowed you to take about 30 photos.After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop.The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days.
…
69.Match the title with each paragraph.
a.Goodbye Disks
b.Music to My Ears
c.Picture This
d.Call Me
e.Film Development( )
B
A.①-d, ②-b, ③-e B.①-d, ②-a, ③-c
C.①-c, ②-a, ③-b D.①-c, ②-b, ③-e
【解析】这一题需要将三个段落的小标题找出来。通过找关键词，抓住每个段落讲的物品，然后进行归纳，从而可以锁定答案为B。
命题点七 写作意图
学生在解此类题时，一般可结合文章的主旨大意和文体来推测作者
的写作意图。
（2023年·江西）
B…
Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference.
61.Why does the writer give Julia's example in Paragraph 5 ( )
B
A.To share Julia's experience. B.To show Evans' influence.
C.To describe Evans' feelings. D.To introduce Evans' invention.
【解析】根据该段内容可知，成千上万的人有安全的照明。Julia是三个孩子的母亲，她说：“多亏了Evans，我的孩子们有了读书的灯，我也有了做饭的灯。”太阳能灯起到了很大的作用。举Julia的例子是为了说明Evans的发明创造给人们带来的影响。故答案为B。
（2022年·江西）
C…
A year of festivals has come to an end.Don't worry: next year, Indonesia will be buzzing（发出嗡嗡声） again with celebrations, so welcome to the party!
67.What is the writer's purpose according to the passage ( )
A
A.To welcome us to the festivals.
B.To show us how to treat the ancestors.
C.To tell us how to hold the party.
D.To teach us how to fight against the evil.
【解析】根据文章的最后一段可知答案为A。
命题点八 标题归纳
归纳文章标题是英语阅读的常见考题，标题是对整篇文章的概括。
学生通常可以从首段或者尾段来确定文章的标题，当然有的文章也会将
主要的内容放在文章中间，这时候就需要从每个段落找到共同点，确定
文章的标题。例如：
（2023年·江西）
C
When we think of art, we probably think of painting a picture on a strong cloth or special paper, even on walls of a city. However, in many cultures people paint their faces instead.
①____
In fact, face painting may be the very first form of art. Painting faces are in different colors and patterns. This has been part of people's traditions for thousands of years. The way that people painted their faces can tell stories and lessons from the past.
②____
People still paint their faces for lots of reasons. Patterns on faces connect people to a tribal （部落） family and can show who is the most important person in the family. For fighters, it is a way to make their enemies afraid. Face painting is also used in many ceremonies and special celebrations.
How is face paint important in theater
Face paint was important in Japanese and Chinese ancient ceremonies. It was also used in traditional theatre to change the actors' roles. Actors in those countries still wear white, black and red face paint today to show feelings and make the bad people look dramatic （戏剧性的） and awful.
③________
Tribal people make face paint from the natural colors in plants and earth. Plant parts are used to make different colorings. The ingredients are dried over a fire and then made into a powder （粉末）. This is then mixed with animal fat.
67.Which of the following can be the best title ( )
A
A.Face Art. B.Traditional Painters.
C.Wall Paintings. D.Tribal Celebrations.
【解析】这道题是选择最佳标题题。根据首段“However, in many cultures people paint their faces instead.”和后文的具体内容可知，本文主要介绍了面部彩绘这种艺术形式，A项最适合做标题。故本题答案为A。
（2022年·江西）
D
Improvements in technology often happen overnight.Some gadgets get smaller and faster.Others are replaced（代替） by newer things like smartphones.They can do hundreds of things.Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.
…
72.What would be the best title for the passage ( )
D
A.The Changing Phones. B.The Products of Tomorrow.
C.Old Things We Use Today. D.The Things We Used to Use.
【解析】根据文章第一段的内容可以推测出这是一篇讲述过去的物品的故事。答案为D。
命题点九 还原句子
这类题目和阅读B）部分的短文还原还是有点相似的。在做此类题
时，要理解句子之间的关系，比如并列、递进、转折、因果等，或者揣
摩挖空句与本段内容存在的内在联系，比如挖空句为主旨概括句、过渡
性句子还是注释性句子等。例如：
（2021年·江西）
D
Eight hundred years ago, a man in southern Turkey invented an amazing clock.It was more than 7 meters high.At its base（基座） was a life-size model elephant.Every half hour, something amazing happened.The whole clock came alive. Model birds, dragons, and people started to move.
The clock's inventor was an engineer named al-Jazari. He lived in Turkey. Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history.Some historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering”.
We know about al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote.____They include clocks and hand-washing machines.The book also has drawings that show how each machine works. …
66.Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “___” in Paragraph 3.
C
A.He became famous when he was a young man.
B.He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C.It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D.People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
【解析】结合上一句中提到的书本，以及下一句中提到它们包括的内容，从选项中可以看到，C项很好地衔接了前后句的内容。
命题点十 篇章结构
这类题型要求学生完全读懂文章，然后进行分段和判断结构。
（2023年·江西）
D
Why do we yawn
Do you yawn There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning.
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a
race. Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch （强化） the muscles （肌肉） in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.
In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth
very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air.
Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.
72.What would be the best structure of the passage ( )
B
A.&1& B.&2& C.&3& D.&4&
【解析】这是篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了话题；第二至五段介绍了关于打哈欠的事实；第六段进行总结。故该文章是“总—分—总”结构，答案为B。
（2022年·江西）
C
Indonesians love to celebrate.They believe that celebrating and eating together brings good luck.Let's party Indonesia-style.
