2024届高三英语二轮复习高考阅读理解之词义猜测课件(共51张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习高考阅读理解之词义猜测课件(共51张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 8.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-12-26 14:21:27 | ||
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文档简介
(共51张PPT)
得分人数
A篇 36题:29 37题:22 38题:16 39题:29 40题:29
B篇 41题:16 42题:20 43题:28 44题:17 45题:12
C篇 46题:23 47题:9 48题:23 49题:20 50题:14
D篇 51题:18 52题:20 53题:13 54题:11 55题:10
北辰区2024届高三第一次联考阅读理解2班得分情况
Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading
高考英语阅读理解
词义猜测题策略与技巧
掌握词汇、短语和句子猜测的4个步骤以及5个解题密码
培养分析、比较和总结能力
运用所学回答问题
面对困难时，不能放弃，用勇敢和信心克服困难
Learning aims
高考阅读理解词义猜测题
考查方向：
why
主要考查学生根据上下文推测和判断单词、短语或者句子在阅读材料中含义的能力
考查类别：
What
1
2
3
生词、熟词生意和短语含义猜测题
句意猜测题
代词指代猜测题
2019-2023年高考天津卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表
2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
第一次 1 句子 we may have even fewer---. 2 句子 Where we all today . 短语 added bonus 1 短语 leave behind the layer 1 单词 empathy 1C篇
单词
第二次 1 短语 run out of steam 1 0 0 1
单词
discrern
阅读理解词义猜测题解题策略
3
“3-4-5”
策略 How
4
5
三种类别
四个步骤
五个解题密码
阅读理解词义猜测题解题步骤
四步曲
1
2
3
4
定位
分析
Locate the underlined word
确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置
Analyse the relation with codes
运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系
对比
Compare and choose the answer
仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项
核查
Reread and confirm the answer
将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案
五个解题密码
Context
Explanation
Logical Relation
Common sense
Formation
1
2
3
下定义 Make Definition
定语从句 Attributive Clause
同位语 Appositive
一、解释说明法
Explanation
4
5
举例 Illustration
标点符号 Punctuation Mark
密码1
1
下定义 Make Definition
猜一猜：
例1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
哑剧
下定义：1、is,mean,refers to ,namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明
2、that is (to say),in other words,to put it another way
引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
[ p nt ma m]
1.(2022·天津卷4月,B)That is when it is time for empathy . We put ourselves in the passengers ' shoes and help them as much as we can. If we see the elderly trying to catch their planes but walking at a snail ' s pace , we find a wheelchair for them immediately .When a plane is leaving in 15 minutes and the door is closing , what else can we suggest but : " Run ! Run !" A few times . I have run with passengers to their boarding gate . It ' s a race against time .
1. What does the underlined word ' empathy ' in Paragraph 3probably mean
A .Understanding others 'feelings . B. Following the passengers steps
C.Recalling the memories of the trips.
D.Avoiding giving unwise suggestions .
【对点真题】
1
[ emp θi]
2
定语从句
猜一猜：
例2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.
变戏法的人
定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
[ prest d d te t r]
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors(监控) the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping_tabs_on more than 2，000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants”，“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper”，have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
2.What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Listing completely. B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
【对点真题】
2
3
同位语
猜一猜：
例3.Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently(明智地).
语义学
同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
[s m nt ks]
4
举例
【对点真题】(2018.全国卷Ⅰ.C)
3....all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(接管,控制)
3.Which of the following best explains “dominant”underlined in paragrapg 2
A. complex B.advanced C.powerful D.modern
关注______ ,____________,for instance 可以通过所举事例推知前面内容！
[ dɑ m n nt]
such as
for example
5
标点符号
_____、_________和______等标点符号，可表示解释说明。
猜一猜：
例5.You may borrow from the library any periodicals:News Weekly,Reader’s Digest,The New Yorkers.
例6.We are on the night shift——from midnight to 7 a.m.
