鲁教版初中英语中考二轮复习 专题七　动词和动词短语(共45张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
动词和动词短语
考点1
系动词、助动词和实义动词
1.系动词
类别 例词
表示状态 be(是), keep(保持), stay(保持), seem(似乎,好像)等
表示感官 look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来)
表示状 态变化 become, get, turn, go等
注意系动词后接形容词作表语。
You should keep quiet.你应当保持安静。
2.助动词
用法 例句
构成否定句或疑问句 He doesn’t go to school on Sunday.
Did you go home last week
构成时态或被动语态 They have learned English for four years.
The classroom is cleaned every day.
加强语气 I do hope you will stay for supper.
3.实义动词
(1)及物动词和不及物动词
用法 例句
及物动词:必须接宾语 He missed his parents.
不及物动词:不能接宾语 My brother is coming.
(2)延续性动词和非延续性动词
①延续性动词:表示一种持续的动作或状态,如:live, work, wait, keep等。
②非延续性动词:表示行为或过程是瞬间完成的,如:buy, die, borrow, leave等。
用法 例句
延续性动词:能与表示时间段的状语连用 I have lived here for 10 years.
我已经在这儿住了10年。
非延续性动词:不能与表示时间段的状语连用 He left the office five minutes ago.
五分钟之前他离开了办公室。
注意如果非延续性动词要与表示时间段的状语连用,必须用其他词代替。
如:buy→have, borrow→keep, die→be dead, leave→be away, begin→be on等。
(×)I have bought the house for 3 years.
(√)I have had the house for 3 years.
我买这个房子三年了。
即学即练
选词填空
1.(2023·自贡)—Would you like to eat some fried chicken
—No, thanks. I think it 　　　　delicious but is unhealthy.
2.(2022·无锡)—Dad, what’s for dinner It 　　　　nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
3.—Good news! The Shenzhou spacecraft was sent into space successfully.
—That 　　　　exciting!　
4.This pair of trousers 　　　　smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.
sound, taste, feel, smell
tastes
smells
sounds
feels
disappear, realize, punish, compare
5.(2023·青岛崂山区二模)—Don’t always 　　　　yourself with others, or you may have much stress.
—I can’t agree more.
6.(2023·青岛青大附中二模)The nature will 　　　　us if we human beings keep polluting the environment.
7.(2023·合肥寿春中学一模)—The magician put a little rabbit into the box, but it 　　　 　when she opened the box.
—Wow! How amazing!
8.(2023·合肥五十中东校一模)We won’t　　　　 the value of the time we have spent together until we leave school.
compare
punish
disappeared
realize
考点2
情态动词
1.情态动词的用法
2.常用的情态动词
拓展need作实义动词时,有人称、数和时态的变化。
①need后接名词或动词不定式,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do, does或did。
He needs to pass the exam.
他需要通过这次考试。
He doesn’t need to buy such an expensive gift.
他不必买这么贵重的礼物。
②sth.needs doing表示“某事需要被做”,主动形式表示被动含义,相当于need to be done。
Your car needs washing.=Your car needs to be washed.
你的车需要洗了。
3.情态动词表示推测
(1)肯定推测
词汇 用法 例句
must 意为“一定”,表示非常有把握的肯定推测 They must be very tired after a long walk.
走了那么长的路,他们一定很累。
could 意为“可能”,语气缓和,较委婉 This could be true.
这可能是真的。
may 意为“可能”,表示把握不大的肯定推测 It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。
might 意为“可能”,可能性低于may He might be at home.他可能在家。
(2)否定推测
词汇 用法 例句
can’t 意为“不可能”,语气强烈,可能性几乎为零 That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.
那个人不可能是玛丽——她住院了。
may not 意为“可能不”,语气不确定 He may not be at home. 他可能不在家。
即学即练
should, must, can, may
1.(2023·青岛李沧区二模)I’m sorry I 　　　　go now, or I will be late for the meeting.