Would you be surprised to find a New Year's Day in March Indonesians on the island of Bali are getting ready to ring in Nyepi, their New Year.It falls in March or April on the night of the new moon and is a symbol of a fresh start for the people and the island of Bali.On the eve of Nyepi, families and friends get together in the
market.They carry a huge monster which is made of wood and other materials around the village three times.After that, people set it on fire, hoping to drive out evil（邪恶的） spirits.
After Nyepi, a Turun tanah ceremony begins in honor of a child's first steps.At the Turun Tanah, parents invite friends and family to a party to introduce the baby.They put different objects such as a bracelet（手镯）, pen, mirror or toy computer around their baby.If the baby picks up a pen, he or she may be a writer.A child who picks up a gold bracelet may be rich.
While Turun Tanah celebrates the future of a family, Galungan celebrates its past.Ancestors who have died return “home” during this ten-day celebration.And living relatives do their best to make them happy.Tall bamboo poles line the street.People attend the ceremonies and visit their family and village temples.Actors and dancers give performances that tell stories of god fighting against evil.
A year of festivals has come to an end.Don't worry: next year, Indonesia will be buzzing（发出嗡嗡声） again with celebrations, so welcome to the party!
66.Which of the following best shows the structure of the
passage ( )
D
A.&5& B.&6& C.&7& D.&8&
【解析】通过对文章每个段落的分析可知，该文章是“总—分—总”结构，答案是D。
2 还原型阅读理解
考情速递
年份 2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年
文体 说明文 说明文 议论文 说明文 议论文
主旨 竹子的生长特 点、特征和用 途 丝绸的发 现、传播 及运用 失败的 价值 社交媒体 的使用现 状 自己种植
蔬菜的好
处
挖空 位置 段首 1 1 2 3 2
段中 4 4 2 2 1
段尾 0 0 1 0 2
题型分析
【命题特点】
短文还原型阅读理解共5小题，每小题2分，总分值10分。要求学生
阅读一篇短文，然后根据短文内容从方框内所给的7个选项中选择5个恰
当的句子还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。
该部分主要考查学生把握文章结构及根据上下文进行逻辑推理的能
力。文章的体裁有说明文、夹叙夹议的议论文和记叙文，其中以说明文
为主。设空位置有段首、段中和段尾，其中段中设空最多。“双减”政策
之后，题目难度系数有所降低。
【答题技巧】
1.首先浏览方框中所给句子，对其做深加工，画出关键词，设想什
么情况下会使用该句子。
2.接着快速通读全文，把握文章大意。
3.认真阅读文章，边读边填。注意设空位置，根据上下文的语境线
索（代词、连接词、主题关键词等）进行推理。注意确定了一个答案就
从方框中将其划去，不确定的空格空着待填。
4.再次浏览文章，对于未完成的空格，结合全文仔细推敲，合理推
断答案。
5.最后代入所选答案通读全文，检查答案是否符合上下文语境和逻
辑关系。
真题探源
（2023年·江西）
Bamboo is a wonderful plant for many people around the world.
73. . People make tables, clothes, medicine, and musical instruments
with it. Pandas may eat bamboo every day, but people can also eat it.
74. . Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can
watch it grow. The speed of growth depends on the type of bamboo,
the earth and the season. Normal bamboo grows 3—10 cm a day. It
usually grows in tropical （热带的） areas. 75. . Bamboo plants are
B
G
E
found in Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America.
One of the world's oldest building materials is bamboo. Like today,
people use it because it's very strong. They used it to build houses,
boats, and bridges. The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min
River in Sichuan, China almost 1000 years ago. 76. . Also, bamboo
is still used to make houses today, especially in China and Philippines.
As a part of history, bamboo is very important. The great scientist
Thomas Edison did not invent the light bulb （灯泡）, but he made it
perfect. He wanted the material inside to burn for a long period of
A
time. He tried over 1000 different types of materials. 77. . One day,
he tried to use a piece of bamboo and the light bulb lit up for over a
thousand hours. This invention helped other scientists to make the
modern light bulb we use today.
C
A. You can still visit it today.
B. There are over 1000 uses for it.
C. However, none worked very well.
D. Bamboo is light because it is empty inside.
E.It can also be found in other parts of the world.
F.Chinese people like drawing pictures of bamboo.