期刊
夜班
冒号
破折号
括号
[ p ri ɑ d k lz]
-18-
【对点真题】4 (2017·天津卷,C)
This month,Germany’s transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley” of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous(半自动） and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless(无人驾驶) future.
5
标点符号
46.What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.A place where cars often break down. B.A case where passing a law is impossible.
C.An area where no driving is permitted. D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
二、利用上下文语境（context）
对点真题:
例7：My Favorite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of life style books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
1.What does 'I" refer to (2019.全国卷2)
A.Stephen King. B.Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl
利用上下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等
密码2
P4 Professor Mahfouf explains that it is the system's ability to learn,adapt,andmake informed decisiohs that is unique:"This new system not only monitors and/but it can also learn from the experiences of medical staff,treats severe patients,If overridden,the system understands who can overidden the machine at any time.the doctor's input and uses the new information to make decisions about similarcases in the future.
P1 The team, led by Professor Mahdi Mahfouf the University of Sheffield’s Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering, is pioneering the intelligent decision-support system the which, in effect ,duplicates the decision-making processes of specialist medical doctors in intensiv care units..
例7:(2023·高三上期中：C)
7/What does the anderlined worl "uplieates"in Parageaph 2 probahly mean
A.Copies B. Accepts C,Records D.Controls
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
【对点真题】:5(2019·天津卷4月,D)
5. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
三、逻辑关系猜词义
Logical Relation
1
2
3
同义或近义关系
反义关系
因果关系
密码3
同义或近义关系 synonym or near-synonym
猜一猜
8.Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
9.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people’s health.They also regard drinking as harmful.
健谈的
有害的
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as...as,just as,similarly等
1
When I was ill I tended to retreat into my mind and disconnect from here and now . So ,when I met a horse named Fira , I expected nothing
【对点真题】6(2021·天津和平一模,B)
3. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 3 mean
A . Get out of trouble . B . Keep away from others.
C . Lift up my spirits . D . Make up my mind .
反义关系 antonym or opposites
猜一猜：
10.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I known.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
11.I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
傲慢的，高傲的
出差错，疏忽
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词/词组有：but,yet,despite,however,while,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,instead，than等
2
[ su p r s li s]
期中考试D
【对点真题】7（2022·天津滨海新·一模）
People who grow up outside of cities are better at finding their way around than urbanites, a large study on navigation suggests. The results, described online on March 30 in Nature, hint that learning to handle environmental complexity as a child strengthens mental muscles for spatial skills.
7．What does the underlined word “urbanites” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Those who live close to urban areas.
B．Those who are from rural areas.
C．Those who are raised in cities.
D．Those who long for urban life.
因果关系Causal relation
12.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the sing arent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At the oint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes,I'll do it.”
(全国Ⅱ 2019 阅读理解B）
What does the underlined phrase“tug at heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean
A.encourage teamwork B.appeal to feeling.
C.promote good deeds. D.provide advice.
3
利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in,accordingly,so...that等
四、生活常识和文化背景（common sense)
【对点真题】8
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
1.What do the words“more is more ” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.The more,the better. B.Enough is enough
C.More money,more worries. D.Earn more and spend more.
同学们可以利用生活常识和文化背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境。
密码4
五、构词法
Formation
1
2
3
合成法
派生法
转化法（考点熟词生义）
密码5
1
合成法
合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词
猜一猜：
ill-treat
single-handed new-born color-blind
虐待
独自
新生的
色盲的
【对点真题】9
Encourage this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I ’m just not creative.”
A.mistake B. drawback C.difficulty D.burden
2
派生法
通过再词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。
1.Do you have any strong opinion coeducational or single-sex schools
2.It’s a quiet,comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point.
3
转化法（考点熟词生义）
转化法：把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义，同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查
猜一猜：
1.Don’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgment.
2.He wolfed down three bowls of rice.
模糊
狼吞虎咽
Summary
Exercise
1 History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral(祖先的) pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging（文化归属）, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution (进化）of your culture can provide.
