牛津译林版英语八年级上册Unit8 Natural disasters Integrated skills& Study skills 知识点讲义

8A U8 Natural disasters
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点单词
1.towel n.毛巾，浴巾
2.rule n.规则；建议 v.控制;统治;支配 →n. ruler 统治者;管理者
3.railway n.铁路
4.burn n.&v.烧伤，烫伤，灼伤
5.daughter n.女儿 granddaughter n.(外)孙女
6.son n.儿子 grandson n.(外)孙子
7.board /n.木板
8.weekday n.工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天)
9.headache n.头痛
10.toothache n.牙痛
11.countryside n.乡下，农村
12.housework n.家务活
13.pancake n.烙饼，薄饼
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点短语
1.try to do sth. 努力做某事
2.get out 出去；出来
3.as...as possible 尽可能......
4.as soon as possible 尽可能块地
5.cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel 用湿毛巾捂住你的嘴和鼻
6. stay low to the ground 保持低到地面
7.protect yourself from sth. 保护自己免受.....
8.protect sb. from sth./doing sth. 保护某人免受/免遭.....
9.thick smoke 浓烟
10.go back into 回到
11.the building on fire 着火的楼房
12.(be)on fire 着火
13.protect oneself 保护某人自己
14. follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
15.learn a lot about doing sth. 学到很多关于
16.learn from sb./sth. 向某人学习/从某物中学习
17.Keep oneself safe 保护某人自己的安全
18.Keep... safe 使......安全
19.traffic accidents 交通事故
20.walk through the flood water 趟过洪水
21.stay away from = Keep/be away from 远离......不靠近.......
22.burn oneself 烫着某人自己
23. keep your hand in cold water 把你的手放在冷水里
24.cover the burn with a clean towel 用干净的毛巾盖住烫伤部位
25.put any cream on sth. 在某物上涂点儿药膏
26.go and see a doctor 去看医生
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点句型
1. Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
2.Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻以防浓烟。
3.Stay low to the ground. 待在离地面低的地方。
4.Never go back into the building on fire. 永不回到着火的大楼。
5.We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic accidents.
我们学到了很多关于防范火灾、水灾、地震和交通事故的安全知识。
6. What should we do if our building is on fire 如果我们的房子着火了,我们应该做什么
7.Remember that we shouldn’t walk through the floor water. 记住我们不应该趟过洪水。
8.First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes. 首先,你应该把(烫伤的)手放在冷水中待10分钟左右。
9. What should I do after that 那之后我该做什么
10. You should go and see the doctor. 你应该去看医生。
Integrated skills& Study skills key points
01.try to do sth.
[教材原句] Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
[考点精析] try to do sth. 尽力做某事;设法做某事，强调动作，表示设法去完成,
否定形式：try not to do sth. 努力不做某事;尽力不做某事
try 常考搭配： ◆try on 试穿，试试看 [7A U7] ◆have a try 试一试
◆do/try one’s best 尽某人最大努力 [7B U7] ◆do/try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力
◆try out for sth. 参加…选拔(或试演) [9A U4] ◆try out 实验，试用
[易混辨析] try to do sth.[9A U6] 与 try doing sth.
易混词汇 含义 用法
try to do sth. 尽力/设法做某事,表示付出一定的努力 表示设法去完成,侧重为达到目的而付出一定的努力,不强调结果。
try doing sth. 试着/尝试做某事,表示尝试,但不一定付出努力 表示抱着试试看的想法去做某事。
[易混辨析] manage to do sth. [9A U3]与try to do sth.
易混词汇 含义及用法
manage to do sth. 意为“设法完成某事”,强调完成了某事，相当于succeed in doing sth。
try to do sth. 意为“努力做某事”,但未必能够完成。
02.get out
[教材原句] Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
[考点精析] get out 意为“出来;出去”,后接of 构成介词短语，意为“从....出来/出去”。
◆get out 出来；出去 [8A U8]
◆get out of 从......出来/出去 [8A U8]
◆get out of 使逃避；避免；摆脱；放弃
[联想拓展] get out of ...还有“(使)逃避;避免;摆脱;放弃”等意思。
The teacher asked the boy to get out of the bad habit. 老师让这个男孩戒掉坏习惯。
03.as soon as possible
[教材原句] Try to get out as soon as possible. 努力尽可能快地出去。
[考点精析] as +形容词或副词原级+ as possible 尽可能..... = as...as one can/could
as +形容词或副词原级+ as possible 可以与as...as one can/could 互换，sb. 与句中的主语保持一致。
◆as soon as possible 尽可能快地 ◆as often as possible 尽可能经常地
04.cover...with...
