Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? Section A Grammar focus-4c课件

课件48张PPT。Welcome to our classSection A 3
Grammar focus-4cRead the following sentences we have seen.Have you read Little Women yet?
Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.
Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic.
Have you decided which book to write about yet?
Yes, I have. I’ve already finished reading it.
It was really good.
Grammar focus现在完成时态 present perfect时态 （tense）不同时间发生的动作，
动词要用不同形式。
已学习过的时态已学习过的时态1.v. 2.v+s/es（三单现） am/is/are+v-ing
1.will/shall+v.
2.am/is/are going to +v.1.v-ed（规则动词）
2.不规则动词
was/were+v-inghave/has been v-ing判断下列句子的时态1.She works in a factory.
2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.
4.They held a sports meeting last week.
5.Are you helping your mother ？
6.I have been sitting here for an hour.
一般现在时过去进行时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时现在完成进行时现在完成时
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，
常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。动词构成：have/has+v过去分词have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(现在我不饿)I’m not hungry nowmoved here
in 2004I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2004/three years ago. nowpast2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续
到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
1) I have studied English since last year.
我从去年开始学习英语。
2) She has lived in Beijing for five years.
她住在北京已经五年了。
注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive,
join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是
一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since …
等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些
词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，
即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
现在完成时动词构成
have /has+v 过去分词
助动词否定haven’t
hasn’t疑问Have you…?
Has he…?二 .构成:
1. 肯定句:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (+ 其他)
2. 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去 分词
(+ 其他)
3. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去 分词
(+ 其他)
4. 特殊疑问句：
1)特殊疑问词 (不是句子主语) + have / has
+ 主语+过去分词 (+ 其他)
2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+
过去分词(+ 其他)
规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过
去分词则需逐个记忆。 规则变化：过去式和过去分词的变化相同
一般在动词词尾直接加ed。
以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。
词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。不规则变化：
5. 以不变应万变。
如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。
如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept;
sleep → slept → slept7. 结尾的字母d变t。
如： lend → lent → lent; build → built → built;
send → sent → sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。
如： buy → bought → bought; bring → brought → brought;
catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught翻译. ( English ===>Chinese)finish,
homeworkI have finished my homework.He has finished his homework.haven’tHas heYes,he has.No ,he hasn’t.1.翻译这两句话；
2.第一句变成否定句；
3.第二句变成一般疑问句并回答。？2、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：
I have just cleaned my clothes.
我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
I have just had my breakfast.
(对现在的影响：不饿)
--Have you read Little Women yet?
--No, I haven’t.(我对该书不了解）
3、通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just（刚刚）, already（已经）, before, yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还） never, ever等状语连用。
①--- Do you know there is a panda in YiChang?
---No. I have never heard of that before.
② I have never been to Beijing.
③ The plane has not come yet.
④She has already finished the work.
⑤ I’ve just finished my homework.
注意点一：
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等
试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）3. 现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上
的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.)
我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.)
我上周打扫了我的房间。
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and
he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。
They have bought a dictionary. (They bought
a dictionary and they have it now.)
他们买了一本字典。注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语
(如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days
ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用，
但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already,
yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often,
before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用；
也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：
today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。A: 火车已经开走了.
B: 什么时候开走的?
A: 半个小时之前开走的.
A: 这本书我已经买了两年了.
B: 你在哪儿买的?
A: 在我老家买的.
A: 你看过这部电影吗?
B: 看过.
A: 什么时候看的.
B: 上周星期天看的.A: The train has left.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you see it?
B: I saw it last Sunday.A: I`ve had the book for two years.
B: Where did you buy it?
A: I bought it in my hometown.完成汉译英，猜一猜：现在完成时和一般过去时的 用法有什么不同？改写句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now.
My father ______ just ________ ______ the book shop.
2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001.
He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001.
3.The film began two minutes ago.
The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago.
4.He has had the motorbike for two years.
It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike.
He ________ the motorbike two years ______.
Two years ______ ______ since he ______ the motor
bike.hasreturnedfromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedbought1.I borrowed the library book two days ago.
I _______ _______the library book________ two days.
2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.
A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ago.
B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes.
have keptforhas been onhas been onsincefor三 同义句3.My brother joined the Party last year.
A. My brother _________ _________ ________the Party since last year.
B. My brother__________ ________ _______ party member since last year.
4.He left Nanjing two years ago.
He_________ _________ ________ ________
Nanjing for two years. has been
inhas been ahas been away from5. That dog died last month.
That dog_______ ________ ________since last month.
6. He has had the bike for two years.
A. Two years______ _______since he ________the bike.
B. It’s ______ __________since he_________ the bike.
C. He _______the bike two years__________.
has been deadhas passedboughttwo years boughtbought ago1.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
2. —I have watched the game.
—When ____ you ____ it?
A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
4. His grandma ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BCBD二 选 择 题5. –Where is Han Mei now?
－ She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone
6. －_____ you ____to the United States ?
－ No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go7. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?
A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you8. How long have you ___ the football team of the school?
A. played B. been at C. joined D been on AACD9. —Where have you _____ these days?
—I have _____ to Kunming with my friends.
A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone
10. How long have you ____ this book?
A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
11. —Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet?
—Yes, I _____ it last night.
A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw
12. He has never ridden a horse before,_____?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. hasn’t he D. has heBCDD( )【2013广西贵港】
—Do you know the movie Lost in
Thailand?
—Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny.
A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see C中考链接( )【2013黑龙江牡丹江】
—Lunch?
—No, thanks. I__________.
A. will eat B. am eating C. have eaten
( )【2013 湖北黄冈】
—Where is Tom? We can’t find
him anywhere.
— Perhaps he _____ home.
A. has come B. is going
C. went D. was goingCA1. I ________heard of that story before.
A. don’t have B. not have C. have not D. not to have
2. She’ s never been to that factory,_________?
A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she
3. Have you made dumplings__________? No, I haven’t.
A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before
4. Tom________ ill since last night.
A. was B. is C. has been D. be
5. How long have you_ ________ Nanjing?
A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to CDDCC一 选择题Exercise6. How many times has Jim _______that park? Twice.
A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to
7. I’ve______ this dictionary for half a year.
A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed
8. She won’t go to the cinema this evening because she
________the film before.
A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeingBBA或者说：
It is two years since he came to Beijing.
It is three weeks since he bought that book.
It is one and a half years since he joined the
Army.
It is nine months since his grandma died.1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。
A: You are late. The film for
10 minutes.
B: You are late. It ten minutes since the
film .
C: You are late. The film 10
minutes .has been onisbegan/startedbegan/startedago瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习:Exercise2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。
A: My uncle ____ ______ ___the army for 2 years.
B: It ____ 2 years _____my uncle joined the army.
C: My uncle __________ the army 2 years ago.
3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。
A: Linda __________ a cold _____ 4 to 5 days.
B: It _____4 to 5 days since Linda ________ a cold
C: Linda __________ a cold 4 or 5 days _______ .has been inissincejoinedhas hadforiscaughtcaughtagohave(has)been和 have(has)gone 的区别Where has he been?
Where has he gone?have(has)been:
表示曾经到过某地，人现在不在某地。
have(has)gone：
表示已经去过某地了，人现在在去某地的路上或已经在某地了。翻译：他去哪儿的？（他已经回来了）他去哪儿了？（他不在这里）练：She has been to Shanghai.
She has gone to Shanghai.她成为一名护士已经三年了。
我五年前就认识李雷了。
那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）
我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。
我刚丢了我的历史书。She has been a nurse for three years.I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him.He has taught me since I came to the school.I have just lost my history book.know, knew ,knownteach,taught,taughtlose,lost,lostChinese==>English1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。
2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。
3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）
4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。
5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。She has been a nurse for three years.I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him.He has taught me since I came to the school.I have just lost my history book.二 翻译4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。
A: His grandpa ____ ________ _____ for 5 years.
B: It _____ 5 years since his grandpa ______.
C: His grandpa ___________5 years _____ .
5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。
A: You’re late. The train ____ ______ ______
for 20 minutes.
B: It ____ 20 minutes since the train ______.
C: The train _____20 minutes ________ .has been deadisdied died ago has been away isleftleftago改错:How long have you become a league member？
For more than one year.
Have you arrived here since last night.
Yes，you’re right.
The dog has died for a month.
He has gone to Shanghai twice.
How long have been at this school?
Since two years . beenbeenbeen deadbeen ago.For Pay attention 注意1.现在完成时句中常见的时间状语
A.表示从过去一直持续到现在,不能是具体过去时间
( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语
( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语
( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year.
He has been at this school _______ 1992.
We have learned 1,000 English words _______ we came to this school.forsincesince B.just,already,yet,before/ ever,never
有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续. eg.Have you _____been to Japan?
I have _____ finished my homework.
I have finished my homework ______.
I haven’t finished my homework ____.everjustalreadyyet2.区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.
表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.短暂性的动词如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成时态中不能与for,since短语或How long等引起的时间状语连用。I have bought this pen for two months.I have had this pen for two months.How long have you _____ this pen.hadThe teacher has left.The teacher has been away for half an hour .(be away)不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years.
*He has bought that book for three weeks.
*He has joined the Army for one and a half years.
*His grandma has died for nine months.
* I have received his letter for a month.
可以说:
He has been in Beijing for two years.
He has had that book for three weeks.
He has been in the army for one and a half years.
His grandma has been dead for nine months.
I haven't received his letter for almost a month.改错How long have you become a league member？
For more than one year.
Have you arrived here since last night?
Yes，you’re right.
He has gone to Shanghai twice.
How long have been at this school?
Since two years.
beenbeenbeenagoFor joinedhave readstartedhave learnedII. Fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the words in brackets.
1. I _______ (join) the book club last month and I _________ (read) five books already.
2. I only _______ (start) taking French classes last week and I ___________ (learn) 50 French words already.3. Tony ________ (buy) a pop music CD yesterday but he ____________ (listen) to it yet.
4. They ___________ (listen) to many songs by The Beatles, but they cannot _____ (sing) any of them.
5. She ____ (see) the newspaper on the table this morning, but she _________ (have) anytime to read it yet. have listenedsingsawhasn’t hadboughthasn’t listened改写句子Homework：改写句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now.
My father ______ just ________ ______ the book shop.
2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001.
He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001.
3.The film began two minutes ago.
The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago.
4.He has had the motorbike for two years.
It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike.
He ________ the motorbike two years ______.
Two years ______ ______ since he ______ the motor bikehasreturnedfromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedboughtThank you
Bye-bye!思考：现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别