(2020·天津卷1月,D)
1. The underlined part "where we are today" in Para.2 probably means ______.
A. the turning point in our history
B. the present state of our nation
C. the location of our homeland
D. the total area of our country
Exercise
2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
2.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
3.What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Debt. B．Reward. C．Allowance. D．Face value.
4.(2022·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C )
Ever since her childhood , Ginni now 71, has had a deep love for travel . Throughout her career （职业） as a professional dancer , she toured in the UK , but always longed to explore further . When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest , she decided it was time to take the plunge .
4. Which of the following best explains " take the plunge " under lined in paragraph 2
A . Try challenging things . B . Take a degree .
C . Bring back lost memories . D . Stick to a promise .
考生须知
词不离句，句不离篇。
篇中求句，句中求词。
对画线部分的正确理解依赖于对
特定的语境的理解。
因此，考生一定要树立篇章意识，在篇章主线的基础上推断画线部分的意思。
1.Finish some exercise about guessing the meaning of the underlined words or phrases.
2.Review the strategies of this class and try to make a mind map .
Homework
Thanks for listening!
5.（2020新高考 I , D ）
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research both the size and
consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake . And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份). it ' s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid .
2. What does the underlined word " beannoles ' in paragraph 1 refer to
A . Big eaters . B . Overweight
C . Picky eaters . D . Tall thin persons .
高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量，在考试中碰到一些不认识的生词、熟词生意和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。
高考考察方向
（2021年天津市高考英语试卷1月）
The poignancy (酸楚) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard(蜥蜴) had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
88. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as ______.
A. letting go of the past B. looking for a new job
C. getting rid of a bad habit D. giving up an opportunity
88. 根据倒数第三段的The poignancy (酸楚) of Jordan retiring...decision took me by surprise.（乔丹从他热爱的篮球退役去打棒球的辛酸，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我很惊讶。）以及Neither of them chose the moment that...learn to leave the past behind.（他们谁也没有选择改变他们的那个时刻。但在一切都变了之后，他们不得不接受真实的自己。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后。）可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服换上棒球服时，意识到放下过去，把过去抛在脑后了。所以划线部分leaving behind the layer意思是“放下过去”。故选A。
15．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“The findings have really important implications for treatment”（这些发现对治疗有非常重要的意义）及“a treatment model called Behavioral Activation, which suggests that if you can help depressed people to engage in positive experiences—despite their low motivation to do so—their mood may improve”（一种被称为行为激活的治疗模式，它表明，如果你能帮助抑郁症患者参与积极的体验——尽管他们动机不高——他们的情绪可能会改善）可知，这些发现对治疗有非常重要的意义，并且与一种叫做行为激活的治疗模型是一致的，consistent与compatible意义相近，表示“一致的”。故选B项。
15．What does the underlined word “compatible” in the last paragraph mean
A．Unrelated. B．Consistent. C．Comfortable. D．Popular.
“The findings have really important implications for treatment and are compatible with a treatment model called Behavioral Activation, which suggests that if you can help depressed people to engage in positive experiences—despite their low motivation to do so—their mood may improve,” says Starr. In other words: If you’re feeling seriously blue, make an effort to do something fun with friends.
（2022·天津河西·三模）
29．词句猜测题。根据第六段“with more work now needed.(现在还需要做更多的工作)”可知，目前所做的研究只是一个开端，后续还需要进行进一步的探索。由此可以推断，划线句子含义是“我们刚刚进入一个新的研究领域”，故选C。
29．The underlined part “this is a pioneering study” in Paragraph 7 probably means ________.
A．we are the pioneers in the field of plastic research
B．we need more blood examples and more work to do
C．we are entering a whole new field of research
D．this is an extremely important study
Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied considerably between the blood samples. “But this is a pioneering study,” he said, with more work now needed. He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic-lined coffee cup, or wearing a plastic face mask.