[教材原句] Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻以防浓烟。
[考点精析] cover vt. 覆盖;盖上 ，
▲① cover ... with ... 用......盖住 (表示动作)；
▲② be covered with... 被...覆盖 (表示状态)。
[复习回顾—cover—8A U4]
[考点精析] cover [C] n. 封面；覆盖物；盖子，罩；庇护所
[复习回顾—cover—8A U6]
[教材原句] The reserve covers an area of over 4 530 square kilometres. 保护区占地面积超过4530平方千米。
[考点精析] cover vt. 范围为,占
◆cover an area of ..., 占地面积为.....
[联想拓展] ▲①cover vt. 覆盖，掩盖
◆cover... with sth.， 用某物把......覆盖 →(被动结构) ◆be covered with 被......覆盖
▲②cover vt. 包括,涉及
05.protect...from...
[教材原句] Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻以防浓烟。
[考点精析] protect vt. 保护,防御,防护 →n. protection 保护
◆protect...against/from... 保护.....免遭.... ，使人或物免受危险、侵袭或伤害等
◆protect sb. from doing sth. 保护某人免遭....
06.stay
[教材原句] Stay low to the ground. 待在离地面低的地方。
[考点回顾—7B U1—stay] stay at sp.
[7B U1] stay vi. 停留，逗留；待 [C] n.停留，逗留◆ linking v. 保持，继续 →(第三人称单数形式)stays
◆stay in + sp. 待在某地
◆stay at home 待在家里 [7A U2 grammar] ◆stay out too late 逗留在外面太晚
◆stay with sb. 和某人待在一起
◆stay up 熬夜 [9A U3] ◆stay up late 熬夜太晚 ◆stay up all night 整晚熬夜
◆stay out 待在户外；(晚上)不回家 [9A U3] ◆stay out all night 彻夜不归
▲①stay n.停留，逗留 [8A U6 reading]
◆a short stay/have a short stay 短暂的停留
◆for a short stay = stay(v.) for a short time 作短暂的停留
▲②stay linking v. 保持，继续/继续处于某种状态 ，后面常跟形容词。
◆stay healthy = stay fit = keep healthy/fit 保持健康
07.on fire
[教材原句] Never go back into the building on fire. 永不回到着火的大楼。
[考点精析] (be) onfire 着火
[联想拓展][中考考点] on 相关短语：
◆at/on weekends = at/on the weekend 在周末 [7A U2]
◆on the phone 通电话 [7A U3] ◆on foot 走路，步行 [7A U3]
◆knock on/at the door 敲门 [7A U5]
◆try on 试穿，试试看 [7A U7]
◆on one’s/the way 在......路上 [7B U5]
◆from then on 从那时起 [7B U6]
◆spend time on/doing sth. 花时间做某事 [8A U2] ◆keep(on)doing sth. 继续，重复做某事 [8A U2] ◆keep on 继续(进行)
◆come on 来吧；赶快；加油 [8A U3] ◆get on 上车 [8A U3]
◆have/take pity on 同情，怜悯 [8A U5] ◆live on 以食…为生 [8A U5] ◆feed on 以......为食
◆on business 出差 [8B U2]
◆and so on… 等等 [8B U4]
◆cut in(on sb./sth.) 打断(谈话),插嘴 [8B U5]
◆on board 在飞机(船、火车)上 [8B U7] ◆carry on 继续开展，继续下去 [8B U7]
◆depend on/upon 依靠；取决于 [8B U8]
◆on one's mind 挂在心上；惦念 [9A U4]
◆get along/on with 与…和睦相处 [9A U8]
◆put on 穿上;上演
◆turn on 打开
◆work on 从事于
◆hold on 等一等(别挂电话)
◆go on 继续
◆take on 承担;呈现
◆call on 访问，拜访
◆get on 相处;进展
◆on time 按时
[复习回顾—catch fire]
[教材原句] Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 一幢教学楼被闪电击中而着火了。
[考点精析] catch fire 着火 ，catch vt.，着火,开始燃烧 →(三单)catches →(Ved)caught
[常考辨析] catch fire 与 be on fire
易混词汇 含义及用法
catch fire 意为“着火”，强调动作
be on fire 意为“着火”,强调状态
[联想拓展—catch] catch vt.，抓住，赶上，接住 ◆catch up with sb. 赶上某人 ◆catch a cold 感冒
[联想拓展—fire] ▲① catch fire 着火 里的fire 为 [U] n. 火
▲② fire [C] n. 炉火， ◆make a fire 生火
08.learn from
[教材原句] We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic accidents.
我们学到了很多关于防范火灾、水灾、地震和交通事故的安全知识。
[考点精析] ▲① learn from sth. 从某物中学习
▲② learn from sb. 向某人学习
[联想拓展] learn v. 学习 →(Ved)learned/learnt →n. learner 学习者
▲learn to do sth. 学习做某事
◆learn of/about 了解，得知
◆learn a lot about sth. 学习更多的关于......
