突破2024届高考英语语法填空之连词 二轮复习学案（含答案）

突破2024年高考英语语法填空之连词
依据句际关系来考查并列句和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是考生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句用法是解题的关键。
【思维导图】——连词解题2大宏观思维方向
【热点考向一】
并列连词
【典例】　限时3分钟，体会并列连词的用法。
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头).
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ____________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
3.(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ____________ cultural exchanges.
4.(2021·全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky ____________ did the job.
5.(2021·浙江6月卷)Although Mary loved flowers, ____________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
6.(2020·浙江1月卷)It’s also that they are on average healthier ____________ more productive for longer.
【图解技巧】
【解题规则】
1.表示并列或递进关系的有：and, both...and...(两者都), not only...but (also)...(不但……而且……)等。
2.表示选择关系的有：or, either...or...(或者……或者……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)等。
3.表示转折或对比关系的有：but，yet，while(而，然而)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等。
4.表示因果关系的有：so, for等。
【热点考向二】
从句引导词
在语法填空中，从句引导词的考查涉及三大从句，即定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。了解三大从句引导词的意义和用法是解题的关键。
【思维导图】
考点一 定语从句
【典例】　限时4分钟，体会定语从句引导词的用法。
1.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America ____________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co－existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing some familiar words from many age－old fables.
2.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast－paced development of modern life, with 21st－century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
3.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100－kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ____________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
5.(2021·天津3月卷改编)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ____________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike.
7.(2023·济南高三英语模拟)It was a human’s turn on March 16，____________ a doctor in the Chinese city of Sanya put a device into the brain of a patient nearly 1，900 miles away in Beijing.
【解题规则】
1.关系代词
定语从句中缺主语或者宾语时，用关系代词：
(1)that/which(用来指物)
注意：介词之后或引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which。
(2)who/whom/that(用来指人)
注意：whom只能作宾语，介词之后只用whom。
(3)whose作定语，可修饰人或物，表先行词和定语从句的主语之间的所属关系。
(4)as可指人或物(常用于句首)。
2.关系副词
(1)引导词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词when，where，why。
(2)牢记case，climate，scene，atmosphere，stage，situation，spot，position，point等名词作先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。
3.“介词＋which/whom”结构
定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时，常常用“介词＋which(指物)/whom(指人)”代替关系副词。其中介词的选择遵循以下原则：
(1)看与先行词的搭配；
(2)看与从句谓语的搭配；
(3)看句意。
考点二 状语从句
【典例】　限时3分钟，体会状语从句引导词的用法。
1.(2020·浙江1月卷)I was running so fast ____________ I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
3.(全国Ⅱ卷)The games my parents taught me ____________ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
4.(全国Ⅱ卷)I didn’t realize how right my parents were ____________ I entered high school.
5.(全国Ⅲ卷)Over time, ____________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
6.(2023·扬州高三月考)He was told that it would be at least three months ____________ he could recover and return to work.
【解题规则】
1.句意法确定状语从句的引导词
(1)while/when/as/since/before/after/until引导的时间状语从句
(2)if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句
(3)though/although/while/as/whatever/whoever/
however引导的让步状语从句
(4)where/wherever引导的地点状语从句
(5)because/since/as引导的原因状语从句
2.固定句式法确定状语从句的引导词
(1)so/such...that...如此……以至于……
(2)not...until...直到……才……
(3)It was/wasn’t＋一段时间＋before...过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……
(4)It is some time(一段时间)＋since...自从……多长时间
(5)whether...or not...无论……还是……
考点三 名词性从句
【典例】　限时3分钟，体会名词性从句引导词的用法。
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ____________ they need an English trainer.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my son’s life，”said Mrs. Brown.“I don’t know ____________ to thank him.”
3.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely; about three－quarters of the time, they agreed.
4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.____________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out－of－this－world scenes.
5.(2021·北京卷改编)The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about ____________ she lived.
【解题规则】
1.从句不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，考虑用that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。
2.从句不缺成分，有疑问，表“是否”时，用whether引导名词性从句，if只可用于动词后的宾语从句中。
3.分析句子结构，缺少主语、宾语、表语时用连接代词what，who，whom，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等。
4.缺少状语(结合句意判断)时用连接副词where (表地点)，when (表时间)，how (表方式或程度)，why (表原因)等。
5.it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记。
【随堂演练】
连词题集中特训
Ⅰ.专项演练
解题提示：认真分析句子结构，先判断是否填连词，再根据句意确定填哪个连词。
1.(2023·金丽衢十二校第二次联考)In English, there is a famous phrase：“Eye of the Tiger”，_________________ means fierceness and strength.
