(共44张PPT)
译林版·九年级下册
Unit 1 Asia
Grammar
目录:
复习导入,出示目标
合作学习,探究it的三种用法
重难点点拨
当堂训练,布置作业
翻译下列句子,说出it 在句中表示的意思。
1. 明朝和清朝的皇帝曾住在故宫,但它在1925年的时候被变成了博物馆。
The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live in the Palace Museum.But _____________________________ in 1925. (it表示:_________________________ )
it was turned into a museum
the Palace Museum
Revision
2. 有这么多形状不寻常的岩石真是神奇。
___________ that there are so many rocks in unusual shapes.
(it表示:______________ )
3. 从我家到学校大约3公里。
_____________________ from my home to my school.
(it表示:_____ )
It is amazing
It is about 3 kilometres
距离
that 从句的内容
距离
学 习 目 标
1.掌握本课节新单词及短语:quarter, either, level, service, take up;
2.学会it作人称代词,用来代替人、物或事的用法;
3.学会it表示时间、天气、季节和距离的用法;
4.学会it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法。
We use it for animals and lifeless things.
e.g. Look at the panda. It is so small.
Another famous attraction is the Great Wall.
It runs for over 6,000 kilometres across the northern China.
A Using it as a pronoun
We use it for a young child when we do not know whether it is a girl or a boy.
e.g. My aunt will have a baby soon. She hopes it will be a girl.
Look at that cute baby over there! It is a boy, isn’t it
We use it for an unknown person.
e.g. — Who was calling you on the
phone just now
— It was my cousin.
We use it for an action, a situation or an
idea mentioned in a previous statement.
e.g. Riding around the countryside is popular in Guilin, isn’t it
Tourists like to take a boat trip along the Lijiang River. It is great fun.
it作人称代词
1. 指代刚提到的事物。
e.g. Look at that car. It is going much too fast.
2. 指无生命的东西。
e.g. It is my pencil.
3. 指动物。
e.g. —Is it your dog
—No, it isn’t.
4. 指未知性别的婴儿。
e.g. What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy
5. 指所未见的或所未知的那个人。
e.g. Someone is ringing the doorbell.
Go and see who it is.
1. 约翰在学校足球队。它是在去年成立的。
2. — 猫在哪儿? — 它在花园里。
3. 那个婴儿怎么了,一直在哭。
4. —谁在敲门? —是邮递员。
5. 英语很重要,我们都知道。
John is in the school football team. It was reorganized last year.
—Where is the cat — It is in the garden.
What’s matter with the baby It has been crying.
— Who is that at the door — It’s the postman.
English is very important, and we all know it.
Translation
1.指代上文提过的生物或非生物。复数形式为they。
2.指代上文提过的性别不明或无须指明性别的小孩。
3.作主语时指代上文提过的人,后跟系表结构,用以指明该人的身份。
4.指代上下文或一定语境所表明的情况、事件等。
Conclude
it 作人称代词的用法
it 作人称代词的用法
注意:
指代宠物时,常可用he或she来代替it。
如:他有一只宠物狗。她是他最好的朋友。
He has a pet dog.
She is his best friend.
The exchange students visited the Summer Palace yesterday. Kevin is writing about it. Read the passage below and find out what each it refers to. Write your answers in the blanks.
A visit to the Summer Palace
Yesterday we visited the Summer Palace and spent about three hours in it. The palace is a Chinese garden and mainly includes a hill and a lake. The lake is very big— it takes up three quarters of the area. It was frozen, so we could not row a boat there. It was really a pity.
1.______________
2. ________
3. ________
4. _____________
______
the Summer Palace
the lake
the lake
we could not row a boat
Across the lake is a 17-hole bridge. There are many stone lions on either side of it. The lions are all different from each other. Isn’t it amazing While I was walking along the bridge, my mobile phone rang. It was my mum. I told her that the Summer Palace was well worth visiting.
5. __________
6. ___________
7._______________
the bridge
The lions are different
from each other.
an unknown person
It’s nine o’clock in the morning.
It is 1 January today. It is New Year’s Day.
It rained all day.
It is only a five-minute walk from my home to the school.
In Beijing, it is cold and windy in winter.