◆learn little of/about 了解很少
09.keep...safe
[教材原句] We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic accidents.
我们学到了很多关于防范火灾、水灾、地震和交通事故的安全知识。
[考点精析] keep...safe 使....安全
◆keep oneself safe 保护某人自己的安全
keep 用作动词时常用的结构： ▲keep +宾语+宾语补足语 使......处于某种状态
[复习回顾—keep doing sth. —7A U7] keep vt.保持 →(过去式) kept
[7A U6] An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果，医生远离我!
[考点精析][中考考点] keep的用法： keep v.保持 →kept
▲①keep+adj. 保持某种状态
▲②keep sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持某种状态
▲③keep sb./sth. +prep. 短语 使某人/某物……
▲④keep (on) doing sth. 持续不断做某事
▲⑤keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 = stop /prevent sb. from doing sth.
▲⑥keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
[联想拓展][中考考点] keep构成的短语：
◆keep fit = keep healthy 保持健康 [7A U6]
◆keep a secret 保守秘密 = keep secrets [8A U1]
◆keep(on)doing sth. 持续不断做某事/继续，重复做某事 [8A U2]
◆keep it secret 保密 [8A U4 ]
◆keep in touch 保持联系. [8B U1] ◆keep in touch (with ...) (与....)保持联系
◆keep sb. from sth. 保护，使免受 [8B U5]
◆ keep sb. from doing sth. = stop /prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
◆keep .…in order 使…保持井然有序 [9A U1]
◆keep quite 保持安静
◆keep away from = keep off 远离
◆keep a/the record 保持纪录
◆keep one’s promise 信守诺言 [9年级考点]
◆keep up with 跟上
◆keep in mind 牢记
◆keep on 继续(进行)
◆keep+adj. 保持某种状态
◆ keep sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持某种状态
◆keep sb./sth. +prep. 短语 使某人/某物……
◆ keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
[常考辨析][中考考点] lend,borrow和keep的用法区别
易混词 含义 表示 用法
lend→lent 借出，借给 主语把东西借给他人 lend sb.sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow 借入，借来 主语从他人处借来东西 borrow sth. from sb. = borrow sb. sth. 向某人借某物
keep→kept 借；保存 主语借用并保存一段时间 keep sth. for +一段时间 借某物多长时间
注意 borrow 和 lend都是非延续性动词,不能与一段时间连用;
keep是延续性动词,可以与一段时间连用
[辨析口诀] “借”有技巧：
主语“借出”用lend，主语“借入”用borrow，想要“保存”用keep.
10.remember that
[教材原句] Remember that we shouldn’t walk through the floor water. 记住我们不应该趟过洪水。
[考点精析] remember◆ vt. 记得，记住 ,其后可以跟名词、代词、动名词、不定式或宾语从句。
remember + that 从句 记得，记住
【中考辨析】 remember doing sth. 与 remember to do sth.
易混词汇 含义 用法
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 表示事情未做
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 表示事情已做
[教材原句] stop n.车站 v. 停止 →(Ved)stopped →(现在分词)stopping
【中考辨析】 stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth.
易混词汇 含义 用法
stop to do sth. 停止做某事 指停下目前正在做的事情
stop doing sth. 停下来去做某事 指停下手中正在做的事情去做另外一件事情
[联想拓展] stop sb. (from) doing sth. = keep/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
中考常考类似的用法：forget，stop，regret，remember
◆forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(还未做) ◆forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)
◆stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 ◆stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
◆regret to do sth. 对做某事感到遗憾 ◆regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
◆remember◆ to do sth. 记得要做某事 ◆remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
注意： to do 表示事情还未做，doing 表示事情已做
11.walk through
[教材原句] Remember that we shouldn’t walk through the floor water. 记住我们不应该趟过洪水。
[考点精析] walk through 走过；趟过
[复习回顾—go through ] go through 穿过，闪过
through的相关短语：
◆walk through the flood water 趟过洪水
◆go through my mind 从脑海中掠过
◆pull myself slowly through the dark 在黑暗中慢慢移动
◆go through 通过 [7B U6]
◆look through 浏览，快速查看 [8A U2]
◆put through 给…接通(电话) [9B U3]
◆break through 突破
[中考考点辨析] cross，across，through，over，pass 和 past
易混词汇 词性 含义 用法
cross vt. 穿过，横过， 表示从物体表面通过→横穿，cross = v.+ across
across prep. 在......对面；穿过，横过 表示从物体表面通过→横穿，可与street，bridge 等搭配
pass vt. 经过 表示从物体旁边经过，pass = v.+ past
past prep. 经过
through prep. 通过，穿过 表示从立体空间内部穿过/通过，可与forest，city，window等搭配
over prep. 越过，跨过 越过，表示从物体正上方经过，over the bridge
12.happen
[教材原句] What should we do when an earthquake happens 地震发生时我们我们该做什么？
[考点精析] happen vi. (尤指偶然)发生;出现 →(Ved) happened
[教材原句] What happened 发生了什么事
[考点精析] happen vi. (尤指偶然)发生;出现 ,主语往往为表示事物的名词或代词，不能用于被动语态。
[联想拓展—1] happen 常用句式:
▲① sth. happens/happened + 地点/时间，表示“某地/某时发生......”