五个解题密码
Questionaire:
How to deal with unfamiliar words and expressions you come across in reading
Ignore them and continue reading
Guess the meaning of them
Look them up in the dictionary
得分人数
A篇 36题:29 37题:22 38题:16 39题:29 40题:29
B篇 41题:16 42题:20 43题:28 44题:17 45题:12
C篇 46题:23 47题:9 48题:23 49题:20 50题:14
D篇 51题:18 52题:20 53题:13 54题:11 55题:10
北辰区2024届高三第一次联考阅读理解2班得分情况
Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading
高考英语阅读理解
词义猜测题策略与技巧
掌握词汇、短语和句子猜测的4个步骤以及5个解题密码
培养分析、比较和总结能力
运用所学回答问题
面对困难时，不能放弃，用勇敢和信心克服困难
Learning aims
高考阅读理解词义猜测题
考查方向：
why
主要考查学生根据上下文推测和判断单词、短语或者句子在阅读材料中含义的能力
考查类别：
What
1
2
3
生词、熟词生意和短语含义猜测题
句意猜测题
代词指代猜测题
2019-2023年高考天津卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表
2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
第一次 1 句子 we may have even fewer---. 2 句子 Where we all today . 短语 added bonus 1 短语 leave behind the layer 1 单词 empathy 1C篇
单词
第二次 1 短语 run out of steam 1 0 0 1
单词
discrern
阅读理解词义猜测题解题策略
3
“3-4-5”
策略 How
4
5
三种类别
四个步骤
五个解题密码
阅读理解词义猜测题解题步骤
四步曲
1
2
3
4
定位
分析
Locate the underlined word
确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置
Analyse the relation with codes
运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系
对比
Compare and choose the answer
仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项
核查
Reread and confirm the answer
将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案
五个解题密码
Context
Explanation
Logical Relation
Common sense
Formation
1
2
3
下定义 Make Definition
定语从句 Attributive Clause
同位语 Appositive
一、解释说明法
Explanation
4
5
举例 Illustration
标点符号 Punctuation Mark
密码1
1
下定义 Make Definition
猜一猜：
例1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
哑剧
下定义：1、is,mean,refers to ,namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明
2、that is (to say),in other words,to put it another way
引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
[ p nt ma m]
1.(2022·天津卷4月,B)That is when it is time for empathy . We put ourselves in the passengers ' shoes and help them as much as we can. If we see the elderly trying to catch their planes but walking at a snail ' s pace , we find a wheelchair for them immediately .When a plane is leaving in 15 minutes and the door is closing , what else can we suggest but : " Run ! Run !" A few times . I have run with passengers to their boarding gate . It ' s a race against time .
1. What does the underlined word ' empathy ' in Paragraph 3probably mean
A .Understanding others 'feelings . B. Following the passengers steps
C.Recalling the memories of the trips.
D.Avoiding giving unwise suggestions .
【对点真题】
1
[ emp θi]
2
定语从句
猜一猜：
例2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.
变戏法的人
定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
[ prest d d te t r]
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors(监控) the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping_tabs_on more than 2，000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants”，“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper”，have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
2.What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Listing completely. B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
【对点真题】
2
3
同位语
猜一猜：
例3.Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently(明智地).
语义学
同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
[s m nt ks]
4
举例
【对点真题】(2018.全国卷Ⅰ.C)
3....all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(接管,控制)
3.Which of the following best explains “dominant”underlined in paragrapg 2
A. complex B.advanced C.powerful D.modern
关注______ ,____________,for instance 可以通过所举事例推知前面内容！
[ dɑ m n nt]
such as
for example
5
标点符号
_____、_________和______等标点符号，可表示解释说明。
猜一猜：
例5.You may borrow from the library any periodicals:News Weekly,Reader’s Digest,The New Yorkers.
例6.We are on the night shift——from midnight to 7 a.m.
期刊
夜班
冒号
破折号
括号
[ p ri ɑ d k lz]
-18-
【对点真题】4 (2017·天津卷,C)
This month,Germany’s transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley” of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous(半自动） and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless(无人驾驶) future.