B Using it as a impersonal pronoun
We also use it for the time, the date, the weather, the distance, etc.
指代时间
指代日期
指代距离
指代天气
指代天气
1. 现在十二点十分。
2. 距离海滩两英里远。
3. 今天早晨下雨了。
4. 今天是十月一日,国庆节。
It’s ten past twelve.
It’s two miles to the beach.
It was raining this morning.
It’s 1 October today. It is National Day.
Translation
在表示时间、日期、天气或距离的表达方式里,我们用 it 作形式主语。此时,it无实际意义但不可以省略。如:
It is half past twelve.
It is 25 November today.
It is fine today.
It is two kilometres to the post office.
it 作非人称代词的用法
Conclude
The exchange students left for Shanghai. Kevin has made some notes in his diary. Rewrite his sentences with it.
Leaving for Shanghai
1. Today is 22 February. We left Beijing for Shanghai early in the morning.
____________________. We left Beijing for Shanghai early in the morning.
2. Shanghai is about 1, 300 kilometres from Beijing.
________________________ from Beijing to Shang hai.
It is 22 February today
It is about 1, 300 kilometres
3. I woke up at 5 a.m. this morning.
__________ when I woke up this morning.
4. I felt a little cold when we went out. The temperature was only 2℃.
I felt a little cold when we went out. _____________.
5. Winter is very cold and dry in Beijing.
In winter, ___________________________.
It was 5 a.m.
It was only 2℃
it is very cold and dry in Beijing
6. We arrived in Shanghai on a sunny day.
________________ when we arrived in
Shanghai.
7. We got to our hotel at noon.
__________ when we got to our hotel.
8. Our hotel is not far from the Bund.
__________ from the Bund to our hotel.
It was noon
It is not far
It was a sunny day
It is very tiring to climb the steps.
It is popular to hire a bicycle and ride around the countryside.
3. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
4. It is amazing that there are so many rocks in unusual shapes in the cave.
5. It doesn’t matter what he thinks.
6. Many people find it pleasant to travel around.
不定式短语
动名词短语
从句
不定式短语
C Using it to replace the real subject or object
1. __ is very tiring _______ the steps.
2. __ is popular ______ a bicycle and
___________ the countryside.
3. __ is no use _______ over spilt milk.
4. __ was fortunate _____ there was a doctor at the spot.
5. ___ doesn’t matter ______ he thinks.
6. She thinks ___ easy _______ meals.
It
to hire
It
crying
It
that
It
to climb
It
what
it
to cook
ride around
Practise
it 作形式主语时,替代不定式短语、动名词短语及从句,把这类较长的主语移至句尾,使句子显得匀称。例如:
It is a great pleasure to be working with you.
It is necessary for you to obey the order.
It was fortunate that there was a doctor at the spot.
It doesn’t matter what he thinks.
Conclude
it 作形式宾语,替代不定式短语、动名词短语及从句,后接宾语补足语,把这类较长的宾语移至宾语补足语之后,使句子显得匀称。例如:
We consider it foolish of him to meet her.
Jane found it dull working at the kitchen sink all day.
George made it clear that he disagreed.
I take it for granted that you all know this.
1. It is+ adj+for sb +to do sth/that-clause.
( 通常是描述事物的形容词 easy / hard / important...)
It is relaxing for me to walk in Huangshanhu park.
2. It is+ adj+of sb +to do sth/that-clause.
( 通常是描述人品质的形容词polite / kind / clever...)
It is friendly of local people to answer all your questions in Jiangyin.
3. It is+ p.p(过去分词)+ to do sth/that-clause.
( said /reported/ believed... 据...)
It is said that the environment is becoming better and better.
4. It is+ n.+ to do sth/that-clause.
(an honour/a pity/ a fact...)
It is a good idea to travel to Jiangyin.
it 作形式主语,常用于下列句型中:
注意:
it 作形式宾语,常见于句型:
主语+ think(s) / find(s)+ it + easy / difficult / hard / … + to do sth.”
I think it exciting to climb the high building in Huaxi Village .
我觉得爬上华西村的高楼很刺激。
I find it interesting to learn something new.
