中考英语二轮专题复习学案 情态动词

（一）知识讲解
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，在句中通常用来表示“能力”、“允许”、“必要”、“禁止”、“意愿”、“可能”等情感或态度的动词。这类动词词义不完整，不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语，且无人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, have to, be able to, had better, will, should, would等。
考点一：can，may，must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：
1. can的用法：
（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。
如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。
I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。
如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。
如：Can the news be true 这个消息会是真的吗？
—Can it be our teacher 那个人有可能是我们老师吗？
—No, it can’t be our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】—I think Miss Gao ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) must be in the library. She said she would go there.
—No. She __be there, I have just been there.　
2. could的用法：
（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。
如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。
如:Could you do me 你能帮我个忙吗？
—Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的钢笔吗
—Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）
3. may的用法：
（1）.表示请求、许可，比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can正式，如：May I borrow your bike 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。
【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3 —Sure . Here you are.
A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would
(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。
如：He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V
如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。
May you be happy!祝你幸福！
May you succeed！祝你成功！
4. must的用法：
(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。
如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。
Must I hand in my homework right now 我必须现在交作业吗？
（2）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为don’t have to
.如：—Must I finish my homework 我现在必须完成作业吗
(3) must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。
如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。
注意其反意问句的构成形式：
　当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
如：She must have seen the film before (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
You must have met uncle Wang in the shop (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5. need的用法：
（1）need作情态动词时，表示需 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中用have to, ought to或should. Need意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答don’t have to。
如：—Need I stay here any longer 我还有必要留在这儿吗？
—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t ./don’t have to.不，你不必。
(2) .need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。
如：I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。
He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；
②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
例如：. The door nee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要维修了。
7. shall的用法：
shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），
如：Shall we go out for a walk 我们出去散步好吗？
8. should的用法：
（1）.should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
如：We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。
（2）Should have done表示对过去没做的动作的责备、批评。
如：You should have finished your homework.
你应该已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。）
9. will的用法：
will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。
如：I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。
【注意】will与be going to do something区别：
be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，
如：He is going to write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
②. be going t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
③. be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，
如：She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
④.在有条件从句的主句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，一般不用be going to,而多用will,如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
10. had better的用法：
　had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。
如：We had better go now.我们最好现在就走。
You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。
考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:
1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：
Yes,you may. Yes, of course.　Yes, certainly.　Sure .　 No, you can’t.
2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, …must. No,…don’t have to.
3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。
如:Could you do me a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的钢笔吗 —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）
4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：
Yes, please.　All right.　No, thank you.
5. would you…的回答方式有以下几种：
Yes, I will. (No, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) won’t.)　Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)　All right/ OK/ With pleasure.　Certainly. (No, thank you .)　Yes, please.
【例题】—Would you help me show my gratitude to Lily？—_________.
考点三:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：
1.can’t的意义
（1）.can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball.我不会打篮球。
（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表达不可能，如：He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。
（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I … ”这样的问句。
如：May I come in 我可以进来吗？No,you can’t.不，你不能。
（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁
can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…
如：She can’t help crying.她不禁大哭起来。
The children can’t wait to open the box.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。
2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.他也许不在家。
考点四:情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。
More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木。
Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.
很多星星我们都看不到，因为它们离我们太远了。
考点五: “情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。
1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。
如：That man can＇t be her husbandshe is still single.
Who is knocking at the door 　Can it be the postman
2、must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。
如：He must be in his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )office now.Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on.
3、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。
如：The man may be the headmaster.
—Where is Mr Li —He might be working in his office.
—May Mr Li come —He might not come here.
4、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。
如：—Could it be an animal —It could not be，because it is not moving.
5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。
如：It is already 10 o’clock now they should be there.
考点六、情态动词易混淆点
一: can和be able to:
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
如：Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。
He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。
We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。
He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。
I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。
We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。
二:can和may
1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you 我能帮助你吗？　
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：
1)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must
2)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。
如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。
Where can they be now 他们现在可能在哪儿？
That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。
三: may be和maybe
　　 用法区别 常用位置
may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语
maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语
例如：He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。
四：must和have to
1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。
如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。
My brother was very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.
我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I haven’t got a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.
我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。
He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。
2. have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。
如：The composition i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.
作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
3.must没有人称和数的变化，但have to有人称和数的变化。如：
He must go now.
He has to stay at home.
（二）例题精讲
1.--Shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m
---In fact we ________. The train ___ until 10 a.m.
A. mustn’t; doesn’t l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eave B. mustn’t; leave C. needn’t; won’t D. needn’t; will have
2.--Guess what Our team won the school basketball match.