2.(2023·北京市朝阳区二模)—I can’t find my dictionary. 　　 I use yours
—Sure, here you are.
3.(2023·武汉)—Excuse me, but we 　　　　wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
4.What an amazing robot! It 　　　　cook more than 5,000 dishes.
must
May/Can
should
can
must, may, can’t, needn’t, mustn’t
5.(2023·青岛崂山区二模)—Must I return this book tomorrow
—No, you 　　　　. You can keep it until next week.
6.(2022·连云港)The public sign in the library means people
　　　　smoke there.
7.(2022·达州改编)—Who is playing the piano in the music room Is it Mary
—No, it 　　　　be her. She has gone to Beijing on business.
needn’t
mustn’t
can’t
8.(2023·滨州)—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it
—It 　　　　be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it.
9.(2023·石家庄四十中二模)If we don’t protect nature, some wildlife
　　　　die out in the future.
10.Now most young people like shopping online because they 　　　 spend a lot of time going from shop to shop.
must, may, can’t, needn’t, mustn’t
must
may
needn’t
考点3
动词短语
1.同一动词型
(1)take短语
take off 脱下;起飞 take away 拿走
take after 长得像 take place 发生;出现
take up 开始做;占据 take out 取出
take care of 照顾 take part in 参加
take action 采取行动 take in 吸入
take pride in 以……为傲 take down 拆除;往下拽;记录
(2)look短语
look for 寻找 look after 照顾
look through 浏览 look forward to 盼望
look like 看起来像 look up 查阅;抬头看
look at 看着 look out 小心
look back 回顾 look out of 从……向外看
look up to 钦佩;仰慕 look down on 轻视;瞧不起
(3)put短语
put off 推迟 put up 举起;张贴;搭建
put out 熄灭 put on 穿上;上演;增加(体重)
put down 放下 put away 放好
(4)give短语
give up 放弃 give away 捐赠;赠送
give out 分发 give in 屈服;让步
(5)get短语
get on 上车 get off 下车
get up 起床;站起 get to 到达
get through 度过 get used to 习惯于
get on with 和……相处 get in trouble 遇到麻烦
get in the way of 挡……路;妨碍 get ready for 为……做准备
get dressed 穿好衣服 get lost 迷路
(6)turn短语
turn on 打开 turn off 关闭(电源)
turn up 调高;出现 turn down 调低;拒绝
turn into 变成 turn left/right 向左/右转
(7)make短语
make sure 确保;查明 make up 组成;编造
make friends 结交朋友 make a decision 做决定
make a mistake 犯错误 make a living 谋生
make a difference 影响;有作用 make one’s way
前往;费力地前进
make progress 取得进步 make an effort 作出努力
(8)come短语
come true 实现 come up with 想出
come out 出来;出版 come across 偶然遇见
come over 顺便来访
(9)cut短语
cut down 砍倒 cut up 切碎
cut off 切除;切断 cut out 删除;删去
(10)go短语
go by (时间)逝去 go off (闹钟)发出响声
go over 仔细检查 go through 经历;遭受
go out 外出;熄灭 go ahead 继续;干吧
go on 继续 go back 回去
(11)keep短语
keep out 留在外面 keep healthy 保持健康
keep up with 跟上 keep in touch 保持联系
keep away from 远离 keep off 不接近;避开
keep to oneself 保守秘密 keep doing sth. 持续做某事
2.同一介词/副词型
(1)up短语
cut up 切碎 wake up 醒来
give up 放弃 fix up 修理
cheer up 振奋起来 look up 向上看;查阅
pick up 捡起;用车接 set up 建立
stay up 熬夜 show up 出现;露面
grow up 长大 dress up 装扮
hurry up 赶快 make up 组成;编造
put up 张贴;举起 take up 学着做;开始做
clean up 打扫干净 eat up 吃光
(2)out短语
find out 查明;弄清 run out 用完;用尽
hand/give out 分发 blow out 吹灭
work out 算出;解决 clear out 清理
check out 查看 lay out 摆开;布置
set out 开始;出发 hang out 闲逛
leave out 不包括;忽略 sell out 卖光
come out 出版;出来 go out 外出
(3)off短语
put off 推迟 take off 脱下;起飞
go off (闹钟)发出响声;离开 get off
下(火车、公共汽车等)
turn/shut off 关上 call off 取消;决定终止
