鲁教版初中英语中考二轮复习 专题一　名词课件(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
名词
考点1
名词的数
1.可数名词
(1)名词变复数的规则变化
变化规则 例词
一般情况下,在名词词尾加-s map→maps, boy→boys
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es bus→buses, box→boxes,
watch→watches,
brush→brushes
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,先将y变成i,再加-es dictionary→dictionaries,
country→countries
以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-es leaf→leaves, knife→knives
以o结尾的名词,有生命的在词尾加-es;无生命的在词尾加-s hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,
photo→photos
注意初中阶段以o结尾的单词只有tomato, potato, hero, superhero后面加-es,其他以o结尾的单词都加-s。
(2)名词变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
a变e man→men, woman→women,
policeman→policemen
oo变ee foot→feet, tooth→teeth
单复数同形 sheep→sheep, deer→deer
某国人:中日不变,英法变,其余后面加-s Chinese→Chinese,
Frenchman→Frenchmen,
German→Germans
其他 mouse→mice, child→children
(3)可数名词的修饰词
many(许多), a few(一些;几个), few(几乎没有), several(几个), a number of(许多), a couple of(一对;几个), how many(多少), too many(太多)。
2.不可数名词
(1)不可数名词的量化
不可数名词表示数量时,用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”表示。不可数名词无复数形式,如果变复数,只变计量名词。
a piece of paper 一张纸,
two pieces of paper 两张纸,
a glass of milk 一杯牛奶,
four glasses of milk 四杯牛奶
(2)不可数名词的修饰词
much(许多), a little(一点儿), little(几乎没有), how much(多少), too much(太多), a bit of(一点儿), a great/good deal of(很多), a large amount of(大量的)。
3.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词,但意义不同
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
orange 橙子 橙汁 room 房间 空间
chicken 鸡 鸡肉 time 次数; 倍数 时间
paper 试卷;报 纸;文件 纸 life 生命 生活
experience 经历 经验 work 作品 工作
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 light 电灯 光
exercise 练习 锻炼 fish 鱼 鱼肉
即学即练
1.(2023·青岛市北区二模)These　　　 　(German) have been in China for many years.
2.(2022·扬州)Working as a team means celebrating 　　　　(victory) and facing losses together.
3.(2022·泰州)The film The Battle at Lake Changjin(《长津湖》) showed us many 　　　　(hero) in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea(抗美援朝战争).
4.There are more 　　　　(sheep) in Australia than in Japan.
5.(2021·广安改编)Western people like to use 　　　　(knife) and forks while they are eating.
Germans
victories
heroes
sheep
knives
6.(2023·云南师大实验中学三模)Could you give me some 　　　　(advice) about how to get on with others
7.As parents, you should keep these 　　　　(match) away from the children.
8.I had a lot of interesting 　　 　　(experience) during my stay in China.
9.She didn’t have much 　　 　　(experience) in cooking.
10.I have two 　　　　(orange) and three bottles of 　　　　(orange) here.
advice
matches
experiences
experience
oranges
orange
考点2
名词所有格
1.’s所有格
构成 例子
有生命的 单数名词 在词尾加-’s the girl’s father 女孩的父亲
表示时间、国家、距离等名词　 在词尾加-’s today’s newspaper 今天的报纸;
China’s development 中国的发展
复数名词 以s结尾的加-’ two hours’ walk 两个小时的步行
不以s结尾的加-’s children’s books 儿童书籍
各自拥有 分别在每个名词后加-’s Mary’s and Helen’s rooms
玛丽的房间和海伦的房间
共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加-’s Mary and Helen’s room
玛丽和海伦的房间
2.of所有格
一般来说,表示无生命的名词的所有格常用of表示。
the door of the room 房间的门,
the color of the clothes 衣服的颜色
3.双重所有格
(1)of+-’s所有格
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友
(2)of+名词性物主代词
a book of mine 我的一本书
注意双重所有格和of所有格的区别:
a photo of Tom’s 汤姆的照片
(照片属于汤姆,但照片上的人不一定是汤姆)
a photo of Tom汤姆的照片
(照片上的人是汤姆本人)
即学即练
1.(2023·郴州)My parents took me to the amusement park on 　　　 　(child) Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
2.These are 　　 　　(yesterday) newspapers.
3.After a few 　　　　(month) exercise, I finally got confidence and courage in my voice.
4.(2023·泸州市泸县四中三模)—What is 　　　 　(Jim and Tom) brother
—He is a policeman.
