2023年十一月各地一模D篇阅读理解
目录
1.2023年11月杭州一模
2.2023年11月稽阳联考
3.2023年11月宁波一模
4.2023年11月绍兴一模
5.2023年11月温州一模
6.2023年11月台州一模
7.2023年11月 湖丽衢
8.2023年11月金华十校
9. 2023年11月9+1高中联盟
10.2023年11月 广东省高三六校第三次联考
11. 2023年11月华中师大一附中2023-2024学年度上学期高三期中
12.2023年11月无锡市2023年秋学期高三期中教学质量调研测试
13. 2023年11月辽宁省部分名校高三年级11月联考英语
14. 2023年11月江苏南京外国语学校2023－2024学年度高三年级第一学期期中考试
15. 2023年11月 湖南长沙雅礼中学高三上期中考试
16.河南省TOP二十名校2023-2024学年高三上学期调研考试（七）英语试题
17.2023年11月四川省宜宾市第四中学高三一诊模拟考试
18.2023年11月长春市 2024 届高三质量监测(一)
1.2023年11月 杭州一模
D
Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way.The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision,clarity,and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split.
There is nothing wrong with clarity,precision,and the like-but this isn't the only way to do philosophy. Outside academic journals,abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature,cinema,and song. There's nothing that grabs attention like a good story,and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage,rather than putting the reader to sleep.
One of the great things about this is that,unlike formal philosophy,which tries to be very clear,stories don't wear their meanings on their sleeve—they require interpretation,and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with.
Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics(形而上学)of race—an area of philosophy that explores the question of whether or not race is real.There are three main positions that you can take on these questions.You might think that a person's race is written in their genes (a position known as "biological realism”).Or you might think of race as socially real,like days of the week or currencies(“social constructionism”).Finally,you might think that races are unreal—that they're more like leprechauns ( 一种魔法精灵)than they are like Thursdays or dollars(“anti-realism”).
A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler's novel Black No More.In the book,a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites.Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman's Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure.White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are"really"White from those who merely appear to be White.In a final episode,Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way,which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one's skin—darkening it so as to look more White.
Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life.They are stories to think with.
32.What does the author think of philosophical stories
A.The meaning behind is very obvious.
B.They are extremely precise and formal.
C.They often cause conflicts among readers.
D.They are engaging and inspire critical thinking.
33.Which category might "Christmas"fall into according to paragraph 4
A.Social constructionism. B.Anti-realism
C.Biological realism. D.Literary realism.
34.What is Black No More in paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Racial issues caused by skin colors.
B.A societal view on race and self-image.
C.Black people accepted by the white society.
D.The origin of sunbathing among white people.
35.What is the best title of the text
A.Stories MadeEasy B.Stories to Think with
C.Positions in Philosophy D.Nature of Philosophical Writing
答案
32-35 DABB
2.2023年11月 稽阳联考
D
Scientists have confirmed that fossilized footprints found in New Mexico are between 21,000 and 23,000 years old — meaning humans existed in North America much earlier than previously believed.
It was believed humans existed in North America somewhere between 13,500 and 16,000 years ago. So, were the prints — some of which look distinctly human with five toes — really between 21,000 and 23,000 years old
Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other scientists decided to do a follow-up study, using two new approaches to determine the age of the prints.
“The immediate reaction in some circles of the archeological (考古的) community was that the accuracy of our dating was insufficient to make the extraordinary claim that humans were present in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum,” said co-author of the new study, Jeff Pigati, a USGS research geologist. “But our targeted methodology in this current research really paid off,”
The scientists initially used seeds from the Ruppia cirrhosa plant found in the fossils. They used radiocarbon dating to determine the age of the seeds, but because the plants are aquatic (水生的) and can hold carbon from the water instead of the air, the age estimate could have been off.
So, in the new study, they used radiocarbon dating on conifer pollen, which comes from plants on earth, that were found in the same layers as the seeds. “Even as the original work was being published, we were pushing forward to test our results with multiple lines of evidence,” said co-author Kathleen Springer, a USGS research geologist. “We were confident in our original ages, but we knew that independent time-related control was critical.” The researchers had to isolate 75,000 pollen grains from the same layer and found that their age was statistically identical to the Ruppia cirrhosa seeds.
To further check their dating, they also tested quartz grains found in the footprints using a different dating process, optically stimulated luminescence. They found the quartz had a minimum age of about 21,500 years.
USGS says with three supporting pieces of evidence, it is unlikely the age range of 21,000 to 23,000 years is incorrect.
What can be learned about the newly found fossils
A. They contain diverse sea plants.
B. Most of them look like humans’ footprints.
C. They date bake to the Last Glacial Maximum.
D. They will bring about ground-breaking discoveries.
33. Why did the scientists use conifer pollen for dating in the follow-up study
A. To improve dating accuracy. B. To remove the public doubts.
C. To prove the previous assumption. D. To test the most advanced approach.
34. What was Kathleen’s attitude toward their previous findings about the footprints
A. Uncertain. B. Optimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Reserved.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. Age of fossilized footprints confirmed.
B. Challenges in dating ancient footprints.
C. Early human migration to North America.
D. Radiocarbon dating in archaeological research.
答案：32-35 CABA
3.2023年11月 宁波一模
D
Goldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they possess a rather complicated navigation system, as discovered by researchers at the University of Oxford. Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims to shed light on our understanding of how fish, and potentially humans, estimate distances using what could be described as an internal GPS.
Writing in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Sibeaux and colleagues report how they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes(条纹) on the walls, connected by similar stripes across the floor. The team trained nine goldfish to swim a set distance of 70cm and then return to their starting point when waved at. The experiment aimed to investigate how the fish would estimate this distance without any gestures, under different patterns.
Over multiple trials, the goldfish averaged a swim distance of 74cm, give or take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. However, when the stripe pattern was altered to either narrower vertical stripes, checked patterns, or horizontal stripes, the fish's behavior changed significantly. Narrower vertical stripes led them to overestimating the distance by 36%, while horizontal stripes resulted in highly inconsistent estimations.
According to the researchers, the goldfish appeared to be using an "optic(光学的) flow mechanism" based on the visual density of their environment. They kept track of how frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white to estimate how far they had traveled. The study suggests that different optic flow mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based on angular(有角度的) motion of visual features. The study implies that the use of visually based distance information could have emerged early in the evolutionary timeline.
"This study is novel because, despite knowing that fish respond to geometric information regarding direction and distance, we don't know how they estimate distances," Professor Colin Lever, although not involved in the study, said, "it's exciting to explore fish spatial mapping because fish navigation evolved earlier and better than most mammals."
32. Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux conduct the study on goldfish
A. To test the accuracy of goldfish's internal GPS.
B. To create an advanced navigation system for humans.
C. To uncover how an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.
D. To explore the relationships between goldfish and humans.
33. What can we learn about the experiment
A. People gestured the goldfish throughout the experiment.
B. The tank was decorated with colorful background patterns.
C. Goldfish tended to underestimate distances with horizontal stripes.
D. The change in the tank setting led to the goldfish's incorrect judgment.
34. It can be concluded from the fourth paragraph that ____.
A. optic flow mechanism is unique to humans
B. mammals developed flow mechanism long before goldfish
C. goldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensional visual information
D. visual density of the environment strengthened the locating ability of goldfish
35. What attitude does Professor Colin hold towards the study
A. Neutral. B. Ambiguous. C. Disapproving. D. Favorable.
答案：32-35 CDCD
4.2023年11月 绍兴一模
D
In a groundbreaking effort, scientists at the University of Rochester have successfully transferred a longevity gene from naked mole rats to mice, leading to enhanced health and a longer lifespan for the mice.
Unlike many other species, the rats do not often contract diseases-including cancer-as they age. Vera Gorbunova, the Doris Johns Cherry Professor of biology and medicine at Rochester, along with Andrei Seluanov, a professor of biology, and their colleagues have devoted decades of research to understanding the unique mechanisms (机制) that the naked mole rats use to protect themselves against aging and diseases. The researchers discovered that HMW-HA is one mechanism responsible for the rats' unusual resistance to pared to mice and humans, naked mole rats have about ten times more HMW-HA in their bodies. When the researchers removed HMW-HA from the rat cells, the cells were more likely to form tumors(肿瘤).
“Our study provides a proof of principle that unique longevity mechanisms that evolved in long-lived mammals can be exported to improve the lifespans of other mammals,” says Gorbunova. The Rochester researchers report in a study published in Nature that they successfully transferred a gene responsible for making HMW-HAfrom a naked mole rat to mice. This led to improved health and an approximate 4.4 percent increase in the media lifespan for the mice.