G. The fastest growing plant in the world is bamboo.
【解析】首先浏览选项，对句子进行深加工，画出关键词（如上），并设想使用该句子时上下文会是何种语境，如选项A前面应该提到某个地点或建筑景点，才能和still visit it相对应；再如选项B，其后可能会举例说明它的一些用途。通过这种深加工，激活大脑思维，有效提取选项中的信息。接着快速通读全文，可知本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竹子的生长特点、特征和用途。获取文章大意之后，细读文章边读边填。
73.___
B
【解析】空属段中设空，上文提到“Bamboo is a wonderful plant for many people”，下文提到竹子的各种用途“People make tables, clothes, medicine, and musical instruments with it. Pandas may eat bamboo every day, but people can also eat it.”。结合选项判断此处选B“它有超过1000种的用途”，句中it指代前文bamboo，符合语境逻辑。
74.___
G
【解析】空属段首设空，下文提到“Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can watch it grow. The speed of growth depends on the type of bamboo, the earth and the season.”，此处介绍了竹子生长速度的特征以及影响竹子生长速度的因素，与选项G中的关键信息fastest growing plant相匹配，答案选G“世界上长得最快的植物是竹子”，
75.___
E
【解析】空属段中设空，上文提到“It usually grows in tropical （热带的） areas.”，意思是“竹子通常生长在热带地区”；下文“Bamboo plants are found in Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America.”也是在谈竹子的生长区域，所以75空选E“它也可以在世界上其他地区找到”，E中also呼应前文句子，other parts对应下文中的Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America。
76.___
A
【解析】空属段中设空，该段介绍的是竹子在建筑方面的用途。上文提到“The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1000 years ago.”意思是“大约在一千多年前中国人在四川的岷江上建造了一座竹桥”，结合选项可知76空选A“今天你仍然可以参观它”，句中it指代上文提及的岷江上的竹桥，符合语境逻辑。
77.___
C
【解析】空属段中设空，该段介绍了爱迪生利用竹子延长灯泡发光时间的故事。77空前文提到“爱迪生尝试了1000多种不同材料”,后文提到“有一天他尝试使用了一种竹子，而这种灯泡可以亮一千多个小时”。据此可推测，爱迪生尝试的1000多种材料效果都不好，所以后面尝试使用竹子。结合选项可知答案选C。句中however表示转折，符合前后逻辑关系。
解题点拨
解答短文还原型阅读理解题，可以使用以下解题技巧提高解题速度
和正确率：
1.关注代词。借助选项及其上下文中的代词，可以快速准确地确定
答案，如73、75和76小题。
2.关注近义词。同一语义场会出现一些同义表达，可用近义词来帮
助确定选项，如74小题。
3.关注逻辑连词。文中前后语句可能存在各种逻辑关系，选项中的
逻辑连词可以帮助学生快速找到体现其相应逻辑关系的前后文语境，如
77小题。
4.关注挖空位置。段首句子可能是该段落的中心句，可通过段落内
容推断出中心句；段中句子可以通过前后语句判断答案；段尾通常是总
结概括性句子，或者是引出下文的过渡句。
谢谢观看
2024年中考英语总复习课件
阅读理解
1 选择型阅读理解
考情速递
真题年份 2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年
A篇 活动通知 广告图表 广告图表 活动内容 课程表
B篇 人物故事 民间故事 人物故事 梦想 故事
C篇 文化艺术 节日介绍 动物介绍 冒险运动 游戏玩家职
业的利弊
D篇 健康科普 科技介绍 事物介绍 自然健康 用“心”看
E篇 — — 科普介绍 — —
题型分析
从近五年江西省中考A）部分选择型阅读理解的话题情况一览表中
可以看出，这一部分从2021年开始有了新的变化，2021年有5个话篇，
多了一个语篇，可是2022年和2023年又恢复成4个语篇，不过题量同
2021年一样，为18小题。我们通过表格来对比一下改革后2021年、2022
年和2023年阅读理解A）部分选择型阅读的语篇：
2023年 2022年 2021年
文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题
数
A篇 应用 文 活动 通知 3 应用文 广告 图表 3 应用文 广告 图表 3
B篇 记叙 文 人物 故事 5 记叙文 民间 故事 5 记叙文 人物 故事 3
C篇 说明 文 文化 艺术 5 说明文 节日 介绍 5 说明文 动物 介绍 4
2023年 2022年 2021年
文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题 数 文体 话题 题
数
D篇 说明 文 健康 科普 5 说明文 科技 介绍 5 说明文 事物 介绍 4
E篇 说明文 科普 介绍 4
续表
通过表格可以看出，相比2021年，2022年和2023年这两年的中考英
语试卷的阅读理解又进行了调整，在保持分值不变的前提下，减去了一
篇阅读理解，形成了3-5-5-5的题数设置。文体上这两年大致相同，篇章
词数没有增加，阅读量和语篇难度都有所降低。
A）部分选择型阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能
力和判断能力。要求学生能通过阅读短文,较快地获取其中的主要信息,
然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。结合
2021年、2022年和2023年的中考试卷，我们看下A）部分阅读常见的考
查方式:
2023年 2022年 2021年
题量 题量 题量
细节理解 5 6 7
推理判断 4 4 2
词义猜测 1 1 1
代词指代 1 1 1
事件排序 1 1 1
段落大意 2 1 1
主旨大意 1 1 1
写作意图 1 1 1
2023年 2022年 2021年
题量 题量 题量
标题归纳 1 1 1
还原句子 0 0 1
篇章结构 1 1 1
续表
命题点一 细节理解
通过表格，我们可以看出这类题在中考阅读中占比是最多的，但是
有逐年下降的趋势。这类题主要考查学生把握文章事实和细节的能力。
此类题是针对文章的细节设计的，答案基本都在文章里，通过找准文章
的关键信息我们就能准确地找到解题的关键。仔细审题不要被选项误导
是解答这类题的关键。例如：
（2023年·江西）
B
…
Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up. …
59.How many problems about kerosene lamps are mentioned according
to Paragraph 2 ( )
C
A.6. B.5. C.4. D.3.