我发现学习新东西很有趣。
写出5个用“it”作为形式主语或
形式宾语的句子并指出其成分。
1. It is generous of Bill Gates to donate his money to the poor.
2. It is impossible for such a little boy to carry the heavy bag.
3. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
4. It is amazing that he did it on his own.
5. I find it difficult to understand his idea.
形主
形主
形宾
形主
Practise
形宾
形主
It is very important to learn English.
2. Learning English is very important.
It is difficult for me to give up smoking.
Use “it” to rewrite the following sentences.
1. Giving up smoking is difficult for me.
3. He is very kind to help others.
It is kind of him to help others.
Consolidation (巩固):
It is said that there was an earthquake.
There was an earthquake in Japan.
(It is said that...)
I think it necessary to read English every morning.
4. Reading English every morning is necessary.
( I think it +adj…)
Miss Thompson, a British teacher travelling with the exchange students, is writing down what she thinks about Shanghai. Help her complete her notes with it.
About Shanghai
Traffic: The traffic is often busy, but public transport here is quite good, so ________ (easy) for people to get around.
Weather: __________ (sunny) and warm. We like ____ here.
Environment: ________ (said) that the air is not clean here, but I do not think the pollution is as serious as I imagined.
it is easy
It is sunny
it
It is said
Signs: Shanghai is beautiful. ________ (fun) to ride around the city and visit the interesting places.
Food: Chinese food is delicious. I will ask my family to go to a Chinese restaurant and try ____ when I get back.
It’s fun
it
Hotel: We all think ______________ (comfortable) to stay in this hotel. They provide a high level of service.
People: The local people are friendly. ________ (kind) of them to answer all our questions.
it’s comfortable
It’s kind
n. 水平
n. 服务,工作
The lake is very big — it takes up three quarters of the area.
湖很大,占了四分之三的面积。
(1)take up 占据(空间);占用(时间)
The table takes up too much space.这张桌子太占地方了。
(2)quarter n. 四分之一
three quarters 四分之三
Language points
2. Across the lake is a 17-hole bridge. There are many stone lions on either side of it.湖上有一座十七孔桥,桥两边有很多石狮子。
(1) 倒装句:表示方位的词或短语置句首时,句子要完全倒装。
On the wall are some pictures.墙上有一些图画。
注意:主语为代词时主谓不倒装。
Out he rushed. 他跑出去了。
(2)either det. & pron. 两者之一
either… or… 不是……就是……
on either side of = on both sides of
You may take either of the roads. 两条路你随便走哪一条。
Tom is going to buy either a guitar or a piano.
汤姆不是要买一把吉他就是一架钢琴。
To have good knowledge of history is very helpful for all of us.
To learn a foreign language is very useful for a scientist.
To finish the work in three hours is necessary.
It is very helpful for all of us to have good knowledge.
It is necessary to finish the work in three hours.
It is very useful for a scientist to learn a foreign language.
用 it 作形式主语改写句子。
当 堂 训 练
下列句中it的用法是什么?选出对应选项。
( ) 1. It’s Tuesday today.
( ) 2. It’s two miles to the beach.
( ) 3. Yesterday I bought a bag. It’s red.
( ) 4. It’s better to be early.
刚提到的东西 b. 所未见或未知的人
c. 动物 d. 天气 e. 时间 f. 环境
g. 距离 h. 作形式主语或形式宾语
e
g
a
h
( ) 5. It’s cold today.
( ) 6. It’s Lily’s dog.
( ) 7. I think it necessary to visit Mr Wang.
( ) 8. It gets very crowded here in the summer.
( ) 9. —Oh, by the way, there was a telephone call for you.
—Who was it
i
d
c
b
f
刚提到的东西 b. 所未见或未知的人
c. 动物 d. 天气 e. 时间 f. 环境
g. 距离 h. 作形式主语或形式宾语
现在十点半了。
我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。
在那个城市夏天炎热冬天寒冷。
建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
据说他的孩子不见了。
It is ten thirty now.
翻译下列句子
I find it pleasant to work with him.
It is hot in summer and cold in winter in that city.
It took them a year to build the bridge.
It is said that his child is lost.
Homework
1. Review the grammar we’ve learned today.
2. Finish the related exercises.
3. Preview Integrated skills.
谢谢
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