鲁教版初中英语中考二轮复习 专题五　介词和介词短语课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
介词和介词短语
考点1
时间介词
1.in, on与at
词汇 用法 例子
in 用于世纪、年、季节、月份或泛指在上午、下午、晚上之前 in 2023, in summer,
in March, in the morning
on 用于具体的某一天或上午、下午、晚上有修饰语时 on Sunday,
on a cold morning,
on the night of April 2, 2023
at 用于具体的时间点之前或在黎明、正午、黄昏或午夜 at seven, at noon,
at night
2.since与for
词汇 用法 例句
since 后接过去时间或接一般过去时的句子,常与完成时态连用 Mr.Black has taught in our school since 2019.
布莱克先生从2019年就在我们学校教书。
for 后接时间段,表示动作持续多久,常与完成时态连用 I have lived here for nearly twenty years.
我已经在这里住了将近20年。
3.in与after
词汇 用法 例句
in “in+一段时间”与将来时连用,表示“……之后” I’ll go abroad in two years.
两年后我要出国。
after “after+一段时间”与过去时连用,表示“……之后” He went to Beijing after three days.
三天后他去了北京。
4.until
用法 例句
用于肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,谓语动词用延续性动词 I will wait until tomorrow.
我会一直等到明天。
用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,谓语动词用非延续性动词 The war didn’t come to an end until 1945.
直到1945年战争才结束。
即学即练
用介词填空
1.(2023·云南)—Hi, Mike. When is the Space Day of China
—It falls 　　　　April 24 every year.　
2.(2023·北京市朝阳区二模)We plant trees in the park 　 　spring every year.
3.(2023·唐山市古冶区二模)We have English class 　　　　eight o’clock every morning.
4.I remember Susan left 　　　　a very cold morning in January.
5.(2022·天门)—I’m going to Disneyland 　　　　two weeks.
—Wow, sounds like fun!
6.The noise of the street didn’t stop 　　　　midnight.
on
in
at
on
in
until
考点2
方位介词
1.in, on与to
词汇 用法 例句
in 表示在某一范围之内 China is in the east of Asia.
中国在亚洲东部。
on 两个不同的个体相邻或接壤 Russia is on the north of China.
俄罗斯在中国的北边。
to 两个个体之间有一定距离 Shandong is to the east of Shanxi.
山东在山西的东边。
图解助记　
2.on, over, under, above与below
词汇 图示 含义 例句
on 在……上面 (有接触) The boat is on the river.船在河上。
over 在……(正)上 方(无接触) There are several bridges
over the river.
河上有几座桥。
under 在……(正) 下方 The boat sailed under the bridge.
船在桥下行驶。
词汇 图示 含义 例句
above 在……上方 (在某个标 准线以上) The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上方飞行。
below 在……下方 (在某个标 准线以下) The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳落到地平线以下。
3.by, beside, near与next to
词汇 图示 含义 例句
by 在…… 旁边 My house is by the river.
我的家就在河边。
beside Come and sit beside me.
过来坐在我旁边。
near 在…… 附近 I don’t need a car because I live near the city center.
我不需要汽车,因为我就住在市中心附近。
next to 紧挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class.上课时,我最好的朋友紧挨着我坐。
4.between与among
见:本书第一编第21课时考点1
5.across, through, over与past
见:本书第一编第5课时考点3
6.in front of与in the front of
词汇 用法 例句
in front of　　 “在……(外部)的前面”,反义词是behind There’s a tree in front of the house.
房子的前面有一棵树。
in the front of “在……(内部)的前面”,反义词是at the back of I sit in the front of the classroom.
我坐在教室的前面。
即学即练
用介词填空
1.—Taiwan lies　　　　 the southeast of China, and it is　　　　 the east of Fujian.
—OK, I want to visit it some day.
2.Her village is 5,200 meters 　　　　sea level and the air there is very thin.
3.The Beijing Winter Olympics creates a bridge 　　　　China and the world.
4.(2023·巴川中学一模)—May Day this year is really “a sea of people”.
—I can’t agree more. You need to go 　　　　the crowds almost everywhere while traveling.