fall off 从……掉下来 set off 出发;动身
cut off 切除;切断 show off 炫耀
(4)for短语
pay for 为……付钱 wait for 等待
leave for 动身去 stand for 代表
ask for 请求 care for 照顾
search for 寻找 prepare for 为……做准备
provide...for... 为……提供…… thanks for
因为……而感谢
(5)from短语
hear from 收到……的来信 learn from 向……学习
suffer from... 受(某种病痛)折磨 stop/keep/prevent...from...阻止……做……
separate from 与……分离 die from 死于
(6)away短语
run away 逃走;逃跑 give away 赠送;捐赠
put away 收起;收拾好 take away 夺去;拿走
keep...away from 远离 throw away 扔掉;抛弃
(7)down短语
cut down 砍倒 lie down 躺下
die down 逐渐变弱 fall down 倒塌
turn down 调低;拒绝 write down 写下
pull down 拆除 let...down 使失望
3.混合型
belong to 属于 think over 认真考虑
depend on 依靠;依赖 feel like 想要
fall asleep 睡着 regard...as 把……当作
laugh at 嘲笑 pay attention to 注意
即学即练
选词填空
put out, put on, put off, put away, put up
1.(2023·巴川中学二模)We can 　　　　　　　　a notice to let more people know about our school celebration.
2.(2022·贺州)We have to 　　　　　　　　the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
3.(2022·黄冈)—Maria, don’t forget to 　　　　　　　　the sports shoes. You have a P.E. class today.
—Thanks, Mom. I won’t.
put up
put off
put on
put out, put on, put off, put away, put up
4.—Look at the sign “No Smoking”.
—Sorry, I’ll 　　　　　　　　my cigarette(香烟) at once.
5.—　　　　　　　　 the socks, Jim. You shouldn’t throw them everywhere.
—OK, Mom.
put out
Put away
get off, turn off, take off, go off, cut off
6.(2023·青岛市北区二模)—Could you please 　　　　　　　　the light I can’t fall asleep with the light on.
—OK.
7.You’d better 　　　　　　　　your shoes. Look, they are wet.
8.(2022·连云港)Timmy and Andy 　　　　　the bus and walked towards the sports center directly.
9.(2023·福州十九中一模)The electricity supply was 　　　　　　because of the snowstorm.
10.The minute the alarm clock 　　　　　, I got up and took a quick shower.
turn off
take off
got off
cut off
went off
专题精练
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1.(2023·连云港)Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We 　　　　learn to protect ourselves.
2.(2023·云南)—Excuse me, may I use my phone now
—Sorry, you 　　　　. The plane is taking off.
3.(2023·成都)Your answer 　　　　be right, but I’m going to check to make sure.
4.(2023·怀化)—　　　　 I join the volunteer program on weekends
—Of course you can.
should
can’t
might
Can
5.—Must I hand in the reading report tomorrow
—No, you 　　　　. You have one week to finish it.
6.(2023·孝感)—How beautiful the paper cutting is! Who made it
—It 　　　　be Linda. She’s the only one that can make it in our class.
7.(2023·荆州)—You 　　　　take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly.
—That’s very kind of you.
needn’t
must
needn’t
8.—Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Anna
—It 　　　　be her. She is on the plane to Kunming at the moment.
9.(2023·吉林省实验中学质检)I 　　　　go home now. It’s too late! My mother will be angry!
10.(2023·株洲三模)According to the traffic law, children under 16 _________
ride e bikes on the road.
can’t
must
mustn’t
Ⅱ.选词填空
look after, look up, look through, turn down, turn off, put up, put on
1.(2023·扬州)Paper cut outs of “double happiness” are often 　　　　　　in the married couple’s home to bring good wishes.