--Congratulations! You ______ be very proud.
A. can B. must C. would D. may
3.She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
4.Liza ______well not want to go on the trip—she hates travelling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
5. You’ll have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) plenty of time tomorrow, so you _______work too late tonight.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. cannot D. shouldn’t
6.The car fell into the ditch, but the driver________ get out of it.
A. can B. could C. was able to D. is able to
7.--Mum, will you b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uy me the new ipad after the High School Entrance Examination
--I’m afraid I ________,dear. We are short of money now.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
（三）中考模拟
1.—________ I swim here
--I’m sorry. Children ________ swim alone here.
A. Must; can’t B. May; must C. Can; mustn’t D. Can’t; can\
2.You_______ come late tomorrow. The plane waits for nobody.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. must
3.—Must I return the book this week
--No, you ________. You can __________ it for 20days.
A. mustn’t; keep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. needn’t; borrow C. needn’t; keep D. mustn’t; borrow
4.—Excuse me, can I smoke here
---No, ________.
A. you must B. you’d not better C. you can D. you’d better not
5.—I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning.
--No, it _____ him. He moved to Canada next week.
A. can be B. must be C. can’t be D. mustn’t be
6.—Is Mr.Smith in his office now
--No, he _______ there. I ______ him in the library a minute ago.
A. may be; saw B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can’t be ; see C. mustn’t be; see D. can’t be ; saw
7.It doesn’t look like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rain, so you ______ bring your umbrella with you.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
8.—Mr Wang ,must I come again on Sunday morning to clean the windows
--No, you _______. I have asked others to do it.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
9.—Can I go fishing with you,Dad
--No, you _______. You _____ stay at home and do your homework first.
A. won’t; may B. can’t; must C. shouldn’t; ought D. needn’t; should
10.—Must we collect the bottles now
--______. You can do it after class.
A. Yes, you may. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. Yes, you must C. No, you mustn’t. D. No, you needn’t.
11These newspaper are free. You ________ keep one if you like.
A. may B. should C. must
（四）课堂练习
1.—Can you ride a horse
--No, I _______.
A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t
2.—Mr. Wang, can I finish my homework tomorrow
--Sorry, you _______.
A. can’t B. don’t C. needn’t D. won’t
3.—May I go out now ,Dad
--No. You ______ let your mother know first.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
4.The work is too hard for him.He ____ finish it on time.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
5.The talented boy ______ write lyrics when he was at the age of ten.
A. may B. could C. must
6.In order to speak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English better, we _______ be afraid of losing face.Because the most important thing is to practice.Remenber,practice makes perfect.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. have to
7.—Fifty dollars for such a shirt! You _____ be joking!
--I’m serous. It’s made of silk.
A. must B. need C. may D. can
8.—Will the new iphone cost a lot
--I _______ think so. Apple’s products are usually expensive.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. would D. must
9.—Whose T- shirt is this
--It _______ be John’s It’s ________ small for him.
A. can’t; much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )too B. can’t; too much C. mustn’t; much too D. mustn’t; too much
10—Must I finish my homework now
--No, you _____. You may have supper first.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t
11.—It’s such a long way! What shall I do？
--You_______ take my car if you want.
A. will B. must C. may D. shall
12.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon
--Yes, you ____.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
13.--____ you swim
--Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer.
A. Can B. May C.Need D. Must
14.—Shall I tell Bob the news
--No, you _______. I’ve told him already.\
A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
15.—Excuse me ,where are we going to have our class meeting
--I’m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He ____ know.
A. can B. may C. need D. shall
16.—It must be John who is in the office.
--I’m sure it ___ be John. I saw him off at the railway station just twenty minutes ago.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. might
17.—Another cup of coffee
--No, thanks. I _____ be off. Mary is waiting for me.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
18.You ________ jum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p onto a bus while it is moving. It’s too dangerous.
A. may not B. mustn’t C. may D. must
19.—Must I _______ my camera,Lily
--No, you ______.Don’t worry. I will take one myself.
A. to take; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mustn’t B. take; needn’t C. to bring; needn’t D. bring; mustn’t
20.—Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.
--It _____ be very expensive. I never even dream about it.
A. must B. might C. can’t D. shouldn’t
21—Look! The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man at the gate _____ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning.
--No, it ____ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.
A. must; can’t B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )must; mustn’t C. can’t ; can’t D. can’t ; mustn’t
22.—Would you like to play basketball with me this afternoon
--I’d love to. But I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ‘m afraid I ______ . I have much homework to do.
A. may B. must C. can’t D. needn’t
第十一讲 情态动词