By introducing a specific gene responsible for enhanced cellular repair and protection into mice, there searchers have opened exciting possibilities for unlocking the secrets of aging and extending human lifespan. “It took us 10 years from the discovery of HMW-HA in the naked mole rat to showing that HMW-HA improves health in mice,” Gorbunova says. “Our next goal is to transfer this benefit to humans.”
They believe they can accomplish this through two routes: either by slowing down the degradation of HMW-HA or by enhancing HMW-HA synthesis. “We hope that our findings will provide the first, but not the last, example of how longevity adaptations from a long-lived species can be adapted to benefit human longevity and health.” Seluanov says.
32. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The beneficial effects of HMW-HA on humans B. The comparison between mice and humans in longevity.
C. The process of transferring genes producing HMW-HA
D. The discovery of a unique mechanism for cancer resistance
33. What can we learn about the Rochester researchers
A. They have uncovered the secrets of humans. B. They managed to end the weakening of HMW-HA.
C. They are planning to export longevity genes to humans. D. They have spent 10 years trying to discover HMW-HA.
34. What does Seluanov think of the prospect of extending human lifespan
A. Hopeful. B. Profitable. C. Doubtful. D. Uncertain.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Promise Shown in Control of Human Genes B. Scientists Successfully Transfer Longevity Gene
C. Achievement Made in Extending Human Lifespan D. New Breakthrough Paves the Way for Curing Cancer
答案：DCAB
5.2023年11月 温州一模
D
In 1970s, a psychologist named J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle(九点谜题) . He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants limited the possible solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement (束缚) and continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots.
The fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the sweeping conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The concept enjoyed such strong popularity that no one bothered to check the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams-- Clarke Burmham with Kenmeth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg-ran another experiment.
Both teams followed the same way of dividing participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford's experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent improvement is insignificant as this could be called sampling error.
Let's look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants' performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the much widely spread--and therefore, much more dangerous-metaphor (比喻) that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding.
32. What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on
A. Visual perception. B. Thinking patterns. C. Practical experience. D. Theoretical knowledge.
33. Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment
A. To test the catchy concept. B. To contradict the initial idea.
C. To collect supporting evidence. D. To identify the underlying logic.
34. Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment
A. Groundless. B. Inspiring. C. Fruitless. D. Revealing.
35. Which is the best title for the passage
A. Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity B. Thinking Outside the Box: A Misguided Idea
C. Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test D. Creative Thinking: We Fell For The Trap
答案 32-35 BADC
6.2023年11月 台州一模
D
Lifestyle creep, sometimes called lifestyle inflation, is when living expenses and non-essential expenditures grow with income. In bad cases of lifestyle creep, this unnecessary spending can cut into savings.
Lifestyle creep is most visible among high earners, but anyone can fall into this trap. Who hasn't justified eating out more often every week after receiving a 1 or 2 percent raise The temptation of a more costly lifestyle is difficult to resist. If you're making enough money to afford a larger apartment, shouldn't you move to a larger apartment
Improving your standard of living as your income increases isn't an objectively bad thing, but when that habit cuts into your savings efforts, it can be a major financial risk. As Katie Waters, a financial planner at Stable Waters Financial, says, “Something's got to give.”
Then how to avoid lifestyle creep It just takes the same moderation and planning you used when you had a smaller income. If you can, head off lifestyle creep from the beginning by giving your raise or bonus money a purpose immediately. This can be to pay down debt,save for a house, or add to retirement accounts. This way, you won't be tempted to spend it on a non-necessity. If you fear you've already fallen victim to lifestyle inflation at any level, you can still turn your spending around. If you are putting all your expenses on your credit card, Waters recommends rearranging so only routine, fixed monthly expenses are on the card. “The monthly variable costs--food, clothing, personal care, purchases for the home, the list goes on--are where your money slips away easily.” Waters says, “Calculate your possible savings each pay period and put that money into a separate checking account.”
“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance,” Waters says. “Have fun along the way, but don't let the tail wag the dog.”
32. What can we learn about lifestyle creep
A. It contributes to a pay raise. B. It refers to a high living standard.
C. It sometimes affects a person's savings. D. It only traps people with a high income.
33. Why does the author quote Katie Waters' words in paragraph 3
A. To list the bad consequences of lifestyle creep. B. To stress the importance of giving in one's life.
C. To show that lifestyle creep is quite understandable.
D. To support that lifestyle creep can cause financial problems.
34. What can be done to avoid lifestyle creep
A. Put all the expenses on a credit card. B. Save the bonus money for a non-necessity.
C. Increase the monthly costs on food and clothing. D. Set different checking accounts for specific purposes.
35. What do the underlined words “don't let the tail wag the dog” in the last paragraph mean
A. Don't bite the hand that feeds you. B. Don't put the cart before the horse.
C. Don't do one thing under the cover of another. D. Don't count the chicken before they are hatched.
答案 32-35 CDDB
7 .2023年11月 湖丽衢
D
Far, far below your feet lies a source of nearly endless energy. Earth's core is about as hot as the surface of the Sun, so hot that it melts the rock y layers above it into magma, or liquid rock. Wouldn't it be great if we could tap into all that energy In some places, we do!
The Geysers is an area north of San Francisco in California where magma's heat turns a reservoir of underground water into steam. This region is home to 18 geothermal power plants. The steam rises up through spaces between the rocks underground, a bit like how steam pours from a teakettle boiling on a stove. The power plant has pipelines that send the steam into the turbines (涡轮机) where electricity flow is generated. Once the steam leaves the turbine, it goes into a cooling tower where it turns back into liquid. Then it's piped back into the reservoir to be reheated again. Other kinds of geothermal power plants pump hot groundwater into the power plant.
Then the pressure is reduced, causing the liquid to flash into steam that turns the turbine and generates electricity flow. Once the steam cools and turns back into liquid, it's pumped back down into the reservoir to begin the cycle again.
So why don't we all heat our homes with free steam from the earth First, the heat has to be close enough to the surface for us to reach it. Next, there has to be plenty of underground water to be heated. Finally, there has to be a layer of rock that water or steam can flow through. So in places where all three of those things come together, geothernal energy can be a powerful renewable energy source. Besides, when a geothermal plant returns water back into the hot rocks of a reservoir, it makes the rock crack a bit, which can cause small earthquakes. There's another danger that comes with drilling near magma-pipes and other equipment might melt if they hit a pocket of magma or are caught in an eruption. One geothermal plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018. But engineers are hopeful that the repaired plant will generate even more power. Geothermal energy isn't the answer for everywhere, but it's a piece of the puzzle to help slow climate change.
32. In which part of power plants is the electricity made
A. The turbine. B. The reservoir. C. The pipeline. D. The tower.
33. What prevents free steam from being widely developed according to paragraph 3
A. Hard surface and possible earthquakes. B. Changeable climate and unqualified equipment.
C. Limited underground water and thin layers of rock. D. Unsuitable geological conditions and potential dangers.
34. Why is the buried geothermal plant in Hawaii mentioned
A. To demonstrate the great effort that engineers made. B. To show the power that the repaired plant can generate.
C. To illustrate the danger caused by drilling near magma. D. To praise the engineers who repaired the generate plant.
35. What is the author's attitude towards geothermal energy
A. Unconcerned. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
答案：32-35 ADCD
8 .2023年11月 金华十校
D
If you've got more than one kid, you're showing favoritism, whether you know it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament(性情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He or she may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous," she adds. Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent's attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents.” adds Gidenko
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent's favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status. “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things might be taken away from them at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko.
Newman urges parents to remember that it's not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do. “According to research, parents don't talk about this. They don't say why one child gets more time than another. If they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman.
32. What can we learn about unfavored children
A. They want to please their parents. B. They care little about their siblings.
C. They tend to lack a sense of identity. D. They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
33. What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Blessing. B. Challenge. C. Honor. D. Burden.
34. What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A. Treat their children equally. B. Explain themselves to their children.
C. Strengthen their bond with their children. D. Remove the differences between their children.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. The solutions to parental favoritism. B. The consequences of parental favoritism
C. An analysis of why parents play favorites. D. A contrast between favored and unfavored children.
答案：32-35 CABB
9.2023年11月 9+1高中联盟
D
Businesses are now in cost-cutting mode. Title inflation(头衔通胀) has crept into the workplace. Layoffs, hiring freezes and concerns about a recession(经济哀退) are plaguing employers.
To balance this unique economic environment, employers have figured out a way to comfort employees and job applicants without spending more money. They are offering impressive titles to soften the blow of not providing a raise to internal employees or big compensation to job candidates.