【解析】这是一道细节理解题。题目中提到according to Paragraph 2，所以我们找到第二段，根据该段中“First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food.”可知，首先，它会导致咳嗽等疾病。另外，光线会伤害人们的眼睛。此外，它还可能导致火灾。最后，煤油很贵，所以家庭买食物的钱更少。 找到文中关键的四个连接词first、also、besides和lastly进行判断。因此，得出文章一共提到使用煤油灯的4个问题。故选C。
（2022年·江西）
C
…
While Turun Tanah celebrates the future of a family, Galungan celebrates its past.Ancestors who have died return “home” during this ten-day celebration.And living relatives do their best to make them happy.Tall bamboo poles line the street.People attend the ceremonies and visit their family and village temples.Actors and dancers give performances that tell stories of god fighting against evil.
…
64.What do people do during Galungan Check and choose the right answer.
①Watch performances.
②Discuss new babies' future.
③Visit their family and village temples.
④Put the bamboo poles along the street.
⑤Carry a huge monster around the village.( )
A.①②⑤ B.①③④ C.②③④ D.③④⑤
B
【解析】这也是一道细节理解题。但是这一题需要更仔细地阅读文章，排除误导选项从而找出正确答案。
仔细读题得到题干中的关键信息during Galungan，然后定位到画线部分，找到与答案相关的重要信息， 答案为B。
命题点二 推理判断
这类题目考查学生依据短文内容和其应有的常识进行推理和判断的
能力。这类题要求学生摆脱字面理解的局限,透过文章,对作者的话进行
推理判断,领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵或哲理,体会作者的言外之意,从而
获得对文章的深层理解。此类题目在文章中没有明确的答案,需要学生
在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。学生做题时需要忠于原文，不能
强加自己的主观理解。同时仔细审题。例如：
（2023年·江西）
B
A Bright Idea
Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason… so they remained poor for the rest of their lives.
Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up.
One day, he had an idea. He could use a small solar（太阳能的）light. Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment. Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families. An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps.
Each lamp only cost ＄20.However, this was a lot of money to many villagers, who only earned around ＄34 a week, so Evans made sure he kept the cost down. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free.
Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference.
62.What is Evans like according to the passage ( )
D
A.Polite, talented and humorous. B.Quiet, smart and honest.
C.Humorous, clever and friendly. D.Hard-working, loving and creative.
【解析】从这一题中我们可以发现文章里面并没有直接说明Evans性格特点的句子。这就是很典型的推理判断题，需要在文章的字里行间中推测出作者想要表达的意思。通读本文，文章第二段中写到Evans在艰苦的学习环境下还上了大学，说明他非常勤奋；第三段提到他为了解决使用煤油灯带来的一系列问题，发明了太阳能灯，说明他富有创造性；文章的第四段阐述了他想方设法降低太阳能灯的制作成本，让穷人也能用得上太阳能灯，可推测出他富有爱心。故答案为D。
（2022年·江西）
B
Why is the sea salt Long before we disco-vered scientific ways of thinking about it, we explained it in a story.Even though the answer isn't scientific, it holds some other truth in it—especially about the human heart.
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village.The old couple gave him a meal.In return, he gave them a coffee mill（磨粉机） and said，“Say, ‘Mill,
please grind（磨粉）',and it'll make whatever you want, to stop it, say ‘Mill, please cease（停止） grinding'.”
Soon the old couple had a much better life.They'd been happy people, and they didn't need much more.But the young couple next door were never satisfied.When they saw the old couple wearing good clothes and buying good food, they burnt with envy（羡慕）.So one day, the young husband went to the old couple's house secretly and heard,“Mill, please grind hot chocolate!”He was surprised to see it coming out.
Then the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.With it， they rode a horse and set off down the coast, where no one would know them.Along the way, the husband showed proudly and asked, “What do you want it to make ” “Oh, I don't know.Why not salt ”the wife said.“Mill, please grind salt!” he said. “It works!” the wife shouted.But then they noticed the salt went everywhere.“Make it stop,” the wife said.But the husband didn't know how.“Mill， please stop grinding! Please, no more!” His words didn't work.The mill kept grinding.Finally, the young husband threw the mill into the sea as far as he could.
And there it's been, for hundreds of years, endlessly grinding salt.That's why the sea is salt.
61.How did the young husband's feelings change ( )
B
A.sorry—sad—excited B.thirsty—excited—afraid
C.happy—nervous—proud D.surprised—thankful—happy
【解析】该题是根据文章找出形容词，而且这些形容词都没有直接出现在文章里。通过阅读后对整个故事的梳理，我们知道这个年轻的丈夫开始是极度想要磨粉机（thirsty）——偷到手了以后是高兴和兴奋的（excited）——最后看到这个磨粉机会源源不断产盐，却不知道如何让它停下来就开始害怕了（afraid）。故答案为B。
命题点三 词义猜测
解答这类题目时,必须认真阅读文章,通过上下文的联系,结合已有的
知识猜测其在具体语境中的含义,同时注意一些猜词的技巧:
1.通过因果关系猜词;
2.通过同义词和反义词猜词;
3.通过构词法猜词;
4.通过定义或释义来推测词义;
5.通过句法功能来推测词义;
6.通过描述猜词。
（2023年·江西）
D…
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
…
68.What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2
mean ( )
A
A.Able to spread quickly. B.Able to breathe easily.
C.Able to change easily. D.Able to sleep quickly.
