鲁教版初中英语中考二轮复习题型二　阅读理解(四选一)课件(共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
题型二　阅读理解(四选一)
解题指导
一、细节理解题
解题技巧
1．熟悉常见的设问形式：
(1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage
(2)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage
(3)What is the example of... as described in the passage
(4)The author mentions all of the following except...
(5)The reason for...is...
(6)The author states that...
(7)According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ).
2．通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节。
特别注意以下几个方面：
(1)五个W(who, where, when, which, what)和一个H(how)以及其他特殊之处；
(2)数字、日期、时间等；
(3)同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；
(4)表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, what's more, as well as等；
(5)倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly等。
3．选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。
例题分析
Which of the following isn't true
A.We should pay more attention to the details rather than the main ideas.
B.A too comfortable place can make you sleepy.
C.After half an hour's study, we should take a five minutes' rest.
D.Repetition may be boring but it's helpful.
【解析】A　细节理解题。根据文中“But not ‘too’ comfortable or you'll fall asleep！”可知B项说法是正确的；根据文中“A five minute break every half hour is usually enough.”可知C项也是合理的；根据文中“Now, it might be boring, but repetition helps you to remember.”可知D项也是正确的。因此A项符合题意。
4．认真审题，至关重要。
(1)问到who, what, which, when, where, how, why等的问题时，往往有according to the author(passage)这样的限制语。回答时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据，而不要凭自己的观点或经验去选择不符合文章内容的答案。
(2)如果问的内容是由数字表示的事实或细节，时间、价格、次数等要经过计算才能回答，不要轻易从文中直接给出数字，以免理解错误。
(3)如果问题中含有否定意义的词语，如有not, except (for), least, never等，要特别留心，不要理解错了，而选择相反的答案。
(4)要准确把握指代关系，阅读时我们常常遇到一些代词代替上文提到的人、事或物。对其指代关系的理解往往是至关重要的。
二、语(句)义猜测题
解题技巧
1．熟悉常见的设问形式：
(1)The underlined word in the... paragraph refers to/means ________.
(2)What does “________” in paragraph... stand for/mean
(3)Which of the following could “________” best be replaced by
(4)The expression/phrase “________” means ________.
(5)The word “________” is closest in meaning to ________.
2．透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。
例题分析
Another factor(因素) that may contribute to(促使) the good health of these people is their isolation. Most of them are kept off the modern world.
What does the word “isolation” mean in Chinese
A.自我封闭　　　 B．与世隔绝
C.独立　　　 D．淡泊
【解析】通过通读文章，从后面句子可以推断出这个单词的汉语意思是B。
3．猜测词义的技巧。
(1)上下文间意义的联系；
(2)同义关系，反义关系；
(3)词的定义；
(4)对词的解释和举例；
(5)构词法知识猜测词义。
三、推理判断题
解题技巧
1．熟悉常用的设问方式：
(1)We can infer /conclude from the passage that ________.
(2)It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that ________.
(3)The passage /story /author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that ________.
(4)The author strongly suggests that ________.
(5)What do you think would happen(to...) at the end of the story
2．读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。
四、归纳概括题
此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或题段)、作者的写作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点，概括中心思想，也分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。
解题技巧
1．熟悉常用的设问方式：
(1)What is the main idea (subject) of this passage
(2)What does this passage mainly talk about
(3)The main theme of this passage is ________.
(4)The main point of the passage is ________.
(5)Which of the following is the best title for the passage
(6)The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ________.
(7)The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is ________.
(8)Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole
2．领会全文大意，灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的话题和中心思想。
一般而言，英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特点是新闻报道，第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想，但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中；主题段通常在文中简要概括文章中心思想，而主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。
(1)主题型：找中心(Main Idea)
例题分析
These two passages are ________.
A．diaries　　 B．reports　　
C．news　　 D．ads
【解析】本题问及文章的体裁。通过快读(skimming)我们知道这是一篇有关宾馆和前往美国的飞机航线的文章，根据所述内容和格式，可以知道D是正确答案。
(2)标题型：为文章选择标题(Title)
例题分析
What would be the best title for the passage
A.Good Health
B.The Old People in the Mountains
C.Long lived People
D.The Secret of Long Life
【解析】本题是给文章选标题，实际上也是问及全篇的主旨。
(3)目的型：推断作者的写作意图(Purpose)
例如：The author's purpose in writing this passage is to ________.
这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整篇文章中的观点，因此，必须看懂全篇文章的意思。
聚焦泰安　
Test 1(2023·泰安)
A
The movie Home Coming took the lead in the box office(票房) during the National Day holiday in 2022.