An employee's title is their identity. It gives them credibility in the office and makes them feel more powerful. In this sense, the policy is a sensible way to help keep staff and attract top candidates.
But if you don't really deserve the new title, it could come back and trouble you. Recruiters will be pleased to find a candidate who is a perfect fit for a significant, well-paying position in terms of skills, background, and previous experience. However, a stumbling block arises when they notice the candidate has a higher title than the client offers. Since a recruiter wants to make a placement and earn a fee, they won't waste time and will seek out other candidates who are a better fit.
Even if the recruiters decide to contact the candidate, there's a good chance the candidate won't accept. Because most people aren't aware that their title was inflated and believe it was a reward for their outstanding performance. Understandably, they would be offended if they received a lower-level post. Now that you are at a certain level. you don't want to go backward.
What's more, if your current title is two high, it raises red lags. For example, when searching for a new job,if your title is “director,” but the new role is under that level, the interviewer will curiously inquire, “why do you want to go down in title ” There will be an assumption from the hiring manager that something isn't right. They may feel that the job seeker is leaving before being fired and willing to downgrade. Rather than trying to figure out the motivations of the candidate, they'll move on to others who have a cleaner story without any baggage.
32. What does the underlined word “plaguing” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Shocking. B. Embarrassing. C. Troubling. D. Confusing.
33. What can we learn about employees with impressive titles
A. They lend to look down upon others. B. Their salaries don't match their titles.
C. Their fear of being fired will disappear. D. They get a good platform for development.
34. What will a recruiter probably do if a candidate's title is higher than the client offers
A. Have a discussion with the client. B. Contact the job applicant immediately.
C. Exclude the candidate from consideration. D. Gather more information about the candidate.
35. What is hiring managers' attitude towards those who choose to downgrade
A. Enthusiastic. B. Dismissive. C. Appreciative. D. Doubtful.
答案：32-35 CBCD
10.2023年11月 广东省高三六校第三次联考
D
I spoke to my parents last night and for a moment I forgot I wasn’t really speaking to them, but to their digital replicas(复制品). They live inside an app as voice assistants constructed by the company HereAfter AI.
In fact, my parents are still alive and well; their virtual versions were made to help me understand the technology. Grief tech, which lets you “talk” with the people you’ve loved and lost, has been appearing in science fiction. But now it’s becoming a reality. Although the thought of it makes some frightened, it’s not hard to see the appeal that people might turn to digital replicas for comfort.
However, there is one major limitation. These replicas may sound like someone you love, but they know nothing about you. Anyone can talk to them, and get the same reply in the same tone. “The biggest issue with the technology is the idea that you can generate a single universal person,” says Justin Harrison, founder of a technological service.
Creating a virtual avatar you can have more conversation with contributes to your feeling connected to someone you loved and lost, says Erin Thompson, a clinical psychologist. But a grieving person needs to know that these bots can only capture a small part of someone rather than replace healthy, functional human relationships.
And there are other risks. Any service that allows you to create a digital replica of someone without that person’s participation raises complex moral issues. While some might argue that permission is less important with someone who is dead, can’t you also argue that the person who generated the other side of the conversation should have a say too And what if that person is not, in fact, dead
If digital replicas become mainstream, there will inevitably need to be new regulations around what we leave behind online. And we’ll be better off if we cope with the possibility of these replicas’ misuse before, not after, they reach mass adoption.
Anyway, I feel lucky to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with my parents, face to face, no technology involved.
Which of the following is not a drawback of digital replicas
They can’t vary their response accordingly.
They can’t mirror every aspect of a person.
They may pose threat to the interests of people alive.
It’s hard to gain permission from someone who is not alive.
What’s the author’s attitude towards grief tech
Favorable. B. Reasonable. C. Critical. D. Indifferent.
34. According to the last two paragraphs, what inspiration did the author draw from his experience
Technology is advancing faster than imagined.
Safety risks can be surely avoided by regulations.
Replicas will not be misused before widely adopted.
Cherish the beloved ones when they are still around.
35. What’s the main idea of the passage
Reflections on grief tech.
Ways to overcome our grief.
C. Technology to change our life.
D. Controversy over digital replicas.
答案：CBDA
11 华中师大一附中2023-2024学年度上学期高三期中
D
In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years.
The revival has been encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in the industry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. “We’ve got net zero targets which mean we’re going to have to remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution — due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion systems and beyond.
12. What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2
A. The adoption of petrochemical-based dyes.
B. The challenging net zero targets to be achieved.
C. The fashion industry’s focus on luxurious designs.
D. The disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.
13. The author illustrates “Fashion is a huge polluter” by ______.
A. making a comparison B. giving examples
C. listing numbers D. introducing a new topic
14. What does the underlined phrase “a quiet act of rebellion” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B. An objection to upcycling old clothing.
C. A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry.
D. A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing.
15. What would be the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Environmental Impact of Natural Dyeing
B. Fashion Revolution’s Dye Garden Presentation
C. The Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D. The Petrochemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C
12.2023年11月 无锡市2023年秋学期高三期中教学质量调研测试
D
Are you good at interpreting other people’s emotions Then there’s a good chance that you’re also good at understanding what animals try to say.
A new Danish-Swiss study published in the open journal Royal Society Open Science indicates that empathetic (能共情的) people are also good at decoding (解读) animal sounds. Other factors also improve your chance of communicating with animals — you are more likely to be animal-empathetic if you also work with animals, and the ability seems to peak in those aged 20-29 years old, according to the scientists.
“Our results show that, based on animal sounds, people are able to tell whether an animal is agitated (焦虑不安的) or not and whether the animal expresses positive or negative emotions,” says behavioural biologist Elodie Briefer from the University of Copenhagen’s Faculty of Science. “This is true in connection with a number of different mammals. We can also see that our ability to interpret the sounds depends on factors such as age, first-hand knowledge of animals, and not least how empathetic we are towards other people.”
The study was based on answers from 1024 people across 48 countries. They were introduced to sounds from six mammals: goats, cattle, domesticated horses, Asian wild horses, pigs, and wild boars. The sounds from the six animals were played to the study’s respondents together with sounds of human nonsense (胡言乱语) produced by actors. Afterwards, the participants had to guess whether the sounds expressed a high or low level of agitation, and if the emotions were positive or negative. Following the test, the participants were asked to take an empathy test that measured their empathy towards human beings. “It is a convincing test which measures empathy towards other people,” Elodie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear connection with the ability to interpret animal sounds.”
12. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage
A. By stating opinions. B. By quoting a saying.
C. By giving an example. D. By asking a question.
13. Who might be best at understanding animal emotions based on the study
A. A 15-year-old hard-working student. B. A 25-year-old caring animal raiser.
C. A29-year-old experienced hunter. D. A 30-year-old friendly teacher.
14. What does Elodie Briefer think of the test involved
A. Doubtful. B. Reliable. C. Ineffective. D. Disappointing.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Human empathy extends to animals B. Emotion interpretation helps animals
C. Sound interpretation depends on ages D. Emotion expression protects animals
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A
13.2023年11月 辽宁省部分名校高三年级11月联考英语
D
In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.
Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media Who can we trust How about experts- people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers (阻碍) our ability to grasp the intricacies (错综复杂) of the world.
Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way.
Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality.
Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don’t have time to form so may opinions, so what
Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong
12. What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean
A. Temptation. B. Tradition. C. Convenience. D. Consequence.
13. Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage
A. They meet people’s demand for high efficiency.
B. They generate a sense of complete understanding.
C. They are raised and supported by multiple experts.
D. They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals.
14. What will the author probably agree with
A. Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains.
B. Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness.
C. A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones.
D. People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views.
15. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A. Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity
B. Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension
C. Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships
D. Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
14.2023年11月 江苏南京外国语学校2023－2024学年度高三年级第一学期期中考试
D
ON June 6th Columbia University announced that it will no longer co-operate with US News & World Report’s undergraduate rankings. It is the first top-notch institution to do so. Might its departure be the start of a mass departure
Columbia’s decision follows a rankings scandal last year. In February 2022 one of Columbia’s own maths professors accused the college of fudging its data in several areas. The university later admitted to having used “outdated and/or incorrect methodologies”.
In the 1980s prospective students started to expand their college search beyond their local area, and it was hard to learn about universities and compare them. Hence, US News began ranking America’s top universities in 1983, and has released its findings annually since 1988.
Colleges have gone to great lengths to move up in the ratings. Richard Freeland, Northeastern University’s former president, capped class sizes and hired faculty to improve its spot; it moved from 127th in 2003 to 44th this year. Others went too far. A dean at Temple University’s business school was sentenced to prison and was ordered to pay a $250,000 fine after being found guilty of fraud in relation to artificially inflating his programme’s rankings.