5
标点符号
46.What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.A place where cars often break down. B.A case where passing a law is impossible.
C.An area where no driving is permitted. D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
二、利用上下文语境（context）
对点真题:
例7：My Favorite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of life style books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
1.What does 'I" refer to (2019.全国卷2)
A.Stephen King. B.Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl
利用上下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等
密码2
P4 Professor Mahfouf explains that it is the system's ability to learn,adapt,andmake informed decisiohs that is unique:"This new system not only monitors and/but it can also learn from the experiences of medical staff,treats severe patients,If overridden,the system understands who can overidden the machine at any time.the doctor's input and uses the new information to make decisions about similarcases in the future.
P1 The team, led by Professor Mahdi Mahfouf the University of Sheffield’s Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering, is pioneering the intelligent decision-support system the which, in effect ,duplicates the decision-making processes of specialist medical doctors in intensiv care units..
例7:(2023·高三上期中：C)
7/What does the anderlined worl "uplieates"in Parageaph 2 probahly mean
A.Copies B. Accepts C,Records D.Controls
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
【对点真题】:5(2019·天津卷4月,D)
5. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
三、逻辑关系猜词义
Logical Relation
1
2
3
同义或近义关系
反义关系
因果关系
密码3
同义或近义关系 synonym or near-synonym
猜一猜
8.Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
9.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people’s health.They also regard drinking as harmful.
健谈的
有害的
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as...as,just as,similarly等
1
When I was ill I tended to retreat into my mind and disconnect from here and now . So ,when I met a horse named Fira , I expected nothing
【对点真题】6(2021·天津和平一模,B)
3. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 3 mean
A . Get out of trouble . B . Keep away from others.
C . Lift up my spirits . D . Make up my mind .
反义关系 antonym or opposites
猜一猜：
10.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I known.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
11.I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
傲慢的，高傲的
出差错，疏忽
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词/词组有：but,yet,despite,however,while,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,instead，than等
2
[ su p r s li s]
期中考试D
【对点真题】7（2022·天津滨海新·一模）
People who grow up outside of cities are better at finding their way around than urbanites, a large study on navigation suggests. The results, described online on March 30 in Nature, hint that learning to handle environmental complexity as a child strengthens mental muscles for spatial skills.
7．What does the underlined word “urbanites” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Those who live close to urban areas.
B．Those who are from rural areas.
C．Those who are raised in cities.
D．Those who long for urban life.
因果关系Causal relation
12.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the sing arent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At the oint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes,I'll do it.”
(全国Ⅱ 2019 阅读理解B）
What does the underlined phrase“tug at heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean
A.encourage teamwork B.appeal to feeling.
C.promote good deeds. D.provide advice.
3
利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in,accordingly,so...that等
四、生活常识和文化背景（common sense)
【对点真题】8
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
1.What do the words“more is more ” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.The more,the better. B.Enough is enough
C.More money,more worries. D.Earn more and spend more.
同学们可以利用生活常识和文化背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境。
密码4
五、构词法
Formation
1
2
3
合成法
派生法
转化法（考点熟词生义）
密码5
1
合成法
合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词
猜一猜：
ill-treat
single-handed new-born color-blind
虐待
独自
新生的
色盲的
【对点真题】9
Encourage this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I ’m just not creative.”
A.mistake B. drawback C.difficulty D.burden
2
派生法
通过再词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。
1.Do you have any strong opinion coeducational or single-sex schools
2.It’s a quiet,comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point.
3
转化法（考点熟词生义）
转化法：把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义，同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查
猜一猜：
1.Don’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgment.
2.He wolfed down three bowls of rice.
模糊
狼吞虎咽
Summary
Exercise
1 History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral(祖先的) pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging（文化归属）, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution (进化）of your culture can provide.