It tells a story that happened in North Africa. After a war breaks out there, two Chinese diplomats(外交官) are ordered to help evacuate the overseas Chinese. After completing the first task successfully, they learn that another group of Chinese citizens(公民) are still in great danger. Realizing that these people will die if they don't give a hand, the two men travel through the war area. They risk their lives to help over 100 Chinese citizens go to a safe place. The movie not only shows how the two diplomats protect the people with courage, but also shows their deep love for the country and people.
Home Coming reminds many people of a similar real event which truly happened in Libya in 2011.Chinese Embassy(大使馆) helped the evacuation of more than 30，000 Chinese citizens. Behind this event were many efforts of Chinese diplomats. After watching the film, a man recalled his personal experience. “We are the lucky ones because we have a strong country and are well protected，” he said.
Home Coming is a success partly because of the growing national pride and confidence Chinese people have in our country. A comment(评论) reads, “Chinese passport might not get you anywhere you want, but it can always bring you back home.”
1．The movie Home Coming is about a story that happened in ________．
A.North America　 B．South America
C.South Africa D．North Africa
2．What does the underlined word “evacuate” mean in the second paragraph
A．躲藏　　 B．逃避　　
C．撤离　　 D．评价
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3．How many Chinese citizens were evacuated in the real event in 2011
A.Over one hundred.
B.Over thirty thousand.
C.Over three million.
D.Over three thousand.
4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT right
A.The two diplomats protect the people with courage.
B.The two diplomats love the country and people deeply.
C.We Chinese have a strong country and are well protected.
D.Chinese passport can get you anywhere you want.
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B
Book Chat Club
Calling all book lovers aged 11 to 17 years old!
The Margaret River Bookshop and the Margaret River Library work together to start a Book Chat Club.
What is a Book Chat Club
It's a club for people aged 11—17 who love reading books. Each month we will discuss what we have read and give recommendations(推荐)to other members. There will not be a “set” of books that every member needs to read. Each time we will choose a different theme and you pick a book that you think fits.
The book can be one from your own collection or something you have read at the school library. Actually we don't mind where you found the book. What we want to know is your thoughts on it.
There will be prizes for the best review(评论)of every month and free snacks!
　 If you want to join us, please complete our sign up sheet(报名表)at either the Library or the Bookshop.
Free Event!
Time, location and dates
*9：30 a．m.—10：30 a．m.
*Margaret River Library
*Last Sunday of the month
28 May　　　　25 June
30 July 27 August
29 October 26 November
31 December
Call the library at 555－3721 for more information or visit .
5.When can the club members take part in the activities
A．At 9：50 p．m. on May 28.
B．At 9：30 a．m. on July 30.
C．At 10：20 a．m. on November 28.
D．At 10：30 p．m. on October 29.
6．How many themes will the club offer in total
A．Five.　 B．Six.　
C．Seven.　 D．Eight.
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7．What can we know about the Book Chat Club
A．Each member has a required book list every month.
B．The best reviewer can only get free snacks as the prize.
C．The book lovers aged 11—17 don't have to pay to join the Book Chat Club.
D．The book lovers aged 11—17 can visit to complete sign up sheets.
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C
China has sent the final section of its Tiangong space station into space. After a 13 hour trip, the new section, known as Mengtian, docked(对接) with Tiangong space station on the early morning of November 1st, 2022, finally completing it. The new section was launched from Hainan Island in the south of China.
For years, China has been working hard to create its own space station. Last year, China began to launch three modules(舱) of Tiangong space station, one at a time. The main module, Tianhe, was launched in April 2021.It holds the power source and main controls for the station, as well as the astronauts' living area. In July 2022, China launched its first laboratory module, Wentian, which is the country's largest ever spacecraft.
The new module, Mengtian (meaning “dreaming of the heavens”), is also designed as a laboratory. It is about 18 meters long and has 8 special research areas for experiments(实验). Mengtian is set up so that experiments can also be run outside the module itself. Chinese astronauts can use special robotic arms to run experiments from inside Tiangong.
China's space program is working with the European Space Agency on some experiments on the Mengtian, China says that one day, foreign astronauts will also be able to visit Tiangong.
Tiangong space station is expected to last 10 to 15 years. Though the Mengtian module completes the station, China could add more modules in the future.
China's space program has grown greatly in recent years with a series of successes. In 2020, for example, its Chang'e 5 probe returned to the earth carrying moon rocks. Those were the first moon samples brought to the earth since the 1970s.
8．The meaning of the underlined word “launched” in the first paragraph is the closest to “________ ”．
A．sent up　 B．Landed
C．taken off　 D．set up
9．Which module is the astronauts' living area in
A．Tianhe.　 B．Wentian.
C．Mengtian.　 D．It is not mentioned.