The ranking system used to seem unstoppable. Universities have tried to ditch it before, only to find that doing so can backfire badly. US News still ranks non-participating universities, using publicly available information, and the data often do not go in their favour. Reed College, a liberal-arts college, stopped taking part in 1995. It tumbled from the top quartile to the bottom. Columbia did not submit data for this year’s analysis, citing concerns about Dr Thaddeus’s claims, and its ranking fell from second in 2021-22 (tied with Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology) to 18th in 2022-23 (tied with the University of Notre Dame).
Recently the mood has begun to change, however, especially among graduate schools. In 2022, of the 15 highest-ranked law schools, only the University of Chicago submitted data. Some undergraduate schools have already opted out this year (Rhode Island School of Design, Colorado College, Stillman College), but none are as prestigious as Columbia.
In May US News announced changes to its rankings methodology. It is moving away from metrics that rely on reputation and towards student outcomes. One way or another, the rankings—and universities more broadly—are in a state of constant change.
32. What is true about the US News undergraduate rankings
A. It faked the information for the ratings. B. It filled an information gat at one time.
C. It promoted the quality of higher education. D. It has been released every year for 40 years.
33. If a college does not cooperate with US News, ______.
A. it will be ordered to pay a fine B. it will be excluded from the list
C. its ranking will suffer consequently D. its spot in the ranking won’t be affected
34. The underlined word “capped” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. limited B. increased C. inflated D. maintained
35. It can be inferred from the passage that US News undergraduate rankings may focus more on ______ in the future.
A. scores given by former students B. donations from all walks of life
C. evaluations from other colleges D. earnings for college graduates
答案：
BCAD
15.2023年11月 湖南长沙雅礼中学高三上期中考试
D
We’ve been told for years that self-driving cars are just approaching. But it’s time to accept the truth, said Darrell Etherington on TechCrunch: they “aren’t going to happen” in our lifetimes.
I’ve long been excited about the potential of this technology, but my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm. Argo was considered a leader in the field. But Ford feels that “producing profitable, fully autonomous vehicles on a large scale is a long way off”, and it could no longer stomach the increasing costs. This is just the latest setback.
True, General Motors is making progress in trialling driverless vehicles on the roads, but only on a small scale. Tesla is pushing ahead with its self-driving technology, but its ambitions can be limited by an investigation that is looking into some accidents involving its “Autopilot” system. Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers. State-of-the-art robot cars still “struggle” with construction sites, road blocks, and sometimes even simple left turns.
I recently took a ride in a self-driving taxi in the city of Chandler, Arizona. There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect to sitting in the back of a vehicle and watching the steering wheel turn autonomously. To my relief, it slowed when other vehicles behaved improperly. I was just about to feel relaxed and text a coworker when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point. A truck stopped in front of us and wanted to go backwards in order to take a missed turning. Unclear about what to do next, the taxi “chirped(吱吱叫) to call a human specialist to solve the situation”. Fortunately, the truck driver decided to drive on and we continued our way. My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle. Even so, I won’t undervalue the technological advances that have been made — after all, who knows what the future will look like.
32. What can we infer from Darrell Etherington’s words
A. Self-driving cars will be replaced by other technology.
B. Self-driving cars will change our travel mode.
C. Self-driving cars are approaching us.
D. Self-driving cars are just a dream now.
33. What does the underlined word “stomach” probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Endure. B. Reduce. C. Regain. D. Remove.
34. Why General Motors and Tesla are mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To prove self-driving technology has made big progress.
B. To prove self-driving technology has a long way to go.
C. To prove self-driving technology is totally impractical.
D. To prove self-driving technology has great potential.
35. What is author’s attitude towards the self-driving technology
A. Critical. B. Conventional. C. Favorable. D. Indifferent.
答案：
32—35 DABC
16.河南省TOP二十名校2023-2024学年高三上学期调研考试（七）英语试题
D
Mangroves(红树林) grow on the boundary between land and sea. Rooted in the soil exposed to sea water, they support a rich biodiversity and provide a valuable nursery for some sea animals like fish, supporting the food security of coastal communities. More importantly, they can resist natural disasters, thus keeping communities and structures safe and sound.
Over time, these exceptional trees have adapted to withstanding or recovering from the impact of natural disasters such as storms and tsunamis(海啸). When waves pass through mangrove forests, the above-ground roots and branches of the trees reduce wave height and energy. This decreases the waves’ ability to consume the soil and damage coastal buildings, while reducing the risk of flooding for low-lying areas behind the mangrove forests. Over a distance of 100m, wave heights can decrease between 13% and 66%. Over a distance of 500m, mangroves can reduce the height of waves by 50% to 99%.
Dense (茂密的) mangrove forests also reduce wind speeds locally, which has the added advantage of preventing waves in and immediately behind the mangroves. This can potentially reduce its hazard to nearby facilities.
There is growing evidence that mangroves can reduce the impact of tsunamis by lowering the destructive energy of water flowing inland. This was the case notably during the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. Mangrove belts, which are several meters wide, have been shown to decrease tsunami wave height by between 5% and 30%. Wide and dense mangrove forests can also limit the area flooded by tsunamis. However, tsunamis over 4 meters deep may be taller than the mangroves and able to damage or even destroy these trees. Therefore, engineered structures are rarely built to the height of mangroves.
Some mangrove trees can grow up to 60m in height, depending on the species, climatic conditions and available nutrients. Some mangroves also exist as short plants. They are found in the coastal areas of the Americas, Africa, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific. It is estimated that more than three-quarters of the world’s mangroves are now threatened by coastal development, overexploitation, waste disposal and other pressures.
32. What enables mangroves to reduce wave height and energy according to paragraph 2
A. The surrounding soil. B. Their rich biodiversity.
C. The high-lying areas ahead. D. Their natural structure.
33. What does the underlined word “hazard” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Response. B. Contribution. C. Attachment. D. Threat.
34. Why does the author mention the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004
A. To prove mangroves can fight against tsunamis.
B. To say engineered structures are easily destroyed.
C. To show the harmful results brought by tsunamis.
D. To explain the gradual formation of coastal disasters.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Mangroves: the Mirrors of Natural Disasters
B. Mangroves: the Heroes of Coastal Protection
C. Mangroves: Seriously Threatened Plant Species
D. Mangroves: Shelters for Endangered Sea Animals
答案：DDAB
17.2023年11月 四川省宜宾市第四中学高三一诊模拟考试
D
Dedicated educator is on a mission to revive rural education in a remote mountainous community and provide the best education to its children, one school at a time.
With her ponytail and big, square glasses, Cheng Feng looks every bit the schoolteacher. Yet, to many of her students, the 33-year-old is more than that. Cheng’s care for her rural students has extended beyond the classroom and makes her a mother figure to them all.
During the just past summer vacation, Cheng didn’t take time off but paid home visits to rural students of the Liling Primary School, which is located in the mountains more than 120 kilometers from the central area of Poyang county, East Chin’s Jiangxi province.
Most students have been left behind by their parents, who have to go to work far away from home and are looked after by their grandparents.
“Seeing these special families and special children is what made me realize the importance of rural education, and it is one of the major reasons why I have stuck around all these years,” says Cheng, who also grew up in Poyang.
Since learning that one of her students, Tan Yeting, and her brother, were just depending on the small income of their grandparents’ handmade broom business, Cheng would pay regular visits to Tan’s home. She would check the homework assignment of the two children, play games with them and cut their hair. These interactions have helped both children grow in confidence and shake off their timid nature at school.
“Cheng is just like our mother,” Tan says.
“I feel like I can talk to her about anything, ”she adds.
Cheng voluntarily chose to move to the school last year after she learned it was in need of faculty members. She has since helped to improve the teaching facilities, and went out of her way to reach children scattered around the surrounding rural area and persuade them to come to school.
Thanks to her efforts, approximately 200 children in the neighborhood have been able to enjoy a better education.
32．What was Chen Feng doing during the past summer vacation
A．She was on a holiday in the mountain.
B．She was looking after her students in school.
C．She was helping her students with their homework assignment.
D．She was visiting her rural students in remote areas.
33．What do we know about Tan Yeting
A．Her parents deserted her brother and her. B．She is too shy to talk to her teacher.
C．She lives on her grandparents’ small business. D．She leads a care-free and rich life.
34．Which of the following can best describe Chen Feng
A．Caring and warm-hearted. B．Ambitious and optimistic.
C．Responsible and fashionable. D．Considerate and stubborn.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Life Experience of a Rural Teacher. B．China’s Rural Education in Jiangxi Province.
C．A Teacher Devoted to Rural Education. D．A Teacher Who Likes Paying Home Visits.