(2020·天津卷1月,D)
1. The underlined part "where we are today" in Para.2 probably means ______.
A. the turning point in our history
B. the present state of our nation
C. the location of our homeland
D. the total area of our country
Exercise
2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
2.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
3.What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Debt. B．Reward. C．Allowance. D．Face value.
4.(2022·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C )
Ever since her childhood , Ginni now 71, has had a deep love for travel . Throughout her career （职业） as a professional dancer , she toured in the UK , but always longed to explore further . When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest , she decided it was time to take the plunge .
4. Which of the following best explains " take the plunge " under lined in paragraph 2
A . Try challenging things . B . Take a degree .
C . Bring back lost memories . D . Stick to a promise .
考生须知
词不离句，句不离篇。
篇中求句，句中求词。
对画线部分的正确理解依赖于对
特定的语境的理解。
因此，考生一定要树立篇章意识，在篇章主线的基础上推断画线部分的意思。
1.Finish some exercise about guessing the meaning of the underlined words or phrases.
2.Review the strategies of this class and try to make a mind map .
Homework
Thanks for listening!
5.（2020新高考 I , D ）
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research both the size and
consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake . And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份). it ' s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid .
2. What does the underlined word " beannoles ' in paragraph 1 refer to
A . Big eaters . B . Overweight
C . Picky eaters . D . Tall thin persons .
高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量，在考试中碰到一些不认识的生词、熟词生意和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。
高考考察方向
（2021年天津市高考英语试卷1月）
The poignancy (酸楚) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard(蜥蜴) had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
88. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as ______.
A. letting go of the past B. looking for a new job
C. getting rid of a bad habit D. giving up an opportunity
88. 根据倒数第三段的The poignancy (酸楚) of Jordan retiring...decision took me by surprise.（乔丹从他热爱的篮球退役去打棒球的辛酸，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我很惊讶。）以及Neither of them chose the moment that...learn to leave the past behind.（他们谁也没有选择改变他们的那个时刻。但在一切都变了之后，他们不得不接受真实的自己。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后。）可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服换上棒球服时，意识到放下过去，把过去抛在脑后了。所以划线部分leaving behind the layer意思是“放下过去”。故选A。
15．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“The findings have really important implications for treatment”（这些发现对治疗有非常重要的意义）及“a treatment model called Behavioral Activation, which suggests that if you can help depressed people to engage in positive experiences—despite their low motivation to do so—their mood may improve”（一种被称为行为激活的治疗模式，它表明，如果你能帮助抑郁症患者参与积极的体验——尽管他们动机不高——他们的情绪可能会改善）可知，这些发现对治疗有非常重要的意义，并且与一种叫做行为激活的治疗模型是一致的，consistent与compatible意义相近，表示“一致的”。故选B项。
15．What does the underlined word “compatible” in the last paragraph mean
A．Unrelated. B．Consistent. C．Comfortable. D．Popular.
“The findings have really important implications for treatment and are compatible with a treatment model called Behavioral Activation, which suggests that if you can help depressed people to engage in positive experiences—despite their low motivation to do so—their mood may improve,” says Starr. In other words: If you’re feeling seriously blue, make an effort to do something fun with friends.
（2022·天津河西·三模）
29．词句猜测题。根据第六段“with more work now needed.(现在还需要做更多的工作)”可知，目前所做的研究只是一个开端，后续还需要进行进一步的探索。由此可以推断，划线句子含义是“我们刚刚进入一个新的研究领域”，故选C。
29．The underlined part “this is a pioneering study” in Paragraph 7 probably means ________.
A．we are the pioneers in the field of plastic research
B．we need more blood examples and more work to do
C．we are entering a whole new field of research
D．this is an extremely important study
Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied considerably between the blood samples. “But this is a pioneering study,” he said, with more work now needed. He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic-lined coffee cup, or wearing a plastic face mask.
五个解题密码
Questionaire:
How to deal with unfamiliar words and expressions you come across in reading
Ignore them and continue reading
Guess the meaning of them
Look them up in the dictionary