5.Upstairs are 　　 　　(Lily and Lucy) bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But ours are in a mess.
Children’s
yesterday’s
months’
Jim and Tom’s
Lily’s and Lucy’s
考点3
名词作定语
1.名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如果变复数,只把被修饰的词变成复数。
My father planted an apple tree last year.
去年我爸爸种了一棵苹果树。
There are 10 boy students in the classroom.
教室里有10个男生。
2.man或woman作定语修饰名词时,如果变复数,man或woman与被修饰的词都变成复数。
They are all men doctors.他们都是男医生。
3.sport作定语时,用复数。
Our sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning.
我们的运动会将在下周六早晨举行。
4.“基数词-名词(-形容词)”构成的复合形容词作定语时,复合形容词中的名词用单数。
a five-pound note 一张5英镑的纸币,
a 4-year-old boy 一个4岁的男孩
即学即练
1.我想要两碗西红柿鸡蛋面。
2.他们班有20个女生。
3.我们班女老师的数量是6个。
4.下个月我妈妈将有一个10天的假期。
I’d like two bowls of tomato and egg noodles.
There are 20 girl students in their class.
The number of the women teachers in our class is six.
My mother will have a ten-day holiday next month.
考点4
名词的词形转换
1.动词变名词
构词法 例词
+-er/ -or/-r teach→teacher, work→worker,
act→actor, visit→visitor,
drive→driver, write→writer
特殊:win→winner, run→runner
+-ing feel→feeling, build→building,
mean→meaning
特殊:begin→beginning
构词法 例词
+-ment develop→development,
agree→agreement
+-ress act→actress, wait→waitress
+-(t)ion/ -(s)ion collect→collection, invent→invention,
pollute→pollution,
celebrate→celebration,
invite→invitation, prepare→preparation
特殊:decide→decision
其他 fail→failure, succeed→success,
die→death, advise→advice,
choose→choice, weigh→weight
2.形容词变名词
构词法 例词
去t+-ce different→difference,
important→importance
+-ness, y变i+-ness kind→kindness, ill→illness,
happy→happiness, busy→business
+-th,去e+-th warm→warmth, true→truth
+-y/-ty/-ity, 去e+-ity difficult→difficulty, safe→safety,
active→activity, creative→creativity
其他 high→height, proud→pride,
medical→medicine
3.名词变名词(表人)
构词法 例词
+-r/-er/-or village→villager, farm→farmer
+-ist, 去o+-ist art→artist, violin→violinist,
tour→tourist,piano→pianist
特殊:science→scientist
+-n/-an/-ian, 去a+-ian Asia→Asian, Europe→European,
music→musician, Canada→Canadian
即学即练
1.(2023·青岛李沧区二模)Look! The 　　　　(tour) on the Great Wall are taking photos happily.
2.(2023·吉林省实验中学质检)The fans shouted with 　　　 　(excite) when they saw the famous singer.
3.(2022·南京秦淮一模)Since the 73-year-old man made the 　　 　(decide) to travel around the world, he has never given up his hope.
4.(2023·扬州市邗江区梅岭中学三模)I don’t think he is telling us the whole
　　　(true) about what happened.
5.To our surprise, an 8-year-old girl became the　　　　(win) of the dancing competition.
tourists
excitement
decision
truth
winner
6.(2023·无锡外国语学校二模)At the concert, those 　　 　　 (music) skills impressed the little boy so much.
7.(2022·南京鼓楼一模)Leonardo da Vinci was famous not only as an artist, but also as an 　　　 　(invent).
8.(2023·无锡外国语学校一模)While I’m walking in the woods, I like the
　　　 　(feel) of peace and quiet.
musicians’
inventor
feeling
专题精练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The doctor tells us to brush our 　　　　(tooth) after meals.
2.Look, the 　　　　(child) are having a good time flying kites in the park.
3.(2023·龙东地区)World Health Day is used to highlight(强调) the
　　 　　(important) of personal health.
4.(2023·无锡)The 　　　　(win) of this year’s Spelling Bee is...Daniel!
5.The children shouted with 　　　 　(excite) when they won the prize.
6.Chinese people are trying their best to bring more and more 　
　　 　(happy) to themselves.
teeth
children
importance
winner
excitement
happiness
7.(2023·日照)Our city received a lot of 　 　(visit) during May Day holiday.
8.(2023·扬州市邗江区梅岭中学三模)All the 　　　　(hero) names are carved on the stone. They are the pride of our country.