10．When was China's largest spacecraft launched
A．In 2020. B．In April 2021.
C．In July 2022. D．On November 1st, 2022.
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11．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．No more modules can be docked with Tiangong in the future.
B．Chang'e 5 probe brought moon rocks back to the earth in 2020.
C．China created Tiangong space station together with European Space Agency.
D. Chinese astronauts can't use robotic arms to run experiments from inside Tiangong.
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D
Many people may throw away the pits inside fruits
after eating them, but inheritors of nut carving(核雕继承
人)have turned them into artworks instead.
Weifang nut carving goes back to the Qing Dynasty. During that time, an old imperial craftsman(皇家手艺人)Wang Dayan spread the skill to the local people in Shandong Province. Craftsmen back then often used peach pits(桃核) to show off their artistic skills. Because of the high level of carving skills needed, the traditional culture and its rich artistic theme, Weifang nut carving was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage(国家非物质文化遗产) in 2008.
“One nut, from 0.8 to 6 centimeters long, can be made into fan pendants, earrings, buttons, seals and so on，” said Tan Wanhai, 48, an inheritor of Weifang nut carving. Tan has studied the art of nut carving for 25 years and has created many nut carvings.
However, the craftsman also said that bringing this kind of artwork to life is not easy. “Unlike some pits like olive(橄榄)pits which have a flat surface, each peach pit has its own special texture(质地)like human fingerprints，” Tan said, adding that craftsmen have to study each peach pit to carefully plan out their artwork.
Nut carving craftsmen also need to have knowledge in many areas. According to Tan, they have to master skills in painting, seal carving and calligraphy from many traditional cultures.
Thanks to their creative design and fresh ideas, Weifang nut carving artworks have been increasingly welcomed by people in China. More people are learning the art and have even become inheritors to pass down the skill to young people.
“Now, the number of inheritors is about 1，000.But I believe it could be bigger. More craftsmen now give up the tradition of passing down the skill only through the family and open it up to anyone who is interested in learning the skill，” said Tan.
12．Weifang nut carving was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage because of ________．
①the high level of carving skills needed
②its rich artistic theme
③the traditional culture
④the popularity around the world
A．①②③ B．②③④
C．①②④ D．①②③④
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13．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us
A．The cultural value of nut carving.
B．The knowledge craftsmen have to master.
C．The inheritor and his carving artworks.
D．Difficulties craftsmen have.
14．What can we learn about the passage
A．Weifang nut carving goes back to the Ming Dynasty.
B．Tan thinks there could be more inheritors of nut carving.
C．More craftsmen now give up the tradition of passing down the skill.
D．Each peach pit has a flat surface and it's easy to carve on it.
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15．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Tan's Nut Carving Achievements
B．Amazing Artworks in China
C．Carving Artworks out of Nut
D．The History of Nut Carving
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Test 2(2022·泰安)
A
The new railway line linking China and Laos(老挝) opened to traffic on December 3, 2021. All the passengers on the train were very excited.
The line is 1,035 kilometers long and it runs
between Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province,
and Vientiane(万象), the capital of Laos. It takes
about 10 hours to get to Vientiane from Kunming.
This line, with a top speed of 200 kilometers per hour, has 50 stations.
Engineer Ouyang Qiang took part in construction(建设) of the new line. “Each station along the line has a special and beautiful view，” he said, adding that Yunnan has pleasant weather in all seasons and the views are fantastic all year round.
Hang Dianhua, 76, was on the first train on Friday from Kunming to Xishuangbanna. “One of my students took part in this project. It's a proud event for China. I hope to take the train with my daughter and two granddaughters who live in Beijing in the future，” Hang said.
Jaruwan comes from Thailand. Now she works in Yunnan. She was also a passenger on the train. She believes fruit from Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper to China. And at the same time, the new tourism routes(路线) might be developed thanks to the line. More Chinese people will take the railway to Laos, and then visit Thailand.
The China Laos Railway is part of a bigger plan to connect Kunming all the way with Singapore.
1．The new railway line runs between ________ and ________ now.
A．Beijing; Xishuangbanna
B．China; Singapore
C．Kunming; Vientiane
D．China; Thailand
2．Who took part in construction of the China Laos Railway line
A．Hang Dianhua.
B．Ouyang Qiang.
C．Jaruwan.
D．Hang Dianhua's daughter.
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3．Which of the following statements about Hang Dianhua is NOT true
A．One of his students took part in the China Laos railway project.
B．He went to Xishuangbanna on the first train.
C．He took the train together with his daughter and two granddaughters.
D．He thought the opening of the new line was a proud event for China.
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4．What can we know from the passage
A．The China Laos railway line is 1，035 kilometers long and has 200 stations.