▲② sth. happens/happened to sb. /sth. ，表示“某人/某物发生......(常指不好的事)”。
What happened to you 你怎么了
▲③sb. happen to do sth. [9B U2] ，表示“某人碰巧/恰好做某事”,有时也可与“It happens/happened + that从句”进行转换。
[联想拓展—2] What happened 用来询问某人或某地发生了什么事,还可以以现在进行时、一般将来时或现在完成时呈现。
注意： happen为短暂性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，也不能用于进行时态。
[常考辨析] happen [9A U3] 和 take place
易混词汇 含义 用法
happen 发生;碰巧 多指偶然或突发性事件
take place 发生;举行 一般指非偶然性事件，多指事件的发生是有某种原因或事先安排好的
13.stay away from
[教材原句] Stay away from a window. 远离窗户。
[考点精析] stay away from sth. = keep/be away from sth. 远离某物，不靠近某物
14.first
[教材原句] First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.首先,你应该把(烫伤的)手放在冷水中待10分钟左右。
[考点精析] first 此处用作adv.，意为“首先,最初”,用作状语。
[联想拓展—1] first 的用法总结：
词汇 词性 含义及用法 是否加定冠词 the
first adv. 首先,最初，用作状语 前面可加定冠词 the
序数词 第一 序数词前一般加定冠词the，如果序数词前已有形容词性物主代词和名词所有格,则不再加定冠词
adj. 最初的,首先的；第一流的，常作定语 前面可加定冠词 the
[联想拓展—2] first 的相关短语：
◆ground floor n.(英)底层，一楼 =first floor (美) [7A U3]
◆at first 起初，首先 [8A U2]
◆first of all 首先 [9B U3]
◆first come 名列前茅 ◆for the first time 第一次
▲It’s my/one’s first time to do sth. 这是某人第一次做某事。
[复习回顾—at first]
[教材原句] At first, I felt a slight shake. 开始,我感觉到轻微的晃动。
[考点精析] at first 开始，起初,首先 →(反义短语) at last = finally = in the end 最后;终于;最终
at first 常用于句首或句末,在句中做状语，暗示后文的情况有变化。
[常考辨析] at first 和 first of all，above all
易混词汇 含义及用法
at first 相当于in the beginning,意为“最初,起初”,强调时间上的先后，暗示后面事情的发展有变化，与后来发生的事情相对应
first of all 相当于first/firstly,意为“首先”,强调顺序上的先后,表示一连串动作中的第一个,下文常用next,then等
above all 最重要的是，强调重要性，以引起特别的注意
[复习回顾—first—7A U4]
[教材原句] Usually we do morning exercises first. 通常我们先做早操。
first 此处用作adv.，意为“首先,最初”,用作状语。
The first thing for us is to learn English well. 对我们来说首要的事就是学好英语。
15.burn
[教材原句] Cover the burn with a clean towel. 用干净的毛巾盖住烫伤部位。
[考点精析] the burn 烫伤部位
burn [C] n. ， 烧伤,烫伤，灼伤 ◆ burn oneself 烧伤,烫伤,灼伤自己
[联想拓展] ▲ burn (burned/burnt, burned/burnt) v.烧伤,烫伤,灼伤
◆ burn down 焚为平地，烧得精光 ◆ burn off 烧掉
16.put any cream on it
[教材原句] Should I put any cream on sth. 我该在上面涂点儿药膏吗？
[考点精析] put sth. on sth. 在......上涂点儿......
[联想拓展][中考考点] put 相关短语： [7A U3]
◆put up 搭，竖立：张贴；举起；搭建 [7B U6]
◆put out 扑灭;熄灭 [7B U7]
◆put in 安装；放入,输入；放进，加进 [8A U4]
◆put through 给…接通(电话) [9B U3]
◆put on 穿上;上演;体重增加
◆put off 推迟;拖延
◆put down 写下;放下
◆put away 把....暂时收起来(放好);储存......以备用
◆put back 放回原处
◆put forward 提出；拿出
◆put up with 容忍