2.(2023·云南)It’s a good habit to 　　　 　the lights when you leave a room.
3.(2022·徐州)I have the habit of 　　　　 　the unknown words in the dictionary or on the Internet.
4.(2022·凉山州)—Mom, I want to buy some novels.
—Before choosing a book, you’d better 　　　　　　　　some pages to know whether it’s easy or hard for you.
put up
turn off
looking up
look through
5.(2022·乐山)—Shall we go and see a movie on Sunday
—Sorry. I’ll have to 　　　　　　　　my younger sister.
6.—Why did you 　　　　　　　　the man’s help just now Can we find that village
—There’s a map, so we don’t need others’ help, especially a strange man.
7.(2023·岳阳市二模)A lot of students 　　　　　　　weight because of junk food.
look after, look up, look through, turn down, turn off, put up, put on
look after
turn down
put on
depend on, give away, work out, get on well with, stand for, make up,
take pride in, deal with
8.(2023·天津)Lisa is a popular monitor. She 　 　 　　　　her classmates and teachers.
9.(2023·安徽)Our team 　　　　　　　　what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time.
10.(2023·自贡)—Ms.White, I am sad that I didn’t pass the test.
—Keep trying. Success 　　　　　　　　hard work.
11.(2023·东营)—Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu have safely come back from space.
—Great! All Chinese 　　　　　　　　them.
gets on well with
worked out
depends on
take pride in
12.(2023·乐山)—What do the letters “CPC” mean in the article
—Don’t you know that, Amy They 　　　　　“Communist Party of China”.
13.(2023·株洲三模)Many students don’t know how to 　　　　　　　stress and become worried.
14.(2023·抚顺市顺城区三模)It is a good idea to 　　　　　　　　things you don’t need anymore to people in need.
15.(2023·常州二十四中一模)Children should be encouraged to tell the truth instead of 　　　　　　　　excuses to avoid punishment whenever they do something wrong.
stand for
depend on, give away, work out, get on well with, stand for, make up,
take pride in, deal with
deal with
give away
making up
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　During the Tang Dynasty, there lived a man named Meng Jiao. Meng loved poetry. He spent a lot of time studying and writing poems. His hard work made him become an excellent poet.
　　Writing poems couldn’t make much money at that time. Meng was 　1　 most of the time. When he got older, he knew he needed to 　2　 his life. So he 　3　 to take the Keju exams. The Keju exams were China’s official(官方的) tests at that time. One could get an official job and live a better life after 　4　 the exams.
　　Meng studied hard for the tests. He took the tests many times. Each time, he 　5　. But Meng never　6　. He studied hard and took the tests over and over again. 　7　, when he was 46 years old, Meng made it.
　　Meng Jiao 　8　 new clothes and wore red flowers to celebrate. He rode on a horse through Chang’an city. Meng wrote a poem during 　9　 ride. In English, it reads, “Successful, faster runs my horse in vernal breeze, I’ve seen within one day all flowers on the trees.(春风得意马蹄疾,一日看尽长安花).”
　　Meng’s poem tells people that he was very 　10　 then. On that day, he was able to let go of the disappointments(失意) of the past.
1.A.lazy　　 B.poor　　
C.weak　　 D.foolish
2.A.stop　 B.finish 　
C.leave　 D.change
3.A.decided B.refused　
C.remembered D.ordered
4.A.passing B.failing　
C.taking　 D.giving
5.A.succeeded　 B.failed
C.replied　　 D.refused
6.A.got up　 B.grew up　
C.gave up D.picked up
7.A.Actually　 B.Finally
C.Firstly　 D.Probably
8.A.put on 　 B.put off　　
C.put up 　 D.put down
9.A.their　 B.her　　　
C.his 　　 D.its
10.A.tired　 B.excited
C.worried　 D.surprised
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