B．Ouyang Qiang was an engineer and he was Hang Dianhua's student.
C．The fruit trade between China and Thailand can be more convenient.
D．The Chinese tourists can take the railway to Singapore from Kunming now.
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B
Disney Green Experience—Sorting(分类)&Recycling Adventure
Time: This autumn
Place: Shanghai Disney Resort
Activities
Begin the day with an exciting show performed by a band in Tomorrowland. You can learn about waste sorting there.
Visit the four recycling machines in Fantasyland, Treasure Cove, Tomorrowland and Gardens of Imagination, and get to know about how they work.
Take a trip to Fantasyland's Tangled Tree Tavern, and you can practice sorting food waste there.
Talk to Custodial Cast Members and see how pieces of art are created using waste and recyclable materials. The materials were collected around the park.
●The program is available for school groups of 50—200 students aged between 7 and 11 across the country.
●Those who join the program will be offered a one day theme park ticket. If they finish all the activities in the program, they will also be given a special certificate(证书).
5．What can students do during the trip to Fantasyland's Tangled Tree Tavern
A．Practice sorting food waste.
B．Enjoy an exciting show performed by a band.
C．Learn about the recycling machines.
D．Learn about how to turn waste into pieces of art.
6．The students who join the program and finish all the activities will be given ________．
A．a piece of art
B．a special certificate
C．a one day theme park ticket
D．a one day theme park ticket and a special certificate
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7．What's the main purpose of the program
A．To introduce the ways of protecting the environment.
B．To teach students how to sort and recycle waste.
C．To show the students around the Disney parks.
D．To encourage kids to take part in outdoor activities.
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C
Counting the hairs on your head would be very difficult. Many have tried, but most people give up after losing count or getting bored! However, scientists say people have more than 100，000 hairs on their heads on average. Of course, this number is different from person to person. Some people have much more hair than others.
What causes hair loss There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older. To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition(养护) your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It's also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair.
Hair loss is not the same as daily shedding(脱落). People lose an average of 50 to 100 hairs a day. It's normal. If you are losing more hair than average, talk to the adults you trust. They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help.
Why do humans have hair on their heads Most other mammals(哺乳动物) have thick fur(毛) covering their whole bodies. While humans grow small and fine(细微的) hairs on much of their skin, it's much thicker on the top of the head. Scientists say the answers come down to evolution. Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands(汗腺) than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun. This is why people have more hair on their heads than on the rest of their bodies. The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature.
8．How many reasons for hair loss are mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
9．You can take the following measures(措施) to avoid losing hair except ________．
A．wearing a hat all the time
B．washing your hair correctly
C．brushing or combing hair gently
D．conditioning your hair
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10．What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in the last paragraph
A．进化 B．发育
C．天生 D．训练
11．What can we learn from the passage
A．In general, it's easier for young people to lose hair than old people.
B．The hair on human heads helps keep heat in cold weather.
C．If you lose 50 to 100 hairs every day, you must ask a doctor for help.
D．All the mammals have thick fur covering their whole bodies because they have no sweat glands.
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D
We all know the sun is important. It makes life on our planet possible. But how does the sun do that It's the sun's energy.
Energy from the sun is called solar energy(太阳能). It comes in the form of light or heat. People have used solar energy for thousands of years. The sun's energy can be used to heat water and even food. If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it, causing a fire. This type of energy from the sun is called solar thermal(热的) energy.
We can also turn the sun's light into electricity. This is done with solar panels(板). Solar panels are made up of a material called silicon(硅). The silicon is heated and formed into very thin wafers(晶片). When the sunlight hits the solar panel, the electrons in the silicon move and flow through wires(电线). Using this technology, we can run a calculator and even power cars.
But what happens on cloudy days The electrons in the silicon will stop moving, which means the electricity can't flow. But this doesn't mean that solar energy can only be used on sunny days. People can use the batteries(电池) which are attached to(附着于) solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.
Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be In fact, in the last few years, solar panels have become much more affordable for people to use. Since the sun gives off more energy in one second than people have used, imagine what we could do if we used the sun's energy to power our planet.
12．A magnifying glass can make objects look ________.
A．smaller B．bigger
C．more beautiful D．further
13．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A．How to use solar thermal energy.
B．How to power our planet.
C．How to store electricity with batteries.
D．How to turn sunlight into electricity with solar panels.
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14．We can use ________ to power cars at night according to the fourth paragraph.
A．thin wafers
B．the moonlight
C．solar thermal energy
D．the stored electricity
15．Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．Solar panels are made up of silicon.
B．Solar energy can be used for heating food.
C．It costs more to use solar energy than before.
D．People have used solar energy for thousands of years.
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