答案：32．D 33．C 34．A 35．C
18.2023年11月 长春市 2024 届高三质量监测(一)
D
It's a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.
The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes," Su says. But at least, they can keep the existing look of the murals for as long as possible.
32. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A. To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals.
B. To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road.
C. To stress the significance of the restoration work.
D. To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage.
33. Which of the following best describes the restoration work
A. Creative. B. Well-paid. C. Interesting. D. Demanding.
34. What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4
A. Spotting the faded murals in time.
B. Fixing the missing parts of murals.
C. Making preservation of the murals as they are.
D. Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings.
B. The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves.
C. The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation.
D. The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture.
答案：32-35 CDCB
182023年十一月份各地模拟考理解D篇整理 -
1 2023年11月 杭州一模
D
Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way.The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision,clarity,and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split.
There is nothing wrong with clarity,precision,and the like-but this isn't the only way to do philosophy. Outside academic journals,abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature,cinema,and song. There's nothing that grabs attention like a good story,and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage,rather than putting the reader to sleep.
One of the great things about this is that,unlike formal philosophy,which tries to be very clear,stories don't wear their meanings on their sleeve—they require interpretation,and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with.
Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics(形而上学)of race—an area of philosophy that explores the question of whether or not race is real.There are three main positions that you can take on these questions.You might think that a person's race is written in their genes (a position known as "biological realism”).Or you might think of race as socially real,like days of the week or currencies(“social constructionism”).Finally,you might think that races are unreal—that they're more like leprechauns ( 一种魔法精灵)than they are like Thursdays or dollars(“anti-realism”).
A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler's novel Black No More.In the book,a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites.Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman's Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure.White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are"really"White from those who merely appear to be White.In a final episode,Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way,which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one's skin—darkening it so as to look more White.
Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life.They are stories to think with.
32.What does the author think of philosophical stories
A.The meaning behind is very obvious.
B.They are extremely precise and formal.
C.They often cause conflicts among readers.
D.They are engaging and inspire critical thinking.
33.Which category might "Christmas"fall into according to paragraph 4
A.Social constructionism. B.Anti-realism
C.Biological realism. D.Literary realism.
34.What is Black No More in paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Racial issues caused by skin colors. B.A societal view on race and self-image.
C.Black people accepted by the white society. D.The origin of sunbathing among white people.
35.What is the best title of the text
A.Stories MadeEasy B.Stories to Think with
C.Positions in Philosophy D.Nature of Philosophical Writing
22023年11月稽阳联考
D
Scientists have confirmed that fossilized footprints found in New Mexico are between 21,000 and 23,000 years old — meaning humans existed in North America much earlier than previously believed.
It was believed humans existed in North America somewhere between 13,500 and 16,000 years ago. So, were the prints — some of which look distinctly human with five toes — really between 21,000 and 23,000 years old
Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other scientists decided to do a follow-up study, using two new approaches to determine the age of the prints.
“The immediate reaction in some circles of the archeological (考古的) community was that the accuracy of our dating was insufficient to make the extraordinary claim that humans were present in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum,” said co-author of the new study, Jeff Pigati, a USGS research geologist. “But our targeted methodology in this current research really paid off,”
The scientists initially used seeds from the Ruppia cirrhosa plant found in the fossils. They used radiocarbon dating to determine the age of the seeds, but because the plants are aquatic (水生的) and can hold carbon from the water instead of the air, the age estimate could have been off.
So, in the new study, they used radiocarbon dating on conifer pollen, which comes from plants on earth, that were found in the same layers as the seeds. “Even as the original work was being published, we were pushing forward to test our results with multiple lines of evidence,” said co-author Kathleen Springer, a USGS research geologist. “We were confident in our original ages, but we knew that independent time-related control was critical.” The researchers had to isolate 75,000 pollen grains from the same layer and found that their age was statistically identical to the Ruppia cirrhosa seeds.
To further check their dating, they also tested quartz grains found in the footprints using a different dating process, optically stimulated luminescence. They found the quartz had a minimum age of about 21,500 years.
USGS says with three supporting pieces of evidence, it is unlikely the age range of 21,000 to 23,000 years is incorrect.
What can be learned about the newly found fossils
A. They contain diverse sea plants.
B. Most of them look like humans’ footprints.
C. They date bake to the Last Glacial Maximum.
D. They will bring about ground-breaking discoveries.
33. Why did the scientists use conifer pollen for dating in the follow-up study
A. To improve dating accuracy. B. To remove the public doubts.
C. To prove the previous assumption. D. To test the most advanced approach.
34. What was Kathleen’s attitude toward their previous findings about the footprints
A. Uncertain. B. Optimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Reserved.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. Age of fossilized footprints confirmed.
B. Challenges in dating ancient footprints.
C. Early human migration to North America.
D. Radiocarbon dating in archaeological research.
3 2023年11月宁波一模
D
Goldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they possess a rather complicated navigation system, as discovered by researchers at the University of Oxford. Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims to shed light on our understanding of how fish, and potentially humans, estimate distances using what could be described as an internal GPS.
Writing in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Sibeaux and colleagues report how they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes(条纹) on the walls, connected by similar stripes across the floor. The team trained nine goldfish to swim a set distance of 70cm and then return to their starting point when waved at. The experiment aimed to investigate how the fish would estimate this distance without any gestures, under different patterns.
Over multiple trials, the goldfish averaged a swim distance of 74cm, give or take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. However, when the stripe pattern was altered to either narrower vertical stripes, checked patterns, or horizontal stripes, the fish's behavior changed significantly. Narrower vertical stripes led them to overestimating the distance by 36%, while horizontal stripes resulted in highly inconsistent estimations.
According to the researchers, the goldfish appeared to be using an "optic(光学的) flow mechanism" based on the visual density of their environment. They kept track of how frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white to estimate how far they had traveled. The study suggests that different optic flow mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based on angular(有角度的) motion of visual features. The study implies that the use of visually based distance information could have emerged early in the evolutionary timeline.
"This study is novel because, despite knowing that fish respond to geometric information regarding direction and distance, we don't know how they estimate distances," Professor Colin Lever, although not involved in the study, said, "it's exciting to explore fish spatial mapping because fish navigation evolved earlier and better than most mammals."
32. Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux conduct the study on goldfish
A. To test the accuracy of goldfish's internal GPS.
B. To create an advanced navigation system for humans.
C. To uncover how an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.
D. To explore the relationships between goldfish and humans.
33. What can we learn about the experiment
A. People gestured the goldfish throughout the experiment.
B. The tank was decorated with colorful background patterns.
C. Goldfish tended to underestimate distances with horizontal stripes.
D. The change in the tank setting led to the goldfish's incorrect judgment.
34. It can be concluded from the fourth paragraph that ____.
A. optic flow mechanism is unique to humans
B. mammals developed flow mechanism long before goldfish
C. goldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensional visual information
D. visual density of the environment strengthened the locating ability of goldfish
35. What attitude does Professor Colin hold towards the study
A. Neutral. B. Ambiguous. C. Disapproving. D. Favorable.
4 2023年11月绍兴一模
D
In a groundbreaking effort, scientists at the University of Rochester have successfully transferred a longevity gene from naked mole rats to mice, leading to enhanced health and a longer lifespan for the mice.
Unlike many other species, the rats do not often contract diseases-including cancer-as they age. Vera Gorbunova, the Doris Johns Cherry Professor of biology and medicine at Rochester, along with Andrei Seluanov, a professor of biology, and their colleagues have devoted decades of research to understanding the unique mechanisms (机制) that the naked mole rats use to protect themselves against aging and diseases. The researchers discovered that HMW-HA is one mechanism responsible for the rats' unusual resistance to pared to mice and humans, naked mole rats have about ten times more HMW-HA in their bodies. When the researchers removed HMW-HA from the rat cells, the cells were more likely to form tumors(肿瘤).
“Our study provides a proof of principle that unique longevity mechanisms that evolved in long-lived mammals can be exported to improve the lifespans of other mammals,” says Gorbunova. The Rochester researchers report in a study published in Nature that they successfully transferred a gene responsible for making HMW-HAfrom a naked mole rat to mice. This led to improved health and an approximate 4.4 percent increase in the media lifespan for the mice.
By introducing a specific gene responsible for enhanced cellular repair and protection into mice, there searchers have opened exciting possibilities for unlocking the secrets of aging and extending human lifespan. “It took us 10 years from the discovery of HMW-HA in the naked mole rat to showing that HMW-HA improves health in mice,” Gorbunova says. “Our next goal is to transfer this benefit to humans.”