2.(2023·扬州高三模拟)There is evidence _____________________ acupuncture began during the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
3.(2023·邯郸高三上学期摸底考试)As I’m only 16, and have no younger siblings, I have never had any experience of working with children before.I had no idea ____________ I could spend those days.
4.(2023·泰州高三第二次调研)The day of the Spring Equinox is ____________ the sun is directly above the equator.
5.(2023·宝鸡高考模拟二)In the early 20th century, Henry Ford, the founder of the Henry Ford Motor Company, probably never imagined ____________ his production system would mean to the world.
6.(2023·稽阳联考)Artists might have sunk into a state ____________ they forgot themselves, didn’t need to think and lost track of time, and inspirations would just “flow out”especially since I don’t speak Portuguese.
7.(2023·绵阳一诊)There is an old custom in southern China ____________ people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain.
8.(2023·荆州高三第一次模拟)During the Han era, the popular theory of language was ____________ using the correct names for things was essential for proper government.
9.(2023·苏州高三调研)Because they are so rare, much of ____________ we know about pandas comes from studying these zoo animals.
10.(2023·哈师大附中高三模拟)There are doubts ____________ the new drug will be effective in treating the disease.
11.(2023·南通高三第二次调研)These relics，dating from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qing Dynasty，included a variety of items，most of ________________ are plates，vases and figurines.
12.(2023·重庆南开中学高三质检)“____________ it’s a huge commercial success or not, this film represents a great attempt into exploring reality－themed Chinese animated film production，” reads a Weibo post.
13.(2023·昆明第一中学高三下期月考)______________ a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs.
14.(2023·孝感高考模拟)Apart from that, the decorated resumes do little help to find a job _________________ most HR managers pay more attention to skills.
15.(2023·长沙第二次模拟)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
16.(2023·泰州高三第一次调研)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ____________ he should be able to be independent.
17.(2023·福州高三第二次质检)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
18.(2023·温州十校联考)The teacher tries to create an atmosphere ____________ his students can communicate effectively.
19.(2023·石家庄高三质检)Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you ____________ contain the words you ask for.
20.(2023·南京高三第一次调研)It was 1897 ____________ a European chemist called Dr.Felix Hoffman produced aspirin from this chemical.
Ⅱ.模拟冲关
解题提示：解题时，请尤其关注连词填空题。
(2023·南通高三第二次调研)
Whenever Song Jing visits a museum, she never fails to check out the section on ancient books.In addition to appreciating the wisdom hidden in those historical volumes, she focuses on 1.____________ they were joined and presented.Song 2.____________ (work) in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing for eight years.
The seasons come and go outside her workshop, but time is relative for Song and her fellow restorers.Their work is calculated not through “years” 3.____________ “lifetimes”.The flow of time may be hardly felt except through the yellowing pages and the graying of hair.
The primary objective of ancient book restoration is 4.____________ (extend) the life period of the document.The 5.____________ (high) the similarity between the original and the restoration materials, the more consistent their rate of aging will be, and thus the better the ancient books can 6.____________ (preserve).
As a child, Song was fascinated by 7._____________ (documentary) about the world’s cultural relics and became deeply interested in antique restoration.She spent hours researching cultural relics, 8.____________ (frequent) local museums and reading related books.
It usually takes at least two to three years from learning and following a master 9.____________ one can independently lead a restoration project.“Ancient Chinese civilization has left behind a vast number of books, many of 10.____________ require restoration，” Song says.“Hopefully, I can inspire more young people to find their lifelong passion in the field of cultural heritage preservation.”
(2023·广州统考一模)
The Grand Canal is the longest and 1._________________ (old) canal in the world.It forms a vast inland waterway system in China, running from the capital Beijing in the north 2.____________ Zhejiang Province in the south.
3.____________ (construct) in sections from the 5th century BCE and completed and maintained by several 4.____________ (dynasty), it formed the backbone of China’s inland communications system, which enabled the supply of rice 5.____________ (feed) the population.The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century, providing an inland shipping network consisting of more than 2，000 km of artificial waterways, 6.____________ linked five of the most important river basins in China, including the Huanghe River and the Changjiang River.Still 7.____________ major means of internal communication today, it 8.____________ (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity(繁荣) and stability of China over the ages.
The Grand Canal bears witness to a remarkable and early development of hydraulic engineering(水利工程).It is an essential technological achievement 9.____________ (date) from before the Industrial Revolution.It is a perfect example of dealing with difficult natural conditions, as is reflected in the many constructions that are 10.____________ (full) adapted to the diversity and complexity of circumstances.It best demonstrates the technical capabilities of Eastern civilizations.