【解析】词义猜测题是要根据文章的上下文意思来进行合理猜测。解答此题，可根据画线词后一句“When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.”可知，当别人打哈欠时，你也会打哈欠。由此可以推测出哈欠是会传染的，所以，画线部分单词意为“能够快速传播的”。故答案选A。
（2022年·江西）
D
Improvements in technology often happen overnight.Some gadgets get smaller and faster.Others are replaced（代替） by newer things like smartphones.They can do hundreds of things.Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.
…
68.What does the underlined word“gadgets” mean in Paragraph
1 ( )
B
A.Toys. B.Tools. C.Games. D.Phones.
【解析】通过阅读画线词所在段落可知答案为B。
命题点四 代词指代
此类题要求学生根据上下文确定it、 they、 them等代词的确切指
代。代词所指代的内容一般应该是在句法结构上和它靠近的词语。由于
代词词性功能的限制,所指代的通常为名词或名词性结构，根据指代临
近原则，学生在作答过程中需贯穿前后。例如：
（2023年·江西）
B…
Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason… so they remained poor for the rest of their lives.
…
58.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer
to ( )
C
A.Leaving school. B.Doing homework.
C.Having eye problems. D.Having a bright idea.
【解析】第二次说到同一个事物，我们就可以用代词代替。所以，代词指代的通常就是前面句子当中的内容。根据“Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.”可知，Evans的眼睛疼，这使学习很困难。因此this指代“眼睛疼”这件事。故可以推出答案为C。
（2022年·江西）
B
…
Then the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.With it， they rode a horse and set off down the coast, where no one would know them.Along the way, the husband showed proudly and asked, “What do you want it to make ” “Oh, I don't know.Why not salt ”the wife said.“Mill, please grind salt!” he said. “It works!” the wife shouted.But then they noticed the salt went everywhere.“Make it stop,”
the wife said.But the husband didn't know how.“Mill, please stop grinding! Please, no more!” His words didn't work.The mill kept grinding.Finally, the young husband threw the mill into the sea as far as he could. …
60.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to ( )
C
A.The coffee. B.The horse. C.The mill. D.The chocolate.
【解析】结合画线词后面的句子可以推测出来他们想要关掉的是这个磨粉机。答案为C。
命题点五 事件排序
这类题目主要是需要学生理清文章内容的顺序，或者是按时间顺序，
或者是按逻辑顺序。
（2023年·江西）
B
Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason… so they remained poor for the rest of their lives.
Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren
but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people's eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up.
One day, he had an idea. He could use a small solar（太阳能的）light. Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment. Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families. An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps.
Each lamp only cost ＄20.However, this was a lot of money to many villagers, who only earned around ＄34 a week, so Evans made sure he kept the cost down. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free.
Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference.
60.Put the following information into correct order according to the
passage.
a.Evans went to a university.
b.Thousands of people had safe light.
c.His first solar lamp was invented.
d.Kerosene lamps hurt Evans' eyes.
e.Recycled materials were used in the lamps.
f.People from many countries gave away money.( )
A
A.d-a-c-e-f-b B.d-f-b-a-e-c C.a-d-f-e-c-b D.a-e-c-d-f-b
【解析】通读全文可知，文章是按时间顺序来记叙的。根据第一段的“He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp （煤油灯）. Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.”可知，煤油灯对Evans的眼睛有伤害。根据第二段的“Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university.”可知，尽管学习非常艰难，Evans还是个优秀的学生，并进入了大学。根据第三段的“Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked.”可知，Evans制作了第一台太阳能灯。根据第四段的“First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries
gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free.”可知，Evans使用回收材料制灯，志愿者也来制灯，最后，来自许多国家的人给他的团队捐款。因此，事件的正确顺序为d-a-c-e-f-b。故此题答案为A。
（2022年·江西）
B…
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village.The old couple gave him a meal.In return, he gave them a coffee mill（磨粉机） and said，“Say, ‘Mill, please grind（磨粉）',and it'll make whatever you want, to stop it, say ‘Mill, please cease（停止） grinding'.”
…
Then the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.With it， they rode a horse and set off down the coast, where no one would know them.Along the way, the husband showed proudly and asked, “What do you want it to make ” “Oh, I don't know.Why not salt ”the wife said.“Mill, please grind salt!” he said. “It works!” the wife shouted. But then they noticed the salt went everywhere.“Make it stop,” the wife said.But the husband didn't know how.“Mill， please stop grinding! Please, no more!” His words didn't work.The mill kept grinding.Finally, the young husband threw the mill into the sea as far as he could.
And there it's been, for hundreds of years, endlessly grinding salt.That's why the sea is salt.
59.Put the things happened to the mill in correct order.
a.It began to produce salt.
b.The young husband threw it.
c.The young couple stole it.
d.The old couple got it.( )
D
A.b-d-a-c B.b-a-d-c C.d-a-c-b D.d-c-a-b
【解析】根据故事的发展我们可以得知先是“the old couple got the mill”，接着“the young couple stole the mill from the old couple.”然后年轻夫妇得到后就让它去“grind salt”，最后他们希望这个mill可以停下来，但发现它停不来了，于是就“threw the mill into the sea…”，故可确定正确答案为D。
命题点六 段落大意
这类题主要涉及段落或者文章的主题等。做题时一定要注意首句和
尾句,因为无论是哪一种体裁的文章,语篇中首句和首段、末句和末段或
图片信息,都直接或间接表明文章的大意;议论文可以从体现作者态度的
句子（即作者赞成什么、反对什么）中找到文章的中心思想,而这些句
子往往也都在段落的开头或结尾部分。例如：
（2023年·江西）
C
…
① ___
In fact, face painting may be the very first form of art. Painting faces are in different colors and patterns. This has been part of people's traditions for thousands of years. The way that people painted their faces can tell stories and lessons from the past.