They believe they can accomplish this through two routes: either by slowing down the degradation of HMW-HA or by enhancing HMW-HA synthesis. “We hope that our findings will provide the first, but not the last, example of how longevity adaptations from a long-lived species can be adapted to benefit human longevity and health.” Seluanov says.
32. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The beneficial effects of HMW-HA on humans B. The comparison between mice and humans in longevity.
C. The process of transferring genes producing HMW-HA
D. The discovery of a unique mechanism for cancer resistance
33. What can we learn about the Rochester researchers
A. They have uncovered the secrets of humans. B. They managed to end the weakening of HMW-HA.
C. They are planning to export longevity genes to humans. D. They have spent 10 years trying to discover HMW-HA.
34. What does Seluanov think of the prospect of extending human lifespan
A. Hopeful. B. Profitable. C. Doubtful. D. Uncertain.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Promise Shown in Control of Human Genes B. Scientists Successfully Transfer Longevity Gene
C. Achievement Made in Extending Human Lifespan D. New Breakthrough Paves the Way for Curing Cancer
5 2023年11月温州一模
D
In 1970s, a psychologist named J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle(九点谜题) . He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants limited the possible solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement (束缚) and continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots.
The fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the sweeping conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The concept enjoyed such strong popularity that no one bothered to check the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams-- Clarke Burmham with Kenmeth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg-ran another experiment.
Both teams followed the same way of dividing participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford's experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent improvement is insignificant as this could be called sampling error.
Let's look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants' performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the much widely spread--and therefore, much more dangerous-metaphor (比喻) that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding.
32. What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on
A. Visual perception. B. Thinking patterns. C. Practical experience. D. Theoretical knowledge.
33. Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment
A. To test the catchy concept. B. To contradict the initial idea.
C. To collect supporting evidence. D. To identify the underlying logic.
34. Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment
A. Groundless. B. Inspiring. C. Fruitless. D. Revealing.
35. Which is the best title for the passage
A. Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity B. Thinking Outside the Box: A Misguided Idea
C. Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test D. Creative Thinking: We Fell For The Trap
6 2023年11月台州一模
D
Lifestyle creep, sometimes called lifestyle inflation, is when living expenses and non-essential expenditures grow with income. In bad cases of lifestyle creep, this unnecessary spending can cut into savings.
Lifestyle creep is most visible among high earners, but anyone can fall into this trap. Who hasn't justified eating out more often every week after receiving a 1 or 2 percent raise The temptation of a more costly lifestyle is difficult to resist. If you're making enough money to afford a larger apartment, shouldn't you move to a larger apartment
Improving your standard of living as your income increases isn't an objectively bad thing, but when that habit cuts into your savings efforts, it can be a major financial risk. As Katie Waters, a financial planner at Stable Waters Financial, says, “Something's got to give.”
Then how to avoid lifestyle creep It just takes the same moderation and planning you used when you had a smaller income. If you can, head off lifestyle creep from the beginning by giving your raise or bonus money a purpose immediately. This can be to pay down debt,save for a house, or add to retirement accounts. This way, you won't be tempted to spend it on a non-necessity. If you fear you've already fallen victim to lifestyle inflation at any level, you can still turn your spending around. If you are putting all your expenses on your credit card, Waters recommends rearranging so only routine, fixed monthly expenses are on the card. “The monthly variable costs--food, clothing, personal care, purchases for the home, the list goes on--are where your money slips away easily.” Waters says, “Calculate your possible savings each pay period and put that money into a separate checking account.”
“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance,” Waters says. “Have fun along the way, but don't let the tail wag the dog.”
32. What can we learn about lifestyle creep
A. It contributes to a pay raise. B. It refers to a high living standard.
C. It sometimes affects a person's savings. D. It only traps people with a high income.
33. Why does the author quote Katie Waters' words in paragraph 3
A. To list the bad consequences of lifestyle creep. B. To stress the importance of giving in one's life.
C. To show that lifestyle creep is quite understandable.
D. To support that lifestyle creep can cause financial problems.
34. What can be done to avoid lifestyle creep
A. Put all the expenses on a credit card. B. Save the bonus money for a non-necessity.
C. Increase the monthly costs on food and clothing. D. Set different checking accounts for specific purposes.
35. What do the underlined words “don't let the tail wag the dog” in the last paragraph mean
A. Don't bite the hand that feeds you. B. Don't put the cart before the horse.
C. Don't do one thing under the cover of another. D. Don't count the chicken before they are hatched.
7 2023年11月湖丽衢
D
Far, far below your feet lies a source of nearly endless energy. Earth's core is about as hot as the surface of the Sun, so hot that it melts the rock y layers above it into magma, or liquid rock. Wouldn't it be great if we could tap into all that energy In some places, we do!
The Geysers is an area north of San Francisco in California where magma's heat turns a reservoir of underground water into steam. This region is home to 18 geothermal power plants. The steam rises up through spaces between the rocks underground, a bit like how steam pours from a teakettle boiling on a stove. The power plant has pipelines that send the steam into the turbines (涡轮机) where electricity flow is generated. Once the steam leaves the turbine, it goes into a cooling tower where it turns back into liquid. Then it's piped back into the reservoir to be reheated again. Other kinds of geothermal power plants pump hot groundwater into the power plant.
Then the pressure is reduced, causing the liquid to flash into steam that turns the turbine and generates electricity flow. Once the steam cools and turns back into liquid, it's pumped back down into the reservoir to begin the cycle again.
So why don't we all heat our homes with free steam from the earth First, the heat has to be close enough to the surface for us to reach it. Next, there has to be plenty of underground water to be heated. Finally, there has to be a layer of rock that water or steam can flow through. So in places where all three of those things come together, geothernal energy can be a powerful renewable energy source. Besides, when a geothermal plant returns water back into the hot rocks of a reservoir, it makes the rock crack a bit, which can cause small earthquakes. There's another danger that comes with drilling near magma-pipes and other equipment might melt if they hit a pocket of magma or are caught in an eruption. One geothermal plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018. But engineers are hopeful that the repaired plant will generate even more power. Geothermal energy isn't the answer for everywhere, but it's a piece of the puzzle to help slow climate change.
32. In which part of power plants is the electricity made
A. The turbine. B. The reservoir. C. The pipeline. D. The tower.
33. What prevents free steam from being widely developed according to paragraph 3
A. Hard surface and possible earthquakes. B. Changeable climate and unqualified equipment.
C. Limited underground water and thin layers of rock. D. Unsuitable geological conditions and potential dangers.
34. Why is the buried geothermal plant in Hawaii mentioned
A. To demonstrate the great effort that engineers made. B. To show the power that the repaired plant can generate.
C. To illustrate the danger caused by drilling near magma. D. To praise the engineers who repaired the generate plant.
35. What is the author's attitude towards geothermal energy
A. Unconcerned. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
8 2023年11月金华十校
D
If you've got more than one kid, you're showing favoritism, whether you know it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament(性情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He or she may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous," she adds. Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent's attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents.” adds Gidenko
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent's favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status. “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things might be taken away from them at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko.
Newman urges parents to remember that it's not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do. “According to research, parents don't talk about this. They don't say why one child gets more time than another. If they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman.
32. What can we learn about unfavored children
A. They want to please their parents. B. They care little about their siblings.
C. They tend to lack a sense of identity. D. They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
33. What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Blessing. B. Challenge. C. Honor. D. Burden.
34. What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A. Treat their children equally. B. Explain themselves to their children.
C. Strengthen their bond with their children. D. Remove the differences between their children.
35. What is the text mainly about
A. The solutions to parental favoritism. B. The consequences of parental favoritism
C. An analysis of why parents play favorites. D. A contrast between favored and unfavored children.
9 2023年11月9+1高中联盟
D
Businesses are now in cost-cutting mode. Title inflation(头衔通胀) has crept into the workplace. Layoffs, hiring freezes and concerns about a recession(经济哀退) are plaguing employers.
To balance this unique economic environment, employers have figured out a way to comfort employees and job applicants without spending more money. They are offering impressive titles to soften the blow of not providing a raise to internal employees or big compensation to job candidates.
An employee's title is their identity. It gives them credibility in the office and makes them feel more powerful. In this sense, the policy is a sensible way to help keep staff and attract top candidates.
But if you don't really deserve the new title, it could come back and trouble you. Recruiters will be pleased to find a candidate who is a perfect fit for a significant, well-paying position in terms of skills, background, and previous experience. However, a stumbling block arises when they notice the candidate has a higher title than the client offers. Since a recruiter wants to make a placement and earn a fee, they won't waste time and will seek out other candidates who are a better fit.