5.Don’t use your mobile phone when you go 　　　　the road. It’s dangerous.
in
to
above
between
through
across
考点3
方式介词
by, in, on与with
词汇 用法 例子
by “通过”,后接抽象的动作;“乘”,后接交通工具的名词 learn by listening,
by plane
in “用”,后接语言、原材料、方法等 in Chinese,
in this way
on “用”,后接通讯工具或电子产品 watch the football match on TV,listen to music on the radio
with “用”,后接某种工具或身体的某个部位 cut with a knife,
see with my eyes
即学即练
用介词填空
1.In order to save time, he decided to go to work 　　　　subway.
2.(2022·成都)My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl
　　　　chopsticks.
3.This story is written 　　　　simple English. My little sister can read it.
by
with
in
考点4
其他常考介词
1.with
含义 例句
拥有;带有 I’d like a house with a garden.
我想要一个带有花园的房子。
和……一起 He went to the museum with Tom.
他跟汤姆一起去了博物馆。
随着;由于 With the development of the society, people pay more attention to their health.
随着社会的发展,人们更加关注自身的健康。
2.for
含义 例句
给 Here is a letter for you.这是给你的信。
为了,表示目的 They went out for a walk.他们出去散步了。
因为;由于 Thank you for coming to see me.
谢谢你来看我。
(时间、距离、数量等)达;计 I’ve been here for ten years.我来这儿10年了。
He walked for 3 miles.他走了3英里路。
对;对于 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.
在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。
支持 Are you for the plan 你支持这个计划吗
3.against
见:本书第一编第16课时考点2
4.besides, except与but
见:本书第一编第22课时考点4
即学即练
用介词填空
1.A conversation 　　　　a wise person is worth ten years’ study of books.
2.We are asked to exercise 　　　　half an hour in the morning.
3.All of my friends are Chinese 　　　　Lily. She is from England.
4.Please put the piano there, 　　　 　the door.
with
for
except
against
考点5
介词短语
1.in短语
in silence 沉默地 in public 当众
in class 在课堂上 in fact 事实上
in total 总共 in person 亲自
in time 及时 in danger 处于危险中
in English 用英语 in space 在太空
in trouble 处于困境中 in surprise 惊奇地
in a word 总而言之 in other words 换句话说
in the way 挡道;妨碍 in different ways 用不同的方式
in that case 既然那样 in the middle of 在……中间
in the end 最后 in this way 用这种方法
2.at短语
at times 有时 at the age of 在……岁时
at home 在家 at school 在上学
at present 现在 at breakfast 早餐时
at night 在晚上 at the same time 同时
at the end of 在……的末尾 3.on短语
on foot 步行 on vacation 在度假
on business 出差 on duty 值班;值日
on sale 打折销售 on the left 在左边
on show 展出 on the right 在右边
on time 准时 on weekends 在周末
on one’s own 独自 on the top of 在……顶部
on one’s way to 在去……的路上 4.其他短语
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 to one’s joy
令某人高兴的是
to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是 with one’s help
在某人的帮助下
at least 至少 at once 立刻;马上
thanks to 由于;多亏 according to 根据;按照
because of 因为;由于 instead of 代替;而不是
from...to...从……到…… during the day 在白天
即学即练
Ⅰ.用介词填空
1.(2022·宜昌改编)Parents should encourage their children to visit their grandparents 　　　　person on weekends.
2.—I hear your brother will enter Tsinghua University this summer.
—Exactly, he was a born genius. He was able to read and write 　　　　the age of 4.
3.I often buy school things 　　　　my way home.
4.　　　　 my surprise, the twins have nothing 　　　　common.
5.(2023·滨州)—I’m thirsty. I’d like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Betty
—I prefer a cup of tea 　　　　nothing in it.
in
at
on
To
in
with
Ⅱ.选词填空
in trouble, by chance, in silence,thanks to, instead of
1.(2022·连云港)For a green life, we’d better ride bicycles 　　　　　driving.
2.(2022·金华)Don’t be afraid when you are 　　　　　　　　. Try to find a way and get out.
3.All the students listened 　　　　　　　　when the teacher was telling the news about the flight accident.
4.Several years after we got separated, I met my friend Mike 　　 　　while traveling in Paris.