② ___
People still paint their faces for lots of reasons. Patterns on faces connect people to a tribal （部落） family and can show who is the most important person in the family. For fighters, it is a way to make their enemies afraid. Face painting is also used in many ceremonies and special celebrations.
How is face paint important in theater
Face paint was important in Japanese and Chinese ancient ceremonies. It was also used in traditional theatre to change the actors' roles. Actors in those countries still wear white, black and red face paint today to show feelings and make the bad people look dramatic （戏剧性的） and awful.
③ ___
Tribal people make face paint from the natural colors in plants and earth. Plant parts are used to make different colorings. The ingredients are dried over a fire and then made into a powder （粉末）. This is then mixed with animal fat.
63.Match the title with each part.
a.Is face paint art
b.Is wall painting a symbol
c.Why paint your face
d.How wear face paint
e.Where does the paint come from ( )
C
A.①-a, ②-b, ③-c B.①-b, ②-e, ③-d
C.①-a, ②-c, ③-e D.①-b, ②-d, ③-c
【解析】2023年的这道题沿用了2022年的同类题型，属于段落标题归纳题。通过找关键词抓住三个段落的中心，然后进行归纳，从而找到答案。根据“In fact, face painting may be the very first form of art.”可知，本段说明了面部彩绘属于一种艺术，①处应填a项“面部彩绘是艺术吗？”；根据“People still paint their faces for lots of reasons.”可知，本段解释了人们在脸上画画的原因，②处应填c项“为什么在脸上画画？”；根据“Tribal people make face paint from the natural colors in plants and earth.”可知，本段介绍了颜料的来源，③处应填e项“颜料是从哪里来的？”。故本题选C。
（2022年·江西）
D
…
①_______
Do you have a landline at home These are phones that people plug（插入）into their living room walls.Mobile phones didn't use to be so common at that time, so most families had a landline.But landlines only worked at home.What did people do when they were outside and needed to call someone They looked for a pay phone!
Then, most people had their own mobile phones and many homes no longer had landlines.
②_______
People today store plenty of information online, or on SD cards.But in the 1980s and 1990s, people used to use floppy disks.The first floppy disks were large, expensive, and not very useful—each disk could store just 175 KB of information! Later, floppy disks got smaller and better.But even the best ones could only hold 1.44 MB. You would need three or four disks just for one song, and about 22,000 disks to match the storage（储存空间） available on a 32 GB phone!
③_______
It's easy to take photos today.People often have thousands just on their phones! But photos used to be expensive, and people took fewer of them.To take a photo, you had to buy a roll of film.This allowed you to take about 30 photos.After finishing the roll, you left it at a shop.The shop developed the photos to make them be seen, which you could collect after a few days.
…
69.Match the title with each paragraph.
a.Goodbye Disks
b.Music to My Ears
c.Picture This
d.Call Me
e.Film Development( )
B
A.①-d, ②-b, ③-e B.①-d, ②-a, ③-c
C.①-c, ②-a, ③-b D.①-c, ②-b, ③-e
【解析】这一题需要将三个段落的小标题找出来。通过找关键词，抓住每个段落讲的物品，然后进行归纳，从而可以锁定答案为B。
命题点七 写作意图
学生在解此类题时，一般可结合文章的主旨大意和文体来推测作者
的写作意图。
（2023年·江西）
B…
Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.” The solar lamps made a big difference.
61.Why does the writer give Julia's example in Paragraph 5 ( )
B
A.To share Julia's experience. B.To show Evans' influence.
C.To describe Evans' feelings. D.To introduce Evans' invention.
【解析】根据该段内容可知，成千上万的人有安全的照明。Julia是三个孩子的母亲，她说：“多亏了Evans，我的孩子们有了读书的灯，我也有了做饭的灯。”太阳能灯起到了很大的作用。举Julia的例子是为了说明Evans的发明创造给人们带来的影响。故答案为B。
（2022年·江西）
C…
A year of festivals has come to an end.Don't worry: next year, Indonesia will be buzzing（发出嗡嗡声） again with celebrations, so welcome to the party!
67.What is the writer's purpose according to the passage ( )
A
A.To welcome us to the festivals.
B.To show us how to treat the ancestors.
C.To tell us how to hold the party.
D.To teach us how to fight against the evil.
【解析】根据文章的最后一段可知答案为A。
命题点八 标题归纳
归纳文章标题是英语阅读的常见考题，标题是对整篇文章的概括。
学生通常可以从首段或者尾段来确定文章的标题，当然有的文章也会将
主要的内容放在文章中间，这时候就需要从每个段落找到共同点，确定
文章的标题。例如：
（2023年·江西）
C
When we think of art, we probably think of painting a picture on a strong cloth or special paper, even on walls of a city. However, in many cultures people paint their faces instead.
①____
In fact, face painting may be the very first form of art. Painting faces are in different colors and patterns. This has been part of people's traditions for thousands of years. The way that people painted their faces can tell stories and lessons from the past.