Even if the recruiters decide to contact the candidate, there's a good chance the candidate won't accept. Because most people aren't aware that their title was inflated and believe it was a reward for their outstanding performance. Understandably, they would be offended if they received a lower-level post. Now that you are at a certain level. you don't want to go backward.
What's more, if your current title is two high, it raises red lags. For example, when searching for a new job,if your title is “director,” but the new role is under that level, the interviewer will curiously inquire, “why do you want to go down in title ” There will be an assumption from the hiring manager that something isn't right. They may feel that the job seeker is leaving before being fired and willing to downgrade. Rather than trying to figure out the motivations of the candidate, they'll move on to others who have a cleaner story without any baggage.
32. What does the underlined word “plaguing” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Shocking. B. Embarrassing. C. Troubling. D. Confusing.
33. What can we learn about employees with impressive titles
A. They lend to look down upon others. B. Their salaries don't match their titles.
C. Their fear of being fired will disappear. D. They get a good platform for development.
34. What will a recruiter probably do if a candidate's title is higher than the client offers
A. Have a discussion with the client. B. Contact the job applicant immediately.
C. Exclude the candidate from consideration. D. Gather more information about the candidate.
35. What is hiring managers' attitude towards those who choose to downgrade
A. Enthusiastic. B. Dismissive. C. Appreciative. D. Doubtful.
10 2023年11月广东省高三六校第三次联考
D
I spoke to my parents last night and for a moment I forgot I wasn’t really speaking to them, but to their digital replicas(复制品). They live inside an app as voice assistants constructed by the company HereAfter AI.
In fact, my parents are still alive and well; their virtual versions were made to help me understand the technology. Grief tech, which lets you “talk” with the people you’ve loved and lost, has been appearing in science fiction. But now it’s becoming a reality. Although the thought of it makes some frightened, it’s not hard to see the appeal that people might turn to digital replicas for comfort.
However, there is one major limitation. These replicas may sound like someone you love, but they know nothing about you. Anyone can talk to them, and get the same reply in the same tone. “The biggest issue with the technology is the idea that you can generate a single universal person,” says Justin Harrison, founder of a technological service.
Creating a virtual avatar you can have more conversation with contributes to your feeling connected to someone you loved and lost, says Erin Thompson, a clinical psychologist. But a grieving person needs to know that these bots can only capture a small part of someone rather than replace healthy, functional human relationships.
And there are other risks. Any service that allows you to create a digital replica of someone without that person’s participation raises complex moral issues. While some might argue that permission is less important with someone who is dead, can’t you also argue that the person who generated the other side of the conversation should have a say too And what if that person is not, in fact, dead
If digital replicas become mainstream, there will inevitably need to be new regulations around what we leave behind online. And we’ll be better off if we cope with the possibility of these replicas’ misuse before, not after, they reach mass adoption.
Anyway, I feel lucky to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with my parents, face to face, no technology involved.
Which of the following is not a drawback of digital replicas
They can’t vary their response accordingly.
They can’t mirror every aspect of a person.
They may pose threat to the interests of people alive.
It’s hard to gain permission from someone who is not alive.
What’s the author’s attitude towards grief tech
Favorable. B. Reasonable. C. Critical. D. Indifferent.
34. According to the last two paragraphs, what inspiration did the author draw from his experience
Technology is advancing faster than imagined.
Safety risks can be surely avoided by regulations.
Replicas will not be misused before widely adopted.
Cherish the beloved ones when they are still around.
35. What’s the main idea of the passage
Reflections on grief tech.
Ways to overcome our grief.
C. Technology to change our life.
D. Controversy over digital replicas.
11 2023年11月华中师大一附中2023-2024学年度上学期高三期中
D
In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years.
The revival has been encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in the industry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. “We’ve got net zero targets which mean we’re going to have to remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution — due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion systems and beyond.
12. What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2
A. The adoption of petrochemical-based dyes.
B. The challenging net zero targets to be achieved.
C. The fashion industry’s focus on luxurious designs.
D. The disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.
13. The author illustrates “Fashion is a huge polluter” by ______.
A. making a comparison B. giving examples
C. listing numbers D. introducing a new topic
14. What does the underlined phrase “a quiet act of rebellion” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B. An objection to upcycling old clothing.
C. A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry.
D. A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing.
15. What would be the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Environmental Impact of Natural Dyeing
B. Fashion Revolution’s Dye Garden Presentation
C. The Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D. The Petrochemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
12 2023年11月无锡市2023年秋学期高三期中教学质量调研测试
D
Are you good at interpreting other people’s emotions Then there’s a good chance that you’re also good at understanding what animals try to say.
A new Danish-Swiss study published in the open journal Royal Society Open Science indicates that empathetic (能共情的) people are also good at decoding (解读) animal sounds. Other factors also improve your chance of communicating with animals — you are more likely to be animal-empathetic if you also work with animals, and the ability seems to peak in those aged 20-29 years old, according to the scientists.
“Our results show that, based on animal sounds, people are able to tell whether an animal is agitated (焦虑不安的) or not and whether the animal expresses positive or negative emotions,” says behavioural biologist Elodie Briefer from the University of Copenhagen’s Faculty of Science. “This is true in connection with a number of different mammals. We can also see that our ability to interpret the sounds depends on factors such as age, first-hand knowledge of animals, and not least how empathetic we are towards other people.”
The study was based on answers from 1024 people across 48 countries. They were introduced to sounds from six mammals: goats, cattle, domesticated horses, Asian wild horses, pigs, and wild boars. The sounds from the six animals were played to the study’s respondents together with sounds of human nonsense (胡言乱语) produced by actors. Afterwards, the participants had to guess whether the sounds expressed a high or low level of agitation, and if the emotions were positive or negative. Following the test, the participants were asked to take an empathy test that measured their empathy towards human beings. “It is a convincing test which measures empathy towards other people,” Elodie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear connection with the ability to interpret animal sounds.”
12. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage
A. By stating opinions. B. By quoting a saying.
C. By giving an example. D. By asking a question.
13. Who might be best at understanding animal emotions based on the study
A. A 15-year-old hard-working student. B. A 25-year-old caring animal raiser.
C. A29-year-old experienced hunter. D. A 30-year-old friendly teacher.
14. What does Elodie Briefer think of the test involved
A. Doubtful. B. Reliable. C. Ineffective. D. Disappointing.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Human empathy extends to animals B. Emotion interpretation helps animals
C. Sound interpretation depends on ages D. Emotion expression protects animals
13 2023年11月辽宁省部分名校高三年级11月联考英语
D
In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.
Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media Who can we trust How about experts- people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers (阻碍) our ability to grasp the intricacies (错综复杂) of the world.
Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way.
Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality.
Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don’t have time to form so may opinions, so what
Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong
12. What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean
A. Temptation. B. Tradition. C. Convenience. D. Consequence.
13. Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage
A. They meet people’s demand for high efficiency.
B. They generate a sense of complete understanding.
C. They are raised and supported by multiple experts.
D. They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals.
14. What will the author probably agree with
A. Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains.
B. Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness.
C. A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones.
D. People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views.
15. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A. Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity
B. Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension
C. Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships
D. Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification
14 2023年11月江苏南京外国语学校2023－2024学年度高三年级第一学期期中考试
D
ON June 6th Columbia University announced that it will no longer co-operate with US News & World Report’s undergraduate rankings. It is the first top-notch institution to do so. Might its departure be the start of a mass departure
Columbia’s decision follows a rankings scandal last year. In February 2022 one of Columbia’s own maths professors accused the college of fudging its data in several areas. The university later admitted to having used “outdated and/or incorrect methodologies”.
In the 1980s prospective students started to expand their college search beyond their local area, and it was hard to learn about universities and compare them. Hence, US News began ranking America’s top universities in 1983, and has released its findings annually since 1988.
Colleges have gone to great lengths to move up in the ratings. Richard Freeland, Northeastern University’s former president, capped class sizes and hired faculty to improve its spot; it moved from 127th in 2003 to 44th this year. Others went too far. A dean at Temple University’s business school was sentenced to prison and was ordered to pay a $250,000 fine after being found guilty of fraud in relation to artificially inflating his programme’s rankings.
The ranking system used to seem unstoppable. Universities have tried to ditch it before, only to find that doing so can backfire badly. US News still ranks non-participating universities, using publicly available information, and the data often do not go in their favour. Reed College, a liberal-arts college, stopped taking part in 1995. It tumbled from the top quartile to the bottom. Columbia did not submit data for this year’s analysis, citing concerns about Dr Thaddeus’s claims, and its ranking fell from second in 2021-22 (tied with Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology) to 18th in 2022-23 (tied with the University of Notre Dame).