5.　　　　　 our teachers, we have made great progress in the past four years.
instead of
in trouble
in silence
by chance
Thanks to
专题精练
Ⅰ.用介词填空
1.(2023·怀化)The earthquake in Turkey(土耳其) happened 　 　　February 6th, 2023.　
2.(2023·连云港)The instrument EyeHarp is specially designed ____________
disabled people to play music with eyes.
3.(2023·成都)Deng Qingming, an astronaut of Shenzhou 15th, achieved his dream 　　　　many years’ hard work.
4.(2023·泸州)—Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning
—If you work hard enough, you will succeed 　　　　achieving your goal.
on
for
through
in
5.(2023·安徽)Do whatever you can for the community, 　　　　looking after the old or teaching kids art.
6.(2023·武汉)Please bring Ms.Steen to the welcome party 　　　　telling her so that she can be surprised.
7.(2023·凉山州)—The Double Trank of Chengdu Kunming Rail was opened to traffic in December, 2022.
—Yes, it’s very convenient now. It takes us about three hours 　　　Chengdu to Xichang on a high speed train.
8.(2023·石家庄四十中二模)Linda is telling her secret to her friend
　　　　a low voice.
9.He waited for you 　　　　ten o’clock and then he went home.
like
without
from
in
until
10.　　　　　 milk and cheese, we also need some vegetables and fruit for our salad.
11.(2023·重庆八中二模)—We all went to see the poetic dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting 　　　　you.Why didn’t you come
—What a pity!I was busy preparing for a speech next week then.
12.(2023·巴川中学二模)Panda Yaya was sent back to China 　　　　the morning of April 26th, 2023.
13.(2023·吉林省实验中学质检)The summer vacation is coming! The city will be full 　　　　visitors.
14.(2023·株洲三模)Wang Lin improves his English fast 　　　　reading English newspapers and magazines.
Besides
except
on
of
by
15.(2023·厦门一中二模)—It’s raining heavily outside.May I push my bicycle into your house
—Sure. But please put it 　　　　the wall so that it won’t take up too much space.
16.(2023·绥化市肇东十一中模拟)He made a big mistake 　　　　first, but luckily he realized it early.
against
at
17.(2023·乌鲁木齐八中三模)Zibo is famous　　　　 its barbecue and service these days.
18.(2022·无锡)Our English teacher came into the classroom 　　　　a smile on her face.
19.(2022·连云港)The traffic light is green. Let’s go 　　　　the road.
20.—Why are most children under too much pressure
—Because their parents always compare them 　　　　others.
for
with
across
with
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.(2023·达州)我找不到我的雨伞了,肯定有人错拿了它。(by mistake)
2.(2023·龙东地区改编)在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。(in public)
3.(2023·宜昌)在他看来,学习做饭是一件有意义的事情。(in one’s opinion)
I can’t find my umbrella. Someone must have taken it by mistake.
It is impolite to speak loudly in public.
In his opinion, learning to cook is a meaningful thing.
4.(2023·滨州)当我们遇到困难时必须保持冷静。(in trouble)
5.(2023·陕西)你应该自己完成这项作业。(by oneself/on one’s own)
6.直到前天,她才知道这个消息。(not...until)
When we are in trouble, we must keep our cool.
You should finish the homework by yourself/on your own.
She didn’t know the news until the day before yesterday.
Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·苏州改编)
　　The Shenzhou mission(飞行任务) crew(乘组) returned to the Earth 1.　　　　 June 4th after a six month mission. The crew members are Fei Junlong, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu.
on
　　After everything was ready, the astronauts were carried out of the capsule(返回舱) one by one and placed on chairs 2.　　　　 front of the capsule. Then, the astronauts shared their feelings and thoughts 3.　　　　 a reporter from CCTV in a live program. Fei said, “We have 4._____________
(complete) our tasks before 5.　　　　(return) safely to the Earth. We are all 6.　　　　 good condition.” Deng said, “I expected the chance to fly into space 7.　　　　 twenty five years. It was the 8.　　 　　(happy) moment of my life to know that I could be in the mission.” Zhang said, “We will go back to training as soon as possible. We will always be ready to return
9.　　　　 space.”
　　10.　　　　 the interview, the astronauts were moved away for health checks.
in
with
completed
returning
in
for
happiest
to
After