②____
People still paint their faces for lots of reasons. Patterns on faces connect people to a tribal （部落） family and can show who is the most important person in the family. For fighters, it is a way to make their enemies afraid. Face painting is also used in many ceremonies and special celebrations.
How is face paint important in theater
Face paint was important in Japanese and Chinese ancient ceremonies. It was also used in traditional theatre to change the actors' roles. Actors in those countries still wear white, black and red face paint today to show feelings and make the bad people look dramatic （戏剧性的） and awful.
③________
Tribal people make face paint from the natural colors in plants and earth. Plant parts are used to make different colorings. The ingredients are dried over a fire and then made into a powder （粉末）. This is then mixed with animal fat.
67.Which of the following can be the best title ( )
A
A.Face Art. B.Traditional Painters.
C.Wall Paintings. D.Tribal Celebrations.
【解析】这道题是选择最佳标题题。根据首段“However, in many cultures people paint their faces instead.”和后文的具体内容可知，本文主要介绍了面部彩绘这种艺术形式，A项最适合做标题。故本题答案为A。
（2022年·江西）
D
Improvements in technology often happen overnight.Some gadgets get smaller and faster.Others are replaced（代替） by newer things like smartphones.They can do hundreds of things.Here are some old gadgets that people used to use.
…
72.What would be the best title for the passage ( )
D
A.The Changing Phones. B.The Products of Tomorrow.
C.Old Things We Use Today. D.The Things We Used to Use.
【解析】根据文章第一段的内容可以推测出这是一篇讲述过去的物品的故事。答案为D。
命题点九 还原句子
这类题目和阅读B）部分的短文还原还是有点相似的。在做此类题
时，要理解句子之间的关系，比如并列、递进、转折、因果等，或者揣
摩挖空句与本段内容存在的内在联系，比如挖空句为主旨概括句、过渡
性句子还是注释性句子等。例如：
（2021年·江西）
D
Eight hundred years ago, a man in southern Turkey invented an amazing clock.It was more than 7 meters high.At its base（基座） was a life-size model elephant.Every half hour, something amazing happened.The whole clock came alive. Model birds, dragons, and people started to move.
The clock's inventor was an engineer named al-Jazari. He lived in Turkey. Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history.Some historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering”.
We know about al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote.____They include clocks and hand-washing machines.The book also has drawings that show how each machine works. …
66.Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “___” in Paragraph 3.
C
A.He became famous when he was a young man.
B.He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C.It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D.People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
【解析】结合上一句中提到的书本，以及下一句中提到它们包括的内容，从选项中可以看到，C项很好地衔接了前后句的内容。
命题点十 篇章结构
这类题型要求学生完全读懂文章，然后进行分段和判断结构。
（2023年·江西）
D
Why do we yawn
Do you yawn There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning.
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a
race. Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch （强化） the muscles （肌肉） in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.
In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth
very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air.
Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.
72.What would be the best structure of the passage ( )
B
A.&1& B.&2& C.&3& D.&4&
【解析】这是篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了话题；第二至五段介绍了关于打哈欠的事实；第六段进行总结。故该文章是“总—分—总”结构，答案为B。
（2022年·江西）
C
Indonesians love to celebrate.They believe that celebrating and eating together brings good luck.Let's party Indonesia-style.
Would you be surprised to find a New Year's Day in March Indonesians on the island of Bali are getting ready to ring in Nyepi, their New Year.It falls in March or April on the night of the new moon and is a symbol of a fresh start for the people and the island of Bali.On the eve of Nyepi, families and friends get together in the
market.They carry a huge monster which is made of wood and other materials around the village three times.After that, people set it on fire, hoping to drive out evil（邪恶的） spirits.
After Nyepi, a Turun tanah ceremony begins in honor of a child's first steps.At the Turun Tanah, parents invite friends and family to a party to introduce the baby.They put different objects such as a bracelet（手镯）, pen, mirror or toy computer around their baby.If the baby picks up a pen, he or she may be a writer.A child who picks up a gold bracelet may be rich.
While Turun Tanah celebrates the future of a family, Galungan celebrates its past.Ancestors who have died return “home” during this ten-day celebration.And living relatives do their best to make them happy.Tall bamboo poles line the street.People attend the ceremonies and visit their family and village temples.Actors and dancers give performances that tell stories of god fighting against evil.
A year of festivals has come to an end.Don't worry: next year, Indonesia will be buzzing（发出嗡嗡声） again with celebrations, so welcome to the party!
66.Which of the following best shows the structure of the
passage ( )
D
A.&5& B.&6& C.&7& D.&8&
【解析】通过对文章每个段落的分析可知，该文章是“总—分—总”结构，答案是D。
2 还原型阅读理解
考情速递
年份 2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年
文体 说明文 说明文 议论文 说明文 议论文
主旨 竹子的生长特 点、特征和用 途 丝绸的发 现、传播 及运用 失败的 价值 社交媒体 的使用现 状 自己种植
蔬菜的好
处
挖空 位置 段首 1 1 2 3 2
段中 4 4 2 2 1
段尾 0 0 1 0 2
题型分析
【命题特点】
短文还原型阅读理解共5小题，每小题2分，总分值10分。要求学生
阅读一篇短文，然后根据短文内容从方框内所给的7个选项中选择5个恰
当的句子还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。
该部分主要考查学生把握文章结构及根据上下文进行逻辑推理的能
力。文章的体裁有说明文、夹叙夹议的议论文和记叙文，其中以说明文
为主。设空位置有段首、段中和段尾，其中段中设空最多。“双减”政策
之后，题目难度系数有所降低。
【答题技巧】
1.首先浏览方框中所给句子，对其做深加工，画出关键词，设想什
么情况下会使用该句子。
2.接着快速通读全文，把握文章大意。
3.认真阅读文章，边读边填。注意设空位置，根据上下文的语境线
索（代词、连接词、主题关键词等）进行推理。注意确定了一个答案就
从方框中将其划去，不确定的空格空着待填。
4.再次浏览文章，对于未完成的空格，结合全文仔细推敲，合理推
断答案。
5.最后代入所选答案通读全文，检查答案是否符合上下文语境和逻
辑关系。
真题探源
（2023年·江西）
Bamboo is a wonderful plant for many people around the world.