9.(2023·无锡外国语学校二模)Thank you for giving me 　 　　　(suggest) on how to improve my oral English. They do help me a lot.
10.(2023·上海市黄浦区三模)The average 　　　　(weigh) of a baby at birth is just over seven pounds.
11.(2023·云南师大实验中学三模)Finally she made a 　　　　(decide) to go on climbing the mountain although she was badly hurt.
12.(2022·盘锦)Alisa will pick strawberries and 　　　　(tomato) with her father tomorrow.
visitors
heroes’
suggestions
weight
decision
tomatoes
13.(2022·云南)Tourists can see many Western-style 　　 　　(build) in Shanghai Disneyland.
14.(2022·丽水改编)Mandy isn’t allowed to drive because her parents worry about her 　　　　(safe).
15.(2023·青岛崂山区二模)The Tiangong space station is the 　　　　(proud) of all Chinese.
16.(2022·永州)We Chinese should be proud of our history, our written language, our 　　　　 (invent) and our achievements.
buildings
safety
pride
inventions
17.(2022·临沂)Two Chinese 　　　　(woman) have been to space so far. They’re Liu Yang and Wang Yaping.
18.The roof of the house is covered with lots of 　　　　(leaf).　
19.There are three 　　　　(photo) on the wall. They are very beautiful.
20.Jim and I share similar tastes and 　　　　(hobby). We take part in lots of meaningful social activities together.
women
leaves
photos
hobbies
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.(2023·东营)The nap during the lunch break helps us have more
　　　　(luck/wealth/energy/courage) in the afternoon.
2.(2023·滨州)—What’s your secret of writing so well
—I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ___________________
(difference/attention/situation/influence) on me as a child.
3.(2023·江西)—Kevin, could you pass me some _______________________
(rice/bread/water/chicken) It’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
energy
influence
water
4.(2023·天津)People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a 　　　　(festival/poem/guest/symbol) of China.
5.(2023·扬州)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful
　　 　　(movement/attraction/experience/research)!
6.(2023·武汉)—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big _____________(situation/challenge/achievement
/advantage).
symbol
experience
advantage
7.(2023·荆州)—What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough 　　　 　(danger/success/courage/
excitement) to over-come the difficulties in our life.
8.(2023·无锡外国语学校一模)The Wandering Earth series and TV drama Three-Body once again brought Liu Cixin, a famous science fiction writer, to the 　　　 　(notice/interest/attention/attraction) of Chinese people.
9.(2023·上海市黄浦区三模)You can find more 　　 　　(truth/
information/fact/opinion) about travel around Shanghai on the Internet.
10.(2023·巴川中学二模)Sandy is a clever boy. He has fixed up the machine according to the 　　 　　(instructions/inventions/invitations/interview).
courage
attention
information
instructions
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1.昨天我在超市里买了一些土豆和牛肉。
2.你能给我六瓶橙汁吗
3.学校离我家只有十分钟的步行路程。
4.明天两个女科学家将来我们的学校。
5.昨天我们的语文老师让我们写一篇600字的文章。
I bought some potatoes and beef in the supermarket yesterday.
Can you give me six bottles of orange
It’s only ten minutes’ walk from the school to my home.
Two women scientists will come to our school tomorrow.
Yesterday our Chinese teacher asked us to write a 600-word article.
Ⅳ.语法填空
A father was worried about his son, who was sixteen 1.　　　　(year) old but had no courage at all. So the father decided to call on a Buddhist monk(和尚) to train his boy.
The Buddhist monk said to the 2.　　　　(boy) father, “Leave your son alone here. I’ll make him a man with too much 3.　　　　(force) and courage in a month,and a real man in another three 4.　　　　(month) time.”
Time passed by quickly. The father returned. The Buddhist monk prepared a 5.　　　　between his son and a strong boy.
years
boy’s
force
months’
match
The strong boy hit the son,and his 6.　　　　(tooth) were off, and he fell down. But at once the boy stood up. Several 7.　　　　(time) later, the Buddhist monk asked, “Which of the 8.　　　　(child) is brave ”
“What a shame!” the father said in a low 9.　　　　. “I never thought he would be so easily knocked down.”
“I’m sorry that’s all you see. Don’t you see any more
10.　　 　(different) than before Each time he fell down, he stood up again instead of crying. That’s the kind of courage you wanted him to have.”
teeth
times
children
voice
differences