Recently the mood has begun to change, however, especially among graduate schools. In 2022, of the 15 highest-ranked law schools, only the University of Chicago submitted data. Some undergraduate schools have already opted out this year (Rhode Island School of Design, Colorado College, Stillman College), but none are as prestigious as Columbia.
In May US News announced changes to its rankings methodology. It is moving away from metrics that rely on reputation and towards student outcomes. One way or another, the rankings—and universities more broadly—are in a state of constant change.
32. What is true about the US News undergraduate rankings
A. It faked the information for the ratings. B. It filled an information gat at one time.
C. It promoted the quality of higher education. D. It has been released every year for 40 years.
33. If a college does not cooperate with US News, ______.
A. it will be ordered to pay a fine B. it will be excluded from the list
C. its ranking will suffer consequently D. its spot in the ranking won’t be affected
34. The underlined word “capped” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. limited B. increased C. inflated D. maintained
35. It can be inferred from the passage that US News undergraduate rankings may focus more on ______ in the future.
A. scores given by former students B. donations from all walks of life
C. evaluations from other colleges D. earnings for college graduates
15 2023年11月湖南长沙雅礼中学高三上期中考试
D
We’ve been told for years that self-driving cars are just approaching. But it’s time to accept the truth, said Darrell Etherington on TechCrunch: they “aren’t going to happen” in our lifetimes.
I’ve long been excited about the potential of this technology, but my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm. Argo was considered a leader in the field. But Ford feels that “producing profitable, fully autonomous vehicles on a large scale is a long way off”, and it could no longer stomach the increasing costs. This is just the latest setback.
True, General Motors is making progress in trialling driverless vehicles on the roads, but only on a small scale. Tesla is pushing ahead with its self-driving technology, but its ambitions can be limited by an investigation that is looking into some accidents involving its “Autopilot” system. Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers. State-of-the-art robot cars still “struggle” with construction sites, road blocks, and sometimes even simple left turns.
I recently took a ride in a self-driving taxi in the city of Chandler, Arizona. There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect to sitting in the back of a vehicle and watching the steering wheel turn autonomously. To my relief, it slowed when other vehicles behaved improperly. I was just about to feel relaxed and text a coworker when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point. A truck stopped in front of us and wanted to go backwards in order to take a missed turning. Unclear about what to do next, the taxi “chirped(吱吱叫) to call a human specialist to solve the situation”. Fortunately, the truck driver decided to drive on and we continued our way. My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle. Even so, I won’t undervalue the technological advances that have been made — after all, who knows what the future will look like.
32. What can we infer from Darrell Etherington’s words
A. Self-driving cars will be replaced by other technology.
B. Self-driving cars will change our travel mode.
C. Self-driving cars are approaching us.
D. Self-driving cars are just a dream now.
33. What does the underlined word “stomach” probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Endure. B. Reduce. C. Regain. D. Remove.
34. Why General Motors and Tesla are mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To prove self-driving technology has made big progress.
B. To prove self-driving technology has a long way to go.
C. To prove self-driving technology is totally impractical.
D. To prove self-driving technology has great potential.
35. What is author’s attitude towards the self-driving technology
A. Critical. B. Conventional. C. Favorable. D. Indifferent.
16.河南省TOP二十名校2023-2024学年高三上学期调研考试（七）英语试题
D
Mangroves(红树林) grow on the boundary between land and sea. Rooted in the soil exposed to sea water, they support a rich biodiversity and provide a valuable nursery for some sea animals like fish, supporting the food security of coastal communities. More importantly, they can resist natural disasters, thus keeping communities and structures safe and sound.
Over time, these exceptional trees have adapted to withstanding or recovering from the impact of natural disasters such as storms and tsunamis(海啸). When waves pass through mangrove forests, the above-ground roots and branches of the trees reduce wave height and energy. This decreases the waves’ ability to consume the soil and damage coastal buildings, while reducing the risk of flooding for low-lying areas behind the mangrove forests. Over a distance of 100m, wave heights can decrease between 13% and 66%. Over a distance of 500m, mangroves can reduce the height of waves by 50% to 99%.
Dense (茂密的) mangrove forests also reduce wind speeds locally, which has the added advantage of preventing waves in and immediately behind the mangroves. This can potentially reduce its hazard to nearby facilities.
There is growing evidence that mangroves can reduce the impact of tsunamis by lowering the destructive energy of water flowing inland. This was the case notably during the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. Mangrove belts, which are several meters wide, have been shown to decrease tsunami wave height by between 5% and 30%. Wide and dense mangrove forests can also limit the area flooded by tsunamis. However, tsunamis over 4 meters deep may be taller than the mangroves and able to damage or even destroy these trees. Therefore, engineered structures are rarely built to the height of mangroves.
Some mangrove trees can grow up to 60m in height, depending on the species, climatic conditions and available nutrients. Some mangroves also exist as short plants. They are found in the coastal areas of the Americas, Africa, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific. It is estimated that more than three-quarters of the world’s mangroves are now threatened by coastal development, overexploitation, waste disposal and other pressures.
32. What enables mangroves to reduce wave height and energy according to paragraph 2
A. The surrounding soil. B. Their rich biodiversity.
C. The high-lying areas ahead. D. Their natural structure.
33. What does the underlined word “hazard” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Response. B. Contribution. C. Attachment. D. Threat.
34. Why does the author mention the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004
A. To prove mangroves can fight against tsunamis.
B. To say engineered structures are easily destroyed.
C. To show the harmful results brought by tsunamis.
D. To explain the gradual formation of coastal disasters.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Mangroves: the Mirrors of Natural Disasters
B. Mangroves: the Heroes of Coastal Protection
C. Mangroves: Seriously Threatened Plant Species
D. Mangroves: Shelters for Endangered Sea Animals
17.2023年11月 四川省宜宾市第四中学高三一诊模拟考试
Dedicated educator is on a mission to revive rural education in a remote mountainous community and provide the best education to its children, one school at a time.
With her ponytail and big, square glasses, Cheng Feng looks every bit the schoolteacher. Yet, to many of her students, the 33-year-old is more than that. Cheng’s care for her rural students has extended beyond the classroom and makes her a mother figure to them all.
During the just past summer vacation, Cheng didn’t take time off but paid home visits to rural students of the Liling Primary School, which is located in the mountains more than 120 kilometers from the central area of Poyang county, East Chin’s Jiangxi province.
Most students have been left behind by their parents, who have to go to work far away from home and are looked after by their grandparents.
“Seeing these special families and special children is what made me realize the importance of rural education, and it is one of the major reasons why I have stuck around all these years,” says Cheng, who also grew up in Poyang.
Since learning that one of her students, Tan Yeting, and her brother, were just depending on the small income of their grandparents’ handmade broom business, Cheng would pay regular visits to Tan’s home. She would check the homework assignment of the two children, play games with them and cut their hair. These interactions have helped both children grow in confidence and shake off their timid nature at school.
“Cheng is just like our mother,” Tan says.
“I feel like I can talk to her about anything, ”she adds.
Cheng voluntarily chose to move to the school last year after she learned it was in need of faculty members. She has since helped to improve the teaching facilities, and went out of her way to reach children scattered around the surrounding rural area and persuade them to come to school.
Thanks to her efforts, approximately 200 children in the neighborhood have been able to enjoy a better education.
32．What was Chen Feng doing during the past summer vacation
A．She was on a holiday in the mountain.
B．She was looking after her students in school.
C．She was helping her students with their homework assignment.
D．She was visiting her rural students in remote areas.
33．What do we know about Tan Yeting
A．Her parents deserted her brother and her. B．She is too shy to talk to her teacher.
C．She lives on her grandparents’ small business. D．She leads a care-free and rich life.
34．Which of the following can best describe Chen Feng
A．Caring and warm-hearted. B．Ambitious and optimistic.
C．Responsible and fashionable. D．Considerate and stubborn.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Life Experience of a Rural Teacher. B．China’s Rural Education in Jiangxi Province.
C．A Teacher Devoted to Rural Education. D．A Teacher Who Likes Paying Home Visits.
18.2023年11月 长春市 2024 届高三质量监测(一)
It's a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.
The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes," Su says. But at least, they can keep the existing look of the murals for as long as possible.
32. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A. To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals.
B. To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road.
C. To stress the significance of the restoration work.
D. To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage.
33. Which of the following best describes the restoration work
A. Creative. B. Well-paid. C. Interesting. D. Demanding.
34. What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4
A. Spotting the faded murals in time.
B. Fixing the missing parts of murals.
C. Making preservation of the murals as they are.
D. Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings.
B. The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves.
C. The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation.
D. The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture.
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