73. . People make tables, clothes, medicine, and musical instruments
with it. Pandas may eat bamboo every day, but people can also eat it.
74. . Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can
watch it grow. The speed of growth depends on the type of bamboo,
the earth and the season. Normal bamboo grows 3—10 cm a day. It
usually grows in tropical （热带的） areas. 75. . Bamboo plants are
B
G
E
found in Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America.
One of the world's oldest building materials is bamboo. Like today,
people use it because it's very strong. They used it to build houses,
boats, and bridges. The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min
River in Sichuan, China almost 1000 years ago. 76. . Also, bamboo
is still used to make houses today, especially in China and Philippines.
As a part of history, bamboo is very important. The great scientist
Thomas Edison did not invent the light bulb （灯泡）, but he made it
perfect. He wanted the material inside to burn for a long period of
A
time. He tried over 1000 different types of materials. 77. . One day,
he tried to use a piece of bamboo and the light bulb lit up for over a
thousand hours. This invention helped other scientists to make the
modern light bulb we use today.
C
A. You can still visit it today.
B. There are over 1000 uses for it.
C. However, none worked very well.
D. Bamboo is light because it is empty inside.
E.It can also be found in other parts of the world.
F.Chinese people like drawing pictures of bamboo.
G. The fastest growing plant in the world is bamboo.
【解析】首先浏览选项，对句子进行深加工，画出关键词（如上），并设想使用该句子时上下文会是何种语境，如选项A前面应该提到某个地点或建筑景点，才能和still visit it相对应；再如选项B，其后可能会举例说明它的一些用途。通过这种深加工，激活大脑思维，有效提取选项中的信息。接着快速通读全文，可知本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竹子的生长特点、特征和用途。获取文章大意之后，细读文章边读边填。
73.___
B
【解析】空属段中设空，上文提到“Bamboo is a wonderful plant for many people”，下文提到竹子的各种用途“People make tables, clothes, medicine, and musical instruments with it. Pandas may eat bamboo every day, but people can also eat it.”。结合选项判断此处选B“它有超过1000种的用途”，句中it指代前文bamboo，符合语境逻辑。
74.___
G
【解析】空属段首设空，下文提到“Some bamboo grows so quickly that people say they can watch it grow. The speed of growth depends on the type of bamboo, the earth and the season.”，此处介绍了竹子生长速度的特征以及影响竹子生长速度的因素，与选项G中的关键信息fastest growing plant相匹配，答案选G“世界上长得最快的植物是竹子”，
75.___
E
【解析】空属段中设空，上文提到“It usually grows in tropical （热带的） areas.”，意思是“竹子通常生长在热带地区”；下文“Bamboo plants are found in Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America.”也是在谈竹子的生长区域，所以75空选E“它也可以在世界上其他地区找到”，E中also呼应前文句子，other parts对应下文中的Asia, Australia, parts of Africa, and South America。
76.___
A
【解析】空属段中设空，该段介绍的是竹子在建筑方面的用途。上文提到“The Chinese made a bamboo bridge over the Min River in Sichuan, China almost 1000 years ago.”意思是“大约在一千多年前中国人在四川的岷江上建造了一座竹桥”，结合选项可知76空选A“今天你仍然可以参观它”，句中it指代上文提及的岷江上的竹桥，符合语境逻辑。
77.___
C
【解析】空属段中设空，该段介绍了爱迪生利用竹子延长灯泡发光时间的故事。77空前文提到“爱迪生尝试了1000多种不同材料”,后文提到“有一天他尝试使用了一种竹子，而这种灯泡可以亮一千多个小时”。据此可推测，爱迪生尝试的1000多种材料效果都不好，所以后面尝试使用竹子。结合选项可知答案选C。句中however表示转折，符合前后逻辑关系。
解题点拨
解答短文还原型阅读理解题，可以使用以下解题技巧提高解题速度
和正确率：
1.关注代词。借助选项及其上下文中的代词，可以快速准确地确定
答案，如73、75和76小题。
2.关注近义词。同一语义场会出现一些同义表达，可用近义词来帮
助确定选项，如74小题。
3.关注逻辑连词。文中前后语句可能存在各种逻辑关系，选项中的
逻辑连词可以帮助学生快速找到体现其相应逻辑关系的前后文语境，如
77小题。
4.关注挖空位置。段首句子可能是该段落的中心句，可通过段落内
容推断出中心句；段中句子可以通过前后语句判断答案；段尾通常是总
结概括性句子，或者是引出下文的过渡句。
谢谢观看
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