参考答案
热点考向1
1.or　2.and　3.and　4.but　5.neither　6.and
热点考向2
考点一　1.where　2.which/that　3.who　4.that　5.where
6.whose　7.when
考点二　1.that　2.When/As　3.when　4.until　5.as/when
6.before
考点三　1.why　2.how　3.whether/if　4.What　5.where
随堂演练
Ⅰ.1.which　2.that　3.how　4.when　5.what　6.where　7.that
8.that　9.what　10.whether　11.which　12.Whether
13.While/Though/Although　14.because　15.which/that
16.when　17.who　18.where　19.as　20.when
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。介绍了宋静为什么从事文物修复，以及它的意义所在。
1.how　[考查名词性从句。句意：除了欣赏隐藏在这些历史卷中的智慧，她还关注它们是如何被连接和呈现的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中句意完整，所以应该用连接副词引导，根据句意应该用how引导。故填how。]
2.has been working/has worked　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：宋在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作了8年。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以work作本句谓语，根据时间状语for eight years，因不知是否还在继续工作，所以既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时。故填has been working或者has worked。]
3.but　[考查并列连词。句意：他们的工作不是用“年”而是用“一生”来计算的。分析句子结构可知，根据前文的“years”和后文的“lifetimes”可知两者是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。]
4.to extend　[考查非谓语动词。句意：古籍修复的首要目标是延长文献的生命周期。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以extend应该用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处是表目的，应该用不定式作表语。故填to extend。]
5.higher　[考查比较等级。句意：原始材料与修复材料的相似性越高，其老化速率越一致，古籍的保存也就越好。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型：“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……就越……”。故填higher。]
6.be preserved　[考查语态。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以preserve作本句谓语动词，主语是books，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，空前是情态动词，所以空后应填动词原形。故填be preserved。]
7.documentaries　[考查名词的数。句意：小时候，宋静就被关于世界文物的纪录片迷住了，并对古董修复产生了浓厚的兴趣。分析句子结构可知，空前后都是介词，所以空处应填名词，documentary为名词，意为“纪录片”，是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处应填复数形式。故填documentaries。]
8.frequenting　[考查非谓语动词。句意：她花了很多时间研究文物，经常逛当地博物馆，阅读相关书籍。分析句子结构可知，本句是排比，考查固定搭配：spend time (in) doing sth，空处和researching一起作宾语，所以空处应填动名词形式。故填frequenting。]
9.before　[考查状语从句。句意：从学习和跟随大师到能够独立领导修复项目，通常需要至少两到三年的时间。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型：“It takes＋一段时间＋before引导的时间状语从句”意为“过了多久才……”。故填before。]
10.which　[考查定语从句。句意：“中国古代文明留下了大量的书籍，其中许多需要修复，”宋说。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是books，在从句中作宾语，用which引导。故填which。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了京杭大运河。
1.oldest　[考查比较等级。句意：大运河是世界上最长和最古老的运河。分析句子可知，空处和longest并列，也用最高级，译为“大运河是世界上最长和最古老的运河”，故填oldest。]
2.to　[考查介词。句意：它在中国形成了一个庞大的内河航道系统，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。分析句子可知，前文running from...和to搭配，译为“从首都北京到浙江省”，故填to。]
3.Constructed　[考查非谓语动词。句意：它从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，由几个朝代完成和维护，形成了中国内陆交通系统的支柱，使大米的供应能够养活人口。分析句子可知，空处的逻辑主语为句子主语it，指代前面的大运河，提示词为“建造”，大运河被建造，用过去分词Constructed。故填Constructed。]
4.dynasties　[考查名词的数。分析句子可知，dynasty为可数名词，因前面有several“一些”，所以dynasty用复数，故填dynasties。]
5.to feed　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，根据固定搭配enable sb/sth to do，且feed后面有宾语the population，所以用主动，故填to feed。]
6.which　[考查定语从句。句意：大运河在13世纪达到了一个新的高峰，提供了一个由2 000多公里人工水道组成的内河航运网络，连接了中国五个最重要的流域，包括黄河和长江。分析句子可知，空格在从句中作主语，放在逗号后面，为定语从句的关系代词，指代前面的network，故填which。]
7.a　[考查冠词。句意：今天，它仍然是国内交流的主要手段，在确保中国历代繁荣和稳定方面发挥了重要作用。分析句子可知，means为单复数同形的名词，表示泛指，major首字母的发音为辅音音素，冠词为a。故填a。]
8.has played　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语“over the ages”可知，该空用现在完成时，且主语it为单数，故填has played。]
9.dating　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，date from“追溯到”，非谓语作定语，意为“追溯到工业革命之前的成就”，用主动，故填dating。]
10.fully　[考查词性转换。句意：这是处理困难自然条件的完美例子，这反映在许多完全适应环境多样性和复杂性的建筑中。分析句子可知，副词fully作状语。故填fully。]