Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.Section A Grammar focus-4c课件（共21张PPT）

(共21张PPT)
Unit 12
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)
Life is full of the unexpected.
New words
n.街区
n.工作者；工人
v.盯着看；凝视
n.不信；怀疑
prep.在……上面 adv.在上面
v.着火；燃烧
(burnt, burnt; burned, burned)
block
worker
stare
disbelief
above
burn
adj.着火的；燃烧的
adj.活着；有生气的
n.机场
prep.& conj.到；直到
adv.向西；朝西
adj.向西的；西部的
n.西；西方
airport
till
alive
west
burning
n.奶油；乳脂
n.工作日
n.果馅饼；果馅派
n.豆；豆荚
n.市场；集市
pie
bean
market
cream
workday
Presentation
Have you ever been late for school
The bell rang.
8:00 A.M
She got to school.
8:15 A.M
present
By the time _______________,
the bell _________.
she got to school
had rung
8:22 A.M.
8:20 A.M
present
The teacher started teaching already.
She got into the
classroom.
When she___________________,
the teacher __________________
already.
got into the classroom
had started teaching
Grammar Focus
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
Read the sentences below, and circle the conjunctions of clauses and underline the tense.
【图解】
1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
过去完成时用法
① 表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语表示。
② 也可以用when, before 等引导的时间状语从句表示。
③ 还可以通过状语从句或通过上下文暗示。
例如：By the time he got here, the bus had left.
在他到达那里之前，汽车已经离开了。
过去的过去 过去 现在 将来
过去完成时
2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去的时间。常用表延续的时间状语如：
by the end of+ 过去的时间点，by the time+从句等。
过去完成时用法
例如: By the end of last year, she had worked in the
factory for twenty years.
到去年年底，她已经在这家工厂工作20年了。
【图解】
过去完成时
过去的过去 过去 现在 将来
过去完成时的句式结构
(1) 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
(2) 否定句：主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他.
(3) 一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.
否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前（即过去的过去）发生的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. We have learned 1,000 English words so far.
We had learned 1,000 English words by then.
by last year
now
began to learn
for 4 years
Practice
1. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I
_____ the dinner already.
A. had cooked B. cooked
C. have cooked D. was cooked
2. He ____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A. had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns, piano
3. By the end of last month, I _______ all the CDs of
Justin Bieber.
A. collect B. collected
C. have collected D. had collected
4. Robert was very upset that most of his friends
______ when he ______ at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. had left; arrived
C. left; arrived D. had left; had arrived
4a Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom.Mary got up.
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
2. The coffee became cold.I put cream in the coffee.
__________________________________________________
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
By the time I put cream in the coffee, it had become cold.
Before I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday ended.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5. The movie started.I arrived at the cinema.
________________________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie. I got home from
my language course.
_____________________________________________
_______________________________________________
By the time I arrived at the cinema, the movie had started.
By the time I got home from my language course, my
mother had finished making the apple pie.
Before the workday ended, I had completed the work
for my boss.
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
rush out　forget　arrive at go into　show up find out
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else ________ already ______________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he _____________ to add the green beans.
had
showed up
had forgotten
3．By the time my mother came back from the market, I _____
already ___________ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
4．Before she got to the airport, she _____________ about
the earthquake.
5．When she______________ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6．Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _____________
the building.
had
rushed out
had found out
arrived at
had gotten into
rush out　forget　arrive at go into　show up find out
4c Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
1. By the time I left for school in the morning,
___________________________________________________
2. By the end of the school day,
_________________________________________________
3. By dinner time, I _____________________________________
I realized that I had left my keys at home.
I had already finished my homework.
had made the egg soup.
Summary
过去完成时
构成
定义
用法
判断
依据
“过去的过去”
had+done
1. 从定义出发，即“过去的过去”
2. 在宾语从句的运用
3.含有时间、原因、方式等状语从
句的复合句中运用
4. 根据上下文语境来运用
1. 根据时间标志词
2. 根据情景判断，即过去动作的
先后顺序
Exercises
一、单项选择
1. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _______ for 10 minutes.
A. has been on B. had been on
C. had stopped D. had begun
2. Robert was very upset that most of his friends _______ when he ______ at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. had left; arrived
C. left; arrived D. had left; had arrived
B
B
3. She _______ her keys in her office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.
A. has left; comes B. had left; would come
C. had left; came D. left; had come
4. She said she ________ the story already.
A. has read B. read
C. will read D. had read
5. They ______ 100 hundred trees by last weekend.
A. planted B. have planted
C. will have planted D. had planted
C
D
D
二、句型转换
1.I had cooked the dinner when my parents came back. (改为否定句)
I __________ _________ the dinner when my parents came back.
2.Mary’s brother went into the bathroom and then Mary got up. (改写句子)
When Mary _____ ______ , her brother ____ ____ ___ the bathroom.
3.By the time she got up, her mother had gone to work. (对画线部分提问)
______ _____her mother done by the time she got up
hadn’t cooked
had been in
got up
What had